captioning sponsored py newsductions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a grim reality-- covid cases and deaths cohentinue to surge across u.s., as hospital beds become in short supply. we look at efforts to curb the economic toll. then, too much power? facebook under fire fr states claiming the social media giant needs to be reined in. plus, bearing the brunt-- how women are disproportionately bearing the cost of cot home and at work. >> i think if it wasn't for my sister helping me out, i'llt probably be the street with my kids. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's p newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us.

>> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention, in the u.s. and developing countri on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. station from viewee you.your pbs thank you. at >> woodruff: then is now

within days of approving pfizer's coronavirus vaccine, and the casualty count is adding urgency. nationwide, nearly 2,600 people died tuesday, and the overallh dell topped 288,000. canada approved the pfizer vaccine today, and inoculations have begun in britain. but, british health officials warned those subject to serious allergic reactions to wait, after two reported cases. president-elect biden today introduced retired army general lloyd austin as secretary of defense-designate. to hold that office, if american confirmed. at, some senators have questioned waivian on recently rired military officers in the secretary's job. they did waive it for presidt trump's choice of james mattis in 2017. today, in wilmington, delaware, mr. biden urged a waiver for

austin as well. >> i would not be asking for this exception had not-- i our history didn'tfor it.nt in it does call for it. i have in lloyd austin to ask for it. lieve in the importance civilian control of the military. so does the secretary-designee, austin. >> woodruff: also tonight, the newshour has confirmed that the biden pick for u.s. trade representative is katherine tai she is currently chief trade lawyer for the house ways and means committee. the president-elect's son, hunter bid, announced today that his tax affairs are under he gave no details but said he believes a review will show he has acted legally. the michigan state supreme crt has rejected another effort by president trump's allies to change the election outcome. the court refused today to seize

ballots and ballot box investigate alleged vote fraud in detroit. meanwhile, youtube said it will start removing new videos that falsely claim mass fraud in the presidential race. the federal government and 46 states sued facebook tod over alleged anti-trust violations.cc theyed the world's largest social network of stifling smaller competitors. the new york attorney general, letitia james, laid out the states' complaint, in new york city. >> we cannot let large rporations gain more and more power over our lives, through anti-competitive practices that only serve their interest, and undermine the competitive spirit of our nation and the spirit of our economy and cause harm to consumers. >> woodruff: separately, the federal trade commission demanded that facebook

sell two of its most popularrv es: instagram and whatsapp. gulators in china have ordered more than 100 mobi phone apps overhauled. it's billed as a crackdown on pornography, gambling prostitution. it's also the latest in a string of aions by the ruling communist party to control what is seen online inside china. a boeing 737 max made its first commercial flight tonce two fatal crashes grounded all of the planes 20 months ago. brazil's largest carrier, gol airlines, used a 737 max on a flight from sao paulo to porto alegre. american airlines plans to u.s. later this moplanes in the annk on wall street, stocks over worries about coronavirus infections and economic stimulus.du the dow jones rial average lost 106 points to close at 30,068.

the nasdaq fell 243 points, 2%, and, the s&p 500 slipped 29. still to come on the newshour:ak how las are scrambling to provide economic relief in the pandemic. from the frontlines: we hear from a healthcare worker on the challenges of covid why women are too often carrying the burden and economic hit in this trying time. plus much more. >> woodruff: the negotiations involve senators, house members to hammer out an economic relief bit during this pandemic, te and to updus on where it all stands is our own lisa desjardins.

so, hello, lisa. tell us, where do things stand. has there been any new movement in the last 24 hours? >> i have to say, judythese are complex negotiations to begin with. in the lst y they have become more confusing. lawmakers seem to agree on the rough amount of aid that they can pass. they don't agree on where it should go. let's look at where we stand t now. the white house yesterday made an offer that would have $600 in direct checks to most americans, but the white houswouldn't have added any unemployment benefits for those without jobs. democrats say they nd moe unemployment benefits and that states and local governmrets also need han the white house was offering. another problem: the senate republican conference is divide over most of these issues, and it's difficult to figure out whera majority of tht conference could agree. now on this question of direct yments, there has been inkrepsed momentum and discuson of adding direct payments to any deal. however, that is a costly prospect, as much as $300 billion. and it is that tol cost that

senate republicans have a problem with. so while that seems to be a popular idea, there has not been a proposal that seems t have momentum that has worked it in to everyone's satisfaction. >> woodruff: so, lisa, how much pressure from the public are these lawmakers feeling? we have the results of a new pbs newshour/npr/maris poll about what americans want congress to do here. >> we cover so much divide. so many issues in america are 50-50. not this one. in the pbs newshour/npr/maris poll, two-thirds of peopleat responded ederal government is not doing enough on coronavirus relief, and even moa, two-thirds said t congress needs to compromise, not stand on principle, but compromise. why do people feel this way? well, more and more americans are directly affected. let's look at this graphic theoe how many people told us that they or someone in their household had lo a job or

