captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: biden agenda. the president's plans face a tough road ahead as both sides dig in over the major build back better legislation. then, the tipping point. world leers wrangle over plans to combat climate change, as the consequences of a warming planet fall hardest on developing nations. and, turmoil in iraq. an attempt to assassinate the prime minister underscores the country's instability following contentious elections. >> reporter: iraq's election commission finalized the manual recount to address complaints filed by the losing parties. no major discrepancies were fod.

but, these groups have shown time and again that they don't respect rule of law. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ >> pediatric surgeon. volunteer. topiary artist. a raymond james financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life, well-planned. >> for 25 years, consumer cellular has been offering no-contract wireless plans, designed to help people do more of what they like. our u.s.-based customer service team can help find a plan that fits you. to learn more, visit www.consumercellular.tv. >> johnson & johnson. >> bnsf railway. >> b.d.o.

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>> woodruff: pfizer is now asking u.s. regulators to authorize its covid booster shots for all americans over 18. at the moment, only older americans and those with weakened immune systems are eligible. pfizer's request today comes as holiday gatherings draw near, and as infections begin to tick higher in parts of the country. the prosecution has rested in kenosha, wisconsin, in the kyle rittenhouse murder trial. he is charged with killing two men and wounding a third during violence and protests last year. it happened after jacob blake, a black man, was shot by police and left paralyzed. prosecutors presented five days of testimony before wrapping up. the u.n. climate summit s entered its final days, with warnings that new pledges to cut carbon emissions are not enough. a u.n. analysis says that by 2030, global emissions will still be four times the levels needed to limit global warming. separately, the "new climate

institute" says that there is no solid plan to soak up more carbon. >> not a single country has short-term policies in place to put itself on track towards its own net zero target. right now, the net zero targets are good, they are vision, imagination-- but they have to be backed by action-- by short-term action. otherwise, they are simply not credible. >> woodruff: we'll return to the climate summit in glasgow, scotland, later in the program. the u.s. supreme court will decide whether a death row inmate may have a chaplain touch him and pray out loud during a lethal injection. the justices heard arguments today in a texas case. texas has halted executions, pending a decision in this case. the oklahoma supreme court today threw out an award of $465 million against johnson & johnson over opioid abuse. the panel said a lower court wrongly applied a public

nuisance law, when it found the company used deceptive marketing. republican congressman paul gosar of arizona is under fire for tweeting a cartoon version of him attacking democrat alexandria ocasio-cortez with a sword. he is a leading trump supporter. the new york congresswoman is a leading progressive. she was at the climate summit today, where she said the incident goes to a larger point. >> it is so common for women, and women of color, to be sounding alarms about very disturbing behaviors, patterns, et cetera, to almost be whistleblowers, within institutions-- and to not only be ignored, but to have very serious threats not really be addressed. >> woodruff: the speaker of the house of representatives, nancy pelosi, called for an investigation. and the white house said that there is no place in politics for gosar's actions. later, in a statement, gosar said that he did not espouse violence, and that it was "a

symbolic cartoon." subpoenas went out to ten more trump administration officials today, stemming from the january 6 attack on the u.s. capitol. today's additions include former senior adviser stephen miller and white house press secretary kayleigh mcenany. today found 13 trump aidesáñym■ campaigned on government time in violation ofsv4 theçó hatch act. former u.s. senator from georgia and vietnam war veteran max cleland died today in atlanta after suffering congestive heart failure. he lost three limbs in a hand grenade ast in vietnam, and championed veterans' rights. john yang has our report. >> yang: max cleland's political career spanned four decades, stretching from his native georgia to the u.s. senate, and included time as president

jimmy carter's head of the veterans administration. in the mid-1960s, he volunteered to fight in vietnam. during the siege of khe sahn-- just days before his tour of duty was to end-- he picked up a fallen grenade, and lost both legs and his right arm. he was awarded the bronze and silver stars for meritorious service. on the "macneil/lehrer report" in 1978, then-v.a. administrator cleland spoke of the difficulties facing those who had served in that unpopular war. >> i think that part of the problem that we will have with vietnam veterans is, unfortunately, the negative image that the war, in a sense, created for us. and in that sense, i'm not sure i am personally committed to making sure that those who have served this country, and served it well, particularly the disabled veteran, gets the finest treatment in our hospital system possible. >> yang: he was elected to the senate in 1996, but lost re-election a year after 9/11,

in a nasty race in which his republican opponent-- who had never served in the military-- questioned his patriotism. bound to a wheelchair most of his adult life cleland was gregarious andq. upbeat known fr wearing a mickey mouse watch as a reminder, he said, not to take life too seriously. >> woodruff: max cleland was 79 years old. a remarkable man. federal wildlife officials today reversed a trump-era rule that stripped habitat protections for the endangered northern spotted owl. they said the rule was based on faulty science. it would have allowed logging in millions of acres across california, oregon, and washington state. on wall street, stocks retreated on news that wholesale inflation is still rising at record levels. the dow jones industrial average lost 112 points to close below 36,320. the nasdaq fl 95 points.

