captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evenin i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: on the rise. millions of americans feel a price pinch, as inflation in the united states reaches a 30-year high. then, the tipping point. as world leaders struggle to build consensus, the ever-worsening climate crisis fuels widespread anxiety among younger generations. and, desperate journey. belarus uses migrants as a political weapon, in response to european union sanctions, following a crackdown on democracy activists. >> this is not a migration crisis. this is the attempt of an authoritarian regime to try to destabilize its democratic neighbors. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> woodruff: new numbers tonight show an inflationary wave is still building in the u.s. economy. the labor department reports consumer prices jumped more than 6% in october from a year ago. that was the biggest increase in 31 years. lisa desjardins begins our coverage. >> desjardins: across the u.s., signs and sounds of a problem affecting millions of pocketbooks. prices are up. the main sectors leading the surge have big impact: gasoline and food. >> it's terrible. who can afford to fill up 15, 20 gallons of gasoline? i know a lot of people are struggling. that is a heck of a lot of money. >> the prices for the seeds that i buy to produce these are also going up. that's already hurting my business, and on top of that, with the gas prices, you see i have a large vehicle i drive to markets far away. i use 10 to 20 gallons every time, and i'm a small business, it's hard for me to earn enough money.

>> desjardins: the average gallon of gas is now in the $3 range, up more than a dollar over just one year ago. according to a.a.a., that's the highest in five years. and the pinch is even higher in some places, like in california, where pumps show prices pushing $6 a gallon, and beyond. energy costs are fueling the national problem. in the past year, gasoline prices are up nearly 50%, and heating oil has soared 43%. at the same time, some people are looking at food, and what they can afford, differently. from grocery stores... >> i don't see anything going down anytime soon. but, you know, we have to eat, so, you have no other choice but to pay. >> desjardins: ...to food banks. >> i come here because i need food for my family. you know why? because the stores are very expensive-- the food-- and my money is not enough. >> desjardins: today, president biden toured the port of baltimore, and acknowledged one source of the problem: supply chain backlogs.

mr. biden pledged $4 billion for construction projects at ports and elsewhere in the next two months, and $3.4 billion to upgrade other trade facilities after that. >> we're going to reduce congestion, we're going to address repair and maintenance backlogs, deploy state-of- the-art technologies, and make our ports cleaner and more efficient. >> desjardins: house g.o.p. leader kevin mccarthy slammed the prident with a blunt statement, writing, "the joe biden plan for increasing americans' standard of living is a complete failure." economists and politicians disagree about how far and how long the price spikes will go. but, in daily american life, inflation is firmly here. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> woodruff: it is clear that this surge of inflation has already been higher and lasted longer than some had expected. we break down more about what is happening and the potential consequences. catherine rampell, who is a special correspondent for the newshour and a columnist for the

"washington post," joins me now. catherine, welcome back to the program. solpñ it seems that prices are rising across-the-board, just about everywhere you look. what is behind this? >> there are a number of factors that have been driving inflation. the most obvious one, of course, is the pandemic, the economy powered down, during the pandemic it's powering back up. thx all around the world, labor shortages that make it harder to find workers who can make the goods you buy, transport them, put them in warehouses, get them on to store shelves, et cetera. so you have shortages which are driving up prices.4üaand then of the calculation is the fact that americans have a lot of money in their pockets. they have accumulated savings in this past year. it is difficult or it is risky i should say still to spend on some of the common services that consumers used to buy, things like travel or going out to eat.

so they are buying more stuff. in fact consumers are buying more stuff today than they were before the pandemic began. so you have more demand for goods at the same time that the pipeline through which those goods must travel is extremely fragile. and all of that is leading to higher prices. >> woodruff: so these explanations affect everything from gasoline to food to furniture, people want to improve their homes. i mean you are saying that these causes affect every one of these things that people want to buy. >> right, there are shortages and bottle necks in almost every kind of product that people want to buy right now. and that is partly because people have money to spend particularly here in the united states. and it is hard tg/rs get the ths that they want to spend money on. so the result of that is shortages and upward pressure on prices for the goods that are available. >> woodruff: so we know that wages are rising some. they have been rising.

