♪ >> good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight. the fight for the east russian forces focus their fire on the contested donbas region of ukraine in the latest chapter of the war. then. mask confusion questions abound after a judge blocks federal requirements for face coverings onublic transportation. and. rethinking college the pandemic exacerbates already stark inequities in college enrollment, particularly for black men. >> black males are not the thing that needs to be fixed. it's the structures and once they interface with that needs to be disrupted and changed. >> all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour."

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>> the john s and james l knight foundation. >> with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your local pbs station by viewers like you. >> the russian offensive in eastern ukraine took shape today, as moscow pushed more troops into the "donbas" region against dug-in ukrainian forces.

the u.s. says it believes this latest russian action is a prelude to an even larger offensive to come, and president biden said more artillery would be sent to ukraine, on top of what the u.s. pledged last week. meantime, the united nations secretary general called for a four-day truce to observe orthodox easter, celebratein both ukraine and russia, and to get aid to desperate people suffering under the russian onslaught. stephanie sy begins our coverage. >> as air raid sirens blare, those who remain in sloviansk a city in the donbas go about their day. many have already left, but coffee shop owner ivan chose to stay. his faith in the ukrainian army, unshaken. >> we were actually prepared for this. we believe in our army

and our victory, and tt the combat operations won't reach sloviansk. we will stay here till the very last moment. >> while those combat operations have not yet struck sloviansk, a russian missile attack less than 10 miles away in kramatorsk killed at least one person today. it's part of russia's fresh offensive to seize the donbas region in eastern ukraine an area moscow-backed separatists have been trying to capture for the past 8 years. as the assault unfolded overnight, president volodymyr zelenskyy remained defiant. >> no matter how many russian soldiers are driven there, we will fight. we will defend ourselves. >> local officials have urged residents to evacuate, but for the third day in a row no agreement was struck to open humanitarian corridors. in this front-line village, the vulnerable and elderly bear the brunt of the hardship. gregory is being evacuated by workers at

his *hospice*. too weak to move by himself, he thanks those who helped him escape. >> the main difficulty is that people that can't move, had to be evacuated. very ill people, who are living their final days or weeks or months >> in the first day of russia's new assault, russian forces have taken full control of kreminna a sign moscow is planning a larger offensive in the donbas region. but a senior u.s defense official today said the key port city of mariupol is still contested, and ukrainian soldiers are not willing to give it up. officials said today russia is still bombarding the city's azovstal steel plant where the last ukrainian defenders are holding out. they have refused another russian call to surrender. inside the plant, ukraine says no fewer than 1,000 civilians are also hiding. video released by the ukrainian military shows women and children reportedly sheltering underground. they say food supplies are dwindling,

but they're afraid to leave. >> my youngest child cries at everything he and the oldest one are starting to get depression. it's been really frightening lately even to go out ofhe bunker to use the toilet." >> russia's defense ministry said today it struck over 1,000 military targets across ukraine, but civilian areas are not spared. last saturday, a russian rocket barrage hit a residential area of kharkiv. the attack also destroyed facilities being used by the world central kitchen, a non-profit that's provided millions of meals for ukrainians that can't leave. >> as you can see, tremendous amount of damage - a day after the assault, nate mook, the non-profit's ceo, gave an inside look at the wreckage. he said four of his staff were wounded. i spoke with him today. >> there was just complete carnage. pieces of cars were in trees. there's definitely been an increase in the attacks here in

kharkiv even last night. it was constant shelling all throughout the night. you're just hearing the booms, the booms, they shake you inside. >> the organization has already set up at a different kitchen in kharkiv so it can continue its mission this one is underground. >> there are still a lot of people here stuck here and in many cases, unable to leave because of mobility issues. they don't have vehicles, they don't have money to do so. in these villages and towns all around kharkiv, the world central kitchen team, our local partners are a critical lifeline to families in these communities >> so even after this carnage that you witnessed right next to one of your operating restaurants still not shaken from your mission? >> what keeps me going is all of the ukrainians that i'm