the s&p 500 slid 16. and, as of today, thrill-seekers in new york city can climb up a skyscraper-- on the outside. visitors in body suits and safety harnesses ascend a metal staircase, nearly 1,300 feet high. at the top, they can lean out over the city's skyline. tickets cost $185. and some of us won't be doing that. still to come on the newshour: the consequences of climate change fall hardest on developing nations. a new survey shows the divisions among americans, and within political parties. the late cokie roberts' husband reflects on her life and legacy. plus, much more.

>> woodruff: president biden will soon sign into law one major piece of his agenda, the bipartisan infrastructure deal, securing a major legislative victory. but, there is still work to be done to get his larger economic and social spending package over the finish line. yamiche alcindor talks to one of the white house's key negotiators, on where it alltands. >> alcindor: since the infrastructure vote on friday night, the biden administration has directed its focus to the "build back better" package. that's the $1.75 trillion bill with money for child care, health care, and climate change. it needs nearly every house democrat, and all 50 senate democrats, on board to pass. brian deese is the director of the national economic council for the biden administration. he's been a central figure in these negotiations. and, he joins me now from the white house. brian, thank you so much for being here. president biden will soon pass the bipartisan infrastructure plan, butq-many lawmakers wanted it tied to the$

act. what assurances can you give americans that that build back better act is going to become law and how soon do you expect that to happen? >> well, for starters, what i can assure folks is that signing this historic infrastructure bill is going to do a lot of good for the country. we've waited decades to actually do something about infrastructure and, in that period, the united states has fallen behind. we're 13th in the worldg■ in infrastructure. with this piece of legislation that the president will sign soon, we're going to make historic investments in rebuilding both our physical infrastructure -- ports, airportser, roads, bridges, transit -- but also provide high-speed internet to all americans,5a■ clean water by providing lead service lines across the country. so this is a capital investment in america we've waited too long to do and we're< ■ f)j make happen and i think that's going to buildlp remomentum for getting the second half ofjx3rq president'sq back better plan into law, that starts next week where we anticipate a vote in the house-l

and is it senate as well. >> reporter: the congressionaljg estimates for individual titles on this bill, it wi the bill. some moderates want to see a cbo score before they vote. house speaker nancy pelosi said she wants to vote on the build back better act on the week of november 15. how sure are you that thisñi cbo score will be available by then but how worried■h the be the score needed to pass thü1 >> we're confident this bill is fiscally responsible and paid for. last week we saw the joint committee on taxation, the gold standard, reinforce there's enough revenue offsets to offset the investment in the package. this is the typical process. chambers of commerce typically vote on bills when they have enough in' we anticipat more information will be provided to lawmars

this week and consistent],á■é@■h liewrkz leadership, that there will be a.ñ week in the house. at the end to have the day, the most important bottom line is these are might valued targeted investments in the american people and the american economy that are fully paid for. >> how confident are you that you have the votes to getn build back better act passedñr d what are youb.■bo0 telling lawms as you try to close this deal? >> we are confident this framework will pass the house and the senate, and what we're telling lawmakers is this is an easy vote. the american people are looking to lower the cost of prescription drugs, childcare and to provide a tax cut to middle class families so they finally can have breathing room. people who are anxious about their economic circumstance or seeing higher prices, what this bill will do is actually lower prices, lower inflationary pressure by getting more people

to work and it is fully paid for and paid for in a responsible way by askingñr the largest companies to pay a bit more as well as the wealthiest americans. so this is a straightforward plan to deliver where the american people need it most. we're making that case and we're confident we can get it through both houses of congress. >> reporter: i want to ask you about paid family leave added back into the build back act, but senators including senator manchin have been opposed to this. i wonder, do you expect paid family leave to be in the final bill? >> wewell, we're going to work n the issue. paid family leave is something that the president has consistently been supportive of. concerns have been raced by members of congress so we'll work that through. at the core the question is what this package will deliver for the american people. we have been talking about universals pre-school for years and decades. economists of all stripes identified that as one of the