income, 40%. and when you look at how many people of color, nonte-w 49%, almost half of all the people of color in our sury said they have lost income. so very serious effects, and that's whise the pressure coming from. >> woodruff: and, lisa, looking athat poll, there we also some interesting findings about where the public is with regard to a vaccine and what they-- how they're feeling this pandemic. >> yah, let me go through these quickly. it's interesting, on the vaccine front, 61% of americans in our be vaccinate.s that they would that's a big jump report from 49% that gave us that response in just september. and there is a partisan divide on this question. so if you look aart that tisan breakdown, democrats, 75% of democrats say they would be vaccinated. but it's not just a parsan divide. it's a gender divide. republican men, 61% say they would beh kay witing

vaccinated. but 34% of republican women only would say thecy're vcinated. so something going on in gender there, possibly. but one area that everyone seems to agree with, most people, two-thirds, judy, say they now know someone who was sick or they themselves have been sick with the coronavirus. >> woodruff: so interesting and concerning, lia, as you say about that political divide over all right, lisa djardins reporting for us, thank you. >> woodruff: the bipartisan plan is not supported by al one key voice of dissent, setor bernie sanders of vermont. he wantso see money going to go directly to americans bank accounts. and he joins mnow. senator sanders thank you so much for joining us again. tell us why you think this so-called direct payment is the wachto go. how should it be? how much does it cost.

>> judy, i think you just gave the answer a moment ago. we are looking right now at the worst economic facing working people since the great depression. i mean, we're talking aboutof millionseople who have lost their jobs and their income. we're talking about tens of millions of people who face eviction. we're talking about laf half our population living pay check to paycheck. people don't have an hek. and we're seeing a rerrd-breaking level of hun in the united states of america. people can't feed their kids. this is an emergency. and an emergency, it is obligatory for the united state governme to respond the pain and needs of its people. now, the bill that we are discussing right now has some but it is, in terms of newure. foney-- it's a $900 billion bill-- in termsew money as opposed to the money carriedca over from thees act, it's like $350 billion.

democrats have demanded over $2 trillion. what this bill does not do is provide one nickel in directen pato adults-- and i want to see1,200, $500 for kids-- and it only has $300 ea wek for unemployment supplement. so we've got to do a lot than that if in fact we're going to address the very serious econom problems facing our people. >> woodruff: well, you don't dem to have aemocratic leadership on boardith this yet, as you know. but what i want to ask you about is the fact that some republicans are with you. conservative electronic senator josh hawley of new jersey is pushing the white house hard, d no doubt influenced the white house to say it favorsme direct pas. how odd-- how usual is it for you to be on the same side of this argument with him? >> well, you know, want truth is, i think when pushed, for

whatever reason, donald trump will, in fact, end uprt supg a $1,200 direct payment f working class people in this country. and i think you're rig s. we havme republican support. and you have, i think, at the end of the day, an overwhelming majority of democratic senatorsh who want to dos. but what has to happen right now, we have got to have the backbone to say very simply, we are not leaving washington, we're not going home for the christmas holidays unless we stand with the working families ofhis country who are in such terrible distress right now >now. >> woodruff: again, senator, you have democratic-- democrats in the leadership, speaker pelosi, minority leader chuck schumer in the senatying it's more important at this point to get money out there in the form of unemployment benefits, rather than these direct payments-- which was something they earlier supported. so how are you going to square

this circle? how do you see this com together? >> well, pay attention. we're taking a hard look at the senate rules. i ink-- i didn't seethe results of your poll, but my guess is if you ask the american people w tther or not ats etrrible moment in terms of our economy, r the united states government should be providing direct assistance, as did a number of months ago in the cares act, i thnk it would beorverwhelming su for that. got to do.k that is what we have >> woodruff: and, senator, you're asking, as you said a onute ago, fr a lof money, a lot more money than many members are comfortable with. our poll is showing most americans, more than 60% of them, want to see compromise. are you prared to settle for something smaller just to get someth wg passed? l, judy, as you may recall, it wasn't so manyonths ago where mr. minew rochellein, representing thede pre, was willing to go to $1.i8 trllion.