surround by their strength and resilience to keep going. the fact that some of those injured staff told me they are ready to jump rig back in and get back to work, that really keeps us going >> meanwhile in the capital, kyiv residents line up to get their hands on a new stamp that shows a ukrainian soldier flipping off a russian warship. it depicts a moment of defiance from earlier in the war and a russian ship that ukrainians apparently sunk last week; the confidence of those moments has persisted. >> i've got the feeling that we are going to win. i don't know why but this feeling doesn't go away. the feeling that we will get our victory. >> for the pbs newshour, i'm stephanie sy. >> for more on the russian offensive on the donbas and why this part of ukraine is so important to russia, we turn to samuel charap, a senior political scientist at the rand corporation. he is the author of "everyone loses: the ukraine crisis and the ruinous contest for post-soviet eurasia."

thank you for joining us. give us a sense of what the region consists of. is it urban? the terrain? >> this is ukraine's industrial heartland. it has been a mining center. it is smaller than the state of west virginia. it is largely in terms of topography planes unlike north of kyiv where the conflict was taking place. russia has controlled around 30% of the territory to include the biggest cities for over seven years. it is trying to achieve control over the entirety of these two regions.

>> what difference would it make for russia if they were able to control all of the region? what would he give them? >> the pretext the vladimir putin gave for the war was to protect the people of the region who while russian speaking are not exclusively ethnically russian to protect them from what he called the genocide. the evidence for which was nonexistent. what he did in the day before, he announced his attack on ukraine, was to criticize the independence of these areas within their full administrative boundaries. the entirety of those two regions. one of the main operational objectives since the beginning of the war has been taking control over those two regions.

a significant concentration of ukrainian forces has remained on the front lines that was previously before february 24 the main front-line on ukraine, the site of the conflict there. if the russian forces can take the ukrainian military concentration out, it would be significant blow to the ukrainian military. >> how difficult or how easy is it going to be for russia to swallow up this big area? you were telling us it is bigger than people realized. we have all seen the ukrainian resistance has been fierce. >> absolutely. some of these places, they have had eight years to build defensiveortifications. to dig in. a frontal assault was never going to be possible or going to be extremely difficult. what they have tried to do is

encircle the ukrainian forces coming from the north and the south to the north which is why taking the town of variable was so important. taking a line from the north to the sea, that is 275 miles. having an effective encirclement is going to be difficult cutting off all lines of support the ukrainians have. it is not going to be easy, but it is much more achievable than fighting fiv fronts at the same time which is what the russians initlly tried to do. >> i have asked about the resistance because we have seen how strong it is across the country. in the region close to russia, we know many of the people who live there, some of them feel an affinity with russia. do you have a sense of how many do?

what is the public attitude there toward russia? >> from what we know about the polling that took place in the ukrainian government controlled areas, where russia did not control before this phase that began in february, there was not separatist sentiment, the desire to join russia or leave ukraine. people may have gripes with the government in kyiv, but they do not want to become part of russia. in ukraine, this is the paradox that to be russian speaking does not mean to be pro-russian or to want to leave ukraine. it's just historical different cultural identities. i don't think there is going to be widespread pro-russian sentiment in a lot of these places. >> meaning we can expect ukrainians to put up a fight, but bottom line is we are in for

what could be a long and protracted battle for the region. >> it is certainly not going to be a matter of days. weeks, at the least and potentially longer than that. >> thank you. >> thank you for having me. ♪ >> in the day's other news: the white house said it may yet appeal a federal court order against a covid mask mandate for planes, trains and buses. in the meantime, president biden said people should decide for themselves whether to mask up. monday's ruling by a federal judge in florida imposed a nationwide injunction against the mandate. we'll focus on the fallout, after the news summary. in afghanistan: a string of bombings targeted schools in kabul, killing at least 6 people and wounding 17.