highest investments we could make in terms of value for the american economy, getting our 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds educated at an early age. we have the potential to get that done and in a way that is fiscally responsible, paid for, doesn't raise taxes for anyone making less than $400,000 a year, that's the plan. >> reporter: in the last administration you worked for, former president obama, you were also a key expert on climate change. i want to ask you about climate change in this bill. are you worried that there are critics who think that you gave up too much on climate and that this billyt/j too watered down s it relates to those iss(es? >> this bill as structured would be the largest and most significant investment in climate change in our nation'sp■ history by au it would, if enacted, reduce one gig aton of emissions from our economy and most-9■ importantly will spark new economic engines in our economy from the electric vehicle industry to the machining power industry, not only putting people to work in

good-paying jobs around the country, but creating new expert opportunities so that the united states is actually exporting the next generation of, for american-madeg■ vehicles, electc clean vehicles all around the world. i

in fact, just today, he was making calls to c.e.o.s of some of the biggest companies, ourxd biggestçóój7■ retailers as freight movers lih2u ups, to talk about how we can until the bottleneck, some of these bottlenecks that are keeping goods from moving as fast as they can throughout the company. so he is on this case. i would also underscore thet( economic progress we're making is creel.ó61 5.6 million jobse unemploymentate down to 4.6, two yeayññ faster than most experts created, a and lot of the supply chain challenges are actually akjb■ reflection of the fact that we are moving more goods, moreñzproducts through te american economy now than at anytime the history,i the pandemic. that's a good thing. it reflects the fact that americans are out there and able to buy goods again. we're going to work through thec every day in the short term, but we think we can focus on both the short term and medium and

longer term challenges. part of why we're in this problem is we haven't invested in the infrastructure so we have more resilient ports, roads, bridges around america. we can do both of these things, that certainlyb. focused on. >> reporter: thank you so much for joining us, brian deese, director ofñrq-r■ the national economic council. >> thanh3 you.ñ >> woodruff: we return to the cop26 climate change conference in glasgow, scotland where leaders are trying to reach new agreements and commitments toward reducing emissions, and slowing the impacts of global warming. william brangham is there for us all week. in his report tonight, he looks at key questions about getting enough help to the world's most vulnerable nations. >> brangham: on the bustling streets of dhaka, mohammad nirob is part of what's becoming the biggest migration inside bangladesh.

seven years ago, the 45-year-old had to leave his wife and four kids behind in their village, over 100 miles away, to come here and earn money. why? his prior life, and livelihood, had been washed away by ever-increasing floods, ones that are getting worse in a warming world. >> ( translated ): i had run a business before. but the business is no more now. the shops, the houses, have been devoured by the river. for more than half the year, our house was submerged two to three times a month. our house was submerged for more than six months a year, two to three times a month. when the high tide happened and the river water flowed into our house, it restricted our movements, our lives. >> brangham: climate refugees like nirob are partly why dhaka is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and why bangladesh represents one of the great cruelties of climate change-- those that have done little to cause the problem are

paying the biggest price. bangladesh emits less than half of 1% of the global greenhouse gases that are warming the planet, but suffers disproportionately from that warming. this low-lying country has always been vulnerable to flooding, but climate change has intensified storms, pushed saltwater further inland, and now driven an estimated ten million people from their homes. >> the 170 million people in my country are the most climate- aware people in the whole world. >> brangham: saleemul huq is the director of the international center for climate change and development at the independent university of bangladesh. he's in glasgow for cop26, and he's been to every one of these summits. does that explain all the gray hair on top of your head? >> indeed. indeed, the gray hair is one indicator. >> brangham: huq says the people of his country are following the talks in scotland closely. >> the poor people, in the poor countries of the world, feel the climate change problem

is a problem of injustice. it's not about environment. it's not about politics. it's about rich people polluting the atmosphere, and making victims of poor people, who did not pollute the atmosphere. and that's just wrong. it's immoral. >> brangham: one reason for that inequality is the failures of the world's richest countries to fully deliver on a promised $100 billion a year, starting in 2020, to help poorer countries adapt to climate change. while many argue that sum was far too little, the wealthier nations aren't even on track to hit that goal. in 2019, they provided about $80 billion-- up only 2% from the year before. >> it's not a huge amount of money-- the rich countries together could have figured out how to do it, how to provide it. they didn't. each country decided for themselves, "what is my fair share of this amount?" and that's it. and the rest has to come from

other people. so that, to me, is no way to run a show. you know, they were just not serious. >> brangham: speaking in glasgow last week, america's climate envoy, john kerry, said developed nations will hit the $100 billion mark next year. but he added: >> no government in the world has enough money to affect this transition. >> brangham: the distribution of these funds has also been unequal. one analysis showed that as of 2019, just 18% of the money in the green climate fund-- one of the ways these climate dollars get dispersed-- went to the poorest nations. over 60% went to middle-income countries like india and mexico. >> i come to you, not as a scientist, or an environmental expert, but simply as an island boy facing reality.

