captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: coronavirus closures. nationwide spikes in covid infections and inconsistent health advisories force states to reimpose social distancing measures. then, one on one. house speaker nancy pelosi on the ongoing pandemic response, the reports of russia offering money to taliban fighters to kill u.s. troops, and more. plus, meeting the moment. inventors and innovators search for new wa to make ventilators to help the increasing number of coronavirus patients. >> i used to be a dical device designer, and i use ventilators every day. so, when i started learning

it became very natural to me to want to work on the engineering side of this issue. t woodruff: all that and more, onight's pbs newshour. >> majorunding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> johnson & johnson.

>> the john s. and james l.. knight foundion. fostering informed and engaged communities. more at kf.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> ts program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. station from viewers like you.bs thank you. >> woodruff: the u.s. is now vieraging roughly ,000 new confirmed 19 infections each day. the caseload has more than doubled this month in at least ten states, mostly in the south and west. today, the nation's top health experts sounded new warnings about the recent surge, and

developing a vaccine.f william brangham bins our coverage. >> brangham: with dozens of states seeing new spikescon navirus cases, the senate heard caution today from the nation's top infectious diseas expert. >> i would not be surprised if we go up to 100,000 a day if this does not turn around, and so i am very concern. >> brangham: dr. anthony fauci testified at a hearing alongside r members of the federal covid-19 response team. fai did say he was hopeful about a vaccine coming by this winter at the earliest. >> there is no guarantee-- and anyone who has been involved in vaccinology will tell you-- that we will have a safe and effective vaccine, but we are utiously optimistic. >> brangham: dr. robert redfield, director of the ennters for disease control and pron, called this virus "the greatest public health challenge in a century." >> daily cases are increasing after an extended decline. we're seeing significant increases in the southeast and southwest regions of this

nation. >> brangham: all the witnesses today stress the importance of the few tools we do have: social distancing, hand washing, ngd wearing masks. and now, a growiumber of conservative voices-- many who had resistedasks before-- are coming out in support of them. ofpublican committee chair lamar alexandeennessee had a message for president trump, who's been particularly resistant to wearing them. on i've suggested that the president occaly wear a mask, even though in most cases, it's not necessary for him to do so. the stakes are too high for this political debate about "pro-trump, anti-trump" masks to continue. >> brangham: today's hearing administration continues to paint a rosier picture of the pandemic than public health officials. vice president mike pence, head of the coronavirus task force, spoke this afternoon. >> we're in a much better place today, thanks to the whole of government approach, the whole

in america approach, that president trumiated at the very outset of the coronavirus pandemic. >> brangham: earlier, former vice president and presumptive democratic presidential nominee joe biden excoriated the adgnistration for its handl of the pandemic. >> it didn't have to be this way. month after month, as other leaders in other countries took virus under controaldo get the trump failed us. >> brangham: as the virus ads in a number of state some officials have had to dial back their re-openings. on monday, texas and california both rerted record increases in new infections. cases in florida are also soaring. in arizona, hospitalizations have nearly doubled in the last twweeks, prompng governo doug ducey to scale back his state's opening. anwhile, the 31-nation european union announced today it will open its borders to 14

other countrs. the united states, because ore its ou, is not on that list. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham. >> woodruff: with more than half of the country grappling with this summer covid surge, eyes are on congress with calls for a new economic relief bill. we turn now to speaker of the house nancy pelosi. she represents california, one of the states hit earliest and hardest by covid-19. madam speaker, thank you very much for joining us. we appre as we have been hearing, there is this new surge, alarming reports on the comeback of this pandemic and, at the same time, people looking to the congress now, democrats and republicans seem to be in your separate corners. you said over the weekend, you think republicans are going to come around. what are democrats prepared to do? >> what we were prepared to do pass the heros' act, which we di and everything that wasin there, almost # 9% of it, is

what republicans have voted for before. but as you go through these statistics about covid, understand this th-- i heroes' act, we have an answer, we can open up our economy by testing, testing, testing. they're talking about masks, i agree. washing your hands, i agree. .eeping your distance, i agree but testing, tracing, treating and distancing are the tools that we have at our disposal now. this administration has been a terrible failure. i don't like to dwell on them, i want to go forwa. but for them to come out there and say their plan from the start has t us in a good place over 125,000 people died fr this because the president called it a hoax, delayed, denied, death pursued. th have in the bill the testing that i answer. we -- all of the sig scientistsd academics tell us you must test