are they in anyway keeping up with this inflation?lp >> unfortunately they are not. americans have gotten pretty big wage increases over the past year. but they've been more than entirely eaten up i should say by those consumer price increases. so year over year adjusted fors@ inflation-- inflation wages are down on average, that is not adjusting for the exotion of the kinds of jobs that;g■ might have been created. if you have lower wagew3 jobs tt have been ske-w the overall average, of course, but otherå measures that do a just for the exotion of the changing workforce also0gz suggt that on networkers have seen their wages fall once you adjust for those higher prices. >> the question on everyone's mind how long is this being to last. the biden administration economists have been sayg it is temporary. others agree withçó him. others don't. i mean what.&y■ do you see right now? >> well, if i knew the answer to

that question i would be a veryv unfortunately we don't know. there is a lot of uncertainty, there is always uncertainty with any sort of economic prediction. but especially right now because the answer to that question is contingent on the path of the pandemic. whether various countries around the world can get adequately vaccinated and get people back to work, not just here but in poorer countri don't have adequate vaccineqhk supply. and that's, you know, that is distrupting their economy and their supply chain there. and it depends, of course, on consumer expectations. so there are thesee1 veryd tangible reasons that might lead to upward price pressure, thins like there aren't workers available to make the things that people want to purchase. but there is also, you know, sort of a fuzzier psychological aspect to all of this. how much do people expect that prices will increase? and that is the scary part,

everybody-- that the price pressures are caused by these temporary bottle necks, that they will begñ transtore, they n be transtore. but at the point that everybody looks around and sees prices increasing and says you know, maybe i should preem tiffly raise my prices too, that is where it becomes a self-fulfilling prove see and that is the state of the world we don't want to get in that, that the fed would be much more concerned about, and that is why they keep emphasizing, this is transtore, temporary, caused by the pandemic amidst other kinds of factors and if things get worse we will step in, before those inflation expectations get uncan chored and. >> and it sounds like some of those expectations are starting to get baked in. but just finally, katharine, in terms of connection to the pandemic, request we safely assume that if the pandemicm%b begins to lift that inflation will get better or not? >> it seems like that should

allay some of the pricing pressure, right, as long as the economy can ket back to where it it was in the sense that people have child care and they can get back to work, they're not afraid of going to work because it is unsafe for various reasons, that should allay some of the price pressures. but that's not the only factor. i mean you also have a very generous set of government transferses that is also po textually giving people more purchasing power. there are, again there is this psychological aspect that i hope we don't get to the point where everybody sort of assumes that inflation will come. more inflation will come. and therefore it becomes a self-fulfilling prove see but that's possible. that is the scary state of the world. so it is difñi-u1q■ to out. certainly getting the pandemic more under control would be a positive for all of these trends even if it doesn't ultimately have the final say on ending

this trend, inflation,ó[■ entir. >> woodruff: catherine rampell, helping us understand this very tough question aboutñi inflation, catherine, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, ten states have filed suit to block a federal covid vaccination requirement for health care workers. mostly republican state officials had already sued over similar requirements for large employers. meanwhile, the white house reported 900,000 young children have gotten shots in their first week of eligibility. kyle rittenhouse took the stand today in kenosha, wisconsin, and denied doing anything wrong wh he shot two men to death and wounded a third. it happened during racial justice protests last year. rittenhouse insisted he was defending himself in the confrontations.

we will take a closer look, after the news summary. at the u.n. climate summit, governments today considered phasing out the use of coal-- but, with no timeline. that's in a draft final document. it also calls again for cutting carbon emissions nearly in half by 2030, from 2010 levels. the president of the so-called cop26 gathering says the summit needs a strong finish. >> i still have the intention for us to be able to close cop26 at the end of friday. everyone must come armed with the currency of compromise. we all know what is at stake in these negotiations, and indeed the urgency of our task. >> woodruff: meanwhile, the u.s. and china pledged to increase their cooperation on climate action. they are the largest carbon emitters in the world. we will look at the climate issue later in the program. there is word that up to 300,000 afghans have fled to iran since the taliban takeover last august.

the norwegian refugee council gave that estimate today, and it warned that hundreds of thousands more will follow. but the taliban urged former afghan military pilots to stay-- without fear of reprisal. about 140 afghan fliers were evacuated from neighboring tajikistan on tuesday, to the united arab emirates. back in this country, a federal judge approved a settlement of $626 million for people exposed to lead-tainted water in flint, michigan. it means every child who was exposed-- plus many adults, businesses and others-- will receive payments. the money is coming mainly from the state, which allegedly ignored the problem for years. the u.s. treasury says the federal budget deficit fell sharply in october. it was $165 billion-- down 42% from the same month last year. the treasury credits economic recovery for boosting

tax revenues. and on wall street, the inflation report did a number on stocks. the dow jones industrial average lost 240 points to close at 36,079. the nasdaq fell 263 points-- nearly 1.7%. the s&p 500 slipped 38. still to come on the newshour: kyle rittenhouse takes the stand in his homicide trial, following last year's violent protes. hospitals in colorado struggle with the perpetual overload of covid patients. more subpoenas are issued as the investigation into the capitol insurrection intensifies. plus, much more.