and right now we're at $900 billion and $350 billion in new money. there has been not only a ormpromise, i think major, maj concessions on the part of the democrats. all i am asking for is another $300 billion to $400 billion to make sure every working class adult in this country gets a check of $1,200, kids $500, in the midst of this terrible economic crisis. tlig well, there's no doubt this has looked a l like a roller coaster over the last month months, senator, since the house passed legislation back in-- back in may. but one other arganument i to s ise with you quickly against direct payme-- is those saying that what they do is they end up helping pple who may not all need help, that the most direct way to get it to the people who need money the most is to go with unemployment benefit for people who are out

>> judy, it's not either/or. it is both. and one of theroblems of the president's proposal the other day, they did away with virtually all supplementary aid for unemployment. that is outrageous.ot you'veillions and millions of people today who are unemployed, they have no income. we cannot turn our back on them. but let me just say this: you been in congress for a fewang years, that when the government wants money for war, there's trlz of dollars available. you want tax brea for billionaires, we have a trillion dollars for the 1% and large corporations. you want corporate welfare for the fossil fuel industry? we'v agot hundreds of billio year. but when it comes to making sure that the children in this country don't go huny, suddenly everybody is very worried about money. well, this is an unpre idented mome american history. we've got a pandemic. we have an economic cisis. now is the time, not to turn oue backs onle who are

suffering. and what i am asking for is, in fadest. it is less than what the democratic leadership asked forn several s ago and less than what the white house agreed to. >> woodruff: well, we will certainly see what happens, both among the democratic leadership and among the republicans. senator bernie sanders, we thank you very much. >> thank you, judy. >> woodruff: the surge of covid cases in the u.s. isng tremendous pressure on hospitals and healthcare workers.0 more than 100,ople around the country are hospitalized because of covid at the moment. that's double the amount compared to the start of november according to the covid tracking project. texas and the southwest haverl been particustruggling with the pandemic.

and that's where amna nawaz focuses our attention tonight., >> nawaz: jut's look at how this is playing out in the lone star state. more than 9,000 people are hospitalized, nearly a thirdn intensive care, and texas' death toll is now above 23,000. things are particularly dire in el paso, but cases are spiking acro the state, including in and around houston. that is where we find doctor richina bicette,f baylor college of medicine. she's an emergency room physician treating covid patients. doctor, welcome to the newshour and thank you for being with us. we can't be inside the hospitals yo see what you see every da upon. take us inside. describe what it looks likee what, itls like, and do you have what you need to do your job right no? >> awm na, that's an interesting question. do i have enough verntularities? sure. do i have enough oxygen tanks, yes. but i don't have the staff that i need to take care of all of

the patients that seeing. i don't have the answers to all of the questions that my patients are asking cause of the large degree of uncertainty that surrounds thise e. so in terms of equipment, we may have what we need, but there are still a lot of othaer things tht we're missing in terms of taking care of covid patients. >> obama: wwe have seen vast disparity, we know communities have been hit the hardest. are you seeing the same thing in >> absolutely. in the state of texas we have a large hispanic poulation. el paso county is actually 22% hispanic. so definity the areas that are being hit hardest are made up of a t ofhese minority communities. african americans and hispanics are two times moreiky to be diagnosediagnosed with covid-19. they're about four times more likely to be hospitalized with covid. and they're almost three times more likely to die from covid-19. so this diease is definitely

affecting some communities more than others. do yonou w why you're seeing cases rising the way thaw they are is any of this because of the thanksgiving travel we saw? seeing a spike from thanksgiving just yet, and that's actually horrifying. just yesterday, we hit over 213,000 new cases of covid in a ngle day, and that's withouting us having yet to really realize the spike tha coming from thanksgiving. i think what's happening is that a lot of people are expiencing pandemic fatigue. if they have yet to be affected, they think that they can't be affected, so they're continuing to go out. stancing.ot social they're gathering with friends and family member who are not in the same household. people are not wearing maks. businesses are open. and as people continue to go out, they continue to getsi er. you and your colleagues? the cases that y see are the worst of the worst. after all these many months, the better parof a year now, treating these patients, what's the cumulativel tol, both

emotional and mental? >> i can't even begin to speak on whaelpeople are fg right now. it's not just mental. it's not just emotional. but it's physical, also. we're putting in g hours. there are colleagues of mine that have been out sick for weeks, and some of them months, so we're having to pick up thet br their shifts and work extra hours because of that. there's not a shifthat i go into the hospital on't have to remind staff members to pull their masks up or to mak sure that they're distancing in the break room when talking to colleagues. there's not a shift that a nurse isn't calling me into a roombe use a patient is argumentive, and they don't understand why they need to have a mask on. aside from pandemic fatigue, i think a lot of medical professionals are exasperated because we're seeing people ntinue to travel. we're seeing people continue to go out and dine at restaurants. and we know that ll of this is contributing to the sickness, to the death toll, to the hospitalization rate. and we don't know what else to do to get the public to

