tonight on kqed. as p continue the impact of every day and racism in our institutionings and our retionships and at work. easing restrictions on restaurants and retailers in san francisco. we will discuss the obstacles and opportunities shaping economic recovery. >> plus schoces get guidon how to reopen in the fall and will students and parents feel safe? >> i'm prea david clemons welcome. in the midst of a health care we as a nation are reckoning with the choices of our past and the racist systems of our

present. we condition the presence of racism and not as individual on acts of discriminabut as social force. one that has brought us to this particular point in history. joining me now by skype is stanford establishment professor of psychology steve roberts professor berts thank you for joining us. >> thank you. >> profeor inroberts myself uded would say we are not racist but you say the common use of the term racism oois narrow. how do you and other academics define racism. sm we define ras a system of advantage based on race. weommonly think of racism as mistreating or disliking others because of the color of their skin but we define racism as a system and hierarchy and pandemic that we are embedded . >> you authored a paper with a white colleague that you ntribute to racism. that we won't get into them but can you list them for us and talk

about this in detail. >> we listed the seven factors and many to choose from to clear but we spoke the categories and segregation d hierarchy and power and fascism. >> let's take passism first. what does that mean? >> it means to be clear to set the stage that we live in a nation ha has been plagued by racial hierarchy. we live in a very racist country but we often don'do anything. we are passive and we sit idly by and letthe hierarchy in ple and that's one of the biggest problems that we need to stop being passive and need to actively be more anti racist. i want to dive in fact shuns fferent groups and lot of people don't feel that way in their regular lives.

>> that is how people feel but let me walk you through a quick classi psychology experience. you take lab and ip a coin and randomly assign them to groups. right after being assigned to those groups ty think the group is like a team and coalition that they have to trust the group members and support their group members and they can't trust out group members. after a lifetime of being in a racial category we are in many ways ready to treat those groups as if they are coalitions. >> how do you move out of that? >> that's a tough question. the factions, the oups in and of themselves are not bad people getting great meaning out of group membership and that's great in many wa but once the teams, once that factor is coupled with other things hylike hierand status and the media and how does it portray your group,

those fact fs combined make thtor. not any one single factor is the solution. there's is broader system that we need to grapple with. >> you use proactive and reactive anti racism. what does that look like y every tuations? >> i think one clear piece of evidence for reactive anti racism is what we have been eing in the past few weeks. people are protesting and taking to the streets and up by the horrific events that ople are reacting to that and choosing to beanti racist. momentum and actions and the at feelings that many of us have and implementing that into some long future oriented change. let's make sure we are not here again. how can we be proactive to save our future so to speak. >> do you see an act right now that would be proactive to

>> that is a tough one. we can be proactive in many ways. one that is most important as developmental and social psychologist is parents can be proactive and having explic conversation with ur children about race and racism. a lot reof arch shown that white parents don't talk about racism and that sets the kids up to not have an understanding of those ings later on. but if we instill a standard of anti racism th children these will be the future leaders of our future generations and we create that norm now, hopefully we will have a proactivanti racist society going forward. >> you write that we are in a inequality" but aren't the protests and the changes in the law that cued in the past few decades evidence that america is moving towards equality? data to make sur is not entific the indication. economic inequality between

white and afrin-americans is increasing residential segregatio aagainst micro leve increasing in the nation. on the surface it may seem like we are progressing towards a post racial society but the actual data suggests that we are in many ways going back. it doesn't mean that everything is bad. there is a lot of good that is come but we are far removed from an equal society. you point to media as one of the severafactors that influence ameran racism. how does the media perpetuate racism? >> i will give a concrete barn. there's data to choose from the communication studies show ho you comparoften the media portrays white people and black people as criminals or victims, compared to actual crime k reports blople are overrepresented as criminals and under represented as victims and in contrast white americans are ovrepresented as victims and under represented as criminals and

these kinds of distorted images affect our yche and how society is structured. >> in recent days we have examples of sports addressing w racings. nascar is not displaying confederate flags at races and the nfl commissioner says it was wrong for taking a knee how are these actions impacting a public perception of racism t in society. re is a huge impact and i think that they are very important. they e great instances of racism and political change so we don't end up here again. think that you know the more examples we see of that the better ousociety will be served. in the paper we talk about the importance of power. now that people in positions of power set thnorm and set a standard that people that follow them will follow yeah? so i the more people that