>> woodruff: it was a fiery and emotional day in the courtroom in kenosha, wisconsin, where kyle rittenhouse is on trial for the murder of two men and the shooting of a third. john yang has the latest. >> yang: judy, a fiery day indeed. at one point, the defense moved for a mistrial over some of the prosecution's cross-examination. that followed rittenhouse taking the stand in his own defense, breaking down as he described the moments leading up to the fatal shooting of jacob rosenbaum. who was unarmed. >> i was corn ared from in front of me with mr. zaminsky. and there were-- there were-- people right there. >> yang: rittenhouse says he

was at the protests to offer first aid. during cross-examination, the prosecutor pressed him why he was carrying a rifle to do that. >> i need the gun, if i need to protect myself, if somebody attacked me. >> why would you think somebody would do that? >> i don't know. >> but you clearly planned on it. you were prepared for it. you thought it was going to happen. >> no, i didn't. >> yang: the defense objected to some of the prosecutor's questions, saying he was trying to get the jury to hear evidence the judge had ruled inadmissible. with the jury out of the courtroom, the judge criticized the prosecutor. >> my good faith feeling this morning after watching that testimony was, he had left the door open a little bit. now, there's something new, and i was going to probe it. >> i don't believe you. there better not be another incident. i'll take the motion under advisement. >> yang: the judge said that he would rule later on the motion for a mistrial. corri hess of wisconsin public radio has been following this case closely. corrie thanks for joining us, defendants don't have to)rl■ tae the stand in their own defense

and usually don't. what was it that the defense seemed to be trying to do with this testimony today? >> i think it was a surprise that kyle rittenhouse took the stand but i beeve that they put him up there because just having the jury see him and hear him talk, they got to see how young he is. i mean just his voice, he sounds like a teenager, he lookings like a teenager. of course he's 18 now. but they also got to really lit him tell his side of the story which he has not spoken about this before. and they got to see him as this good samaritan. they spent much of the beginning of his testimony'd&ñ talkingçoit all the volunteer work he did,:n this police prep program, he volunteered withmy■ the emt's. so they really went along with a tozv@a who was just out to help people.

even talking about the early parte1 of august 2020 where he went to kenosha cleaning graffiti. so i think that is why they put him on the stand within it also allows the prosecution to cross examine him. what did the prosecution try to do with that opportunity? >> well, the prosecution, you know, wanted to really drive home the point that there were thousands of people there that night and kyle rittenhouse was the only person who killed anyone. and they wanted to keep reinforcing that he had this rifle, this high-poweredded rifle,nd others didn't. and it was unlawful for him to have it, he is only 17 years old. and they kept talking about the fact that you know, he had this gun, he tried to say that he was just there to help people, toj3■ act as a gun and you know,q in the clip playing, he was out to kill. so that was what they were

trying to say all afternoon. >> and was that also the message that the prosecution rested their case yesterday. was that the nub of their case during the firsteven days of the trial? >> yes, that has been the-- throughout. that the guy did come, you know, this young imie came who is inexperienced, he might have been there in the iminning to protect a business but he very quickly moved into this crowd with a imun and he was-- he was quick to pull a trigger. >> and there was a lot of, there was some drama over this motion for a mistrial. an as weçóó[■g#■ heard a littlef the back and forth between the judge and the prosecutor, what was that allyi% about. >> well, there was a lot of dramae1 today. so in september theñi judge had ru&jñ■ thatñr several things tht kyle rittenhouse had done could not be talked about. and the prosecution tried, you

know, kind of tried to get that brought up in front of the jury. one of the things was that 15 days before the shooting, the fatal shooting dial-- kyle was her on video saying he had seen allege shot lifters at!/ was her saying he wish he had his riflec or kill these people, and theñi prosecution had wanted to bring that into the trial. the judge rule against it, he was talking about that tow. so things like this were, you know, really on the edge. an that's why the defense wanted a mistrial. so you know, it just got pretty fiery tow.ñt( >> an has the judge been as tough on the defense as on the prosecution throughout all this? >> it hasn't felt that way.a [÷ and certainlybm watching social meia along party linings,b8l■ym■ really, the juds