more and moreeople every da test, trace and then treat so we can stop the detsd whiche disproportionately hurting our communities of color as well.t so, in t bill is an answer, it's a strategic plan, that they haven't thought stoutegically. first bill on march 4 on the covid issue was for testing, testing, testing. the most recent bill that passed was about helping small business and testing, and they still ven't embraced a strategic way to go about it. instead, they are just -- i mean, i feel so sad for the vice president for what he is being forced to say. >> woodruff: but for legislation to be passed, madam speaker, both partiehave to be on board. you've said the republicans need to give some. my question is, are the democrats -- we heard the senate majority leader mitch mcconnell say today that this

unemployment benefit, $600 a week above the normal unemployment benef said it's too much, it is paying pele to stay home from work. is that an example of something o at you think democrats are preparedve on? >> forgive me for not appreciating giving so much time objections to $6 people who are out of work. we'll have that negotiation. pillar of it is honor our hero heroes. assistance state and local government for their outlaro on the virus as well as the revenue lost because of the corohavirus. all of, if you look at speaker.gov/heroes act, speaker.gov/heroesct and look any place in the country and see how those places are helped the heroes act, and

then remember this, all of that money ine-half oft what the republicans had in their tax break in 2017 which gave 83% of the benefits to the top 1%. so he's saying we naud ae government, inployment state insurance, in food -- the foodwe stampseed a pause in all this because he's worried about some poor person getting $600. that's a negotiation, but it's not a reason for him to make it as nf we have place to go. all of those otgr thins the republicans have voted for befohe. shame on shame on them for not helpingd state local governments where democrats and republicans outside the congress have come together to say we need these resources, we have to balance our budget by june 30th. shame on them for worrying about

i600, when everybody's going to lose t unemployment insurance by the end of july if we don't act soon. >> woodruff: let me turn you, madam speaker, so much to ask you about, butt a naional security question. this new evidence that looks very solid that thrussians paid the tabl taliban to kill u. rooms in afghanistan. some information say president was briefed on this in it wasn't briefed.e house says >> if the president wasn't briefed, it's probay because they were afraid to tell him any sad news about russia and friend president putin and they putin and warn him of what well knew, already. but whether the president -- the point is that this is -- forced protection is the purpose of intelligence. i'm 25 years in intelligence.

forced protection, how we initiate hostilities, how we respond to assaults,ut, fourth, intelligence is about how we protect our troos. so for somebody to make an assault on our troops and there to b any question to whether the commander-in-chief would be saiefed about it tells you what ay exists in the white house and how serious this problem is, if they're even afraid to tell them. whether they were briefed, i don't tow. you hea dferent schools of thought. in his -- well, i won't go into any of it. it remains to be seen. we'll have a brifing in the ng of eight tomorrow, a briefing in the intelligence committee. i've asked a briefinfor the entire congress of the united states and perhaps we'll learn he were not briefed, he shouldf have been and, if he wereod, why wasn't he, because all roads lead to putin with him and what does he have the president

that they would withhold that information from him. >> woodruff: someone you know very well, former defense secretary leon panetta said today for the sake of amercan lives lost, because of this, someone has to be accountable. y who think should be held accountable? >> we have toe , again, we ho get the facts of all of this, but the fact is the buck stops with the president of the united mation wasd if infor withheld from the commander-in-chief because they were afraid to tell them about his friend putin, that's quitean indictment. but let's protect our troops. let's make sure thisi possbly can't continue to happen. our men and women in uniform, we owe them so much, and you think forced proteion would be jus such a given, and that the white house would be in such disarray about when they knew and who

they knew and what they told the president and when. but this is -- when we get more information, i'll be able to label it appropriately. but it should never ever be the case that antresif the united states woulhave awareness of it, or his white house would have awareness of it, and not act upon it. >> woodruff: another important issue to ask you about, madam speaker and that's police reform. the house passed legislation. the democrats, senate republicans tried and failed. right now the t sides seem very far apart. are you and other democratsch going to rut, given the urgency of this, to republicans to try to find common ground? >> well, that's up to the senate democrats. i think that, first of all, when you're in a negotiation and the other de wants nothing, it's hard to negotiate, righ? what leverage do you have? they won't yield on anytgh

because exactly what their bill is was nothing. it made no difference. they have language which is like ours, but they have no deeds, and, so, it won't make dia erence. so it's up to them to negotiate with the senate democrats so they can have something that they could pass in the senate. they don't have anything that could pass in the senate much less pass in the house. so that's up to them to d their negotiation there, and then we can find our common ground. but weea cannot -- i the message that would go out from -- to the country, if the senate republicans said this is l you're going to get, rhetoric and no results. >> woodruff: and, in your view, is there going to be -- is ?omething going to happen on th because the american people look at the protest tt happened around the country just days ago, so far congress has done hathing. >> well, congres done something.