take that stand prto be ctive -- especially in a privileged powerful position ll pay dividends in the long run. >> professor roberts whatwould a post racial america look like? is that possible. or a utopian pipe dream? >> i n't think it is a pipe dream. i think racism and racial hierarchy is so deeply woven into the fabric of the u.s. society that if we want to be in a post racial society we have tito think what our would look like. i do think u.at society would be one in which one's race is not takes place or the race is not determining your position. and all of the data shows based on the color of your skin and racial identity your life chances and portunities are deeply affected and i think that's an injustice and i hope that weall move towards a nation that is no longer the case. >> professor steven roberts an stanford.

thank you for your time. >> >> this week san francisco mayor london reed announced that restaurants could open starting todfor outdoor dining. on monday san francisco open for indoor shopping for the first time in thremonths. the city is also providing free temporary itpeto allow businesses to use public areas like sidewalks and parking spaces for outdoor dining and shopping. joining me by skype is jay change the public policy director othe chamber of commerce and also with us buy skype is jeremy owens the san francisco pure chief and tech editor for market watch. hello and thank you for being with us. >> thanks for having us. >> jay, let's art with you. what are you g hearabout restaurants opening to patrons and the outdoor seating ea. how helpful is this to them? >> we have a lot of restaurant owners excited to open for ouoor dining and lot of challenges facing with the

model. for one it is summer in san ancisco and so for lot of folks it is freezing cold outside. so there a question about how many customers are going to want to do outdoor dining during this time. that means for restaurant owners how many seats ould they put out and waiters should they hire and many chefs should they bringack and a stronger question for the economics. since mah, we have seen 84% drop in restrant sales. so even as restaurants have pivoted the take out dining or food trucks and very innovative in how they approached us the damage to the restaurant industry is cain ulatable. many challenges remain. so many it will help and not take us all the way there. t jeemy let's talk abtech companies in the bay. how aristhey weathering storm. it seems like some are layoffs anothers are record highs with earnings. and some at the same time.

record high revenue and profits but there is still furrows. if you look if he layoffs in large tech companies. ins ying off 2700 anfewer than 300 from the bay area according to notices with ththe state that have to file. yelp announced a thousand permanent layoffs and 1100 temporary layoffs. about 250 of those, i'm were temporary layoffs in san francisco and that was it for the local. and meanwhile the company's stocks have resumed and at record high anearnings at records. tech is not affected by this. if it is affected it is positive. >> interesting. why do you think tech is doing so much better than other sectors of the economy? >> it was set up to be remote already. most of the tech companies had people working from home rt of the time. going remote was not a huge issue as it might have been for other industries. and then you have the fact that

it is just set up. they have the people and they have to cut back beyond their that worksand what the ore and ceos are sayi and theibig talking point, they have been saying that there is digital transformation and people will work remotely and doing things from wherever and this is only accelerating it.t this may be a bo what they were already looking to do. >> jay, the amr of commerce is putting together a play book for reopening. can you lk us through the highlights? remy is talking about. ts that we are pivoting from work at ir home ement. many of the larger employers and tech firms are going to allow or encourage employees to work from home for the next several months and maybe next several years. s our neighborhodon't have what it takes to sustain this. viewers have trouble signing on to zoom at the same time and

e entire network crashes. we need to build up more ibandwithe neighborhood and allow fiber and close the digital divide so as people work at home we can sustain that kind ocagrowth. >> jeremy you talk about hothe changes to consumer spending will be impacting the economy long term, what esare t conseque >> well, it is going to be tough to know until s us come back, right? there is compleerly different consbehavios in the last three months than what we saw previously and people are expecting us to s go back and behaviom three months ago. but how much is permanently changed? we don't know until we open these back up. opening back up and tryito get ople to come out and spark a second wave. ew could and all of the money is betting on this being over in the next few months and returning to normal but we don't kn if we will return to normal and if we return anywhere close tonormal we could spark another wave of

outbreak that could shut us all down. >> i want to put numbers for onyou to comment in the past three months since the pandemic started in california five million people have filed for unemployment. that's about 26% of the rkate's what do these numbers say particularly now that we are officially a recession? about the challenges for economic recoverin the bay area? >> absolutely. those numbers speak the growing income in equality that the pandemic has brought. there are many employees able to wenk from home. theyto be higher paid employees already. there are many employees that are not vethe option to work from home. restaurant workers and hourly works and retail workers, they need to be on the site. those are the unemployment claims that have been filed. have seeing growing inequality from the pandic. a huge question for us as we begin the economic recovery. how do we bring them back and make them feel confident that they have discretionary income to spend. a huge part of the work force.

