captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, face time-- we talk with the c.d.c. director about new guidelines allowing fully vaccinated americans to gather indoors without masks. then, rising fears of war-- the fighting between israelis and palestinians grows increasingly deadly as rocket attacks and air strikes continue. plus, gas panic-- the major pipeline halted by a ransomware attack gradually begins to manually reopen, but fuel shortages remain across the southeast. and, brazil in crisis-- we discuss the increasingly dire coronavirus situation with the

country's former president. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> at fidelity, changing plans is always part of the plan. >> the kendeda fund. committed to advancing restorative justice and meaningful work through investments in transformative

leaders and ideas. more at kendedafund.org. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: fully-vaccinated americans will now be able to go mask-free indoors in most places and outdoors in crowds. that's according to new guidance out today from the centers for disease control and prevention. it is a big change as the country tries to move to a more-routine rhythm. but the c.d.c. still advises wearing but they still advise wearing masks in crowded indoor settings like public transit, hospitals, and prisons. president biden marked the milestone. he asked americans to be tolerant of different attitudes as public behavior changes. >> be patient with one another. you know, some may say i just feel more comfortable continuing to wear a mask. they may feel that way. so if you're someone with a mask, you see them, please treat them with kindness and respect. if you're fully vaccinated and can take your mask off you've

earned the right to do something that americans are known for all around the world, greeting others with a smile. >> woodruff: c.d.c. director doctor rochelle walensky green- lit the new guidance today, and joins me now. the newshour. so this is a big change. what is the new information that led to this? and how do you know it's right? >> good evening, judy. thanks for having me. you know, there are several things that re all happening at exactly the same time, which i think really motivated us to move forward. the first sover the last two weeks, our case rates in the country have come down by about a third, likely very much due to the scale-up of vaccinations that we've been able to do. second is that, you know, we have new science now that basically shows that the vaccine is working. its effectiveness in real-world settings outside of the trial, outside of our trials has demonstrated that it works just as well as it did in the trials, that these vaccines are working

against variants. and that if you are vaccinated, you're very unlikely to be able to get asymptomatic disease, and, therefore, transmit to other people. so the science sort of all coalesced at the same time. and finally, we're at a place in this country right now where everyone is eligible to get a vaccinate if you're over the age of 12. and it's available. we fortunately have supply right now, that it's available to everyone who is eligible. you can text 438829 and put in your zip code. when you do that, you will see five vaccination sites near you that you can get a vaccine. >> woodruff: so just to be clear, people who have been fully vaccinated can now go, what, to the grocery store, to restaurants, to bars, to a friend's bthday party without wearing a mask? >> we believe, based on the science and the data that we have access to, that fully vaccinated people will be safe in doing those activities. now, what i want to say is we still are deferring to the local

jurisdiction to make local policy. so, for example, we do suggest that local jurisdictions look at their own vaccination rates, look at their own case rate in their area, because the country is not uniform with regard to both cases and vaccine scale-up, and to make some of those policies locally. but the data have now demonstrated to us that it's safe for vaccinated people to take off their masks. >> woodruff: so people do need to pay attention to their local guidance, as well as what they're hearing from the c.d.c. and what about in terms of where still people should be careful? package transportation, and you're saying big crowds indoors, but everywhere outdoors is okay. >> yeah. we're really-- you know, this was-- the move today was really to talk about individuals and what individuals are safe doing. the hard work that we have ahead of us at c.d.c. is to now take our guidance in each individual setting and apply the guidance that we released today to each of these individual settings. what does this mean for

transport and for our travel corridors? what does this mean for schoo? what does this mean for child care centers? what does this mean for many other set snings stow that's had the hard work we have ahead of us. >> woodruff: dr. walensky, i'm sure you know people will be coerned. okay, i will be able to go out without a mash. i'm fully vaccinated, but there may be others without a mask who have not been vaccinated. and what is my risk from them in this new world, this new set of guidelines? >> so, if you are fully vaccinated, e risk is extraordinarily low. and that was why, basedolt base based onthe studies, we hae risk to the vaccinated person is extraordinarily low. i want to emphasize if unvaccinated people choose to take off their mask and they have not been vaccinated, then the risk to them is still the same as it was before. so we really want to empower people to take these-- this responsibility into their own

hands. if you are unvaccinated, please get vaccinated to decrease that risk. and if you don't choose to be vaccinated, then please continue to wear a mash and practice all of the mitigation strategies. >> woodruff: this truly is an honor system, is it not? we heard president biden say today there aren't going to be enforcement mechanisms. they're not going to go around arresting people who haven't been vaccinated who are not wearing a mask. >> more than calling it an honor system, i might say people are responsible for their own health. if you are vaccinated, then you take that responsibility, and you decide whether you want to wear a mask. it's a very personal decision, or whether you don't. we believe that it's safe to take your mask off, and we felt that was important information for the public to have. if you're not vaccinated, that's, again, taking your responsibility for your own health into your own hands. and we would say protect yourself. we would recommend vaccination, and not, then i would recommend

