captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, november 21: hospitalizations continue to climb as covid cases break more records; measuring the relationship between climate change and extreme weather; and art garfunkel with "notes from an underground man." next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possiblby the anderson family fund.iii. bernard and denise schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. barbara hope zuckerberg. the leonard ama klorfine foundation. charles rosenblum.

we try to live in the moment, to not miss what's right in front of us. at mutua of america, we believe taking care of tomorrow can help you make the mostf today. mutual of arica financial group, retirement seices and investments. >> for 25 years, consumer cellular's goal has been to provide wireless service thats people communicate andec connt. we offer a variety of u.s.-based customer service team can help find one that fits you. to learn more, visit www.consumercellular.tv. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, a private corporation funded by thepe americanle. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> sreenivasan: good evening, and thanks for joining us on this weekend before thanksgiving, states d local governments across the country are re-imposing curfews, trying again to slow the spread of the coronavirus as the number of cases continues to break

records. there are now more than 12 million reported cases in the united stateias of this mong, with nearly 200,000 new cases recorded yesterday, o according te "new york times." some states, including new york and ohio, have alreimadsed a 10:00 p.m. curfew. in california, a limied stay- at-hrder with a 10:00 p.m. curfew for non-essential gatherings wilbegin tonight for dozens of counties, which cover mostaof the state. out and delivery for restaurants and grocery store visits will still be allowed. w ses in california have more than doubled in the past two weeks and hospitalizations have increased 46%, according to the "new york times." globally, the virus is also still spreading. n tehran today, officials imposed new restrictions on travel and non-essential businesses for much of iran as the country grapples with a" third wave" of infections. in mexico city, rapid testing kiosks are being setp as the country recently surpassed 100,000 deaths. d

mexicoth toll is fourth highest in the world behind the united states, brazil and india. president-elect joe biden and vice president-elect kamala harris met with transition advisers in wilmington, delaware, today. they had no public events. there are recounts under way, including in two wisconsin counties. other states are finalizing their vote counts in preparation for the electoral college to formally announce its decision on december 14. the trump campaign legal team continues to pursue lawsuits challenging ballots in several stat aes, losiost all of them so far. president trump insists with no evidence that he actually won, saying it again ywhesterday at a e house announcement on prescription drug pricing. the president has made few publ s appearancescehe election. today, he went to his virginia golf club again after attending this year's 20eaders' summit, which is being held virtually. secretary of state mike pompeo with plans to attempt to restart negotiations for peace in afghanistan. the talks between

representatives from the democratically-elected government of afghanistainand taliban rgents have been frozen over a procedural disagreement for months now. earlier thiseek, it was reportedhat officials on both sides were in communication and negotiations might resume. the talks have taken on increaseurgency in light of the pentagon's recent announcement of plans to reduce u.s. trrooop levels4,500 to 2,500 in january. meanwhile, in kabul, afghanistan today, rocket attacks struck residential areas near the afghani capital's green ze. at least eight people were killed and dozens more taken to the hospital wh rious injuries. the islamic state in afghanistan claimed responsibility for the attack. according to a pentagon watchdog report, attacks in afghanistan have increased by 50% in the period between july and september of this year from earlier in the year. for the latest national and international news, visit www.pbs.org/newshour. s

enivasan: tens of thousands of hondurans have been damage caused by hurricane iota. the storm struck honduras earlier thek as a category- four hurricane with sustained r.winds of 155 miles per h rain from the storm flooded neighborhoods and swelled tvers. iota whe second category- four hurricane to hit this part of central america in two weeks. hurricane eta caused more than 13deaths and triggered mudslides as it made its way across the region. iota is the 30th named storm of the atlantic hurricane season, topping off a record year that resultedn the national hurricane center resorting to the gre as this record hurricane season officially comes to a close at to understand more about what'sd been discovered about the connection between cl eate change atreme weather events like hurricanes. i recently spoke with kevin reat, an associate professo stony brook university who leads

the school's climate extremes modeling group. i began bysking him how scientists are teasing out the effect of climate change on individual storms >> when storms make landfall, they make an impact. they have hazards. things like storm surge, high wind speeds and rainfall, right? because extreme rainfall can cause flooding. and so, one of the things we can do is, we can use state-of-the- art dels that are used for forecasting storms, and we can run these under different conditions that have climate change to-date in the signal or removed. and so, we basically come up with two sets of reality. >> sreenivasan: so, you're taking a forecast like we would see on the weather channel, and yore saying at are the impacts that climate change could have on this storm? and then, we take a t kind of two outcomes-- with the rain and withouthe rain-- that's tributable to climate change? >> yes. and so, anher way to put it is, we run a forecast just like we typically would; the difference is, we also run a forecast in which we've removed

