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stephanie: i am stephanie sy wes "newshour" we will join woody woodruff -- judy woodruff after the latest headlines. wrten has been the first country to approve a rigorously testedoronavirus vaccine. atinocns in britain could begin next week. still the world health organization forecasts there won't be enough vaccines to stop new surges for another 3-6 months. we will return to this after the news summary. president-elect biden warned the pandemic could kill another 250,000 in the u.s. in the next two months. that is m fe than cdc projections. mr. biden addressed the economic toll and promised efforts to spark a speedy recovery. he pressed congress for a down payment on new relief. >> i believe with the right policies we can fundamentally

change things, and my hope is we will be able to help in short order. that depends on our friends in congress and the other side who are prepared to taken the act that needs to be taken. stephanie: president trump ran to opposition to his veto threat against a sweeping defense bi. he demanded a provision to end the liability proctions for social media companies for their users' posts. senator jim inhofe smissed the demand, andrs negotiapproved a final version without the liability language. in iran, the country's guardian council approved a law that halts you and inspections of nuclear sites and steps up enrichnt of uranium. hard-liners in parliament passed the bill earlier this week, in response to an assassination of the country's top nuclear scientist. t presiduhani said it would be harmful to restoring the 2015

nuclear deal, which president-elect biden says he wants to rejoin if iran complies. afghanistan's government and the taliban have had a breakthrough of sorts. they announced a preliminary deal setting the rules for peace talks. agreement in 19 years of war. ethiop ahe united nations agreed today on opening a humanitarian corridor i' the country' tigray region. some 6 million have been trapped there during a month of fighting forces. the army and rebel the agreement callsin for all in food, medicine, and other supplies. hong kong's leadits are being ized after three pro-democracyer activists sentenced to jail. they will serveth 7-13 monover a protest last year. supporters demonstrated in solidarity today, some hiding their faces out of caution as

china cracks down. >> compared to oer protesters who did damage on facilities, they were just participating in the protests. everyone was angry at that time. they shouldn't be the only people to take the blame. sthanie: back in this country, the boeing 737 max made its grounded for 20 months after fatal crashes. reporters flew on a 737 max from dallas to tulsa, oklahoma as part of ann effort by ameri airlines to restore public trust. american plans to return the planes to service on december 29. the transportation department is putting a limit on emotional support. anims on airliners. a rule issued today only allows service dogs with people with psychiric disabilities.

american olympichaion at rayford johnson died today in los angeles. he capturedhe decathlon at the ultimately set thrldnd records. in 1960 eight, johnson worked on rort f kennedy's presidential duepaign and helped to s the gunman who shot kennedy. rayford johnson was 86 years still to come on the "newshour," how the covid vaccine will be distributed. strong words from a republican in georgia on the dangers of violent language. heyan renai master breaks gendes barriers centuri after her work hit the canvas. and much more. ♪ announcer: this is the pbs "newshour" from w eta studios in washington and in the west from

the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. judy: the united kingdom's approval today of pfizer's covid vaccine dialed up the anticipation,ressures, and questions about vaccines in the u.s. and how the distribution will beandled. william brangham talks with one of the federal government's leading authorities on makingn. this happe william: the pfizer vaccine, which needs ultracold storage, is likely to be available ins. e ater this month, and it will likely gowoo health-care ers and then elderly americans having in long-term care facilities. the government'spa program antis offering the vaccine from a derna later this month -- from moderna later this month. all told, 20 million could be vaccinated in the u.s. by the end of this yearnd 100 million by the end of february 2021. the chief scientific officer for known as operation warp speed

joins me now. very good to have you on the "newshour." 100 million americans by the end of february. that seems a remarkably optimistic and ambitious goal. >> it is an g ambitiousl, and it's a goal we've been working hard at since the month of may to be able to achieve. we are on theo verge of having vaccines approved by the fda on december 11 or so, december 18, and we can start immunizing. we think we will have 40 million doses of these vaccines in the month of december. that is enough to immunize 20 millio people, and then we plan to have about 60 million doses

by the month of january and 100 million doses in the month of february, and we feel that the plan is achievable. llit's cging, but it is achievable. william: it is w remarkable are talking about vaccines being developed and rolling out in the same year we discovered the virus we were trying to vaccinate against.ai you we could be close to herd immunity in the u.s. as close as may. how many americans would need to be vaccinated to achieve that goal? >> this is very important, an area of potential cofor everybody involved in public health, in the sensehat we need about 75% to 80% of the total population to be immune ainst the virus for herd immunity to impact the rest of the population. we will be producing enough vaccine doses by the month of comay tr about 80% of the population. what we don't know and we hopeen