explosions tore through a mostly shi-ite muslim area in the western part of e capital city. witnesses told of a series of rapid-fire detonations. >> we are close to the school. i quickly came to the site when the first blast happened to see if everything was okay. i was standing on the roof of my house and called my children to enter the home, suddenly the second blast happened, and i got injured. >> there was no immediate claim of responsibility but the aria has been targeted before. fourteen people went on trial in belgium today for allegedly supporting isis attacks in paris, in 2015. a court spokesman said most of the defendants are accused of terrorist actions before and after the gun and bomb attacks that killed 130 people. >> there are obviously quite different stakes from the paris trial, where the defendants are

charged with being directly involved in the attacks. here the accused are suspected of having provided assistance for example, helping people to go to syria or providing false documents or being linked to weons. >> the paris attackers targeted 6 restaurants and bars, a concert hall and the national soccertadium. palestinian protesters confronted israeli troops today after they let thousands of israelis march to a demolished, west bank settlement. palestinian paramedics said at least 8 protesters were hit by rubber bullets or tear gas canisters. in recent weeks, 26 palestinians and 14 israelis have died in rising violence. back in this country: lawyers for patrick lee-oy'ya's family say an independent autopsy confirms he was fatally shot in the back of the head by a michigan police officer. they say the results are evidence that the 26-year-old black man was executed by the white, grand rapids officer.

the official autopsy has not yet been released. the u-s energy department has launched a $6 billion-dollar program to keep troubled nuclear power plants on line. the agency cited the need for carbon-free power to fight climate change. under the program, federal funds will go to financially distressed units. the governor of florida escalated a feud with disney today. the company has sharply criticized a ban on teaching sexual orientation and gender identity to young children. in response, republican governor ron desantis called for repealing disney world's control of its zoning, fire protection and utilities. in economic news: the international monetary fund sharply downgraded its outlook for the global economy citing the war in ukraine. the i-f projected growth at 3-point-6 percent this year down from a january estimate of 4-point-4 percent. it slightly lowered the outlook for next year as well.

and on wall street: tech stocks and banks led the major indexes 1 and a-half to 2 percent higher. the dow jones industrial average gained 500 points to close at 34-thousand-911. the nasdaq rose 287 points. the s-and-p 500 added 70. still to come on the newshour new details emerge on the trauma migrant families are still experiencing after being separated under the trump administration. multiple mass shootings nationwide highlight the perpetual issue of gun violence a new hampshire community embraces the architectural impact and legacy of frank lloyd wright plus much more. >> this is the pbs newshour.

>> for the first time in two years, many airline passengers and some staff are flying today without a mask. the change came quickly and unexpectedly after a judge's decision. john yang has our report. >> and i just checked with the company, and the company's position is, delta position is, masks will be optional this evening for all crew and passengers as well [applause] >> in flight announcements yesterday met with jubilation after a federal judge in florida struck down the national mask mandate on all public transportation. within hours all major u-s airlines american, delta, southwest, and united stopped requiring masks on their flights. on a trip to new hampshire today, president biden was asked about the ruling. >> should people continue to wear masks on planes? biden: that's up to them. >> are you going to appeal the ruling striking down the mandate?

>> i haven't spoken to the cdc yet >> at washington, d-c's, reagan national airport, some expressed concern. >> to me it was worrisome, my reaction was worrisome because there is a constant surge and it seems like if there is a surge why are the masks coming off, we have seen that it's proven to work so it is very concerning and i'm wondering if this will add on to the surge. it has encouraged me to approach safety even more so, since others aren't. just wear a mask, wear two if i have to. always sanitize, well i do that anyway, well it's really got me alarmed and got me to distance myself even more from people. >> others welcomed the news. >> i was really excited cuz who wants to wear a mask? i don't really care for the mask mandate to begin with personally i don't think it does any good, as long as you cough in your arm and wash your hands so i don't believe the mask mandate did any good. >> but it is also nice to know i don't have to be required to wear a mask, it's my choice and for me i think it is a lot about

about having the freedom to choose to mask or not mask depending on what my situation is. >> amtrak also dropped its requirement. but some regional transit systems, such new york's subway system, have chosen to keep it. >> i just feel like mask mandates are coming down too quickly. people at my school are getting it like every day. >> it doesn't matter to me what they do in florida. i'm still going to be wearing my mask. >> you can see i don't got no mask right now so that's cool with me. better for me. i didn't even know there was one. >> today, ride-hailing companies uber and lyft said masks would be optional for riders and drivers but that local regulations could still require them for now, the result is a patchwork of rules on public transportation. the biden administration has been grappling with how long to keep the mask requirement on planes, trains and taxis. just a week ago, the c-d-c extended its rule to may 3rd, while officials assessed covid trends. but yesterday's court ruling short-circuited that. judge