the climate signal to-date, right? n so, in theth atlantic, that's approaching over one to two degrees fahrenheit. increased in temperature over the last 150-plus years due to human-induced climate change. and we can remove that signal and we can rerun the forecasts. and so, we basically have two sets of forecasts, one we call the actual forecastright-- the kind of the re forecast-- as well as the one in which we have thicounterfactual which we've removed warming. >> sreenivasan: when you look at a orm-- , say, for exampke hurricane laura now-- what does this type of modeling tell us? >> yeah, so this type of modeling tells us that what we call the maximum accumulated rainfall amount, which is just the fancy way of saying how much rain fell during the lifetime of the storm. we're seeing increases of 5% to example of hurricane laura, wen had abou12 inches of rainfall in some regions. and so, that's an increase of about an inch in some cases of rainfall. trso, we're uting how mu

rainll in an individual hurricane is d to climate change. >> sreenivasan: when you are looking out into the future, are we likely to see more storms or more intense storms or both? >> yeah, so that's to some extent an open question still. and the consensus is that there will be a decrease or the number of hurricanes, for example, globally will remain about the same or decrease. what that means for individual basins like the north atlantic is a ltle bit harder to understand, in part because variability from y year,tural right? but we do know our models do tell us that the storms are becoming more intense both in terms of the-- the maxim wind speed but also in the amount of rainfall. we eseect about a 5%-7% increa in rainfall within tropical cyclones, within hurrevanes for y degree celsius of warming

that we have and so, if you see in the north atlantic, right, if we were to flash forward 50 years and the north atlatic is now two or three degrees warmer than it is now, then you could start to pect upwards of over 10%, maybe approaching 20% increases in trocal cyclone rainfall. >> sreenivasan: what are the data sets that you're looking at now that youwill help refine the way that you model things, the way that people can prepare goinarg fo i mean, is there a way that we could look at hurricane forecasts when we're watching tv before the storm sets in and realize that this is going to be worse each time because of all of these other factors of sea level rise and ocean temperatures warming? >> yeah, these type of analysis in which we're able to kind of quantify the impact of climate as well as other extreme weather events has definitely increased in sophistication, meaning each time we do these type of things, like most things in life, we're

gettilyng better at anazing the data. we're getting quicker turnaround in terms of running simulations. and i think that in the future,u we have a system in which we're doing that real time. not only are we exploring the impact of climate change on the storm that occurred to date but also providing some future, a peek into the future. w whld the storm look like under one or two or three additional degrees of warming? and i think that that would help bothnform decision making, right, to see, okay, this storm was-- was really impactful. how much worse would this storm be in the future? but also, it allows us to communicate that the impacts of climate change are not 100 years off. the impacts of climate change they are changing the weather around us, and they are having a real impact on society through that. >> sreenivasan: all right. kevin reed, associate professor at stony brook university, thanks so much for joining us. >> great. thks for having me.

>> senivasan: last week, new york city's administration r children's services published a survey that found that more than a thityrd of kids in the foster system identified as lgbtq. the se survey found that lgbtq baced in group homes thanly to with foster families. otieher stthroughout the country show that these yout are overrepresented in the foster system. to learn more about this issue, newshour weekend correspondent yvewitte feliciano spok mary keane, a senior advisor at you gotta believe, a new york-based organization that specializes id placing fosterwith permanent families. reporter: so, mary, starting off, what was your reaction to the findings from the survey published last weeby the administration for children's services? >> so, there is reallyothing surprising in it.nf thismation is known.

working with these young people, they're aware of the increasing care.r of teenagers who are in and in that population, we all know that there are lgbtq kids, d they have what i call a double whammy. you know, they have sort of extra strules beyond what the average teenager has. >> reporter: in your experience, why do so many lgbtq youth end in foster care? >> so challenges that other kids have who wind up in foster cice: family dyn family struggles, family trauma. and then, in afaition, there's ly rejection, families who just don't know how to handle a kid when they come out and identify. and that's-- you know, i mean, we may be in new york and we may think we're very sophisticated anstuff like that, but there's still a lot of people who have a >> reporter: and once they're in the foster care system, what are the unhallenges that lgbtq youth face?