gotten a lot of pushback. but you know, it it also, the judge's role is to protect thegb person who is on trial an who is accuse. so i mean i think that it is something to take into consideration as well within the trial continuesçó tomorrow with the defense, continuing its case, corrie hess with?z# wiscon public radio, thank you very much. >> thank2íñ9 >> woodruff: nationwide, hospitalizations and deaths from covid-19 had been dropping around much of the country in recent weeks. but now, cases are on the rise again, in the midwest and new england, and they remain too high in parts of the west. some states, like colorado, have seen spikes that threaten to overwhelm hospitals. amna nawaz has our conversation. >> nawaz: judy, the colorado

department of public health estimates one in 48 people in the state are infected with covid. there are fewer i.c.u. beds available now than at the peak of hospitalizations last december. and, yesterday, the state implemented “crisis standards of care” to give more options to burned-out staff. for a frontline perspective, i'm joined by dr. ivor douglas, he's chief of pulmonary and critical care medicine at denver health, and a professor at the university of colorado school of medicine. dr. douglas, welcome to the newshour, thank you for making the time, take is us, if you can, insigh your hospital, what does it look like, what do you soo he? >> it st an exception lally busy time, much as we havegñ seen before, unfortunately we are dealing now with a very busy surge of covi 19 an a very substantial deçó man fortbx■ hol services for a range of other things. unlike the previous surges that we dealt with where we had a little bit of reserve, without the impact of social distancing,

masks an a relatively low immunization rate we are really at the pointw3 where-- what i am seeing is remarkable0l■ commitmt to care, our teams are doing really the utmost an i think that while we hear a lot about burnout wha we may not hear about is the what they have been asking for month to month an every day show up and do the st of care. it is a type of balance but the truth is we are am trouble. >> we are so grateful to them and so many others in other states as well. but tell me more about the surge what you are seeing. is there an average covi patient profile, mostly unvaccinate, older, younger. >> mostly unvaccinate, younger by about 15 years, very worrying because we are seaing patients who are preventing and getting very sick, very quickly. this seems to be a little different with earlier with patients who what languish a little while at home or languish in the hospital then get sick. we are now seeing younger people who really have no business

getting this sick and dramically ill very quickly. >> what is this crisis standard f care mean for all those patients with other critical needs? >> yeah, and i think that for our patients it may be-- okay, the point is the standard of care apply not just to the specific cares of covid patients but our ability to leverage additional resources, additional staff to bring to the care of all patients. the key issue about colorado's crisis standard of care is that while there is an activation it is done in a layered fashion and the most important initial phase of this is the crisis stands around staffing, what this does is open a channel for us at the federal level, for the support, additional expertise to do front line care, supplement services and most importantly allow distribute patients in a more rational, balanced fashion

within the space and not apply a strict adherence to ratios of certain patients to certain providers. at the end of the day we have to fre serve our workforce, while we are committed to the care of every patient we have lost large numbers of highly expert and professional people. it it is true we■lpi at the same time we've got to be there for tomorrow's patients as well. and if we-- to everybody there is no future and there is no cavalry coming so we have to do this in an affordable, careful way within dr. douglas, help me understand, statewide colorado has a relately high vaccination rte, why are you seeing this surge right now? >> the answer is we don't really know. but the likely answer has a lot to do withbe!■ delta virus and e fact that 70 percent vaccination rate is just not enough for herd immunity parte part two, there are poacts of colorado that are doing approximatelyically well, where there is great pride in what our state hasño' achieved theim unization rates are far about 70%, but there are pockets where

vaccination rates are muchgñ lower. where add hearns to social distancing and mask requirements are zero or nextdan to zero and where cohorting is worrying during the thanks giving and holidayñi period recommend añ'i tremendous worry, not just covid but influenza season, the real risk and concern that we will have a confluence of undervaccinated for covid and people for influenza an we are already at the top of our resource availability. >> we know there are new federal vaccine rules, vaccine now available to millions of more people including younger americans, what kind of impact do you think that will have on what colorado is seeing. >> we are tremendously-- about this, while the like leehood young people will get severe di ses from covid is lower, the benefit is that with young people under 12 getting vaccinated is it it protects the entire community of seeing around the holidays because the likelihood of a sim to

pat-- asymptomatic carrying, the likelihood that they will transmit to older relatives who have waning immunity from earlier vaccination,o are unvaccinated goes down, this is probably the most important public balance to the work we are doing at the level of personal care in the hospital right now. >> dr. ivor douglas joining us, thank you for your time and to you and your staff for everything are you doing. >> thank you for allowing me to join you, have a good evening. >> woodruff: in a recent pbs >> woodruff: this week, thousands of refugees from across the developing world tried to enter poland by crossing its border with belarus, its neighbor to the east. but, the european union says this is more than simply a case of the desperate journeys of families fleeing their homes. it is a meant to be an attack