the house of representatives has passed the justice in policing -- >> woodruff: but no legislation has been passed. >> well, the senate has not acted in a way that makes a difference. the question is for the republicans in the senate, are they willing to have a negotiation with the democrats in the senate, and then we'll take -- congress will work it's will from ther. but we're not going to negotiate tas to how many chorldz would be hoa compromise between the and the senate, no, that's not going to happen. we banne chokeholds, th don't. are we supposed to negotmote what cground we might find? no, no chokeholds, that's our position, but it doesn't mean there couldn't be some otherer areas we might have a negotiation, but that's up to the -- mitch mcconnell h called himslf the grim reaper, that any legislation that goes over there will die ithe senate cemetery. it's a most unfortunate metaphoy to use, when people are dying

because of the coronavirus, and he wt engage in testing, tracing, treating and distancing with a sategic plan, when he will not open up to realns negotiatn what we do about ending pice brutality, recognizing that many of our men and women in blue honorably perfm their duties and some do not. mcconnell wants a pause. well, a pause isn't happening with hunger in america, whenle peare going to food banks who never thought they'd. and we passed a bill to help, with that, but he is -- you know, the grim reaper is going to put a stop to that, a pause to that. so i do believe that they understandhat if we don't act to invest in our economy soon

that the consequences are going to be even worsehan they are now. don't take it from me, just ask e chairman to have theed who testified to congress to that effect. talk to the secretary of the treasury who knows that we have to do something. but -- but, again, they don't want to admi the csequences of covid, so they don't want to do testing. they don't want it adm the consequences of covid, so they esn't want to honor our hero in this and compensate for the llars spent, and (indiscernible) but there is a big difference here. but, you know what? we have to put the other stuff behind us and try to find the ammon ground necessary to meet the needs of trican ouople, to open our economy, to honoheroes, to put money in the pockets of the american pe sle and, when we do we'll and in the court. voting at home

don't forget,ea r.gov/heroes act, look up and see how much money is spent in any regifon the country you live and understand it's one-hf ofhat they spent on their tax scam benefiting 1% of the population with no stimulus to thee economy ept keeping billions of dollars of debt on to our childn. $600, please. >> woodruf house speaker nancy pelosi, thank you very much. good to see you.dy. >> woodruff: as we reported earlier, a number of states were, just a few short weeks ndo, beginning to re-open businessesublic spaces

that had been closed to combat the spread of coronavirus. but now, william brangham is back to explore how some of those states are starting to rerse course. >> brangham: judy, one of those states is arizona, where bars, gyms and other businesses were again ordered to close this week, as infections in the state rose dramatically in the past ten days or so. will humble, executive director of arizona public health association, an advocacy group. will humble, thank you very much for being here. for people who haven't been payit close attention to w happening in arizona, these cases are spiking, hospitals are stressed out, how did it get this bad? what's happened? >> so, in a nutshelre's what happened -- arizona had a very successfultay-at-home really, arizonans were terrific

about it, they really participated in a big way, and it really flattened the curved we're seeing declining cases. what happened is as wemerged from that stay-at-home order, we went into essentially an honr system transition, so businesses were encouraged to follow the c.d.c. mitigation measures, bars and restaurants were allowed to open but encouraged to follow c.d.c. recommendations, but there wasn't any performurce me or compliance criteria or any enforcement, really. d, so, the behavior of alsinesses and the people of arizona y devolved into pre-pandemic behavior and, as we know, this virus lives off of foolish human behavior are where are now. and now we're close to fourth of july, there's been a tremendous increase in cases and we're at hospital capacity as well. >> reporter: capacity, meaning the hospals are literally full

up. >> yep. yesterda director and the governor announced that we're in what's called crisis standards of care. i hope many of your other states never get to this stage. essentially, it's a process by tals, doctors hospi and healthcare providers are in a position where they need to make really important decisions about who gets the limited ce that's available. essentially, it's something that happens when the resourct you have are inadequate to treat the people that nee care, d that's not just covid patients, it's everybody. when you'ren crisis standards of care, it applies to the entire spectrum, it applies to everybody that needs care. that's where we are, sadly, today. unfortunately, this is something that was avoidable. ct goes back to the root cause that i dssed earlier, i encourage you and other states, as you emerge from your stay-at-home orders, make sure yo elected officials p in rcmpliance criteria that are