>> brangham: frustrated and sometimes despairing voices from developing nations have been heard throughout cop26. >> the maldives is challenged in-- from every single corner, and it is happening, and it is happening now. >> brangham: mohamed nasheed is the former president of the maldives, and now speaker of parliament. 12 years ago, to protest the damage his low-lying country was experiencing, he famously staged a cabinet meeting underwater. his country has to spend half its national budget adapting to climate change. >> if the plet heats about 1.5 degrees, that's a death sentence on the people of the maldives. the maldives and many low-lying islands and many coastal areas will find it difficult to survive, and we will have large amounts of people on the move. many climate refugees. and i think the instability that would create would be far worse than addressing the issue right now. >> brangham: janine felson is

another veteran of these climate summits. she's the deputy head of the delegation from belize, and also the lead negotiator on climate finance for the alliance of small island states. >> climate change has very, very different impacts across the globe. but for countries that are already in vulnerable situations, they are existential impacts. these extreme events can take away years and years of what people who are already vulnerable have taken to build up. it destroys everything in its path. we're not "in the same boat." we're in totally different things. we might be in a little canoe with leaky holes. but we're definitely not in the "same boat." >> brangham: felson says cop26, and meetings like it, put leaders from the richest countries, the biggest emitters, face-to-face with the countries bearing the worst of climate change. >> it's not just 44 islands speaking to major countries.

i think we have the public eye on leaders, so we're hopeful. >> brangham: saleemul huq is less optimistic about what might come from world leaders. >> i do not have great faith in an outcome coming out from them. one reason is that outcomes depend on consensus. nearly 200 countries all have to agree, including countries that don't want any progress, and they can hold it up, and they do hold it up. and so, whatever comes out is a very, very low common denominator, which is nowhere near what is needed to solve the problem or tackle the problem. >> brangham: as negotiations continue over the size and shape of future aid for the developing world, people like mohammad nirob will continue suffering the present-day impacts of climate change. >> ( translated ): we face the storms, scorching heat of the sun, rainfall, everything. the river has devoured everything. now we are struggling to live.

wife and four children have moved to a new house a few miles inland. he sends money from daca and tries to visit once a month. st/jgqáh&ike his, of course, there are millions and millions of them, and the hope amongst activists here is his stories and stories like it resonate within these negotiations going on. >> woodruff: and, william, we can see so much debate over how to help, what to4;÷ do about the poorer countries, but beyond this 100 billion, we understand there's an even more contentious nversation underway infá glasgow. tell us about that. >> reporter: that's right, judy, the $100 billion discussionn(>m about two things primarily, mitigating against future climate change, meaning help these countries build renewable energy projects in their country or adapting to future climate change like adapting farming practices. the new argument pushed forward is these countries should be paid for the loss and damages

from past climate change events, so payments from something like a drought that wiped out a country's agriculture yield or payments for things like a city being massively destroyed by a flood. the argument that these countries make is wealthy nations grew rich by burning, in large part, oil and gas and coal, but burning those fuels put out harming these countries and that they ought to be compensated in some way for that. as you can imagine, it is a complicated and divisive issue that has come up. but unlike the other climate finance money discussions, if this were to happen, this is not money that gets repaid, these would be grants or gifts that further complicates the issue. >> woodruff: and i'm sure a major sticking point is the size of these payments, william. as we heard john kerry say in your report, there's no government on earth that could afford something the size you're talking about. >> reporter: no, that's exactly right, judy.