against the european adversaries of the leader of belarus, the man considered europe's last dictator. nick schifrin reports. >> schifrin: along the poland/belarus border, a standoff. on one side, polish soldiers. on the other, refugees hoping for better lives. >> ( translated ): we don't have water, don't have food. how many time we waiting? >> schifrin: thousands of families from iraq and the developing world hope to get to poland, and therefore the european union. they trekked for weeks through forests, swamps, and freezing streams, through water so cold, mohamud got frostbite. from the water? >> ( translated ): i was walking for more than 14 or 15 days. >> schifrin: just a few feet away, somali migrant ibrahim did the two-week walk without any shoes. >> there's a shared responsibility on the part of poland and belarus for what can only be described currently as a humanitarian disaster. >> schifrin: lydia gall is a researcher for human rights watch, who just left the poland/belarus border. >> these people are completely unprepared for what-- what is in store for them. they come with normal suitcases,

clearly not aware of the fact that they will spend days, if not weeks, trekking. and then, by the time they get to the border area, they're being unlawfully pushed back by polish border guards. >> schifrin: that's what happened to mohamed, who said polish soldiers pretended they were going to help, and instead pushed them back into belarus. >> he told us he will bring us to the u.n. camp. so, they lied to us. we go with them, and they directly pushed us inside the border. go, go. and then they take our phones, they break our sim cards. >> schifrin: but back in belarus, the migrants are treated even worse. >> they can be kept there for days and days and days, without food, without water, being subject to violence, theft, robbery by the belarussian border guards, extortion, death threats. one man told me that basically they were told, you have a choice-- you need to die here or you go to poland. that is the choice you have. >> schifrin: their desperation is genuine.

but their presence on this border is manufactured. much of this footage is released by belarussian and russian state tv. european leaders say this crisis was created by belarussian president alexander lukashenko, who's using people as political pawns to pressure his european union neighbors. >> we have indeed reached now a very dangerous level of this hybrid attack. it is a very sophisticated scheme which has the elements of deniability. >> schifrin: arnoldas pranckevicius is the vice foreign minister of lithuania, another european union country, and belarussian target. in one month, 4,000 migrants tried to cross from belarus into lithuania, compared to 81 in total last year. >> there is ample evidence that suggests that the belarusian authorities have been facilitating this new illegal migratory route. it is really the highest level of cynicism to really accuse the victim, in this case the european union, and indeed the migrants.

we have become the victim of this hybrid operation. >> schifrin: he says the operation begins online. belarussian government authorities team up with middle eastern intermediaries whose facebook pages offer“ visas to belarus,” “direct flights from damascus, syria to minsk, belarus,” and “hotel reservations for one week.” another post shows belarussian visas in syrian passports. >> in belarus, who work in cahoots with travel, so-called travel agencies all across the middle east. and that's how they entice people: “we take you to the border, we make sure that we give you great g.p.s. coordinates. we even help you to cut the wire into poland.” >> schifrin: many migrants are vulnerable to the pitch. in northern iraq, in semi- autonomous kurdistan, halkaft mohammed says his son fled in september, and reached germany through belarus. >> ( translated ): we have no other choice. we are worried for our youth. our villages are besieged. i have no money.

if i had money, i would go with all my children, because we are very scared. >> schifrin: this week, lukashenko denied creating the crisis, but did admit in an interview aired on russian tv, he wanted to punish europe. >> ( translated ): you imposed sanctions against me, against belarusians. you went for a hybrid war against belarus. and you, bastards, madmen, want me to protect you from migrants? >> schifrin: but it is belarussians whom the european union says it's trying to protect, from their own government. last year, lukashenko launched an unprecedented crackdown on pro-democracy activists, and declared himself the winner of an election widely deemed fraudulent. in may, the government forced a lithuania-bound plane to land in minsk, in order to arrest an opposition journalist. the e.u. and u.s. have punished lukashenko with multiple rounds of sanctions. and, at the white house today, european commission president ursula von der leyen said they plan more sanctions on belarus and airlines carrying migrants. >> this is not a migration crisis.