enble and you leverage areas that you can so mobiliz the stakeholders into doing the right thing because we didn't do that. >> repter: i'm thinking about you decribing positions that doctors and nurs in arizona are facedh w, having to make the horrendous decisions about who gare and who doesn't if it's that stressed. these are the kif things we saw happening in new york and rsey in the early parts have the pandemic and now they're happening six months on. what are you hearing from hospital officials? they must be in a terrible state. >> well, younow, at the boots on the ground level, you know, in the emergency departments and on the floors and in the intensive cares care units, they're exhausted, already. months and they see rear inw crisis standards of care with nn in sight. number one, it's just exhausting. there ve been two sets of letters that more than 1,000

physicians signed in arizona to o e governor urging him to take action earlier,t in some performance criteria. you know, throue ghout onth of really may and into early june, i think the biggest warning signal was really at memorial day. when we saw the behavior across arizona and memorial day with nightclubs going up to capacity, champagne flowing, i was a free-for-all in flubs, and as a result we're seeing a huge increase in cases in people in their 20s and 30s. so fortunately, they are less likely to end up in intensive viruses like out to high-riskose populations, south a situation i hope the other states avoid with wiser policy choices. >> reporter: indeed, we hope your example in some way c be some sort of guidance for them as well. will humble, executive director of the arizona public health

association, thank you so much for your time. >> good evening, thanks. >> woodruff: in the day's other scoffed at the pre'sdemocrats denial that he knew about allegations of russian bounties on u.s. troops in afghantan. the "new york times" reported riat he received a written intelligenceing in press said the whise firsted became aware of alleged bounties in early 2019. after being briefed by white house officials today, house inteigence committee chairma adam schiff said, that is information the president owght to have >> there are frequently times where the president of the united states will be briefed along with caveats: "this is what the community has to say, this is our assessment, this is the limits." but you don't deive the

president of information he needs to keep the troops safe because you don't have it signed, sealed, and delivered. >> woodruff: this afternoon, white house press secretary pryleigh mcenany said that ident trump has now been briefed on the intelligence related to those reports. snt, she said that intelligence still been verified. >> what is briefed to the president is when there's a strategic decision to be made. so in this case, if ths a strategic decision to be made vis-a-vis russia. those are the kind othings that are briefed to the president, when they are deemed credible. but in this case, it wa not briefed to the president, there was no consensus, it w credible. but make no mistake, this president will always protect american troops. >> woodruff: the presumptive democratic predential nominee joe biden also weighed in on the alleged russian bounties today. he said president trump has "a lot to answer for" about the situation. >> the ia that somehow he didn't know or isn't being ciefed, it's a dereliction of duty if that's te.

and if he was briefed and nothing was done about tels, that's a dtion of duty. >> woodruff: we will have mo, on all of thter the news summary. the supreme court has made it easier for religious schools to obtain public funds. the 5-4 conservative majority upheld a montana scharship program for private education that makes donors eligible for state tax credits. montana's highest court previously struck that down as a violation of the state's ban on state aid to religious schools. in china, president xi jinping signed the controversial akw today.rity bill into beijing las applauded liter passing the legislation that crimis secessionist activity in the semi-autonomous territory with up to life in prison. meanwhile, in hong kong, chief executive carrie lam defended the new law. >> the legislation will not undermine one country, two systems, and hong kong's high

degree of autonomy. hong kong is a free and diversified society. we respect differences in opinion and stve on aching consensus. but the one-country principle is non-negotiable, and could not be romised, as without one rountry, two systems will stand on shakyd. y woodruff: the white house national securuncil today vowed to act against "those who smothered hong kong's freedom and autonomy." a judge rulefotoday that the er atlanta police officer charged the death of rayshard brooks can be freed on $500,000 garrett rolfe fatally shotding. brooks at a wendy's parking lot earlier this month. he faces 11 charges, including felony murder. results from last week's primary race are now in.te former marine pilot amy mcgrath narrowly edged out progressive charles booker. she will take on senate majority

leader mitch mcconnell november. also today, utah, colorado and oklahoma held their own primary elections, with several key congressional seats at stake. on wall street today, stocks closed out tir best quarter since 1998, in spite of the economic crisis from the cod-19 pandemic. the dow jones industrial average climbed 217 points to close at nearly 25,813. the s&p 500 added 47.oints, and and, beloved comedy writer, actor, and director carl reiner died last night of natural causes at his home in beverly hills, california. reiner's prolific career spanned seven dedes, and impacted sirtually every entertainment genre, from tele to broadway theater. amna nawaz takes a look back at his accomplished life. >> mel, let him slice his own baloney, huh? ( laughter )