in that samee1 speak, john kerry went on to say simply transitioning the most of the worlded to renewable energy would cost trillions of dollars. this is part of the constant issue we're hearing about mitigation and adaptation, theny rof& people here is that, when a climate-related disaster hits the united states, when a hurricane hits or a flood wipes out some town, america is wealthy enough to make those people whole, toé@■ put the plumbing back, to string electrical lines back up, to make those place somewhat back to normal. these nations cannot don$ and, yes, these costs are daunting. there's one estimate out there that, by 2050, climate-driven disasters just in the developed world could be one to two trillion dollars. so the question is will this actually happen here. and while we'vewx nation put out somewhat tepid statements saying they're

considering orñi acknowledging," spoken to here really police violence this is going to be legitimately on the table by week's end. >> woodruff: one day after another and still these debates continue. william brangham reporting for us from gl glasgow and you wille this there the rest of the week. thank you. >> you're welcome, judy.y,■ >> woodruff: it's been a year since one of the most contentious presidential elections in recent history, and it's no secret that political polarization still runs deep. but, a new project from the pew research center paints a portrait of the american electorate that is more complicated than just left vs right. it reveals fractures and fissures existing not only between political parties, but also within them. jocelyn kiley is the associate

director of research at pew, and she joins me now to explain what they found. jocelyn, very good to have you with us. let's talk about this survey. you interviewed over 10,000 people. you've divided americans roughly into nine distinct groups for this report. let's start with what you're calling the republican coalition. what does this group have in common? >> sure. so four of the nine groups we've found are clearly republican oriented, and they identify as republicans, they back donald trump over joe biden in 2020, and they are united in some of their political values, right, faith conservatives, committed conservatives, populist and ambivalent right are the four groups and their names and first and normost they share a preference for smaller government and think government too often does things better left to businesses and individuals. they're also generally united in their views of american foreign

policy at least when it comes to american and, you know, one of the other things that they are united by is that they generally reject the contention that white people in america benefit from advantages in society that black people don't have. >> woodruff: so those are what they have in common. you also, though, saw differences among them. talk about that. >> sure. there are quite a lot of cleavages within the republican coalition, and one ofs7■ the mot interesting is that we identified a group we called the populist right. they are really quite strong republicans, they are strong trump supporters, they are deeply conservative on any number of things, but they have a critique of the economic system. they have negative views of businesses and corporations, and in many ways, in that respect, they look a lot more like democrats than they look like other members of the republican coalition. we also see some divides when it

comes to social issues. so, you know, traditionally social conservative positions like lacking support for same-sex marriage or we've seen that traditionally republican groups oppose legalized abortion, we some divisions in the republican coalition on these questions. when it comes to foreign policy, we see a couple of groups where the republican groups are saying that the u.s. should go it alone in foreign policy, but we see two of the four republican groups really saying that working with allies is really essential. >> woodruff: so those are the republican groups. let's talk quickly about the four democratic groups that you lump together and what they have in common. >> sure. like the republican groups, they're generally united in their views about government. so there's a general support for saying that government should do more to solve people's problems,

that's something that unites democrats and historically has done so. it's also true that, whn it comes to some issues like attitudes about race and gender, we see that the democratic groups are more likely to say that women continue to face obstacles in society that men don't face, and it carries over into attitudes about race as well, saying that there's a lot more that the country needs to be done, needs to do in order to confront and get to the goal of racial equality. they're also generally united on economic issues at least with respect to saying that the economic system is not fair to all americans, and they generally support raising taxes on wealthy people and businesses and corporations. >> woodruff: now what about where democrats differ? what are u! the big areas of disagreement? >> yeah, there are a few there as well. i think one of the really interesting ones, and we've seen

this in the debate around police funding, is that actually several of our democratic groups are more likely to say that police funding should be increased than decreased, so a group we call the democratic main stays take this position as does a group we call the establishment liberals. two other groups, a progressive left group and outsider left group are more likely to say police funding should be decreased than increased, so that's a key division. we also see even when it comes to attitudes about climate, democrats are largely united in seeing that climate is an issue. they all identify it as a major problem for the country, they tend to say that the party and the country should prioritize the development of alternative energy sources, but it's really only our progressive left group that says the country really needs to completely rid itself of fossil fuels, and that's a distinction that i think is important to understand differences between democrats. >> woodruff: there's this one group that doesn't fit into

either party. >> right, that's the group we call the stress sideliners. about 15% of the public, and they're evenly divided in their politics between identifying or leaning towards republicans and identifying and leaning towards democrats. but wh makes them stand out is that they're not particularly engaged in politics. they're the least likely group to have voted in 2020. they say they don't follow politics terribly closely. so you do have this middle, but they're not really an active -- a politically active middle, and that's an interesting aspect of our politics today. and it's not all that different than in the past. >> woodruff: and would you say there are big messages from this for each one of the political parties? >> you know, i think it gives americans, not just the parties, but americans a the kind of internal politics that the two parties are dealing with, right. the two-party coalitions are actually quite big tents and they have to manage these