>> so, i think, again, to emphasize, all kids in care, i think, face chalnges. it's nt a good place to be. teenagers face special challenges because they're just labeled. they're seen as problems. they're seen as, you know, tubd kids. people who take kids, you know, as foster parents aren'tften willing to take teenagers in general. and then, you know, you say, ll, they're lgbtq on top of that, and they really don't want to deal with it. they frequently wind up in residential treatment centers or group homes because they don't have families that are willing to take them. and the lgbtq youth, where they're not in a specific lgbt group home, they face challenges from peers who may not be very accepting ofhem. >> reporter: so, what happens to these young people once they age out of the fostecare system?

>> so, again, it's-- it'seally very similar to kids, all kids who age out without a family. they wind up overrepresented in jails. incarceration rates are very high. homelessness-- that was in the article, too. the percentage of lgbtq kids in the homeless populat great majority of which had been in any yoh who ages out of the dystem without a family is unlikely to succ. >> reporter: how does your organizationyou gotta believe, help lgbtq youth and support them when they're in the foster care system? >> any youth that we work with-- and it's, for us it's the same-n we're ng them a family. nothing else matters. if they cannot be reunified with their birth family- and that's the first attempt-- then you try to find someone in their circle. and they-- you know, they're older kids; they know a lot of people.

you try boto find so there who can be a parent for them. and if not, we have people who come in-- i call them random families-- who are interested in parenting older kids.re and so, were them. we train them. alurof our trainers, all of program staff actually are adoptive parents and alumni of the systems. so, we're-this is all very personal for us. and this applies to whether the youth are lgbtq or straight kids, or if they're not even sure what they are yet.f ouilies are taught they have to unconditionally cmit to a child that's placed with them. >> repo: and you yourself are a foster parent. >> yes. >> reporter: you know, from your own personal experience, what are the takeaways about youth in the foster care systemt and hey really need to thrive outside of the system? >> what i learned from the kids, because i didn't learn it in my traing, i learned from the kids what they needed was someone to really just love them.

and that's a term that's not used in the business a lot. love is whaheals trauma. love is what heals kids. love is what heals people. so, what they needed wasomeone who was committed to them, who saw them for who they were, who accepted them completely. it didn't matter what their sexual orientation was. thy've lost their family not because of anything they've done, and they deserve to have a new family-- an additional faealy,y, usually, because they still maintain their families, but they ,have a n committed family that will be there for them for a lifetime. >> reporter: mary keane, senior consultant at you gotta believe, thank you so much for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >> sreenivasan: readers and fans won't infind earth-shatt details in art garfunkel's book, "what is all but luminous: notes from an underground man."

but, in the year since its publication, the singer-sgwriter and author, who turn79 this month, does have some fresh insight on his life as the world's most famous duos and his longtime relationship with paul sim. newshour weekend's christopher booker has more. ♪ >> ♪ hello darkness, my old friend ♪ i've come to talk with you again... ♪ >> reporter: after so many year and so many shows, and so many questions about his relationship with his on-again/off-again partner, art garfunkel has in recent years been working on securing his side of the story. whether in his 2017 book, "what is all but luminous: notes from an underground man" or thes ocional interview, garfunkel is talking. his book was released inefore paperback. >> i was very nervous coming here to do erthis iew, that this is all very serious stuff. there's a lot of people outer i want them to-- to like me.

in my opinion, i've e en under dar all my professional life. it's time to say "who is artun gal?" ♪ when you're weary... >> reporter: while seemingly not interested in the complete retelling of his life, garfunkel is indeed offering notes that, when put together, can be nsidered part memoir and part diary. >> when i was five, i knew i could sing i sang in the alleyway in our house in queens. i sang wherever there were-- wherever there was good reverb: tiled rooms, hallways, school. when the kids would finish school and leave, i would linger in the hallway to sing. and i discovered had a nice voice, and i went very private with it. and when i found paul simon three blocks away at age 11, i found the same kind of turned-on new york kid working on getting better and better at somethi, the guitar. we were natural mates we have ndwarmer timesolder

times. the fact that he's this queen's fellow who's so damn different from me and that we made a togetherness is a hell of a trick. >> reporter: for those hoping for tumultuous relationship th simon, garfunkel inot ready to go there, st iickitead to the content of this book. and you yourself say, you know, if you're looking for the big, deep biography, that's not this ok. that book is coming. >> yeah. >> reporter: so, is that book coming? >> yeah. i'll get to that. it was great joy to write this. it-- it really suited me. i felt, early in the game, i'm a write i can do this. so, i'll do it again, and-- and i'll go into simon and garfunkel more. >> reporter: what garfunkel is offering right now are broad contemplations about his life and how his work may be remembered, big questions that for gaunkel started to ring a bit louder in recent years as he struggled with the loss and recovery of his singing voice. >> well, when i couldn't sing, i began to sit at the round table