>> nawaz: from the start, carl reiner was a television comedy pioneer, first appearing in 1950 as the sharp-wted straight-man on sid caesar's "your show of shows." there, he met mel brooks, with whom he crted comedy classics, like this bit about a 2,000- year-old man. >> is that true, sir? >> yes! u want to see my drivers license? produced and starred in the "dick van dyke show," and in the like "the jerk" with steve hits martin. film was a family affair. his son rob directed films like "when harry met sally." carl reiner's wife estelle had this infams cameo. >> i'll have what she's having. work well into his years, onat sitcoms, in movies like the "ocean's 11" franchise, and on twitter, where he'd share his musings,ovie reviews, and political views-- right up until

yesterday evening-- about prident trump. itck in 2016, reiner spoke the newshour about how his love of comedy was born, and how it stuck with him. >> my influences in co started because my parents loved comedy. my parents always sought out comedies. irthe marx brothers were t farites. those people who have a sense of humor get through life more comfortably than tho don't >> nawaz: carl reiner was 98 years old. >> woodruff: we return now to intelligence reports that russia was making bounty payments to kie taliban and its allies for ing u.s. soldiers in afghanistan. ha schifrin: judy, we have

reportedrussian military intelligence provided financial incentives to the taliban to target u.s. troops-- that is and that russian support to the taliban was a collection priority, and was always briefed up to senior government officials. to understand more about russia's role in afghanistan, and horaw intelligence becomes a product for the president and senior officials, we turn to douglas london, a 34-year veteran of the c.i.a.'s randestine service. ired last year as the c.i.a.'s chief of counterterrorism in south and southwest asia, which includes weghanistan. douglas londonome to the "newshour". u.s. officials first talked about russian support for the taliban back in 2018 and 2019, we've reported that included bounty payments. what's your understandingf the increase in russian support to the taliban over the last year or two. >> clely there's great interest and always has been in russia's posture in afghanistan. it's always a high-priority collection requirement. as the press has reported and i

think former afghanistan-american fces general commander nicholson spoke in 2018, there's been evidence of russian support n nancially, militarily to the talilitants. the resting is what we would expect with the taliban an the russian relationship might get strengthened as the russis e looking to maneuver for a post-u.s. place ahanistan. >> reporter: we reported some of the initial intelligence about these bounty payments was made on the discovery of money within taliban fighters' control and interviews of taliban fighters, but hat's only one piece to have the puzzle. the "new york times" is reporting today the u.s. also knewbout bank transfers from eussian military intelligence to the taliban leahip. so is that the other piece to have the puzzle that thll inence community would be looking for and would need to understand what's going on? >> the u.s. has always been collecting from fighters in

afghanistan, trying to develop aurces within the taliban. obviouslhas been reported in the press, there's detainee interve ws. after the taken into custody by afghan forces oror teily by u.s. forces, the reporting of the press suggests the low-level fighters be counseled. but they wouldn't be dealings with russians for purposes of ops security. you wouldn't have russians running around with b of money dispensing it. >> reporter: house of it packaged as far as intelligence for senior officials.nc >> the intellicomes in in a variety of ways. we've seen how n.s.a. is taking in signals intelligence and digital information. there's numerous intel agencies out there collecting it, and it's all sort of putting together by the analysts, who are reviewing it, looking for the strengths, the credid bilit, tting it together in product that will go up to

consumers, policy-maker such as the president, looking at prrees rting that suggests there was a president's daily brief on the matter i beleeve on 27th of february, according to the press, would make a great deal of sense because, as you recall, the united stas and taliban signed their agreement on the 29th ofebruar >> reporter: i have to mention the white house, the administration as a whole was deny tpght was specifically briefed. the white house said today the intelligence wasn't briefed to the president because there was no consensus and "no strategic decision" to be made. are those the only times the president is briefed about this kind of intelligence? >> unfortunately that reflects the nare of the currently strained relationship between the white house and intelligence tammunity and also a lack of undeing and appreciation for the intelligence product. we don't provide infortion to the presdent after we've conformed it. president's daily brief to put things on the president's radar th t are importat require

his intention. we'll put it in context as well, even if there's lack of great consensus among the community, the products briefed to thed in president. so the president will be advised that something as significad ensational really as russian material and financial assistance to thealiban for targeting u.s. troops would have been brothht to attention qualifiers.e proper caveats and we wouldn't wait for this to be a consensus. >> reporter: next what was aid about leakers. >> the rogue officers imperilling our troops lives. we will veryno likelbe able to get a conseus on this intelligence because of wha was leaked to the "new york times."m >>rs of the i.c. are going after trump, is that what you're saying. >> very possibly could be and if that's the case it is absolutely deoricable. >> rr: the director of the c.i.a., the director of the national intelligence, the national securitnational securie