wearing a mask. >> woodruff: two other particular areas i want to ask you about. for people who have underlying health conditions, they've been fully vaccinated, but they have those health conditions, whether it's diabetes or some respiratory issue, are these guidelines still for them? >> so, i think there's an important question there. for the most part, our vaccination studies and effectiveness studies have really demonstrated that for people with some of these underlying health conditions, that they really-- the vaccines have worked quite well, 99 people who are in long-term care facilities, the vaccines are working actually quite well. it is the case that science has started to emerge that if you are immune compromised-- for example, if you have had an organ transplant or if you have cancer, if you're undergoing chemotherapy-- the vaccines in those populations might not be as protective as in people who are underlyingly healthy. so what we would recommend is for those with immune-compromising conditions,

as well as, really, any other conditions that affect your health, that put you at high risk of disease, that you consult your doctor before you take o your mask. >> woodruff: and another area i know there are a lot of questions has to do with children-- indoorsoutdoors, children of all ages. we now know down to age 12, the vaccines are available. what about for young children? people are asking about summer camp, all kinds of situations? what's the guidance now for them? >> right. so it is very clear that in the context of the last 24 hours, where we have a new vaccine now for 12-15-year-olds and this new guidance being able to unmask if you're vaccinated. we do need to update our camp guidance. what i would say for the younger children, those who can't get vaccinated right now is that we would still recommend we treat them as if they are unvaccinated, and that they should wear masks. >> woodruff: and for them, outdoors, though, no mask. is that what you're saying?

>> outdoors, right. so the same strategies really apply. if you're outdoors, if you're in small gatherings, if you're mixing with people in your household or another household outdoors, same principles apply, then you could take off your mask in outdoor settings. if you're wrestling, if you're gathered over a soccer ball breathing heavily, lots of kids you don't know, we would still recommend masking in those settings. >> woodruff: finally, dr. walensky, again, criticism in the last few days, weeks, the c.d.c. guidelines have recently been confusing. is this in part an effort to make it clear to people where things stand because there have been so many questions from people from all directions saying they don't know what they're supposed to do? >> i'm hopeful that this won't be confusing guidance. my motivation-- our motivation as an agency for putting the science forward is because our cases are down, our vaccines are available, and the science is

where it should be. we are-- we are working towards making guidelines that every american can understand, can easily understand. but we are motivated by the science at this agency. >> woodruff: dr. rochelle walensky, director of the centers for disease control and prevention. thank you very much. we appreciate it. >> thanks for having me. >> woodruff: the battle between israel and hamas is still raging tonight, and it may get much worse. the two sides say more than 100 palestinians and seven israelis have died in four days of rocket attacks and air raids. john yang has the latest. >> tanks headed for the border with gaza as israeli military officials say they have begun a

ground assault into the palestinian enclave. earlier the israeli defense minister approved the call-up of 9,000 more reservists and israel face aid new threat from the north. rockets were fired from lebanon, towards northern israel, according to military officials in both nations. this comes after violence among citizens and police in mixed arab israeli cities. this new wave of unrest between arab and jewish israelis raises the specter of civil conflict. >> ( translated ): peopl >> ( translated ): people are doing whatever they want, torching, looting, hitting. we are on the verge of an abyss. this is not a way to manage a country. >> ( translated ): we need to live here together. co-existence, we need to be together, partners, to be partners to each other. >> yang: in bat yam, just south of tel aviv, a stunned arab shop owner returned to her damaged ice cream parlor. a jewish mob had attacked the business late yesterday.

>> ( translated ): we've been living here for years, and we did not expect something like this. a lot of people supported us, but even so they did it, because we speak arabic. we are here for 20 years, with jewish residents, neighbors, family, friends, all sorts. entrance to lod. some 100 arabs came up to me and asked me if i am a jew or an arab. i told me them 'arab'. they heard that my accent was not arab, ran up to my car and they started throwing stones. >> yang: jewish mobs in bat yam yelled obscene anti-arab chants as they marched through the streets. prime minister benjamin netanyahu has imposed“ administrative detention” to try to curb the violence-- a tactic used to imprison people without charging them. israeli police say nearly 400 people have been arrested since yesterday. today netanyahu said they expect more unrest. >> ( translated ): i cannot tell you that we are not facing escalation.