one of the ings that the chamber is pushing for is openinup large commissary kitchens that allow restaurants to pivot from food trucks or delivery or take out and bring the workers back earlier and allow them to work in a remote site that is safe and sanitary and allows them to come back to work. >> jeremy what are the signs thatu are looking for? what are the signals that market will send that we are in a sustained recovery? >> we will get the numbers from may and see how many will come back. there is that big jump in the national unemployment or national employment. we improved in may unexpectedly. a lot ofhat was because the temporary -- the workers temporarily laid off in april or march were getting the ppe payments. a classification thing. it will be tough to even ossay numbers will really show we are back. i think what we ed to do is continue to focus on the

infection numbers and the death rate and the people in hospitals, right? we have not seen that improve in al a alameda county but it has improved in san francisco county. we will look to see if we can do something. we are asking those that are disadvantaged versus the higher classed tech workers to service those people. we can't do that if they are in danger of getting infected and potentially dyd that is horrible to do and exacerbating the service and tech workers and need to look out for those people and make sure we are not putting themin danger. >> are there specific metrics to look for to say this is the point where we have sustained economic growth d we are in recovery? >> yes. the numbers we look at how many sll businesses in san francisco or how many businesses period are operational and remain operational. i think ngjeremy bus a

great point. businesses that are open right now, small blsinesses but ding out cash and the reason they are opened to in mainthe customer base and maintain the brand and it is not sustainable for them. how long will the businesses able to survive and as new businesses relaunch, how long will they stay in business or get shut down after a second wave of infections or outbreaks. we ack the daily numbers to see whether an economy is going to be sustainable over the long term >> jay change, public policy director at the san francisco chamber of commerce jemy owens san francisco chief and tech editor for market watch. gentlemen ank you for joining us today. >> thanks for having us. departmen of education unveiled guidelines owhat school districts should do to prepare for students returning to classes in the fall. among the recommendations, face coverings worn by teachers at

all times and hand washing stations and, of course, social distancing. students could alternate attendance for in person instruction with other days of the week being observed forb distance lrning and big challenges remain including concerns about another spike of the pandemic in the fall that could keep kids home once in again. g me from skype from richmond is senior editor of io educand equity julia mcal voy and dr. dan cooper a professor of pediatrics the uc irvine and joins us from skype from irvine. thank you r joining us. >> good to be here. >> jewel yang can you run through what administrators need to accomplish to get schools ready to reopen in the fall? >> i would say it y is pre challenging. logistical, one hurdle after another. boarding buses safely and sanitation in the d school who will take temperatures at the door when they come in and screen them and how to keep them from removing their masks

during the day. timate question is what do we do if a child or aff member does present ill? how do we isolate them and then make sure they get picked up and how do we contact tracing and testing after that? we are not really quite set up robustly to take that on. perhaps by august when some schools reopen that will be in place but basically prea it is very detailed. these are not mandates for schools to reopen. thse are guidelines. these are suggestions and ch district is told by the state department of education basically to work with its local pu ic health department to make su o right timeopen and under what exact circumstances they are allowed to reopen as well. >> dr. cooper is italistic to think that students and teachers won't be sectors of the disease consider how they mingle and play? >> that's a toh question. we don't know the answer to that yet. there's no question that the

idea has coming up because asymptomatic, that they mainly have the infection and may thbe carriers. data suggests so far that may not be the case but we really haven't seen large scale studies where the children are back in school. ample, from holland. dies for that demonstrated that the most common transmission pathway is from adult to childbuthat was ng a time in holland were there. lter in place rules sue we do know from looking at schools around the world that there arexamples of successes and there are examples where there's outbreaks in the schools. we don't know yet whether those outbreaks appeared from the ds to the adults or from the adults to the children. this reis ly important and yet unanswered question. >> but you are in favor of sending kids back to school in the fall despite the risk of infection? >> yes. i think and we have discussed this among many of my