kathryn kimball mizelle said that when a passenger is denied an airline seat for not wearing a mask, their freedom of movement is curtailed in a way similar to detention and quarantine. she ordered a nationwide injunction, despite noting that she quote shares some skepticism about the practice. but, she said, one was necessary to grant compete relief in the case. mizelle is a trump nominee who was confirmed by the republican controlled senate along strict party lines after the 2020 election. all this comes as u-s infections have climbed more than 40 percent in the last two weeks, although hospitalizations and deaths have fallen. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> the department of justice announced today that it is considering appealing the ruling depending on the view of the cdc. ♪

a new report out today indicates that a trump administration policy to separate migrant families at the border is still taking a toll. years after it was officially ended. the group physicians for human rights has found many of the parents and children who were split up continue to experience intense psychological and emotional trauma. many are showing signs of post traumatic stress disorder. hundreds of children have yet to be reunited with their families, all while the government navigates lawsuits around this issue and growing pressure around other border and immigration conflicts. to help us make sense of all of this i'm joined by our chief amna nawaz who has been following this story on going back for some time, so tell us about this report. and why is it important all e years later?

>> judy, first study that actually tries to take a look at what the long term impact of that family separation policy was, and you and i remember it well reported on it when we first learned about it in 2018. this was the zero tolerance policy that the trump administration put into place, forcibly separating children from their parents. 1000s of kids it was chaotic. it was cool -- cruel reporting showed they had no intention and no system in place to try to reunite them. so this study conducted psychological evaluations of 13 of those parents 13 parents who were separated at the border from their kids, some for months, some for years. most of them were deported without their kids, two of them remain separated to this day. and what clinicians found was that the trauma is still very real and very present all these years later. parents vividly remember their chilen crying and screaming being ripped from their arms by the guards when dad remembered after being reunited with his son. the first thing his son said was how could

you let them take me? one mom said i don't think i will ever recover from so clinician save on ptsd, depressive disorder, thoughts of suicide, recurrent nightmares and the fear of being separated. in all of these parents. and this is the key takeaway from their study, judy, they say they conclude each of the 13 cases documented constituted torture and temporarily enforced disappearance. judy, those are violations under international and domestic law and experts say they require some kind of redress. >> and what kind of redress? would that be? i mean, what are they looking for from the government? >> so they ask parents, what would be helpful what kinds of bills that they need to move forward? they want the work to continue to reunite families, as you mentioned, hundreds of families still remain separated to this day. they want laws passed that prevent this from happening again. they want a formal apology from the us government which we haven't seen, and they also are seeking some kind of monetary compensation for psychological therapeutic support leads that they experts say they will have in the years ahead so that monetary compensation is part of an ongoing lawsuit. the aclu brought that along with other

people, the biden administration is fighting that they picked up the trump administration's battle on that. and we spoke earlier today with the aclu alert who is fighting the biden administration in court on this and here's what he had to say about that fight. >> the biden administration thinks that it was morally who wants to fix it, but i don't know that they're doing everything that they are allowing them to be reunified, that it's critical, but they have walked away from the negotiating capers provide monetary compensation, and we still don't know whether they're going to provide a clear pathway to allow these families to remain in the country. i hope the american public realizes that this is still going on. >> this is one thing we heard from everyone they talked to was there's an assumption family separations, and it's been dealt with people are reunited and it's over. and that's just not true. the harm that was caused has ever been recognized. separations continue, though not on mass, and there's actually no rules in place that would prevent this from happening again.