understand. r. bicette, in just a few seconds left, when you look at what leaders in texas other and places are doing, is enough eeing done to stop and slow th spread of the virus right now? >> absolutely not. it's not about what the leaders. are doi it's about what they're not doing. there are still places in texas where businesses are lowed to operate at 75% capacity. there are still place where's bars are open. "the new england journal of medicine" probably one of the scientific journalthecognized world, wrote a piece on it, called "dying in a leadership vaxume" where they stated our they failed this test and turned crisis into tragedy.na >> dr. ricicette on the front lines of that tragedy in houston, texas, thank you for all you do and for joining us tonight. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: facebook is one of the most valuable companies in

the world. but its dominance is t subject of major new anti-trust actions. a pair of lawsuits filed by the federal trade commission, and 46 states, along with the district of columbia and the territory of guam allege facebook used its power illegally to drive out competition and buy out rivals, specifically instaam and whatsapp. phil weiser is the attorney general of colorado. a democrat, who was part of this lawsuit. he joins us now. mr. attorney general, thank you so much for being here. and i should say, wfore we begiwant to note, for the record, that the khan zuckerberg initiative founded by facebook's mark zuckerberg and his wife are a newshour furpd, that organization. to yo mr. attorney general, tell us what it is that you and the others who are part of this lawsuits by the states allege that facebook has doneil gally. >> judy, it's a pleasure to be

here. wee bringing thilawsuits because facebook embarked on a campaign. they were either going touy its most-challenging rivals or it was going to bury them. and that was well-designed campaign. and what would happen is if you were a threatening upstart, like instagram, like whatsapp, you could be purchased. alternatively, if you refused to sell out, they would cut you ofi acsos a discriminate or basis and undermine your ability to compete in the maketplace. the result is facebook doesn't face competition. they don't have to prode as good a product, including as good of privacy protections. anwe don't have the innovation. that is the american way, that helps provide br products and services for customers. >> woodruff: so specifically, you're saying-- this is something au're sayingebook did systematically at one time? be a little bit morec. speci >> sure thing. starting a little less than a decade ago, facebook was in a

dominant position in the social networking space, they had asserted their dominance. they had come to basically be p the go-ace. their plan is we don't want to face competition, so we can either buy out the would-be rivals or wean undermine their able to compete, choking all of their air supply. so that was the campaign they had. two of the most notable threats they faced were instagram and whatsapp. they purchased those companies. and they engiaged in ths effort to cut off others so they couldn't be effectiveivals. >> woodruff: so they-- today, and i know you'reent familiar with it. they say this is all about punishing a successful business. they what ty did with instagram and whatsapp, that they becameopular products-- the popular products they are because facebook invested billions of dollars in them and years innovation and expertise to develop tem. that is at least the surface of

their argument. >> we ha ave different explanation for what's going on here,s which both companies were on stellar trajectories, designed very fectively in a powerful niche where they could erode facebook's dominance. and when facebook purchased them, facebook then managed the prodts to remain in a space that wouldn't underminemi facebook's dnt position. and so facebook has squelched competition through these cpurchases, and that is,ed, a core part of our case, as well as, of coursdermining other rivals who refuse to sell out. >> woodruff: so thnstagram takeover happened in 2012. the whatsapp in1 204. why has it taken all these years to pull these-- this lawsuits, or these lawsuits together? >> under the antitrust laws, mergers can be conducted for purposes of maintaining a monopoly. and there have been past case where's that's happened.

what we've done here is we've done a thorough lookback. we've sought to explain why is facebook this dominant firm that's not facing competitive threats? d part of the answer was this strategy of acquisitions, alongm with a comt to bury those who refuse to sell out. so we're bringing what is an together a chain of events, a campaign by facebook, that we see asanticompetitive and violating antitrust laws. >> woodruff: as we reported, mr. weiser, the federal trade commission today anounced a similar lawsuits again facebook. among other things, they are-- they would require, if they're successful, tht facebook divest its assets, including instagram and whatsapp. is that what your lawsuits is also asking them to do, essentlly to break up facebook? >> judy, we have two different tegories of the remedies that we seek to restore competition and to ge con tsume benefits of a competitive

marketplace. first, awns, divesting illegally acquired companies that were acquired for the purposes of squelching competition. number two, provide reliable, nondiscriminate or access to facebook's platform so facebook can't use this as a tool to undermine and threaten would-be rivals, as it has done so in the past. >> woodruff: and are you saying they could do this without essentially breaking the company up. >> well, the divestiture is, iff you will,rm of taking a piece of the company-- instagram now a part of facebook, whatsapp a part-- and theyould be sold off to rivals so they could be used as a basis forr thtening facebook's dominance. facebook is allowed to compete on the merits. that's th american way. what they're not allowed to do is acquire other companies to prevent them from facing real threats, or cut off access in discriminate or way so that companies are unable to compete against them. t >> woodrufe attorney general for the state of colorado, phil weiser.