the intelligence we have says that it is very possible that there will be an increase in violence here in the coming days. in order to suppress a riot, we need to use force, a lot of force, we will use it while >> yang: this as the fighting between hamas and israeli forces continued despite mediation attempts by egyptian security officials. a hamas spokesperson signaled no signs of letting up its attacks in a video message released today. >> ( translated ): the decision to bomb tel aviv, jerusalem, and any cities before or after that, from our occupied cities, is easier for us than drinking of water. >> yang: rockets continued to scream into southern and central israel, as air raid sirens shrieked. people in ashkelon ran and ducked down for cover. diners at a cafe in lod hid in the kitchen area for safety. meanwhile, residents in gaza were reeling from ongoing israeli air strikes.

an israeli defense force official phoned a building owner in gaza, warning him of an incoming strike and to evacuate the building. >> ( translated ): the building is residential, what is in to hit it? i asked the israeli defense force caller, what was there in order to hit it? he said after it is bombed, i will call you and tell you why, i tried to find out why, all are normal apartments and shops. >> yang: still, some try to spread hope, as a subdued eid celebration continues, marking the end of ramadan. >> ( translated ): i distribute chocolate because i want to feel the joy of eid, and make those around me feel the joy of eid. because as you can see, there is no atmosphere for eid at all, it is all air strikes, destruction and devastation. may god help everyone. >> yang: a sentiment held on both sides. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang.

>> woodruff: in the day's other news, colonial pipeline resumed gasoline deliveries across the deep south and the mid-atlantic, where thousands of gas stations have run dry. panic-buying broke out after a cyber-attack shut down a critical east coast pipeline last friday. operations have restarted, but the company says it will take several days to recover. we'll have details, later in the program. a ransomware attack on the washington, d.c. police has left thousands of sensitive documents viewable online. a russian-speaking gang said the city refused to meet its demands, so it posted the disciplinary files and intelligence reports. it's the worst such attack ever to hit a u.s. police department. the secretary of homeland security, alejandro mayorkas, came under fire today over migrant children at the southern border. nearly 17,000 arrived without

parents in april, down from march, but still historically high. at a u.s. senate hearing, republican mitt romney of utah argued that easing trump-era restrictions has encouraged migrants, while mayorkas defended the changes. >> senator, if i may, we're the united states of america. 90% of these children have a parent or legal guardian in the united states and they have a claim of fear of persecution. >> so this is not a problem then? your view is this is the way its going to be? we have the secretary responsible for securing our border and our immigration system who doesn't recognize these charts as being a problem. >> woodruff: most adults intercepted at the border are still being expelled from the u.s. under pandemic restrictions. in minneapolis, it will be next march before three former police officers face trial on charges of aiding and abetting in the death of george floyd. the trial had been set for

august, but a judge pushed it back today. he said he wanted a federal civil rights case to go first because it carries stiffer penalties. there's word that reports of sexual assaults in the military were up slightly in 2020, after a sharp increase in 2019. the associated press says the number of cases in 2020 rose just one percent. it's unclear how much the numbers were affected by pandemic lockdowns at military bases. in economic news, weekly jobless claims fell to another pandemic low of 473,000. at the same time, amazon announced signing bonuses of up to $1,000 dollars in a bid to fill 75,000 jobs. and, on wall street, investors went bargain-hunting after a three-day losing streak fed by inflation fears. the dow jones industrial average gained 433 points to close at 34,021. the nasdaq rose 93 points.

the s&p 500 added 49. still to come on the newshour: the pipeline halted by a ransomware attack gradually reopens but fuel shortages remain. braz's former president discusses the country's dire covid crisis. plus much more. >> woodruff: now, returning to the renewed, and worsening, crisis between israelis and palestinians. here again is john yang. >> yang: judy, the situation has escalated very quickly in just a few days-- violence between arab and jewish israelis in the streets of israel, rockets from lebanon fired into northern israel and now what could be the beginning of a ground war in gaza. sibley telhami is a senior fellow with the brookings institution and a professor at the university of maryland.

he's been an advisor to the state department and the u.s. mission to the united nations. aaron david miller is a senior fellow at the carnegie endowment for international peace. for more than three decades, he helped shape u.s. policy in the middle east at the state department. gentlemen, welcome to you both. sibley, let me start with you. we have seen a lot of cycles of violence in the middle east, but does this feel different to you, the way this ratcheted up so quickly, the way we're seeing people fighting in the streets? >> yes, the escalation was very rapid, and the crise was certainly unexpected. it happened seemingly out of nowhere. certainly, the biden administration didn't expect it. there are two reasons for that. one reason is the issues at stake were core issues for palestinians: the evictions from homes of palestinians in johns hopkins university. this is something something that is obviously an immoral act, but one that the e.u. says it

blatantly violates international law. and it seemed to be part of a strategy to limit the number of palestinians in jurez lum and increase the number of jews. comicoming in ramadan when peope are mobilized and praying in the assault on the al aqsa itself, more graphic that ihave seen, to be honest in in all the years of occupation, particularly inside the mose itself, all of this happening, obviously, in a rapid fashion because of that, and because the palestinians were in a situation of despair, i would say reminiscent of the 1987-88 period when there was the rise of intafada in part because they seemed to have no hope after 50 years of occupation. even the arab world was moving away from the issue. they placed some hope in the biden administration. but, obviously, biden didn't look at this as a priority.