will really has the vaccine doses will be used and people will accept to be immunized. we are working hard to talk to everybody about how we developed this vexing, h we didn't cut any corner. we took financial risk. we took operational risk. we didn't take any safety risk. the vaccines are highly efficacious, and we look forwarr to tiews by independent bodies that will look into the data, discuss the data in public trsparently, and then potentially recommend the vaccine for approval. william: you are talking about this concern that many people share. there are a lot of people who are suspicious about vaccines and might not take them even if the dat are quite good. what other challenges apart om that do yo see as challenges in the road ahead? >> there are several challenges.

first, our plans rely on six vaccines being successful and approved. we have another two that are completing their phasehree trials, and hopefully approved in late january or early february.they need to be effect. we hope they will be, but we are never sure. two more may, in the month of may. those may have less of an impact on the first round of immunization in the population. the second thing that needs to happen is we are manufacturing this vexing daily, and every single dose we produce will be shipped outside. this is very complex manufacturing, and we just manufacturing.cale for problems could happen.

they will happen, but havingieve experience for 30 years producing new vaccines early on, things happen. reality happs. we might have slippages ofay tie by ar weeks. the world healt organization today cautioned that there may not be enough vaccine in the supply chain to head off a major surge this winter, which many people fear. do you worry that this good news, and is undeniably good news, might cause some people to loosen up their precautions and ink the end is near? we don't have to worry about masking and distancing. >> this is a real concern indeed. a vaccine, even in this country where unfortunaly we are experiencing a surge and it could get worse, we wilnot be able to immunize all the population at once.

it is going to happen gradually over the next five or six months. during that period of time, everyone needs to assume and act as if they.ere not protect we need to have our mask. we need to wash our hands. we need to continue being extremely aware of what we are doing and where we are. even if we are immunized, we may be protected, but we may carry i think it's an important point that you raise. it is a concern. i hope everybond will unders it's a matter of only a few months, so please be patient. m:will the chief scientithc officer fooperation warp speed, thank you very much. >> my pleasure. ♪

judy: and clarion call to curb threats of violence against election workers. white house correspondent yamiche alcindor begins our report. >> g it's ae too far. yamiche: a cry oflarm from a republican and a top georgia election official. gabriel sterling condemned dangerous language aimed at election officials aen warned of vi. >> someone is going to get hurt. someone is going to get shot. someone is going to get killed. yamiche: sterling criticized president trump and his allies for inciting followers and accused of the republicans of standing by in sence. >> all of you who have not said a dam word are complicit. yamiche: stling's boss brad raffensperger backedim up and joined in blaming the president. >> this ishe exactly kind of language that is at the base of

a growing threat environment for election workers who are doing their jobs. yamiche: but president trumple ed a 46-minute video repeating his claims of fraud and saying the election system is under coordinated assault and siege. trump's lawyer suggested that christopher krebs who was fired by the president as director of infrastructure security agency be shot. krebs responded during a virtua forum. >> it has to stop. we have to let the professionals do their jobs. d is well beyme for everyone on both sides of the political spectrum to or an end and to call for this, our process and certification ess, and move to the nex administration. yamiche: but at a white house briefing, secretary kayleigh mcenany said there is blame to go around. >> we condemn threats. there is no place for violence. what i will say too is the

president's lawyers, they were doxxed by a left organization, their private information being put out, so we are seeing that for people on both sides of the argument. yamiche: all this as the president continues to insist without evideece that the elon was stolen. he has yet to concede to president-elect e biden. judy: gabriel sterling, the georgia election official who had sharp words for his fellow s,republicoins me now from atlanta. mr. sterling, thank you for making time to talk with us. yocaught our attention yesterday. tell us what the message was you were trying to convey when you said to somebody could get killed. gabriel: it's a pretty straightforward message. it's exactly whaeewe areg on the ground in georgia. with the envonment being created through misinformation, lying,e peoe being

threatened who are simply doing their jobs, and the final strawo me was that young contractor who was there ahi simply doing job, and somebody got his name, started sendingde out a of him doing an innocent part of his job, saying it was treasonous, and within a couple ofha tweets, somebodhung a noose gif. at that int, i was done. the secretary, he and his wife have been getting threats for three weeks. i've had police protection at my house. this kid is just doingis job, hundreds of tho ofthing for election workers around the country who ran the most secure election in united sta history this year. judy: you seemed yesterday to be pleading with president trump to stop inspiring potential acts of violence.