>> i think you're right. many people have no idea. it was just the pain would linger like this and all this is going on, as we know the number of borde crossings continues to go up and as the biden administration is on the verge of doing away with this ruling so called title 42, which is expected to bring even more people. >> right we've been reporting on this the border numbers are high. they have been high going on for several months. they're taxing already stressed border system and then by the the administration says it's ending title 42 on may 23. that was the cdc pandemic rule basically expelled most people immediately at the border. so homeland security officials, civil soety groups are doing what they can to get ready. they're antipating an increase at the border. but we have already seen already seen the trafficking networks of people who are in the business of moving people ramping up their efforts too and so we are seeing an increase. officials tell us

not just for people coming from mexico from central america, but much further afield. brazil and venezuela from india from russia and ukraine in recent months as well. that makes it much harder to process and enforce the border. we actually spoke to one sheriff, a man named mark daniels. he's from cochise county, arizona. it's a border community just east of tucson to ask what he's been seeing. here's what he said. >> we've seen from human smuggling to drug smuggling cash, weapons, you name it over my 38 years in law enforcement work and i will say this, this is the worst it's ever been the impact we're seeing if you compare that to two years ago, we are on camera system. we saw a max of 400 a month. now we're pushing 8000 a month. >> sobering, sobering to hear that. so finally, i don't know what about the politics of this. we are in a midterm election year it is just months away when people go to the polls. how much of an issue is immigration

expect it to be? >> is so complicated, because it's not just democrats on e side and republicans on the other. a number of democratic senators now are some of whom are facing voters in november, we should note are also criticizing president biden at the border policies. we've put together a list of just a few of them we've been seeing that criticism from the include senators kelly, warnock cortez, masto, hasson cinema manchin, tester, peters and coons. now, we should say the white house has always said anyone who wants to work on immigration reform democrat or republican. you're welcome. we want a safe orderly system. the system has not been meaningfully changed in 30 years, it would take congress to do that they have failed to act again and again. so we ended up where we always ended up which is the people who are trying to enforce the border and the people who are seeking safer ground trying to cross it gets stuck in the middle and that's where we are today. >> immigration has been such a tough issue for so long. and what you're saying is that it's still is still it's very much so >> thank you very much

♪ >> tre were several mass shootings across the country over easter weekend. leaving many to question yet again about what can be done to curb worsening gun violence in america. william brangham has our conversation. >> judy, this weekend, two children were killed and eight others wounded in pittsburg, after a shooting broke out at a party. in south carolina, two mass shootings happened just hours apart, one at a shopping mall, and another at a restaurant. more than 20 people were injured. that makes at least 146 mass shootings where four or more people are shot so far this year. for more on what can be done to prevent these tragedies, i'm joined by mark follm. he's long covered this country's epidemic of gun violence, and is now out with a new book, trigger points: inside the mission to stop mass shootings in america

these shootings are not what we typically think of as mass shootings. these are gatherings where there's a lot of armed people and things interrupt. these are typically difficult to disrupt. >> we tend to think -- think of these on monolithic terms. certainly in in highly politicized terms in our country, but this is a complex problem. there. are versions of it. and what we saw with this spate of violence over the weekend is sort of one version of it, which is more kind of reactive in nature where you have groups of people kind of getting into heated fights and then and then turning to guns. that's different than some of the other public mass shootings that are so high profile and traumatizing that we keep seeing in the country as well. >> it also seems that the ready supply of guns not just makes these types of beefs to use that

term more deadly, but they also seem to fuel them in the sense that if i think everyone is armed, then i then convince myself i need to be armed and thus, guns is how we settle things. i mean, is there any evidence to how we disrupt that particular cycle? >> i think it's difficult and we're experiencing a surge in this now. a lot of people have been asking the question why, i think you know, if we look at the increasing kind of political volatility and rage and polarization going on in the country, all the stresses from the pandemic of the past couple of years, and there's been record gun buying as well. we have an estimated 4 million firearms in this country now. easily accessible in many places, this issue with ghost guns that's been at the forefront recently. so all o this together, i think makes it very difficult to solve these kinds of explosive sort of reactive events that we're seeing a spate of now, >> your book trigger points,