all said in the lasho 1s or so that they have an objection to the leaks themselves. is that not a major problem, thk g of intelligence that ses to be classified? >> i think it's reasonable to assume the president and the white house is going to try to change the narrative on this. leaks are a great dangers they compromise sources, but think about the topic we're speaking to. we're ing to bounties. so if the taliban and the russians wanted bounties, that means they want people to knowan there' incentive and award for killing americans, even if the russians are disguising. i don't condone leaks under the those who provide i can imagine infoation felt a bit of frustration that having informed principals and the president of the threat from russian financial incentives and the dismissal of that intelligence, some of those folks may have felt they and their comrade were being placed in harm's way

by anis admination that wasn't as concerned for their interests as well tha as their own politil interests. >> reporter: douglas london, thank you very much. >> thank you. p >> woodruff: tdemic is forcing innovation. john yang explores a competition to make better ventilators. it's part ofur "breakthroughs" series covering invention. >> why don't i bring the er over, and they can gi you a tour of the machine as it stands? >> yang: ts is how a team of maine high school students and recent graduates came with a ventilator design during t pandemic: isshaky video nference. >> thihe oxygen and air mixing tank down here. >> yang: baxter academy engineering teacher jon amy assembled the team, including 15-year-old sophomore emily mickool. >> amory gave us a list of resources, and told us to learn as much about ventilators as we could.

>> we were thinking about what kind of ventilators could be built, you know, distributed. be had to have kits so they coulent to people. so we designed a ventilator that could be put together with about ur hand tools, two crescent wrenches and an allen key set and a screwdriver. >> yang: they're part of the covent-19 challenge, a global virtual competition to design ventilators that can be built quickly and cheaply with readily available components. in the early days of the covid pandemic, there were fears-- vargely unrealized so far, for ety of reasons-- that u.s. hospitals would run out of ventilators. >> we're searching the globe. >> you cannot buy them. y state is trying to get them. other countries are trying to get them. >> yang: dr. ricrd boyer, an anesthesiology residt at massachusetts general hospital in boston, thoht up the covent-19 challenge in march ile self-isolating with his wife, emily, after he was exposed to a coronavirus

patient. >> i got a little bored, and i-- >> he got bored on d three. so... you know, it didn't take that long. >> i used to be a medical devi designer, and i use ventilators taery day. so, when ied learning about the ventilator shortages, it became very natural to me to thnt to work on the engineering side o issue. education, is heado works in operations, organizing the more than 20 m.g.h. residents running the competition. >> all of the residents were taking on roles and responsibilities that are not part of being a doctor. so we have one person who's managing our social media. another person who's managing the website. also, doinit without the ability of being in the same room. >> yang: there were 213 entries from more than 40 countries. a team of mecal and technical experts selected seven finalists-- one of them a

ross hunter.n scotland led by >> i did not expect to be a runalist. .eat was a surprise. >> yang:unter,. of a company that makes luxury pro-accommodations, based this design on a pet ect he's been-inkering with for years- a commercial coffee machine. >> i actually already had a coffee machine prototype. and, instead of water, started ktting air into it, and, you know, i didnw what to expect, but it looked like promising results from there. so that then led mon to the quest to make a ventilator out of a coffee machine, effectively. >> yang: that kind of outside of the box thinking was key for another finalist: the students at baxter academy, a public maine.r school in portland, emily mickool. >> we didn't have this preconceived notion of what a ventilator should look like. my teacher amory talks a lot about group think. wr brain gets stuck othe idea

of what t to do, before we start exploring something at could potentially be a better option. >> the key to open innovation, i think, is-- is having people that don'tome from your field apply their-- their insights. the group that you mentioned from scotland that created their ventilator from what was initially a coffee maker-- i don't imagine that a anesthesiolost or a typical medical device company would ever have looked at that design. but here he's developed a design that's very feasible as a safe ventilator, and very economical. >> yang: all the entered designs in hopes they helpelopingwoad, countries where ventilators are in short supply. as the medical commuty gains experience with covid-19, some physicians have begun using ventilators less often in certn types of cases, but the devices remain a key part of treatment. >> tre is no other way to ventilate these patients safely, other than with a ventilatorri and they arecal parts of our i.c.u. >> yang: vtilators used in