this is the attempt of an authoritarian regime to try to destabilize its democratic neighbors. >> schifrin: today, e.u. and polish officials tried to show a united front. but, for years, migration has threatened to rip the european union apart, and today's crisis is designed to exacerbate internal tensions. >> such type of hybrid activity one can create big tensions within societies, could also undermine the governments from within. the only language that probably he would understand is indeed the more pressure and more sanctions. >> schifrin: but so far, there's no sign lukashenko-- backed by his main ally, russian president vladimir putin-- will respond to more sanctions. and, as the politics play out, innocent refugees are the victims. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: in a recent pbs

newshour survey, in partnership with the generation lab, kids and young adults said they exct climate change to have major implications for how they live. nearly two-thirds said that climate change will influence where they decide to live. more than half said it will change how and where they travel. and a third said it would affect their decision to have kids. that is on top of growing research that shows that young people are increasingly experiencing what's now known “" climate anxiety.” before he left for the global climate summit in glasgow, william brangham filed this report looking at how this is playing out in young people's lives, and their concerns about the future. >> ain't no power like the power of the youth because the power of the youth don't stop. >> brangham: these young protestors in downtown san francisco are frustrated by what they see as inaction on climate change. >> what do we want? >> climate justice! >> when do we want it? >> now! >> brangham: they're also here because they're worried about their own futures.

>> of course i have panic attacks about climate change. it's the biggest issue facing our society today. >> brangham: 17-year-old sofia palau is a member of an organization called “youth vs apocalypse.” it organized today's protest. palau says the group's name is no exaggeration. >> truly, what we are facing right now is the apocalypse. when people think, "oh, no one's going to die of climate change," then they're already discounting the-- all of the people who have died, in california wildfires, or all of the people who've died in hurricanes, or islands that are slowly going underwater, and people's lives who are being uprooted. >> brangham: palau says, thinking about climate change is overwhelming at times. it makes her nauseous. it makes it hard to concentrate at school. >> it's very stressful. like, last weekend, i had my a.c.t., but all i could think about was impending doom. >> it's clear that we have passed certain tipping points already, that have convinced

children that they are in trouble, that their futures are imperiled. >> brangham: lise van susteren is a member of the climate psychiatry alliance that's training more therapists to recognize and treat this growing anxiety. >> kids have told me that they don't want to pursue secondary education. what's the point? kids have said, of course, that they don't want to have children, because they don't want to bring a child into the chaos. and then there are other kids, who just become anxious by themselves and might take all sorts of responses. maybe, you know, eating disorders, some people, or just a general feeling of apathy. >> brangham: do you share any of the concern that some critics share, that we're overly scaring children? that the entire youth climate movement is stirring up fears that are terrifying kids inappropriaty? >> that is a common reaction aong some people, who do not want to face the reality. the kids are not dreaming this

up. they aren't living in a cave. they have seen with their own eyes. it's no longer just scientists telling them they have seen what is happening. and, for us to sweep this under the rug makes them feel even worse. >> this was always my favorite view. >> brangham: 25-year-old ana alanis is one of those young people who has seen the effects of climate change firsthand. she grew up in coffee creek, california-- populion 200-- a tight-knit community in the northern california wilderness. it's a haven, but it's one threatened by wildfires that are, in part, made worse by climate change. >> my climate anxiety looked at its worst, it was not being able to sleep and thinking about different disaster scenarios. it feels like you're trying to be productive, but it's very painful. >> brangham: for several years, alanis worried that fire would

come to her childhood home, where her mom and stepdad still lived. then, earlier this year, it did. >> it's still hard for me to say it out loud, but, on september 7, 2021, my family home of almost 20 years burned in a wildfire. it was surreal to realize that what i had feared for years, happened. and it was a mix of balancing relief and gratitude that we're physically okay, and we had more then, just incredible grief of what happened to my community and the areas around us. >> brangham: after taking leave from work and seeing a therapist, alanis is slowing learning how to cope. >> what i really want now is acknowledgment that my personal tragedy is happening, in the greater context of

climate change. because that acknowledgment is key. and because there's still so much that is threatened and still so much that we can save. i need that acknowledgment, so that way, this loss didn't just happen for nothing. >> who wants lavender? >> brangham: there are some groups popping up to help kids put climate change in perspective, and to give them a sense of agency. for example, in this interactive class in oakland, california, elementary-age students are learning how to make teas that are good for the throat and lungs. >> when we're having air quality issues, these are good teas to have. >> brangham: the goal is to empower kids, like eight-year- old kabir jacob, who's already thinking about climate change. >> i'm starting to worry about climate change, because every day, all these people and me, just-- not endlessly, for 24 hours-- just burn all this stuff that's bad for the earth.