different constituencies and sometimes they're in conflict. so, i think, on the left, for instance, you know, we saw a little bit of this last week over the course of the last couple of weeks in congress for sure, and i think you an see the differences between the progressive left and the temmic main stays -- the democratict( main stays really are hard to navigate and there are those on the right similar in that way. three of the four republican groups are positive about trump but the ambivalent right stand)a out in that respect. coalition management is a really important thing for the parties, and i think it's also an important thing for the american public toe understand that often wei] talk about republicans and democrats and how polarized, we are, and that's absolutely the case, but it's true there are a lot of internal divisions as

well. >> woodruff: fascinating. there's a lot to dig in here to see for those of us who love politics and are so curious about it. jocelyn kiley from the pew research center, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: to find out which group shares your views, you can take the pew quiz on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: iraq has been rocked by violence following october's election, raising fears of deepening internal divisions and broader instability. iranian-linked parties that lost big last month have since staged protests, threatened u.n. and election officials, and are widely blamed for sunday's drone attack that targeted the prime minister in his residence.

special correspondent simona foltyn reports from baghdad. >> reporter: camped outside baghdad's fortified green zone, these men represent a new test for iraq's young, fragile democracy. they are members or supporters of pro-iranian parties who suffered a crushing defeat in october's parliamentary vote, losing two-thirds of their seats. even though the u.s., the u.n. and the e.u. praised it as transparent, they claim the election was rigged. >> ( translated ): the outcome is misleading. we had our own observers, who brought us evidence of our success in securing seats. >> reporter: complicating things further? many of the losing parties have armed wings. hassan jassem mahmoud ran as part of a political movement closely linked to an armed group that the u.s. has designated a terrorist organization for targeting american forces-- 2,500 of whom are still stationed in iraq.

mahmoud failed to win a seat, and says his supporters are ready to take action. >> ( translated ): if there is no action, and we continue to be penalized by the election commission and these negative results, then there will be a popular movement and these groups here will play their role. >> reporter: mahmoud blames prime minister mustafa al kadhimi, as well as the u.s. government, which backs him and which has funded the united nations election monitoring mission, for the alleged fraud. as the country waits for final results, these men tooait for further instructions. on monday, iraq's election commission finalized the manual recount to address complaints filed by losing parties. no major discrepancies were found, meaning that the preliminary results are likely be endorsed by iraq's supreme court. but these groups have shown time and again that they don't respect the rule of law. the protests turned violent

last friday, when hundreds tried to breach the green zone, a fortified district that houses embassies and government offices. two men were killed when security forces opened fire. both were members of another paramilitary group, whose leader has been sanctioned by the u.s. for human rights abuses. here he is, visiting the protest site and threatening prime minister kadhimi. >> ( translated ): you, kadhimi, hear it from me, revenge for the blood of the martyrs is our responsibility. which will be achieved by putting you on trial. >> reporter: hours later, three armed drones targeted the prime minister's residence, in the most brazen attack yet on the state's authority. kadhimi escaped unscathed and called for calm. president biden denounced what he called a "terror attack." but some observers say the strike is an unsubtle negotiating tactic to extract concessions in forthcoming talks

over government formation. >> as soon as we have the final results announced, we will move to the next stage, which is the beginning of the real negotiation. you'll see most of what is taking place right now will disappear. >> reporter: and yet, this election has exposed deepening divisions among shia parties, which have ruled iraq through consensus since the 2003 u.s.-led invasion. that is raising fears of an intra-shia war. influential cleric moqtada al sadr, who has cast himself as a nationalist and whose party won the election, said he wants to form a majority government, a break with the previous practice of dividing government posts among all elected parties. that idea of a majority government is firmly rejected here at the protest site. >> ( translated ): it's impossible. this will not happen. why? because muqtada sadr doesn't represent the shia. he only represents one side.