u.s. hospitals can cost between $20,000 to $50,000and e federal government is spending an average of $15,000 each to add about 200,000 ventilators to the national stockpile the cost of these designs? >> the ventilator that we have now built for about $2,500. and that includes the price of a 3d-printer that you would use to print off the parts. >> very cost effective. i mean, the materials for the n rts behind me, i mean, it's ovss tha00. >> yang: the ct-19 challenge presented challenges to learn from... >> my knowledge of ventilators was zero at the beginning of this, as being one of ever encountered in my life.e literally nights and the days were spent reading up on medical journals, finding out about how these work, why these work. >> what's teresting is a lot of the this that were stumbling blocto, i think, led etter design overall. pressure regulator that drops

the pressure down, and that was deyed in terms of getting to us. so we were using a-- you know, $25 scuba regulator that you can buy at any dive shop to do that same feature. >> yang: ...and it also served to inspire... >> we're dealing with so much distress in the world, from economic stress, from political and social stress, from obviously stresses on our health care system and people losing loved ones every day, for-- for people to commit themselves so much to something, to a goal and to see it come to fruition is incredibly inspirg. >> we were doing our presentation and i was thinking they've heard rocket engineers, ph.d candidates speaking. and i'm a 15-year-old. just learned how to start driving a car. i tried to think of it as, like, we were pitted against each other. but in the same voices is a reallye as those opportunity. >> yang: ...and even if neither of these teams is the , announced on wednesday, they have already gained, and given,

so much. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: u.s. and israeli officials met today in jerusalem to disss what could be one of the most dramatic changes to the middle east map in secades. nickifrin is back with that story. >> schifrin: outside an israeli lettlement in the jordan v palestinian and israeli protestors say no to annexatn. i eli avidor is aeli member of combatants r peace. >> i just feel that i cannot stand quietly. i cannot go to the beach, swim in the mediterranean, have fun, when these crimeare happening here in this area. in my name. >> schifrin: soleiman khatib is a palestinian from ramallah. >> the water resources that are

here, the food, the safety and social life, the communityife, will be really affected so badly if the annexation plan happens. >> schifrin: israeli prime uinister benjamin netany promised annexation during election campaigns, and earlier this year, got a green light from president trump. >> and the united states will recognize israeli sovereignty over the territory, that my fsion provides to be part the state of israel. >> schifrin: this is the current magof the west bank, includ the jordan valley, occupied by israel at the end of the 1967 war. and this is the map in the u.s.' proposed peace plan, released in january. browis israel; green, palestinian. jordan valley becomes part of israel, as do the numbered israeli settlements. in exchange, land swaps along the mediterranean anegyptian coasts, part of a future palestinian state. which is why opposition to the plan also comes from some israeli west bank.eady in the

n> it means that this may be israeli-controlled community, but we will be surrounded by a palestiniastate. who knows how they will treat us as an enclave that is inside their desired ste? >> schifrin: miri maoz-ovadia lives in the israeli settlement of nev tzuf, created in 1977, in the heart of the west ban she and many other west bank settlers say u.s. support provides an opportunity, and netanyahu isn't going far enough. >> sovereignty is something that we have dreamed about. so why not grab in both hands? we do not want to commit to an niestablishment of a pales state, to a two-state solution. we've rejected that before and will continue rejecting that. >> schifrin: senior u.s. official including u.s. ambassador to israel david friedman, have been working with netanyahu on the details of annexation.mi the stration calls annexation an israeli decision, but the two sides haven't yet agreed on how much israel will etnex. and today,yahu said he would continue talks with the hos. "in the coming days." the settlersupport

annexation say the fear of a exaggerated.state is >> the american ambassador, david friedman, called it, that thopalestinians will turn i canadians. we all know how the border beeen the united states and canada looks. if that' is going to have with this palestinian entity, i think we're all willing to settle fo it. mayor of the efrat settlement, with a population over 10,000. he says the trump plan answe israel's security concerns. >> i've been assured tt t what presidump means is going to be an entity which won't have control over its borders.ve >> schifrin: palestinian leaders say that's not good enough, an call the plan "immoral." >> it's not a question of how much they will annex. itself.le issue is annexation you cannot be a little bit pregnant. you cannot be a small thf or a big thief. theft is theft. it's illegal. >> schifrin: hanan ashrawi is a long-time palestinian leader

who says the u.s. is not an honest broker, after moving the u.s. embassy to jerusalem, endorsing israel's annexation of the golan heights, and cutting funding to the u.n. agency that lesists palestinians. the inian authority has tried to pressure israel by ereaking off security coion. 30,000 palestinian police and intelligence officerstopped communicating with israeli counterparts. civilian coordination has also stopped. >> you cannot ask us to be bbynd greements that israel has totally shattered and that the u.s. has totally surrendered. ne we're saying, now, this is a ballgame. >> schifrin: one possibility is a smaller annexation of the most established israeli settlements, including maale adumim, on the edge of jerulem. but the proponents of a ulo-state solution say even that make a palestinian state impossible. >> if annexati takes place in e maale adumim area, it will bantustanly connected by a sealed road to