he renewed some aid to them, but it wasn't going to happen, and even the palestinian authority postponed the election that they were hopinwould shake things up. clearly, there was that. plus there was interest on both sides-- the israeli government, the extreme right, even the prime minister of israel-- had an interest in escalation. maybe not to this extent but it served political purposes. netanyahu not only distracted from his legal troubles, but he was able to prevent his opponents from forming a coalition government. we see that now as off the table. and hamas, of course, this is an opportunity for them to show that they can act when the palestinian authority is helpless. >> yang: aaron david miller, this different kind of conflict, or different trajectory for this conflict. the united states is sending an envoy. they've reached out to the egyptians, who often have influence over the palestinians. are these going to work this time, do you think? >> no.

i think, frankly, you have several ve vectors shaping this right now. the previous conflict, 2008-2009, 2012, 2014, all had a rhythm and ebb and flow driven by the two major protagonists with little or no influence nationally by the outside party, the egyptians, qataris, certainly not the united states. we have leverage on paper. we choose not to use it very often, but weave no relationship with hamas. i think not only both israel an hamas are persuaded that they've reached the limit, both politically and strategically of what they hope to achieve will mediation be possible. i think the one intriguing and truly dismay go, and sibley is going to forget more about this

issue than i'm ever going to go is the communal-- it may well be paradoxally that it is that, the widespread communal violence in half a dozen mixed towns, that ultimately constrains the israeli government and pushes them to bring an end to this-- to this round. the truly trag and i can sad and devastating depressing takeaway from all this, john, is that i'm persuaded whether it goes on for another week, or in the case of 2014, it went on for 50 days, it will end. there will be a cease-fire, probably negotiated by the egyptians. but it will not leave or create any sort of pathway either for a longer term cease-fire agreement between israel and hamas, and perhaps more profoundly, respect to the broader issue, it is hard

to see, how this pain, even with the involvement of the united states is going to create the kind of framework that would allow israelis and palestinians to come any closer to ending the conflict that has taken so much from both sides. >> yang: sibley telhami, your colleague, aaron david miller, talked about each side trying to achieve as much as they can, or the goals of what they're doing here. you talked about the politics, sort of the internal domestic politics of both israel and the palestinian areas, the israeli elections, the never-ending series, it seem of israeli elections, trying to form a new government. the palestinian authority trying to hold legislative elections for the first time since 2006. how are these internal political forces affecting decision making on both sides? >> there's no question that they've affected the escalation. i have no doubt about that.

but neither side was looking for an all-out war, and i think even now, they're not loking for an all-out war, because as aaron said correctly, they don't see a strategic horizon. in the end, everyone is going to lose. the palestinians lose more always-- look at the ratio of casualties. the asymmetry of power is huge, and they lose 10 to one so far in terms of the casualties. but in the end, there will not be a solution, a strategic solution. so there are two things to keep in mind here. number one what, do you do if you are trying to achieve diplomacy? first, obviously, you have to stop the fighting, undoubtedly. that's not going to be enough, but it's going to be essential. you have to provide some kind of fig leaf to the israelis and to the palestinians, to hamas, to be able to reach a cease-fire agreement as quickly as possible. but then to remind yourself that this is going to happen again and again. and as aaron said, part of the problem here for the israelis now is not just this continuing

palestinian-israeli conflict with the west bank and gaza, but now it has become inside israel on a scale i have never observed since 1948. we have not seen this kind of confrontation in cities where's people coexisted, like haifa where you had this kind of confrontation, in a way that went out of control, the israeli government that has to worry them. but for biden particularly, as he's moving forward, one of the disappointing things is as they're doing diplomacy, they have not met this moment. and particularly with regard to human rights and international law. so if there's thrs no horizon, this is not a priority issue for the administration for sure, and it's not likely to become one, but nonetheless, because it's not a priority issue and a political settlement is not on the horizon what, you do is you focus on the key issues of people's lives-- equality, human rights, democracy, freedom for people. you focus on those.