in my place and started working on this thing. that became an alternate. so, that's a big part of why i wrote it. i can't sing, i'm still creative. >> reporter: and did it change the way you think of your own legacy? >> "legacy."ha i've heardword. they like that word a lot these days. i don't have a legacy. i don't know what that means. i have a wife and kids. i have a family. i know what that means. what is my legacy? the world and all of its glamorous stars is a hit parade. they come up, and then they go down, except for j.s. ch. he seems to stay up there. but i'm discouraged that how weo certain people and then it fades. i've heard k "ids sanatra? who's sinatra?" they never heard that word. i take this very poorly. i want them to think simon and garfunkel has-- they were indelible, we did something tha has value throe decades.

>> reporter: and you really question if gatng to be the case with those records that you made back then? >> well, you know, it's-- everything's here and gone. that's why i used thtra example. you mean we forgot that name? it's kind of all here and gone. >> reporter: but isn't that everything, anyway? >> and isn't it discouraging? >> reporter: i don't-- i don't know. i'm of two minds. on one handfe, that it is discouraging. on the other hand, i feel like it's freeing. >> it's freeing. >> reporter: because why suffer? we're here to do our work, and if the tree falls in the woods, maybe someone's there to hear it. >> "we're here to do our work." is the work worthwhile or worthless? let's say it's worthwhile. is it good? is it very good? is it extraordinary? is it worth saving among civilization? do we want to save it like we saved beethoven? it really worthwhile? that's a key question, certainly when i'm recording. >> reporter: i contend, thoug that 100 yeafrom now, people are still going to be listening to "the sound of silence." >> well, thank you.

we'll see. ♪ ...and whispered in the sound... ♪ >> reporter: these questions e, of course, impossib to answer, bu at th the questions that busy garfunkel's mind. and do you think that e artistry that comes with singing, does that allow you to-- to quiet these thoughts and feelings? >> yes, it does. 's another place. when you sing, as you're in the very first line of the song, you're in another place. it's peaceful.ie it's bng that something's worthwhile. giving beauty to the line is a worthwhile activity. it's another place. ♪ i have a photograph preserveyour memories ♪ they're all tha s left yo ♪ ( cheers d applause ) >> thiens is pbs newshour we

saturday. >> sreenivasan: t teenager accuseof killing two people in minneapolis during protests over the poli soting of jacob blake was released from jail yesterday.ing a $2 million bail shortly after leaving jail, a photo of kylrittenhouse posing with actor ricky hroder was tweeted by member of rittenhouse's defense team. he faces charges of intentional homicide, reckless endangerment and being a minor in possession of a firearm. rittenhouse clailf he fired in efense. he is due back in court for a preliminary hearing on december 3. announced the discovery of another remarkable find in the ruins of thfe italian city pompeii today. the site is currently closed to visitors because of the excavations areontinuing.he in t past few weeks, archaeologistsncovered the ally well-preserve skeletons of two men who died in the volcanic eruption that

destroyed the ancient roman city almost 2,000 years ago. the remains were found northwest of the center of pompeii, in an underground chamber in what was a large villa. >> ( translated ): the two victims found in the last days e an incredible an extraordinary testimony of that morning when the eruption took place. >> sreenivasan: scientists believe one of the men was in still had traces of a wool cloak indicating he may have been of high stat. the second man has traces of a tunic and has a crushed vertebrae, which experts believe is evidenche was a slave who did heavy labor. buried pompeii and its 13,000 residents under ash, rock and dust. until the 1600s, and four contue to show life as it wasns in pompeii when it was frozen in time.

>> sreenivasan: we'll have more tomorrow on the presidential transition, how countries are uscoping with the coronav pandemic, and more national and international news. that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekr end. e latest news updates, visit www.pbs.org/newshour. i'm hari sreenivas. thanks for watching. stay healthy and have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: suanedgar wachenheim iii. the anderson family fund. bernard and denise schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. barbara hope zuckerberg. the leonard and norma klorfinen

ation. charles rosenblum. we try to live in the moment, to not miss what's right in front of us. at mutual of america, we believe taking care of tomorrow can help you make the most of todalay. muf america financial group, retirement services and invetments. additional support has been provided by: 6consumer cellular. and by the corporation for public broadcasting, a private corporation funded by the american people. and nsby contributioo your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. you're watching pbs.

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