colleagues who are experts in the transmission and s expein social and behavioral that the risk of keeping children at home suggest that you can keep them in a bubble that they won't interact with anybody. wenow that is not the case. so my thought is that at least with the schools and with al of the thoughts of the work going to it we have some it abto control interact and the fact that kids themselves are not getting that sick, now there are exceptions of course, themselves are not getting so sick suggests to me that this is tprobably the most best way to go to try to reopen the schools carefully. >> julia you are following a fascinating case in morin e wh one school district is reopening and bringing students back. how are they doing that? >> yeah. it began with the superintendent of the entire county deciding that she wanted to bring sll groups of special education st tents in ee different schools and

doing pilots with them. classes no longer than ten students. then it went into aschool called bay side martin luther king academy that is in sausalito thmorin area an have been schooling 27 students now since around may 20th and i was there anyesterdai sort of saw how they done it and what they do they have kids being dropped off in different stages. they line up of cose six feet apart and then they come in to a door and a temperature check. they ask the kids if they felt sick the night before, did they have any diarrhea vomiting and they wash their hands for 20 seconds and they go in the de classroom. inthe classrooms the desks were spaced apart one teacher had a mask on and another did

the countyc health department says they could have children who were t der twelve ar a mask but he is child keeps the mask on but the county public ndalth department isating that the school has some leeway here and he's trying to go above and beyond to make sure that it remains as safe as possible. you know the reason eyid this is because those children, there were 35 kids that were falling behind. they weren't participating and turning in homework and they felt that kids would fall behind in this situation and they felt really badly about that. they said, look if you are not going to turn your homework in maybyou would like to come to school and teachers volunteered. they saw what was going wh the special ed classes. we know you are in there we would like to come in and we will hold virtual classes for everybody in the school room are falling behi my class know can join in and i can in person help them while they are in

there and doing this virtual classroom for evcoybody else. >> dr.er i would like to get your take on this. does that sound like a model to work for other schools and is other say masks versus social n distancing? so let's start with the latter question. i think the social distancing is probay looking at all of the evidence although there's nothing absolutely firm. i think the cial distancing is probably the most important d for most schools as julie pointed out keeping class size down and manageable and hand washing is very important. k mask wearing i ththe data suggests that it helps. it is really important to not politicize this. unfortunately in my own gion in orange county one of our officers actually ed re because her name and address were put out there because she advocated masks. people gathered at her home and it was a very frightening and intimidating experience for

her. the ea of suggesting that we should do everything we can and something as simple as using masks a good idea and should not be politicized and try to he do it. the children were studd in other epidemics. influenza younger children do have a hard wtiring masks. the downside of wearing masks it can sometes produce the opposite effect. younger kids touch their face and nose because of the masks and the whole point of the mask is to keep the droplets from spreading and two keeping your hands away from the droplets. i agree that this should be individualized. >> julia can you talk to us about how the pandemic and this question of education and distance learning versus at the school has widened the equity gap and the equity question? >> yeah, the hapandemic revealed the digital divide and parents that have means that have educational d backgrounds

stay home with the kids and supervise the learning and intern wi-fi tt is high speed. a lot of parents can't afford to stay home with their children and ve to go to work and their children at home and they may not have a computer wi-fi and those kids are discipline of learning in many regards. when schools reopen i think you will have parents making the same choices in pothe same tions of inequity in society. parents can say that is too risky i won't semy kids yet and others will say i got to go to work ank god the schools are opening and i will send theh kids to school. schools may do a fantastic job and safely implemented but at thend of the day the parents don't have much of a choice i don't think personly and if those kids god forbid do contract something in school and go home they end up in e families whre people in a household and somebody with an ndunderlying conditionit is possible we may see more people

of cloud covering suffering disproportionatal deaths as a result of opschooling up. thank you both. you can find your on coverage on our website. you can reach me through our social media handle thank you for watching. good night. ocaptioning spoed by wnet

>> sreenivasan: on this edition georgia, rocked by the police shooting of a black man as nationwide protests over the death of george floyd continue. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is ma possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. the cheryl and philip tein family. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. charles rosenblum. we try to live in the moment, to not miss what's right in front of us. at mutual of america, we believe taki care of tomorrow