what is it that the president has said and done that led you to this point? gabriel: your vote is beg stolen. sec.afnsperger, a lifelong conservative republican, is an enemy of the people. woasking theenators from the state to call for the resignation of sec. raffensperger for allowing fraud to happen.it none os true, none of it, ouand frankly it undermine nation. it undermines the republic to continue to insist that there is some path to win. am a republican. i will vote forbehose senators use i think it is important for republicans to control the united states sene, but the president is in a position of responsibility. judy: the white house said today that they don't condone violence . the trump campaign says they don't condone violence. is that accepting responsibility? gabrie it's great to have your

spokespeople go out and say the right words, but he pu out a video saying there is massive voter fraud in the state whenro there is zero. formerly par of his legal team met today and said, don't trust any of these voting machines. in fact, don't vote in the election in january. this office wants to encourage everybody to fight it out. this has turned into a situation. somebody asked me what these charges were, and i said they were part of a fever dream. they were made up out of whole cloth. one of the early conspiracies was these maches were flipping tes. we did a handudit, and the audit was so precise and so aligned with the outcomes, it was only off by 0.153% in the votes cast, when most hand counts are off by 1% to 2%. we ran a secure election. the president came up short.

maybe if he hadn't discourage people from using absentee voting in a pandemic, he would've had a different outcome. judy: you call it a fever dream, but is there any rational explanation for what the president and his allies are saying? briel: i don't mind the idea of using the court system,hich they are doing. that is part of due process, but to go out there blindly swinging ina bat sthere are conspiracies everywhere when proof?s no this office is continuing to investigate all the items brought to us around absentee ballots. judy: you say you do plan to vote for republican candidates for the senate, but at the samer time, thestwo individuals who have called on your boss to resign. they said, he failed to deliver honest and transparent elections. he has failed the peoplef georgia. they have not condemned what the

president and others are saying. gabriel: they have not, and it's unfortunate. levels. angry on some here's the reality. thispe is what we see hng right now. the senators are in the fight of th,r liv and they know if they cross president trump, he could do one okitwo tweets and their campaigns. they need the trump base to show up. i feel for them on that front. on some level, i'm sure they don't care about my sympathy, but from my point of view, i am a i republican - want them to wio but i want everyone t vote. judy: is there fear president trump wouldn't support a justification for their continuing to stand behind these claims he is making? gabriel: i can't speak for the senators. when you have your politics in line with this thing, and realize, this is control of the united states senat which

would give democrats complete control if they blow up the filibuster. this is about protecting small businesses. this is about finding a rational path through covid. i'm not simply talking about politics. i've expressed my own opinion we do not needo have the president basically telling lies about how the election is going, which inspirieople to say the president wants me to take action against these enemies of the people, and these are election workers just doing their jobs trying to protect the machinery of democracy. when stacey abrams said she wouldn't concede, it undermined the democratic process. when donald trump doesest, it undermhe democratic process. judy: gabriel sterling, head of election operations implementation for the state of georgia. gabriel: thank you, judy. great to be here. ♪

judy: lawmakers in washington ele under pressure to reach another economicf deal as covid cases and deaths spike across the country. house speaker nancy pelosi and senate minority leader chuck the bipartisan bill unveiledat yesterdayrt should be the sg point for negotiations. illinois senator dick durbin is the second highest ranking democrat in the senate, and he joins us now. thank you for being with us again. what caused the democrats to change their starting point? we heard speaker pel insisting on that two point $2 trillion, but now you are looking at something that is a lot less than that. sen. durbin: on dember 26,

millions of americanfwill be cut rom unemployment insurance. we know businesses are struggling to survive. state and local governments havi faced a downturevenue. we know we need more money for stribution of the vaccin when you stack it all up, that isbi why thirtisan coalition of senators and house members have been working forfi weeks to something we agree on and fight for. we've done it. we have one or two items to be resolved, and so many af them we haeed on that the leaders, pelosi, schumer, they said they want ts to be the starting point to get something done now. working with that bipartisan the need has been great forpect, months now. why just n in early december are democrats moving their position? senator to ask. the wrong senator mcconnell decides what is brought to the floor. six months a, nancy pelosi