zeroes in on what we think of as the more archetypal type mass shootings like at virginia tech, young man kills 30 something people clearly a disturbed young person. you argue in the book that we have all sorts of myths that we've built up around these types of shootings. what are those myths? >> well, there are a couple of really big ones that i think fundamentally misunderstand the problem of mass shootings, in terms of how the general public perceives them, one of them is that all this is should be blamed on mental illness that all of the perpetrators of these attacks are crazy, and they just snap that's a term we use a lot in the media there. the question is often asked ie aftermath, what made the guy snap that's not how these cases work. when you study the research into these attacks, as i have for trigger points and and the field of prevention work that i focus on in the book, you can see that all of these are planned

attacks. this is predatory violence. so it's distinct from what we were talking about earlier, which is more reactive in nature. these are people who are developing violent ideas over time, taking steps to plan and prepare and then carrying out the attack. so that's a different issue a different probm with different possible solutions, and some potentially ry promising ones in terms of a window of opportunity to step in and try to prevent it to intervene before it's too late. >> it does seem like if there are these warning signs along the way that stepping in in that moment is the key to this. but there are seemingly so many obstacles to that. i mean, our gun laws, our privacy laws, the the correct fear of stigmatizing mental illness. are there good solutions to addressing at? do we do a good job of intervening? >> i think we could certainly do more. and the focus of my book trigger points is on the field of behavioral threat assessment, which i think does have some

real promise here. there's more of it going on in the country. now. it's a collaborative effort between mental health experts, law enforcement, education leaders, people in the workplace and others who are working together to try to evaluate cases of concern, and then step in and prevent people from going down with the field calls this pathway to violence, which is the planning of these kinds of attacks we're discussing. and there are quite a few successful examples of where this is work. i write about them in the book, i was able to gain access to cases where cotructive prevention measures, getting people mental health help getting them educational, or employment support over time can really divert an individual away from violent thinking of this nature. >> in our current political environment, the refrain that always follows is common sense gun control, magazine capacity limits, red flag laws, waiting

periods, etc, etc. does your research indicate that those things would have a meaningful impact on gun violence in america? >> i think they can. i think there's some strong evidence, more state and local level that some of these policies are very effective. one that you mentioned, the so called red flag laws is a tool that has grown a lot in the past few years, and intersects very directly with the work of threat assessment, this form of community based prevention, because you're talking about addressing specific cases where people are raising serious concerns that they are posing a danger to themselves or others. and in that case, the question becomes, should is person have access to a firearm and so these laws now provide a tool where family members and in some cases, law enforcement can go to a judge and have a court proceeding to determine whether or not to take that firearm away? we're always asking the question, you know what, how did a person like this mass shooter after the latest one, get a hold of a gun? how do we keep guns out of the hands of peopleho do this? well this is one tool

and it's been growing. >> alright, journalist mark fuhrman, the book is called trigger points. thank you so much for being here. >> my pleasure. thank you for having me. ♪ >> enrollment in higher education suffered across the board during the pandemic. community colleges faced the sharpest declines overall. more than 700-thousand students, many of them lower-income, dropped out or delayed school. that's a 13-percent drop from 2019. black male students left in droves down 21 percent. even before the pandemic, there were concerns about black men completing their degrees. stephanie sy reports on efforts in california to reverse that trend. it is part of our latest series on rethinking college.

>> every morning chris adams is in the zone studying for the l-sat, like his life depends on it for the 34-year old recent ucla graduate, law school wasn't always in the cards. >> my parents moved a lot when i was young, so i went to different schools and just being in different environments where they probably didn't understand, you know, where i came from, or who i was. >> you were a child. >> yes. i was looking for guidance, didn't really know how to academic settings would be, didn't really know what to expect, didn't have like, good studying habits >> adams school trouble led to him being arrested at 16 and juvenile detention. he dropped out of high school and became a dad. his educational prospects dimmed. >> what's more important, you know, taking care of your family, you know, paying the bills or going to school? >> his local community college in sacramento offered a gateway back into education. everything changed when he met edward bush, the president of the college. >> every student has the potential and ability to succeed