we thank you very much for joining us.nk >> thaou, judy. appreciate it. >> woodruff: today the army iefed senior commanders on a new independent report that details widespread, systemic problems at fort hood, texas, including a culture that allows sexual assault in the ranks. the report, released yesterday, was ordered aftegruesome murder of specialist vanessa guillen, who was stationed at fort hood. the report led to the removal or suspension of 14 commanders. nick schifrin has the details. >> schifrin: it's a report the secretary of the army says, goes beyond one base and one person. >> this report, without a doubt, will cause the army to change our cultur >> schifrin: the independent panel found fort hood's command ineffectively implemented the military's sexual harassment/assault response and prevention program, or sharp,

left serious crimes unaddressed and ran an inefficient criminal investigations division response, the army relieved or suspended more than a dozen commanders, including major general scott efflandt, fort hood's now-former commander. it took a murder for ty to investigate and admit its problems. vanessa guillen was a 20-year- old ivate who'd wanted to join the military since she was young. guillen told her family she was harassed by a higher ranking soldier, but fort hood had a culture of retrition, so she was too scared to report it. she went missing in april. two months later her body was b founned and partially dismembered. >> schifrin: earlier today i spoke to army under secretary james mcpherson. >> we have failed. leadership has failed our junior soldiers, men d women at fort hood. but we're not naive. we think that that meaht be r than fort hood. and so today, every general officer in theommand position and their senior enlisted received a copy of the report. the action taken yesterday by individuals that wther4

relieved or suspended is unprecedented. the army has neva had that wide ipe, if you will, of holding senior members accountable inhi itory. we believe that sent a profound message throughout the army, throughout leadership of the army, like a tsunami wave. >> schifrin: the rort criticizes fort hood's implementation of the programed desio prevent and improve sexual assault reporting but acknowledges, "many of those most closely involved in the sharp program at fort hood lacked confidence in most aspects of the program."t >> i believe te real problem that we saw at fort hood was the implementation of the sharp program at the lower levels of the command. leaders at every echelon of the command weren't paying attention, weren't carefully monitoring how that information implementation was taking place at every echelon of command. and when you got down to the company level at fort hood, it wasn't being implemeed at all. >> schifrin: the report emphasized women at fort hood were afraid to report because

aevious cases of harassme assault, had gone unpunished. independent review committee womber carrie ricci. >> and then othen would say, because of what happens to this soldieri wouldn't feel comfortable coming forward. so there was an overnse that, there is that reluctce to report because, who is going to believe us? especially for a junior enlisted woman. >> one of the things the army has depended upon its success for decades and decades has been trust that our junior soldiers anhad in their chain of co trust in every level of their chain of command. we recognize now at fort hoo that trust was lost because women were afraid to report. when they did report, they perceived nothing was happening. when they did report, they perceived that therehey were being targeted in response to that. it will convince leadersp that they need to take ownership of what's going on. they need to take ownership, that they're responsible for the safety and the health of their men and women that are under their command. >> schifrin: several piece legislation exist that would

remove the chain of command from the decision to prosecute sexual harassment and abuse claims. the military opposes that. >> i think the chain of comman is essenti to ensuring good order andiscipline among our formations. and although there's every indication that we failed, t leadership failed to do that at fort hood and perhaps other installations as well. you take it out of the hands of the commander, eveually the commander, not today, maybe not tomorrow, but eventually the longer belongs to me. say it no it's no longer my problem. it's some other agencies problem. >> schifrin: and now for a different rspective we turn to retired colonel ellen haring. she had a 31-year carethe army, and is now a research fellow at the service women's action network. welcome back to the newshour. you heard under secrery mcpherson say the army believes these problems might be greater than fortod. is there any doubt about that? >> absolutely not. and i think that disqualifying it like that is just very narro minded. we've known about these problems

since 2014 when constgress fir started making the army document the problem of sexual assault in the military. this is not new. and as recently as 2017, a rand rert pointed specifilly to fort hood as being a specific problem and the base with the highest rate of sexual harassment and sexual assault across the army. >> schifrin: so yesterday we heard the armyy secretary sa that the report identified things that "we had not seen previously," as you just said you've been following thirs years. hasn't the army known about these problems for that many years? >> absolely. and the ea that this is unknown is absurd to me. not only has an organization like mine was creed in direct response to these problems, but women have been telling their sphrs decades stories for decades. ... joined the army in 1979. certainly we experienced these problemsmyhroughout ntire career. but it was more recently that it's been brought to the fore y