this is an issue where there's a very clear-cut case of violation ofnternational law. and the administration couldn't bring itself to saying, you know, israel should not carry out the evictions. the evictions are wrong. both sides should calm down. that's not a very good start for the administration. >> yang: unfortunately, sibley telhami, we are out of time. sibley telhami from the brookings institution, and aaron david miller from the carnegie endownment for international peace, i'm sure we'll hae more opportunities in the days ahead. >> woodruff: the nation's largest fuel pipeline has slowly resumed service. that's the start of some good news. but no one's celebrating just yet.

a new report from bloomberg said colonial pipeline paid five million dollars in ransom last week. the company has denied paying ransom. and it will take time before things return to normal. william brangham has a look at all of this, beginning with the gas crunch some states are facing. >> brangham: judy, panic has set in across the south east even though that major pipeline is restarting operations after being shut down for six days. long lines formed outside of stations across parts of the u.s. as fears and frustration about gas shortages grew at least 17,000 stations reported being completely empty in the south eastern u.s., which helped push gas prices to the highest levels in six years. as of this morning, 55% of stations in virginia were without gasoline, 49% of stations in georgia had none, and more than two thirds in north carolina reported outages.

while the gas supply has begun moving, its slowly. fuel flows through the pipeline at just five miles per hour. it's expected to take several days before the supply returns to normal. public officials urged americans not to panic, and avoid rushing out to buy and hoard gas. for a closer look at the impacts, i'm joined by patrick de haan, he's the head of petroleum analysis for gasbuddy, an app that tracks fuel prices and shortages. patrick de haan can you help us understand something, looking at the shortages are those driven by all of the panic purchasing, or is it driven by the pipeline that was shut down for six days? >> well, i think if you were to slice this into a pie, i think 10% of it would probably be because the pipeline was shut down, and the slow replenishment of fuel. but i think 90%, really, or more, is the result of panic buying and hoarding. we saw gasoline demand shoot up

instantly. and it wasn't just limited to the states in the southeast where there was primarily happening. it was across the entire country to a lesser agree. certainly very impressive. areas of south florida that generally receive gasoline not from the pipeline but from barge were starting to see outages go up. in fact, miami had no outages yesterday morning. now they're up to 40%. it seems like fear and hoarding is starting to grip miami. >> brangham: so it's sort of amazing to me that 90% of this is driven by that. your ap and your company really keeps its fing or the pulse of americans' seeming obsession with gas prices. does this make sense to you that word of this attack goes out, the pipeline goes down, and does it make sense that that hoarding took place? >> well, at least to me, it kind of deifies logic. i mean, i'm certainly not one that would be running out to fill up 50-gallon drums, but we're seeing some pretty incredible images across social media-- people filling up six jerry cans or putting gasolines in a plastic bag to the tune

that the consumer products commission then warns americans not to do that. it's truly incredible the obsession we have can with gasoline and how worried we get when we start talking about a pipeline not operating. >> brangham: so i understand the biden administration has also relaxed some rules about truck drivers, apparently to address a truck driver shortage. you can explain how that plays a role in these shortages? >> well, in the recent years, we have continued to see a deficit of truck drivers as more retire, there's fewer left and fewer being hired into the system. and so over the last five years, we've seen that shortage grow and grow, certainly not helped by the covid-19 pandemic, which early on caused a lot of trucks to sit parked for several weeks, certainly for tanker trucks at delivered to stations, saw a 60% drop in demand. many of them may have opted to take an early retirement or gotten laid off. but now those tanker truck drivers are the ones who bring

the fuel from the rack at the local level to the station, and what we're finding out now is that there's simply no way that they can stay caught up, number one. it may be a problem of two few truck drivers. number two, there may not be enough capacity at the rack where the tanker trucks are pulling. even with this pipeline being operational, i think we still would have seen outages based on this behavior. >> brangham: so as i said, the pipe is now flowing again. how long from your estimation until things get back to some level of normal? >> i think it really depends. the hardest hit states, like you mentioned-- north carolina, georgia, the carolinas-- they could take seven to 14 days for gasoline purchases to not involve a higher level of thinking-- that is, you don't have to check the gasbuddy app in 14 days to figure it out. other areas that aren't as hard hit, that might be five to 10 days. still, even though the pipeline is flowing, this is still going to be a headache thing to go out

and find gasolines for the next couple of weeks. >> brangham: so if people are hearing this and seeing news reports about shortages and worrying about whether they're going to get gas in their car or their truck, what would you counsel them to do? >> certainly just be patient. if you don't need to drive, i certainly would not. you know, it makes everything much harder when you're spending half of your day looking for an open gas pump. i would simply sit home, wait it out, and wait for the situation topaz. it will start improving now. of course, some people are frontline workers, essential workers. i think it's more crucial they have access to the gasoline they need rather than me simply going out to a pump and filling up all the containers i can find. >> brangham: all right, patrick de haan of gasbuddy, thank you very much for being here. >> my pleasure. >> brangham: in response to the colonial pipeline hack and the recognition that there are major cyber security weaknesses in the u.s., the biden administration released an executive order last night, one that had been in the