passed a substantiall, b which i fully supported, the heroes act, ande then came back and reduced the number to try to get in the range ofegiation and passed that bill. we've done this. we've brought them to the house for consideration for months on end, but we are at the end of our rope. how can the members of the congress go home and celebrate chstmas knowing that the next morning 12 million americans are lo insurance?nemployment judy: what do youwi think i take to get a deal? what are democrats prepared to live with, and where do you see give on the part of republicans? sen. dbin: we've been giving negotiations back and forth for the last severale'eeks, and t's been a lot of give and take. we don't revisit one of thes b items on her it is $908 nbillion, a basic biparti agreement. we need senator mcconnell to say

you are goi to get a day on the floor. we are going to have a vote on is, and we will do it in a we can consider passing it in-- the senate. e think that is what the american people amoring for. judy: are you satisfied with this? clearly there is more you here, but you can live with in this? can the majority of democrats live with this? sen. durbin: i believe they can. pelosi and schumer have said this is a starting point, so believe it or not, there wille negotiations, but we believe thisext $908 billion, for the next four monthy is an emergesponse that is desperately needed. whene are talking about distributing vaccine, why is there any difference of opinionh we are talking about money for education, money for businesses to be ablto survive, and basically to give

governments relief fro a struggles th going through. pointing a finger at theu are but republicans are pointing right back at democrats and speaker a pelosi saying there was no give on her part. what is the public to believe? sen. durbin: i hope they will believe this simple statent. this bipartisan proposal from house and senate republicans and democrats should have a day on the floor of each chamber. if peopl want to offer amendments, so be it, but let's start at this point that we worked out among ourselves, a bipartisan agreement. if you can come up with something better, more power to you. let's do this as quickly as possible. judy: do you think this can get done by the end of nextee when congress is due to go home? sen. durbin: it can absolutely get done.

senator mcconnell controls the floor. heco decides whas up on the floor, and he can make the decision tha we are going to move this quickly. none of us want to spend christmas eve or christmas day in washington, but we don't want people who desperaeed ouracks on help. judy: it is part of your thinking that if you can get this past, you would expect president-elect biden, his team, the democrats under a new administration to come back in the new year and ask for more relief. is that part of what the inking is? sen. durbin: i don't want to try to guess whathe biden agenda will be and the timing of it, but we provide 8 billion dollars for additional distribution of the vaccine across america. it could bthat number is not enough. are we willing to slow the effort to do it? it would be under the new president. i think theref is a sense urgency. what we try to do is take it througthe end of march, and

beyond that, it's going to be up to the new administrssion and cong judy: the second ranking democratn the unite states senate, senator dick durbin of illinois, thank you so much. sen. durbin:y. thanks, j judy: as we heard from republican gabriel steof georgia, the language around thi election, of the vote, false claims ofpo fraud and ntially inciting violence are dangerous. sterling, a top elections official, claims his state did it right as they face a runoff that will determine control of the u.s. senate. as we just heard just now from senator durbin, there is a critical need for economic republican senator bill cassidy of louisiana is one of the senators involved in that bipartisan bill aimed s at addressie of those needs. he is also a physician and joins us now. senator cassidy, there you are.

i wanted to make sure you were with us. thank you for being with us. i'm not sure if you are able to hear anything of what senator durbin said, but it's clear from listening to him that democrats are prepared to support either lois bipartisan proposal as it is or something to that. where are republicans? sen. cassidy: there's a lot of enthusiasm on our side. people want to get something done. the devil is in the details. a we are working opartisan basis, house and senate members. i just got off a callegding that to come to mutual understanding of those details, antid people are ope in good faith, not holding out trying to get something else. that is encouraging. dy we had heard from senate was not in favor of the amount of aid -- feral unemployment assistance that would be part of this proposal.

is he prepared to change his mind on that? sen. cassidy: i cannot speak for mitch mcconnell, but i look at the comments he made earlier, they are in line with what we are speaki of. he's not in favor of bringing a bill that cannot passis. s bipartisan. it is the only bill that is bipartisan. h's not in favor of doing something merely to make a point. the best way to send a message is to pass a bill, and if it's not bipartisa it will never pass. if you look at the qualications he has, we meet those qualifications, which is why i am told the u.s. chamber of commerce has come out in support of us. i'd like to think thatlleader macconill come on board. judy: i am trying to understand