mostly women, who have challeed thest existinatus quo across the services. and there have been just a ries, subsequent series after series after series of these scandals across the military services, and cerinly in the my. it's absurd to characterize this as something new. chifrin: in response to this report, the army has suspended or relieved 14 commanders. is that sufficient? >> no but it is certainly one of the first times that they've and will send a strong message. but they-- i was-- i'm very upcept the by te relief of 14 that included enlisted men.hood, first of all, this is a broad, systemic problem thashld be carried by the officers who lead those enlisted men. to relieve enlisted men,at -- to me, that's shirking the responsibility at the highest levels. i'd like to see senior commanders relieved, the third corps commander was not

relieved. in fact only his deputy was relieved.the previous third cors commander when all these he not being considered for ais sanction or punishment. he's now gone on to another star. so commander after commander after commander has had this problem at fort hood. none of them have addressed it.' instead,usually a stepping stone to another star. >> schifrin: let's talk about thelitary's sexual assault program designed to increase reporting and prevent sexual assault. you heard under secretary the program's implementation, not the program itself. do you agree? >> i wouldn't blame the problem on the program itself. i would blame it he leadership that is required to execute the program. so i donk thihat there are fundamentally good things about the program. but if leadership isn't involved, doesn't care about itt it's goibe one of those things that never gets actually inplemented. anhis case, there were

broad-based leadership aailures, buain, it's not isolated to fort hood. this is across the army. >> schifrin: whent comes to solutions, you heard under secretary mcprson saying keeping the chain of command in the investigation process keepsc commandersountable. do you think the investigations process should be removed from the chain of command? >> absolutely. we've long advocatedr removing commanders from the investigative process. un, they alway say that it goes to good order and discipline. but i'd like to point to manesy militahat do not have commanders in their chain of command, like the brit. the brits-- commanders in the british army do not get o make the decision abou awhen how crimes are prosecuted. and they don't have a problem with good order aind disci in the british army. so why is it that we would have that problem in the u.s.? unless we have poor leadership. good order and discipline is the result of good leadership. and, clearly, there s a failure of leadership here. there's been a failure of leadership on this topic for decades. >> schifrin: ellen haring,

thank you very much. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: we want to look now at what the pandemic is doing to women in the workplace and the distinct burdens they are uncing. a recent survey roughly a quarter of women were considering reducing hours, or leaving the workforceing jobs altogether. two million women have dropped out of the labor force in the last year.ul olman has the "making sense" story, and as part of our "chasing the dream" series on poverty and opportunity iner a. >> the day that ouemschool synnounced that our children were going to be starti resignation.rned in my >> reporter: nurse and mother of three shannon nieman to watch the kids in august. in october, retail worker and

single mom of two michelle perez s let go. >> because it was no longer convenient for them to actuallyt accommthe schedule that worked for me. >> reporter: gabriela villagomez-morales, also single, worked at a daycare center until it closed in march. >> i think if it wasn't for my probably be out intreeti'll with my kids. >> reporter: when travel to maui halted, so too did jessica oyanagi's tourist-depeent photography business. >> i never thought at 40 i'd be on unemployment, food stamps, living with my parents at this age at this time of my life. >> reporter: just some of the faces of the so-called "she- cession." >> in the 2008 recession, people called it a man cession because it was men's jobs that went first. that's because we were losing jobs and construction and finance, places where men tend to dominate. >> reporter: economist betsey stevenson says the gender dimension of this recession different. >> we lost jobs in retail and leisure and hospitality and in

hospitals and health care services. and those are all jobs where women hold the majority of the jobs and they actually got the majority of the layoffs. >> reporter: after the greatce ion of ¡08, the economy shifted away from male-dominated manufacturing to female-heavy services, says economist, mom and blogger diane lim. >> people seem to get more pleasure out of experiences and buying experiences and buying services, than bkeing things buying a big houser or all these really people intensive jobs, those were exactly the jobs that got hammered >> reporter: it's interesting because in stories i've done in the past, the safe jobs were the face to face jobs. >> right. all those things that we considered essential services atre exactly the services we were told, look, you can't do that rig now because it's not safe to be so close to other people. >> reporter: perhaps nobody knows the risk better than direct care workers.