other areas of palestine, part of this disjointed, discontiguous palestinian entity. >> schifrin: danny seideman is a long-time activist and expert on jerusalem's geography and history. he says the settlements that already dot the occupied west bank challenge the idea of a contiguous palestinian state, and annexation would leave the palestinians living around settlements with no protection. >> there will probably be some palestinians and we will turn them into stateless people, just ke we have with the palestinians oeast jerusalem. >> schifrin: european pficials te newshour they could punish israel for a large

nnexation. and unitions secretary- general antonio guterres warned, any annexation would be a w.rious violation of international but after decades of failed peace attempts, mayor ravivi of the efrat settlement, is pushing a plan that he says gives legitimacy to settlements. >> maybe by looking at the conflict through a dpeferent pective, maybe by giving it a different way of negotiation, we'll be ablto create a better reality and not just oppose it, encause it's something different that hasn't rought to the table up until now. i schifrin: but the u.n. says annexation remaiegal, and even at this 11th hour, it's not clear how far israel will go. fothe pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: for tonight's the pandemic through the eyes of a palliative care specialist. dr. diane meyers, for the

advancement of palliative care in new york city. >> palliative caliative care isn maximizing quality of life. people who work in this field are trained to communicate with people who are going through some of the most frightening experiences of the lives and, unfortunately, that is happening on a scale none of us have ever experienced before. the public knows what's going on. they're watching tv. they're following social media. what we're finding, our surprise, is people welcome to talk about what they'd want should they get sicker. and if it's a family member because the patient is too sick to talk, the they are relieved someone is asking them. some are very c.ar my wife would never want to have a tube down her throat and be in

an intensive care unit, and then there are other people who say, heknow my dad, he wants to live, ants you to fight with everything you have, and we honor thos wishs, whatever they are. i trained as an internal medicine doctor and then specialized in geriaics. i sw a lot of suffering. the medical profession seemed so caught up in our technology and in getting the next test done that we forgot these were human beings we were taking care of. i either h to do something about it or l mveedicine altogether, and i alog with colleagues got some grant money and started a palliative care n ogram at our property. i national organization which is located in new york city and that is my full-time job, until now, until covid 19. now, i am all hands on deck contributing my time to those conversations with patients andi fa by phone, that front

line clinicians don't have time to have. we're also trying to help families talk by phoe or by tablet with their loved o in the hospital and helping to coach them about how to do that, because it's very hard to talk to someone that you can't see and who y not be able to answer you, either because they're on a ventilator or they're too sick. even when people are sedated, they can hear, andhey want to hear your voice, and things that are important to say should be saidan atings like you for being things i did that hurt you, i love you, and, when it's time, goodbye. the benefit of beig able to say those things to someone you love while th are still here is incalculableand it's our job to make re that peoplave that opportunity. my name is dr. diane meyer, and

this is my "brief but spectacular" take on how to show compassion during this covid 19 pandemic. >> woodruff: so thankful fort what she is doing. and you can find all of our arief but spectacular" segments and you can fi our "brief but spectacular" segments online at www.pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that is the newshour for i'm judy woodruff.thank you, pl, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for pbs newshour has been provided by: >> when the world gets complicated, a lot goes through your mind. with fidelity wealth management, a dedicated visor can tailor advice and recommendations to your life. that's fidelity weth management. >> consumer cellular. >> johnson & johnson. >> financial services firm raymond james.

>> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. a carnegie.org. with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. og >> this m was made possible by the corporation for onblic broadcasting. and byibutions to your pbs anation from viewers like you. you. captioning sponsored by newshour pllc captioned by media access grot wgbh ac ss.wgbh.org >> you're w

♪ >> hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up. >> most parents would rather poke themselves in the e th a fork than have to talk to their child about porn, for sure. >> a rare glimpse in the secret world of boys, with peggy orenstein, o auththe definitive guidebook, "boys & sex." en... >> a healed gang member will not ever return to prison, will not returto criminality. >> tenderness is the antidote toxic masculinity. father greg boyle, founder of homeboy industries, brings hope where it's rarely seen. and... >> the idea behind the blue zones was to, in a sense, reverse-engineer longevity. >> blue zones -- lessons on longevity ldom people across the wor who live the longest, healthiest lives. ♪ ♪