whatht you think me an obstacle to his support, because for month after month, we have seen him resist proposals not only from speaker pelosi, but other pposals that were as much money or more money, some more than what is representedn this bipartisan proposal. at the proposals speaker pelosi put forward. th mentioned marijuana mor jobs. it had a bailout for millionaires and billionaires in big blue states. it was not a proposal meant to attract attention. i' is not bipartisan, it is a messaging bill, and that was a messaging bill. this is bipartisan. this is a bill that shads a message we can pass a bill that we care about the american people. i would not look harshly on the leader not considering the hees act because it was a messaging bill. this is a bill that can pass. judy: do you believe this can

get done by the end of next week? setor durbi says he does. are you optimistic? sen. cassidy:s there'big spending bill we have to pass, the national defense authorization act, and maybe those to come first. maybe not. i do think the progress we made, the support -- i can't emphasize enough, people fr t either side party coming up to give solutions to a problem we know -- republicans are bringing a w soluti know democrats care about, and vice versa. that is progress. githat is whas me encouragement. judy: i want to bring up a sdifferentject. a few minutes ago, interviewed a ntop elections official the state of georgia, gabriel sterling, who has, in the strongest language, condemned

the president -- what he says is the president's language that has led to threats of violence against elections officials in georgia. he called on republicans everywhere to condemn what the president is doing. are you prepared to do that? sen. cassidy: i have said that although i wished president trump to be elected, it i eclear from tctoral college awarding 270 votes to joe biden that joe biden has won.om ifne is to make allegations, they should be made in court, and they should be verifiable. if you have allegations to make which are not verifiable and do not g held up in court, it would be irresponsible. i have not followed with the president is saying. if you are going allegations, they better be supported in a legal court, and you should not make them if they

artnot sustainable in a co of law. judy: president trump as the election in georgia washat rigged,le that it is riwith fraud. he is continuing to do this. people allied with the president are making threats against elections officials in georgia and other states. who responsible for that? sen. cassidy: first, let's say this. threats of violence against others are wrong, period, end of story, and should not be made. secondly, there is a republican governor in georgia. there's a republican secretary of state, both of whom dee strong pre trump supporters, and both of whom have assured that the election process was valid. my understandi is there was a hand recount, which verified the results.

if whoever that person is has some verifiable proof ofho frau, theyd come forward now. that can be proven in court, the allegations should not be made. judy:or senill cast -- l cassidy, thank you very much. -- senator bill cassidy of louisiana, thank you very much. ♪ judy: i will show your illustrious lordship what a woman can do. those are the words of an artist, a woman who painted her way to fame in the 1600s and was largely forgotten for centuries, and more recently is getting her full recognition. now in an exhibition in london, one of the most anticipated of the year, the exhibit opened in time in november dtheose for a pandemic, but today, it reopened

to the public. jeffrey brown has the story for our ongoing arts and culture series "campus." jeffrey:ng y woman accosted by two older men demanding sex. e scene susanna and the elders from a biblical story was portrayed often by 16th and7th century painters, but never like this. in a work by thenld 17-year artemisia. >> it's the first time that woman is shown forcefully saying no to these men. it was sort of viewed as an erotic subject at the time because it shows a woman naked bathing. she does not painted thisur pict a an erotic way. i think she put so much of herself and her pictures, and she is a young 16, 17-year-old when she paints this picture, and you already see a l of the traits you would see in her

pictures, that she brings her lived experiences, but also her feminine sensibility to her bject. jeffrey: she is the curator of an exhibition atna london's onal gallery that brings together 20 paintings by artemisia gentileschi. amg them, self-portraits as a lute players a female martyr. the birth of st. john the baptist, mary magdalene in ecstasy. our team was there for the short period this fall when the exhibition was open. eit all stems from museum's 2018 purchase of its first work by artemisia, "self-portrait as saint catherine of alexaria." a recently rediscovered painting that the museum restored and took on tour in britain. also telling, artemisia is just

the a female artist in the national gallery's world-famous collection, which includes more than 700 men. >> this is also addressing something mucharger for your museum and others. >> aolutely. i think we are writing a wave of increasing interest in artemisia and women artists in general. jeffrey: she was deeply influenced by the work of her contemporary. she was trained by her father. tw of hi works are in the exhibion, but in 1611, a year after she painted "susanna and the elders," a scene she returned to several times, she was raped by one of her father's friends. the exhibition displays detailed court records of the trial, including the so-called judicial torture in which cords were