so i'm getting a little worried. >> brangham: the class is run by the mycelium youth network, which uses technology and indigenous traditions to empower students. >> i had this huge sense that when the chips are down, that there is very little that, that, the government is going to do to support and empower poor people of color to be able to survive through something, and at something like climate change. >> brangham: lil maligro henriquez founded the group because she worried how this issue would affect her own kids, physically and mentally. >> kids as young as second and third grade know when the air is toxic. they might not have the words for it, but they know that they're experiencing it. but when we don't talk about climate change or the effects of it, that's when young people have a sense of anxiety, of hopelessness, of disconnect from what they are themselves experiencing, and what adults are telling them is what is important and what we should be focusing on. >> brangham: even as kids try to prepare for a changing future, many, like sofia palau, are

using their fears to fuel climate activism. >> i march, i protest, i take action. and that's the only thing that really calms me down, is knowing that i'm doing all that i can to stop climate change. but even if i'm just doing this, or my friends are doing this, or y.v.a., it still might not be enough for, of course, the giant changes around the world that we need. >> brangham:hose changes have to be made by older generations, who, she says, hold young people's fate in their hands. jidy, those young people's experiences are absolutely echoed by what we heard fromu!pc i met a young woman were kenya, her region is being hit with terrible drought and floods. but she's worried whether she ca live there when she grows up. i talked to two university students who say coming to cop and learning about the very real revolution that is going on in

renewable energy, how that helped blunt some of their concerns. and then i met a chemist who brought her two young daughters to cop so that they wouldn't be anxious about climate change. she said i want them to see that there are people from all over the world coming together trying to address this problem. so it is a really diverse and interesting group of young people whor negotiations very closely. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham. >> woodruff: former president trump was dealt another legal blow last night. this time, in his attempt to keep secret white house documents from the days leading up to and on january 6. it is a win for the house select committee investigating the attack, which seeks trump's materials, and the biden white house, which supported the release. yamiche alcindor joins me now to

explain what it all means. hello, yamiche, so walk us through this, we know former president trump was trying to keep these papers from being accessed by the house committee. tell us why this federal judge ruled as he did, as she did? >> well, as you just noted, judy, a federal judge in the district of columbia has ruled that former president trump, his request to hold back these documents is denied. that is in fact a win for the house committee that is trying to seek these documents related to diswran 6th. what is important to understand here is that this is a judge that really issued a 39 page biting decision in this case. i want to read to you part of what she wrote. she wrote presidents are not-- referring to former president donald trump, is not present, she went on to say former president trump retains the right to assert that his records are privileged but the incumbent president, talking about president biden is not constitutionally obliged to

honor that assertion. so there you have it. really this is a judge taking the idea that president biden whook has said that he will waie executive privilege on these documents, these documents requested, because the issues related to january 6th are so extraordinary. now the former president is continuing to assert that there is executive privilege claims here. i should also note this is really a large number of documents being requested by the house select committee. when you look at the documents that they are looking at, they are looking for communications, video, photographs related to former president trump, actions on january 6th, his speech on that day, also the planning and preparation-- also looking for white house communications, visiter logs, another thing they are lacking for is the white house response to what was happening during e violence on the capitol that day. an alsoçnãthey're looking for ad i have to read part of this because it is so extraordinary. all documents and communications from april 1th, 2020, to diswran 209, 2021.

that is a large breathed of documents lawmakers say are relevant and x%u"ed for this case. >> woodruff: so yak ich, what is next here, what legal recourse does the former president have? >> there is a deadline looming. the national archives has indicated that if there is not a decision reached by friday to stop them were releasing these documents that they will release it to lawmakers on friday. so there is the so of a time crunch. we should note this is the first time a federal judge is weighing in on competing executive privilege from a current president going against a former president. now when you look at sort of the way this case will go, former president trump has already appealed, so there is already an appeals process happening. once that happens, whatever the appeals court decision is, the loser, so whoever is not happy with the decision, they will likely then appeal to the supreme court. the supreme court will then decide whether or not they want to hear this cse. if they decide to grant that emergency request it do be a matter of days to hear from the supreme court or it could take long, it st going to be this

long legal process or this legal process happening because former president trump has said that he is going to continue to pursue this and democrats including chair of the house select committee thompson says he believes lawmakers have the law on their side. >> woodruff: speaking of chair thompson and that committee, yamiche, we know they are seeking other information beyond what they are asking for president trump this week. they let it be known that they issued subpoenas for a number of senior officials who work in the trump white house. where does all that stand? within that's right. just in the last few days this house-led committee investigating the capitol attack have doubled the number of requests, now the number-- subpoenaed.rgy some of the people on the request that have been michael fxt29 national security advisor under president trump, bill '8d8% campaign manager for the trump