like single mom catherine namisango. in april her manager told her to assist a cid-positive patient. >> and i think about it and i say, you know, i don't have any other job. i don't have any other income. and my kids, they have to eat.e they h. i have to pay my rent. i have to pay my bills. so i have to do this job. >> reporter: did you get coronavirus? >> yeah, i had coronavirus. >> reporter: did your kids get it too? >> all of us, all of us. we were covid positive. because our house is small. we use the same bathroom, the same toilet, the same kitchete >> rep women are being disproportionately hit in another way. take jessica oyanagi, whose tourist-based business went bust. >> if i want to tro find just like a traditional 40 hour week job, that would be pretty much impossible at this point in time. >> reporter: why?e becausshe's caring for her young daughters. as schools and daycare centers across the country remain closed, mothers are forced to >> my husband is an essential

worker. he's a welder. he's contied to work throughout t pandemic. so, i mean, it's a pretty black and white choice. >> reporte shannon niemann quit her dream job as a lactation nurse to tend to her school-age kids while her husband managed his business. a ministry. felt like my job was that's how much i loved it. when i had to make the choice to leave, i mean, i cried. but my husband also has a responsibility to his 13 workers and all of their families. >> reporter: according to the census bureau women are three times more likely than men to have left their job because of childcare during the pandemic. >> i think it's amplifying the inherent bias not just in the economy, but in our households. if kids are relying on moms to make sure that they get out the door in the morning more than they relying on dads, that's a small gap. but if the kids are relying on mom to get them all the way through the school day becauseey e doing school from home, that's a giant gap.

>> reporter: economist melissa t kearneeted a recent exchange with her children:" why don't any of you bothersk dad?" she. the response: "he's not as useful." moms are more than three times as likely as dads to do most of the work at home. it's unpaid and thus not event counted in g.d.p. but consider the work women do that is counted. >> they get the majority of college degrees. they get the majority of advanced degrees. and not only tcot, but they're ng at the top of their classes. you literally cannot have a v shaped recovery if we don't get the women back. >> reporter: but the hardest hit moms are the 15 million raisseg kids by thes. after gabriela villagomez morales lost her daycare job, she and her four kids moved in with her sister, where she's been helping them with online school. >> with my second second grader. i am sitting right next to her >> reporter: what would she what would she be doing if you weren't sitting next to her? >> probably go to youtube and play other games and not focus on what she's doing.

>> reporter: but if you get a job, then who takes care of the kids? >> i would have to find some... i don't know, it's hard. >> reporter: are you sort of just trying not to think about it? >> and get mysf overwhelmed. >> reporter: single momichelle perez but with her kids at home doing virtual school, she couldn't t woours she used to. that's why she was laid off. >> my son was supposed to starti ergarten so i could actually go back to school and start working more. but here we are. i'm y struggling with trying to learn as much as i try. it's not working. >> reporter: so how are you getting by? >> my roommate, and so he is actually completely taking care of us for the most part through all of this. and, you know, that is very harp to kind of abecause i kind of feel like, yoknow, i'm not contributing to my family at all and then i'm putting him in this position that he also shouldn't be in. >> reporter: women account for

two-thirds of the job losses in retail. the economic implication in stevenson's view? >> i think we are creating a system with worse inty than we already have today. and we're ready in a pretty unequal society. >> reporter: michelle perez and her kids have a long road ead. >> this was supposed to be the time where i was able to really start working towards changing our lives. and now this is going to set me back for years. like i have income coming in, but i'm in debt. i don't know how i'm gonna change that. t >> reporter: f pbs newshour, this is paul solman. rt woodruff: we continue with our week-long reg on the challenges facing former prisoners with bryan stevenson,

an american lawyer, so justice activist, and founder of the equal justice initiative. kelly corrigan, host of pbs' "tell me more," spoke to stevenson about his life's work and what he believes americans should be talking about around it's part of our special series, "searching for justice." >> once in aeneration, someone comes along and holds up a giant mirror and asks us to look at the totality of o we are as a country. that's the story of bria stevenson's life, a harvard law school superstar who spent the first 18 months after graduation that he could represent people with no money and only the tiniest sliver of hope. 30 years later, he's still at it. along with his colleagues at the equal justice initiative, he's still taking the kinds of cases he documented. so unforgettably and his 2014, best-selling memoir just mercy. >> i went to law school because i was concerned about inequality

and injustice and it didn't seer like those werrities in my first year of law school and it was really only in my second year of law school, that things turned around. i drove down to jackson, georgia, which is where death row is and they brought this man ine.nd he had chains everywh and they unchained this man.t and i nervous that when he walked over to me, i just said, i'm so sorry. i'm just a law student.ny i don't knowing about the death penalty. i don't know anything about criminal procedure, but h sent me doe to tell you that you're not at risk of execution anytime in the next year. and i never will forget that, man, just slowing me down and saying, wait, wait, wait, say that again. and i said, you're not at risk of execution anytime in the next year. c and sed his eyes and he said, wait, wait, say that again. and said, you're not at risk of execution anytime in the next year. and that's when that man grabbed