works for weeks, to strengthen those defenses. it will establish baseline security standards for any software purchased by the federal government, and require companies to quickly disclose breaches when they occur. for more on all of this we turn again to dmitri alperovitch. he's co-founder of silverado policy accelerator. it's a washington-based think tank that focuses on cybersecurity. dimittry, always great to see you on the newshour. so the president puts out this executive order. what do you make of it? will this actually help address the problem? >> thanks for having me. well, first of all, this is an extraordinary executive order. it is 34 pages long, one of the longest executive orders we've ever seen, certainly the longest one on cyber. and there is a lot of detail here. in fact, if you take all the bills, cyber bills and executive orders of the last two decades, this one exceeds them all combined. and the ality is that a lot of it is just good hygiene type of

stuff, sort of eat your oatmeal type of approach that the administration has taken. a lot of it is focused on federal government security, which is where they have the authority to actually make a difference. but one of the things they've tried to do is find leverage. so a lot of what you see in this executive order is how to use the power of the federal government procurement, dealing with lots of companies that sell software and other services to the federal government, and say, "if you're going to do business with you, your cybersecurity level needs to rise to a substantial amount." and as a result, because these companies sell not just to the federal government but they sell all of us the same services, all of us will benefit from this action. >> brangham: so who is it that determines within the government whether or not a company is meeting those requirements? i mean, does the government then have to go in and look and say, "exusm "x's" software, that's good. company "y's" software, not good." >> so at some point you're going to have odditz that the federal government is going to conduct, and we have cybersecurity

infrastructure security agency, cesa, within the department of homeland security, which is going to have most of the authorities within this executive order to verify that. but at the same time, you're going to see changes in contracts. sees new contracts are put in place between vendors and the federal government, they're going to have to atoast certain security requirements as part of their ability to even win these contracts. >> brangham: so we're all focused on this most recent pipeline attack and the ransomware attack that went after this company. would these provisions, if they were all constitute instituted have prevented this attack from happening? >> unfortunately, no, and this has to do with the fact that the administration only has so much power without being able to, of course, change the law that will require congressional action. so most of the focus of the executive order is indeed on making sure that the federal government itself is secure. and we've seen lots of hacks of major feral agencies or the last few months, including the solar winds hack

so it's designed to address those issues. it will have a benefit on the overall ecosystem by making sure the vendors we all use-- clbl companies like colonial-- are much more secure to the extent that those vendors have business with the federal government. but there's going to be more effort that the congress will have to do specifically looking at critical infrastructure, who should regulate those entities? most of your viewers probably don't appreciate the fact that colonial is regulated by the t.s.a., the same people that check your shoes when you go through the airport for security purposes. t.s.a., you know, may have expertise in physical security, but they're probably not the best people to regulate colonial on cyber issues. so we're going to have to grapple with this as a country of who should be reg lathe these companies on cyber security issues, particularly companies that have such a high degree of ownership over our critical infrastructure. >> brangham: this executive order also requires that companies are much more diligent

about reporting breaches when they occur. has that been a problem in the past, that a breach occurs on a network somewhere that might implicate other companies and that breach is not disclosed? >> the vast majority of breaches are actually never disclosed. in fact, today, the only companies that are disclosing breaches are those that show that personally identifiable information, information on consumers-- like your name, your address, your social security number-- that that information has been compromised. that's the level of standard that most companies are looking at. defense contractors, also, have breach reporting requirements to the department of defense. if you don't fall into those areas, you don't have to report to anyone. in fact, what we've seen is the vast majority of companies hit in the solar winds hat, in the exchange act that your viewers may remember from a few months ago, have not had to report anything. and that's a real problem because the the government does not have the visibility into the level of activity that foreign nation states are perpetrating

against this country. they don't appreciate the impact to the national security of it as a result. and they can't protect the rest of the world that is facing the exact same attacks. >> brangham: all right, dimitri alperovitch, silverado policy accelerator, always good to see you. thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: brazil is one of the countries hardest-hit by covid-19. its official death toll is only surpassed by the u.s. a crisis of leadership by the right-wing populist president, ja bolsonaro, many say, led to this moment: hospitals over-run; the dead unable to be buried in cemeteries overflowing. now, a former president of brazil, luis inacio lula da silva, or "lula," once convicted