>> reporter: for now, an uneasy calm has settled over baghdad's streets. but, with both sadr's supporters and the iran-linked parties armed to the teeth, the failure to reach a political agreement could ignite fresh conflict. for the pbs newshour, i'm simona foltyn in baghdad. >> woodruff: journist cokie roberts, who died two years ago, paved the way for many women in the field of journalism, through groundbreaking reporting and authoring best-selling books. but to those who were closest to her, she was also known as a fearless matriarch, outstanding mother, and wife and beloved mentor.

i sat down with her husband, steven roberts, to talk about his new book, “cokie: a life well lived,” and what her legacy has meant for journalists, and women, across the country. steve roberts, thank you so much for joining us. >> great pleasure, judy. >> woodruff: what a wonderful book. what a wonderful picture. "cokie: a life well lived." that's true, and we still miss her. >> every day. but i did this book, judy, because there were two cokies. there was the public cokie, which listeners of public broadcasting know well, public radio know well. and, there were countless young women over many years who saw her on tv or listened to her on the radio, and said, "i can be that smart. i can be that strong. i don't have to hide who i am. i can be myself." and it was enormously powerful model, the public cokie. but there was the private cokie, who did something good for someone else, every single day. she lived the gospel, judy. >> woodruff: you're right, there was the cokie we all thought we knew, the journalist, the-- the

public person. but there was the-- the daughter, the-- the sister, the mother, the-- the wife. and someone who lived a very full life, engaged in her faith, engaged in her family, engaged with-- with-- and as you say, with so many friends. she had-- >> well, friends with, particularly her female friends. she had lots of guy friends, but she had a special feeling for-- for women. in all sorts of ways, young women who looked up to her-- and at her office in abc, there was a line outside the door. there could have been a sign saying, "the doctor is in," you know? saying-- because they wanted role models. and here was cokie with two kids, long-married, six grandkids. and these young women who were working with her and for her, "that's who i want to be. i want that life."

you know this yourself. as a mother in this business, you were a real pioneer, too. you were part of that whole generation, judy. there's a passage in the book about a woman who was very associated with this show for many, many years-- linda winslow is the producer here. and when she had an operation for ovarian cancer, who was the person who sat for hours outside the waiting room? it was cokie, because linda's family wasn't here, and someone had to be there. and cokie was absolutely determined she was going to be there for her friend. >> woodruff: and linda-- linda has never, you know-- the two of them were very close. but it was linda winslow, our former executive producer. but there's a story about our current executive producer, sara just, who-- who speaks about, when they were working together at abc. she had a lot to do with sara taking the job here, encouraging her and mentoring her. and-- but sara's story was so instructive because cokie loved doing needlework. she did a piece of needlework for every one of our six grandchildren. but there's another point to it. she wanted to say, not so subtly, "i'm not a guy in a

suit; i'm a woman here, and i am doing womanly things." and sara tells a story about sitting in a conference room, talking about recipes with cokie and doing their needlework and, as the guys are filing in, "so, maybe we should stop talking about recipes. maybe we should put away our needlework." cokie said, "no, no, we're not putting it away, because they need to know that we are women." and that was part of what was so important about it, judy, because she was a radical and a traditionalist at the same time. and no matter how visible she became, she always said, "we cannot, as women, lose sight of the roles we've always played, as the nurturers and the caregivers and the keepers of the family flame." >> woodruff: and she somehow just instinctively had that sense that that was something that was important for her to do. but it was not only that, steve roberts-- i mean, she had this extraordinary career as a very successful, brilliant journalist, covered capitol hill, covered american politics

for all those years. where did that come from? clearly, her father, and then mother, served in congress. so, it was in the family. but she really got politics. >> yes, her mother and father served a total of 46 years. we do not believe in term limits in our family. ( laughs ) but, it went way, way back. her seventh birthday party was the capital, judy. when she was 12 years old, she was giving tours of the capitol for her father's constituency. so, it was in her bones. it was in her fingertips, that understanding. but it was not just understanding, judy. it was respect. >> woodruff: yeah. >> you know, she believed in the life of politics as a noble occupation, and she believed in congress as the epitome of american democracy, and she brought that-- she was very tough and she was very skeptical. she was also respectful of the political life, which set it apart from a lot of power political reporters. >> woodruff: she believed in holding them accountable, but doing it in a respectful way, and respecting the work that they do.

one thing i want to ask you: you-- you knew her so well. and journalism has changed. i mean, at the time she passed, two years ago, journalism was already going through turmoil. today, even more turmoil. what do you think she would be saying about what we're going through right now? >> well, i think two things. i think she would be very regretful of the way journalism has become a target of some politicians, who run against journalists and demean journalists and use them as a foil and-- and a target. but i think she would be very strong in saying, "we can't let this turmoil unmoor us from our basic principles." and she would say, "with all the ways we've changed, all of the new technologies, all of the new pressures, let's not forget what our core mission is, and what

our core values are." and i think she would have been very strong in saying that. >> woodruff: one of many, many good lessons that come from the pages of this book. "cokie: a life well lived." steve roberts, thank you very much. >> judy, it's been a real pleasure. >> woodruff: bren smith has spent his life on the water. after seeing first-hand the harsh effects of commercial fishing on the climate, smith wanted to find a more environmentally friendly way to do what he loved. in 2013, he founded the non-profit greenwave to teach regenerative ocean farming techniques to fishermen across the world. tonight, he gives his "brief but spectacular" take on making a living on a living planet.