tightened around her fingers as she was questioned about the truth of her claims. the victim, once again victimized. >> the judge asked, are you willing to do this to prove you are telling the truth? she said, absolutely i am. she knows she has no other choice. what is telling is when you read her answers, she answers in these words. she said, it' true, it's true, it's true. there's a sense of her spirit that you see. she quips, this is the ringedhat you prom me, and she's referring to the fact that he promised to marry her, and instead of a wedding ring, she has these ropes around her fingers. i see a real survivor in that.se someone who is strong and challenging her oppressors. i thought it was important to show her is not a victim but as someon experience.hrough this jeffrey: he a was convicted sentenced to exile, but it was

never enforced. in fact, some of artemisia's most famous works are viewed as a revenge in paint. the exhibition brings together two versions of this painting. an almost cinematic violence with the blood spurting, the man with his eyes open, helpless in his horror. the image became a supreme court meme after christine blasey ford accusedgh judge brett kavanauf sexual assault when they we in high school. >> i felt it nded to talked about in the show in a sensitivn but not overtionalized away. she mustpsychologically, and i e putshat energy into her pictures, but i feel if you just read her pictures nsrough the

f her rape, i feel you are doing her a disservice. jeffrey: artemisia's artistry was recognized in her lifetime with works commissioned by leading families, including the brith royals. there was even a mention in thee popular netflies "the crown." >> artemisia gentileschi, jeffrey:l perso letters displayed here, including love letters to a floor time nobleman, captured her spirit. all the work you were able to look at from reading these letters, how did you come to see her as a person? >> incredibly feisty. incredibly determid. i think she had a forceful character, and you get that personality coming through her pictures. she is determined to be considered on par with other male artists. jeffrey: artemisia gentileschi

died in naples around 1654, and taste changed, her work was largely forgotten, but by all accountsgender bias played a big role, as well, women not taken sernausly in the of art history. this exhibition helps to remedy that. for those who can be there in pers, and in a virtual tour for the rest of us. for the pbs "newshour," i am jeffrey brown. ♪ ljudy: stayed with us fork at how locke can marry opportunity. first, take a moment to hear from your local judy: as you decide what your

holiday travel plans will be or won't be, most people will

carefully weigh the risks and make a you can gather all of your information, case numbers, how many peorae will gather,l time, but then there is the element chance. auth and poker player maria konta cova shares r opinion on how to strike the balance between luck and skill. maria: i went through a period in my li where it seemed like everything that could go wrong did. out of nowhere, i came down with an autoimmune disorder no one. could diagn my grandmother, totally healthy, slipped on he way to the bathroom and never woke up. my hband lost his job. we don't really think about the importance of luck in life, but all it t is a series of events totally outside of our control to make it clear just how limited our agency can be. what should we do? for an answer, i turned to a

less than traditional teacher, the game of poker. more than any experience in my life including my phd in psychology, it has taught me the crucial importance of skill and its limits. most people assume poker is luck. you can win with the worst hand and lose with the best hand. remind you of anything? turns out the actual best hand wins some 12% of the time. wh happens the other 88%? the best hand gets outplayed by superior skill. the opposite can also be true. you can make the right move, be a favorite to win, and luck can turn against you. as in life, there is no such thing as comete certainty, because poker is a game of incompte information, constantly changing, endlessly movi parts. your job is to decipher the static, make an informed choice,

and to make that choice knowing that the right decision does not guarantee a win. poker teaches you that the outcome is a result of that balance, the interplay of skill and chance coming together. if you keep making the right choices, if you keep acting thoughtfully, if you keep putting yourself in a position to win, eventually the variance will be on your side, and when and never forget that in order to win, you don't just have to play well. you also have to get very lucky. judy: that keeps us humble. thank you for that. that's the newshour for tonight. i am judy woodruff. join us online and here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs "newshour," thank you. announcer: major funding for the pbs "newshour" has been provided by -- offering no contra wirelessen

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this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and byti contris to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ this is pbs "newshour west" from weta studios in washington and the walter cronkite schoo journalism at arizona state university. [captioning performed by ton national caping institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accura .]

narrator: sleep-- we all do it. but why? matthew walker: sleep remains one of those remarkable puzzles. we've known the functions of eating, drinking, and reproducing for thousands of years.le however, s remains a mystery.va someren: why do some people ruminate all night, and other people, they see the pillow, they're gone? narrator: cutting-edge research is now giving us a new view br inside the sleepinn. phyllis zee: how can we boost and enhance sleep quality, sleep quantity?y, it's reaight now, the tip of the iceberg. narrator: if you've ever thought of sleep, think again. ravi allada: the more we learn about sleep, the more we realize that we can't dismiss it. david dinges: getting a good night's sleep