of corruption, and now cleared to run again for office, is back. he spoke earlier today with our amna nawaz. newshour and thank you for taking the time. president lula, since last we spoke almost exactly a year ago, of course, the. 47 million vaccine doses have already been distributed. we know this week president bol sonauro said a billion dollars of additional funds will go to the inoculation effort. what would you be doing if you were in charge? what more would you be doing to address the pandemic in brazil. >> ( translated ): the problem in the u.s., when trump was the president of the united states, it was dealt with a a lot of contempt, as trump and bolsonaro

did not have respect for people. we did not gathering the experts. now he's trying to catch up to the losses and damage. >> nawaz: given where the country is right now, what specific steps do you think should also be taking place right now? what more could be done to address the pandemic right now? >> ( translated ): we have to guarantee all the facts that are necessary to vaccinate all the people in brazil, to continue with the policy of social distancing and to avoid big crowds, as much as we can. we have to create proper conditions for emergency aid to people. so those that are unemployed can still eat. and we have to guarantee a special credit so people can continue to work in their small- and medium-sized businesses-- that is to say, we have to do what biden did already in the u.s. in his last statement about the economy. we have to enhance our monetary base so we can give the proper conditions for survival to the brazilian people. >> nawaz: president lula, on the vaccine front, what more do you want to see from other world leaders, like president biden?

you gave a recent interview and said everyone in the world is thinking for themselves right now. what other specific actions do you want to see from president biden and other leaders when it comes to helping countries like brazil? >> ( translated ): all t world lea leaders should gatherg and meet in extraordinary session, the g-20, the g-eight, or the u.n., to make a decision to break the patents of the vaccine so 7 billion inhab tants of the world will have the right to take the vaccine and this is the first thing i would urge world leaders. the second is we need to start to discuss a new world governance-- that is to say, it is already proved that the pandemic crisis when it came, the countries were not ready and each tried find an individual solution. there is no individual way out of this crisis. we have to make decisions that will reach all the countries in the world. >> nawaz: there has been some comparison between the way president biden, the u.s., other world leaders rushed to help india, which is also struggling mightily with the virus, and the way that there's been a much

more muted response to helping brazil. do you think brazil has been treated differently because jair bolsonaro is in charge? >> ( translated ): why should i believe the president was not incriminated himself. there is no other president criminalizing brazil or discriminating against brazil. no, actually, what happened, is our president made the decision to become a rogue leader. he doesn't talk to anybody. no one wants to talk to him. we a rogue country, so brazil isolated itself. i believe the rich countries, those that participate in the g-20, which brazil is part of, the countries that participate in the g-8, they have to take responsibility. the richest countries in the world have to help the poorest countries in the world to get the vaccine. >> nawaz: president, let me ask you about jair bolsonaro and his time in office. he will be up for reelection in 2022. recent polls show you in a head-to-head match. have you ahead by double digits.

you have not confirmed whether you're running or not and i wonder why you will not confirm you plan to challenge him when you're clearly looking to unseat him. >> nawaz: amna, last night a public opinion poll came out that showed me woning. i get 20% more votes than he does in the public opinion poll, but i cannot be concerned with those polls now, because in the moment, the pandemic is still a security issue in brazil, and now we're coming to wintertime. and maybe we'll get another wave. i hope we won't. i ask god that it won't cam back again as strong. but we have to take care of the people, not of elections. and when it comes time to discuss elections, we'll discuss elections, and so that's why the pandemic is our main priority now. >> nawaz: let me ask you this, what would keep you from running against him? what could happen between now and next fall? do you think there's a better candidate to challenge jair bolsonaro? >> ( translated ): what i can say to you, amna, is i was not the candidate in 2018 because they eated a judicial farce. there's no judicial case against

me now. and so now i can run for the presidency. now, if in this moment i make the decision that i'll run, if my party, my allies agree they would have 100% health, if i'm healthy 100%, then i could run. i could be a candidate. but when october comes of next year, 2022, i'll be one year younger than joe biden when he won the elections in the u.s. so i'm ready to be a candidate next year. >> nawaz: let me ask you about that polarization then. because this is how one analyst put your challenge ahead. he said, "lula's current strategy appears not entirely unlike that of u.s. president joe biden who projected himself as a centrist elder statesman to unite the country after a period of destructive polarization." do you see yourself in that role? >> ( translated ): i was very humbled when i saw jubd's statement about the economic plan that he has, that the amount of money he's going to inve for healthcare to help the poor people in the u.s. so i was very happy with biden's speech.