in college if given the correct support and tools necessary to be successful. so in the situation with chris, he had the passion, he had the intelligence to be successful, but was struggling just because he didn't have practical tools. >> chris adams found a mentor in bush. >> i want to do all these different things and he just listens and gives me a nice little plan you know on how to achieve that >> he gives you a plan. >> he gives me a plan. >> put in those hours, you know, how many units it says that you are completing, that's how many hours you should be spending, if it's three units, spend three hours studying i never thought about it like that. >> he graduated with honors from consumnes river college and transferred to ucla. >> black males are not the thing that needs to be fixed. it's the structures and once they interfacwith that needs to be disrupted and changed. bush co-founded a2mendamend) in 2006, with a mission of fostering success for black men at california's community

colleges. >> we focus on not only providing support to the student, but i think most importantly, we look at structures that have been barriers for our students. students and educators from across the state recently attended a2mend's annual conference in los angeles. >> if this is your first time here, i just want to tell you, this is a different kind of conference. >> it was as much about networking and learning as it was a celebration. >> oftentimes, people wanto focus on oh, the uc or state systems, or private schools or this or that, it's about community colleges + applause this year was the first in person gathering since the pandemic which took a disproportionate toll on communities of color. the racial inequities that were laid bare by the pandemic are also at play in education, says bush. >> many of our students can go entire k through 16 and not have one black male teacher! and

that's not the case for other ethnic or racial groups. and so because there's a lack of connection, they don't have the same information poured into them over a period of time. and so that creates a gap in opportunity and knowledge necessary to be successful. >> 70 percent of black men in california pursuing higher education attend a community college, but degree attainment and completion lag bind other groups. a recent analysis by the education trust found about 27 percent of black men held a college degree, compared to just over 44 percent of white men. that has impacts beyond the ivory tower of college. higher levels of education often mean higher incomes, more spending power, and less likelihood of incarceration. bush also explains the black male achievement gap as rooted in historical discrimination and psychological. >> there's a lot of internalized negative stereotypes about who we are. for example

when you get on the elevator and someone is in there they clench their purse. or, you're walking down the street, someone will go the other side. these are daily occurrences that sometimes we put in the back of our mind because the totality and the weight of it is difficult to carry. >> during the pandemic, community college enrollment suffered broadly. but black n saw the steepest decline, continuing a downward trend that compton college has put resources toward fighting. with most classes still taught virtually under pandemic protocols, the campus was largely empty but college president keith curry is particularly concerned about the absence of black men -- in enrollment figures and in other metrics of success. >> my data is showing that the black men are not doing well, and retention within a particular course, they're not doing well, and persistence, come back next semester. they're not doing well regards to graduation rates we have to do something different. compton college is located just south of downtown los angeles. the area has seen the black

population decline in recent years. but, black male enrollment at the college has fallen even more. enrollment of african american men plummeted from 919 in the fall of 2019 to 269 in the fall of 2021. >> it might not affect all of our groups on campus, but the particularly the black and male of color students are our priority based off the data. so what can we do as an organization to fix that? that's the key to it is just really being thoughtful >> using pandemic relief funding, he created the position of director of black and males of color success at compton college. >> for these individls, they said, oftentimes, it was just one person at the campus saying, hey, i'm going to take you under my wing and showou this is where financial aid is, this is where orientation is, this is what you need to do to get this resource and things like that. antonio banks' role is to

develop a system to help black male students avigate compton college. with more than half of its students food and housing insecure and nearly a quarter experiencing homelessness, he also tries to find ways to help students with stressors outside college. >> one of the biggest prohibitive factors for black men and men of color in community colleges have historically been food insecurity, right? housing insecurity and transportation issues. the market that we're in right now is only exacerbating these issues >> high prices for everything, >> high prices for everything. >> banks attended the a2mend conference with compton college students. organizers hope the kind of *mentorship* opportunities at these events lead to more black men in college reaching their full potential the way connecting with dr bush did for chris adams >> when you look at your impact on his trajectory. what do you feel? is it pride? >> mean, hell. a 3.9 gpa, right? he can have his choice of law school! i can't really take credit. because it was already inside of chris.