my hands and he looked me dead in the eye. and he said, thank you, th you, thank you. and i couldn't believe how, even in my ignorance, just being esent, just showing up could make a difference in the quality of someone's life. and it taught me something really important about being present about proximity.ng he started to i'm pressing on the upward way. new heights, i'm gaining every day, still praying as i'm all word bnd. and then he said, lord, plant my feet on higher ground. and when i heard that man saying me.ything changed f that's when i knew i wanted to help condemned people get to and in that instant, my interest in the law wit radicalized. so clear to me that we aren all more te worst thing we've ever done. i think if someone tells a lie,t they're not liar and they should not have to go through branded only as a i think if someone takes something, they'reot just a thief to, even if you kill

meone, you're not just a killer and we can't do justice until we understd the othe things you are. we have a generation of kids, poor kids that by the time they're five have trauma disorders, what you're trying to do with kids is you're trying to make them feel human again. but when you're told you're a prisoner, when you're told you're worthless, when youe been condemn to die in prison, you're basically bng told your life has so litt meaning. so little purpose, a little value. we're not going to let you have that life. and you know, for me, it's allowing people to be human despite the tragedy of a past crime or despite the tragedy of the injustice, despite the tragedy of what we've done to people, kids that's especially. so i never pretended to be just their lawyer. i didn't, they didn't want me to be just their lawyer and i never tried to pretend that that was my role. i'm just as professional. you know, a lot of, of my young clients need me to be a brother

or a dad ouncle or whatever. and i embrace that becaube i eve to be an effective advocate. i have to go with where they are. years of represedeing people on h row, w we won a case that endlet deated the death penaltyr per v simmons in 2005 banned the execution of children. and when we told them they weren't going to be executed, it wasn't joy. it's like, oh, i'm just going to die in prison. and i recognized that that wasn't right either. so we quickly began thinkingat about now e've kind of eliminated that problem. how do we, how do we think about challenging life without parole for children? >> and it is like, it is a death sentence, yeah. >> however, harsh life without parole is for an adult.

it's doubly hard for a 13 year old or a 14 year old. that means their time wi incarceratio be even longer. it's just so irrational, right? because we don't let kids drink we don't let koke because we recognize that children are changing. they're evolving, their maturity hasn't fully arrived. the children, i was representing places convicted, were getting harsher sentences than adults would come in at the same crime, because we were fascited with this idea of a super predator child. and that's how we then created this lal landscape where every state in the country lowered the minimum age for trying children as adults. there are 13 stes that have no minimum age for trying a childas n adult, which means that i've represented nine year old kids facing adult sentences, dedes of adult imprisonmen >> what conversations do you feel lik

every family could be having around the dinner table right now? >> the highest rate of incarceration in the world. and nobody seems to give any thought to that. you know, having six million people on probation and paro really paralyzes whole sectors of our community, that we have 70 million americans that have criminal arrests histories. and that then makes it harderfo them to get loan to jobs is a real crisis, right? when the bureau of justice said in 2001, the projection is that one in three black male babies born is expected to go to jail or prison. but what was even more shocking was the absence of any reactiont and , what's so difficult cause we are capable of responding to a threat to our lives. we're in that response mode now, when we go to the doctor, we don't want the doctor to just tell us about one part of the sease. we need to know everything, but

somehow in the justice context, we act as if there's a limit to how much we should know or understand. and, and that's just not healthy.wa and part of ththat i think our nation will recover from our 400 year history of injuste of racism and bigotry is, is if we find the courage to embrace it all, to hear it all. >> so a thing that you talk about a lot is the ways that we affect one another and i just want to say that you've had a tremendous effect on me and my kids and super grateful >> thank you. that means a lot. ch i appreciate that. >> woodruff: so o think about, and thank you, too, bryan stevenson and kelly corrigan. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, pe stay safe, and see you soon.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> you can do the things you like to do with a wirelessorlan designedou. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> we'd be closer to the twins. >> change in plans. >> at fidelity, changing plans is always partf the plan. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of sodwal change woe.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group a.wwgbh acceh.org

♪ ♪ thompson: horses and humans have traveled through time... as partners. buamthe wild animal we ted long ago... ♪ buam...has now become we teover 400 breeds. ♪ and they couldn't be more different. ♪ my name is niobe thompson.nt i'm an aopologist. i'm amazed at the incredible diversity of horses. ♪ [ neighing ] ♪