i was very happy with his announcement. i was very happy to know that his representatives for the amazon rainforest came to discuss with the brazilian people here. and oo, sincerely, i believe that biden is doing a good job for the u.s. i know that he has to open a little bit more, though, towards latin america and south america because u.s. presidents, they forget about latin america. and in the past, they were much more concerned with russia, and then they were much more concerned with the terrorists. and now they're much more concerned with china. it's necessary to remind and record there are more people than china and russia in the world and that there's a lot of people that are not terrorists. the u.s. has to learn that the good international policies are built on the basis of partnership. the u.s. has to be a partner of their allies to help. oh, poor countries could grow. economically speaking, the more the poor countries grow economically, the better they will be for the u.s. because the u.s. will grow, china will grow, germany will grow. it's necessary to share the wealth. >> nawaz: president lula, as

you mentioned, are you 75 years old. if you were to run for office next year, you would be 76. you have had several years in office already. what would be your message to brazilians who say that brazil is now in need of a fresh start? >> ( translated ): amna, i was president already, and i have the awareness that when i was in the presidency, we may have had the largest social inclusion policy that brazil has ever had. we lifted 36 million people from poverty, and we lifted another 40 million into the middle class, and we created 21 million jobs. we put millions of youth in public universities. so what can i say to the brazilian people that we're going to do more than we did in the past? we're going to do more. if i go back to rural brazil, i cannot do less. and for that reason, we would like to go back to the presidency so that we can redemocratize our country. this is a little bit of what biden will have to deal with in the u.s. he will have to destroy the hatreds that trump developed, to destroy the hatreds that jair

bolsonaro created here in brazil and build a new society based on love and peace. >> nawaz: that is luiz inacio lula da silva, the former president of the brazil. president lula, thank you for your time. >> ( translated ): thank you, amna, very much, and let's hope to see you again in some other opportunity. >> woodruff: sometimes in life, we are granted second chances. for ryan ramnarace, this moment occurred when he was released after serving 14 years in federal prison, and decided he wanted to be a positive presence for his family and community. tonight, he gives his brief but spectacular take on the capacity we all have to change our lives. >> i grew up in baraboo,

wisconsin. being poor, i had a certain idea about myself. i wanted to be perceived as tough, i wanted to be perceived as somebody not to mess with. i relied extensively on crime to live. finally at the age of 27, i was charged with conspiracy to distribute cocaine. i was given 224 months so 18 years, eight months in federal prison. when i went in to prison, i had four young children and i had one child on the way. i was writing letters all the time, i was getting visits on top of visits, on top of visits. after about a year of this, a guy comes to me and he says, "what are you doing kid? you have 18 and a half years, you're not getting out, you need to figure out how to live in this environment. you can live on both sides of that fence." about five years into my sentence, i got into an altercation with a bank robber and was thrown in solitary confinement.

and i had to write everybody at home. i had to tell them why i was there. their response was like really, ryan? you're doing an 18 and a half years in federal prison. you've been fighting your entire life. now you're in jail in prison, when's it going to be enough? when have you had enough? the disappointment from my family really forced me to do an inventory of myself, to look back at my life, to ask myself that fundamental question, when did i stop being a good person? i just decided i'm going to reject the environment, i'm going to focus on my education, i'm going to associate with like-minded men, and i could be authentically myself. i could talk about my dreams when i got out of prison. i could talk about the pain of

not being with my kids. visitation, that was always pretty tough. you're on your way back to your unit and you can hear the cacophony of noises. it would crash on you sometimes the idea that i have this many years yet of my life that i have to be in this environment. in prison, my constant companions, for sure, were books. when i started thinking about who i wanted to be when i got out, i would take magazines, i would cut them up and i would put images of the things that i wanted and i would write in little phrases or little inspirational things. i remember one of them was from the street corner to the corner office. it's funny now because i work as a peer support specialist helping people that are struggling with opioids. and i do actually have a corner office. when you are introducing yourself to a kid who has been through abuse, you can look at

that kid and you can say, i get it. you can connect with them in a way nobody else can. my success is largely attributable to my fiancee. she and i connected when i first came home. we have been together this entire time. the community's support, my family's support but there had to be space by the community to allow me to become this other person. i'm not embarrassed anymore to talk about the fact that i was incarcerated. i'm not embarrassed to talk about who i used to be. i've contemplated what it is that i would tell a younger version of myself. i would say, ask for help, apply yourself towards your education, believe that you're worth more than whatever it is you've gone through. my name is ryan ramnarace, and this is my brief but spectacular take on my reentry. >> woodruff: such an important message. >> woodruff: and you can find all of our brief but spectacular segments online at: pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for

tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> architect. bee-keeper. mentor. a raymond james financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life, well-planned. our u.s.-based customer service reps can help you choose a plan based on how much you use your phone, nothing more, nothing less. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> the ford foundation.

working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. as anti-government protests escalate in columbia, an exclusive interview with the president and the great british novelists, we talk about wrapping up the epic war saga and her hard journey to success. also ahead. >> women are sort of almost all schooled in some ways to put ourselves second or third. >> columnist talks about how american women