2020 reelection campaign, kaylie mcenanney, stephen miller former trump senior advise whroar worked on imimraig, jason miller senior advisor to the campaign and a key spoke phenomenon for the former president john ethan is also on this list, a conservative lawyer who worked on a dubious sort of memo that was trying to convince then vice president pence to sub vert the constitution anthro out the 2020 election results. i should note what it is anyone's guess how these people will respond. the former president is really pushing people not to respond to these subpoenas, not to cooperate at all with the committee but will have been some people enimaijing with the committee so we will have to see what happens. >> woodruff: following it all, yam imp alcindor, thank you yamiche within thanks so much. >> woodruff: mexican artist frida kahlo has become almost as famous for how she looked as

how she painted. as a new exhibition at brandeis university's rose art museum reveals, that look was entirely by her own design. special correspondent jared bowen of gbh boston shares the story behind the story for our arts and culture series, "canvas." >> reporter: it was a deep and years-long cultivation. this young girl, already able to cast the camera in her spell at age three, growing into one of the most recognizable figures of the 20th century. she is frida kahlo. whose dress, hair, eyebrows were all methodically considered and constructed. >> she had so many mirrors around the house-- indoors, outdoors, inside the canopy of her bed-- and it was all because they were a tool for her to pose. she was composing her identities. >> reporter: gannit ankori is the director of the rose art museum, now presenting "frida kahlo: pose," a show she co-curated, tracing the path to an icon.

how mindful was she that there was an audience for most, if not all of these photographs? >> well, she was mindful, and she used to give her photographs-- autograph them and give them to people, and tell them, "don't forget me, never forget me.” >> reporter: the unforgettable face was first and often captured by her father, guillermo, an architectural photographer who watched his daughter evolve from this cheerful toddler to a young woman struggling after a bout with polio. it left her with a withered leg and taunted by her peers. she was severely injured in a bus accident, leaving her further disabled, and literally at pains to emerge as someone new. >> what's special about her is that she took all of that and not only survived, then created something that's so impactful.

>> reporter: in her early 20s, kahlo began wearing the traditional dress of mexico's indigenous women. >> she established a relationship between her wounded body and dress. >> reporter: longtime kahlo scholar circe henestrosa says that kahlo's dress was a nod to both mexican heritage and the powerful women who traditionally wore her ensembles. but, it also disguised her disabilities. >> this dress is composed by a headpiece, and a shoulder reveal, and a long skirt. so that means that the adornment of this dress is concentrated from the torso up. distracting the viewer from her wounded legs and her broken body. >> reporter: the focus on her upper body also accentuated what would become kahlo's hallmark monobrow and mustache. >> it informs also her gender identity, because her choice of dress and her construction of identity is not only informed by her ethnicity and disability and political outlook, but also by

her queer identity. >> reporter: among kahlo's identities, a masculine one. >> she was posing as a man when she was 19. this is a time when gender fluidity-- there was no name for that. but she was performing that in front of her father's camera. >> reporter: without inhibitions, as kahlo would demonstrate in photographs that document the close and sometimes sexual relationships she had with women in addition to men. >> she really teaches us a lot about ourselves. >> reporter: the pose kahlo maintained in pictures, often with a direct gaze toward the viewer and a slight turn of the head, was the same she carried into her paintings, which

ankori says were expansions of the photographs. >> she shows herself to think about herself with the cosmos, within broader contexts. >> reporter: kahlo was 47 when she died in 1954. bedridden and with one leg amputated, she had become, as she described it, “the disintegration.” although neither her work nor her look wavered. even, literally, on her deathbed, where she painted this final self-portrait. >> she's almost disintegrating into, becoming a flower. and she's still wearing a tehuana dress with the flounce, but you can see the deterioration, both of her body and her capacity to pull the paintbrush in her hand.

>> reporter: the very picture of a woman in full-- lasting, as this final photograph reveals, even into death. for the pbs newshour, i'm jared bowen in waltham, massachusetts. >> woodruff: a legend, and so alive right now. fascinating. and online, at 7:00 p.m., join miles o'brien for an in-depth look at how climate change is threatening the colorado river basin-- the primary source of water for millions of americans. if you're watching us live online right now, just stay put. that program is coming up next on our stream. you can find all that and more on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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