>> you know, i grew up in a little town in newfoundland, canada, the most eastern point of all north america. and all i ever wanted to be was a fisherman. those were my heroes. so, at age 14, i dropped out of high school and headed out to sea. this was the late '80s, on the bering sea, and it was the height of industrialized fishing. we were tearing up entire ecosystems with our trawls. most of the fish i was catching was going to mcdonald's. so i was, like, right at that peak of one of the most unsustainable forms of food production in the planet, producing some of the most unhealthy food on the planet. and that's where i began to realize, if i'm going to make a living on a living planet, if i'm going to die on my boat one day, we need to change our relationship to the ocean. >> regenerative ocean farming has been around for centuries. the first regenerative ocean farmers were indigenous folks in the pacific northwest, building clam walls. but i think the time has come because the climate economy, the challenge of climate change, is demanding that we change the

plate, right? that we, we shift things around. and instead of being like, "oh, what do we want to eat?", it needs to shift to "what can we grow?" what can the earth provide at this moment? and the oceans are one of the key answers to that. we really need to trade knowledge in order to build this, because growing food under water is really hard. i can't see the crops i grow. i can't swim. and my soil turns over a thousand times a day. the way we're going to counter that is by thousands of farmers working together, collaborating together, around the country and around the world. generative ocean farming is using mother nature's technologies to bring life back to the ocean and grow food. we're growing things that can't swim away, and you don't have to feed. so it means you don't need pens. you don't need to, you know, use antibiotics and pesticides and fish feed to grow these things. you're just allowing your shellfish and seaweed to soak up what's in the water, soak up carbon, sunlight, things like that, in order to grow, which makes it zero-input food, making it hands-down the most

sustainable form of food production on the planet. when you think of the farm, think of an underwater garden where you have a rope scaffolding system below the surface held down by anchors. and from there, we can grow all our different crops. we can grow seaweed vertically downwards next to muscle socks, oyster cages in the bottom, and clams down in the mud. and it's all below the surface. you come out to the farm and you just see some buoys. and that's so important. like, our oceans are these beautiful, pristine places. we need to keep them that way. there's a lot of ocean out there, and if you were to take less than 5% of u.s. waters and farm with regenerative ocean farming, according to the world bank, you'd create the protein equivalent of three trillion cheeseburgers and 50 million jobs. i mean, if you want to rebuild the middle class, if you want to address the harms of globalization, bring production, home, grow good, local food-- our waterways are our incredible way to do it. and i think that's-- that's what brings so many people to this space, but also gets me sort of

excited. when i wake up at 4:00 every morning, it's like, oh, i can be part of the piece of the puzzle of addressing the biggest crisis we've ever faced as humanity. my name is bren smith, and this is my "brief but spectacular" take on making a living on a living planet. >> woodruff: love his enthusiasm. and you can watch all our "brief but spectacular" episodes at www.pbs.org/newshour/brief. the colorado river supplies drinking water to nearly 40 million people. it irrigates almost four million acres of farmland. but a 20-year mega-drought is squeezing it dry. tomorrow evening, join pbs newshour's miles o'brien for a special hour-long event exploring the relationship between climate change and the fate of the colorado river basin. "tipping point: river on the brink" streams live wednesday at 7:00 p.m. eastern on www.pbs.org/newshour.

and on the newshour online right now-- farms and pastures inevitably take a toll on the environment. so, this landscape ecologist, brings stakeholders together to harness agriculture to solve its own problems. read more on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> the landscape has changed, and not for the last time. the rules of business are being reinvented, with a more flexible workforce, by embracing innovation, by looking not only at current opportunities, but ahead to future ones. resilience is the ability to pivot again and again, for whatever happens next.

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♪ ♪ hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up -- >> i don't think anyone can doubt our commitment to transition our company. >> a rare and exclusive interview with the head of bp. i asked the ceo about his promise that the fossil fuel giant can be part of the solution to climate change. and this is his most flagrant example of a stolen election as we have ever seen, and the world needs to know that. >> spotlight on nicaragua. congresswoman salazar joins me to up the pressure on power hungry president daniel ortega. >> it's just gibberish.