>> it's really somebody validating you know what you've been doing, you know, and telling you, leading you in the right direction. >> and he's now doing that for his own 15-year old son. keith was recently accepted into a top high school, that chris hopes will put him on the track to college. for the pbs newshour, i'm stephanie sy in los angeles. >> the currier museum in manchester, new hampshire, is where you'll find two homes designed by architect frank lloyd wright on the same street a rarity. special correspondent jared bowen of g-b-h-boston brings us the story of how these homes now open to the public came to be. it's part of our arts and culture series, canvas.

>> on a new hampshire street dotted with traditional new england homes, there are two very different ones. built more than 60 years ago, when the neighbors cried there goes the neighborhood, at least it was going to architect frank lloyd wright >> there was quite a stir at the beginning. they referred to it pejoratively as the chicken coop, but today they've embraced it.' >> it is the zimmerman house built for a married couple in 1950. and echoed just a few houses down in a home built for the zimmerman's friends, the kalils five years later. both mark a moment when the aging frank lloyd wright, one of america's most celebrated architects, believed he still had much to say. >> he was influenced by prairie architecture, but also by japanese architecture. >> alan chong is the director of the currier museum of art which inherited the zimmerman home, fully intact, in 1988. it purchased the kalil house in 2019 the first time it had ever come up for sale. >> we regard these two houses as works of art, so they're technically part of the llection. we maintain them for the public; for the future.

>> botcouples busy, childless professionals working in the dical field wanted homes that would be modern, but also feel warm. so they reached out to wright. then in his 80s, he was re-engaging in residential design. kurt sundstrom is the currier museum's senior curator. >> he saw this opportunity after world war two with people buying homes, the getting out of the depression, that there was an opportunity to create beautifully designed homes for the middle class. >> even if from the front and to the neighbors' chagrin, it didn't look that way. >> if we look at the street view, the facade of this building, it's like a militaristic building. it very much keeps the privacy of the individual. but then when you look outside, you have this magnificent open glass wall that leads on to these beautifully designed gardens. and those colors integrate beautifully with this building. so what is actually a small home feels expansive in this

environment, but also very protective from the outside world. >> in all elements of the home, wright andis design team were all in. surviving letters reveal the couple gave the architect free reign right down to their stationery and a music stand for the music lovers. >> he designed everything. for him, it was the whole rather than, i'll just build the house and then you guys can furnish it whatever way you want. architecture, in a building like this, was a complete work of art. you can see, even in the woodwork, the level of detail is extraordinary. this is georgia cypress. he takes planks and the planks are married when they turn a corner, so they're the same piece of wood. >> wright designed both the zimmerman and kalil homes while also working on the guggenheim museum in new york city. all three projects are similar in that they adhere to his philosophy of organic architecture. >> these houses are of the earth. the house almost seems to rise out of the landscape and you'll see in both houses, certain areas of the house go below grade. so that integration

right into the landscape is essential for these homes. >> the houses were also studies in simplicity. or at least they were supposed to be. as the currier's andrew spahr explains, they were designed under a system wright called usonian automatic. >> well, usonian was sort of his play on the united states of america, and usonian was his philosophy for building these houses and villages, cities. and automatic was intended to imply that the owner could construct the house. >> by way of a builder's roadmap not unlike legos. >> there are approximately 12 or 13 different, distinct blocks that were designed to construct this house. there were only seven of these houses built, ultimately, anthe owner or the contractor would construct molds, and would then cast these concrete molds to make the blocks. and you would do a tally as to how many of which kind of blocks you needed to construct the house. >> to be clear, both the

zimmermans and kalils hired builders. and for the subsequent decades they lived in their homes, the couples kept them just as both they and the architect wished. so that two of frank lloyd wright's final projects could also be lasting ones. >> their home, they recognized they were only temrary owners, and that it needed to be passed on. it's the way we buy a work of art. you know, someone, a private person buying a rembrandt, you're just a temporary custodian. and that's why the currier is so fortunate to have two homes showing two different aspects of a similar type of home that he was designing. >> for the pbs newshour, i'm jared bowen in manchester, new hampshire. ♪ >> muslim women in the u-s often experience discrimination in many aspects of their lives. and that includes health care. through her work at at a

national non-profit, sa-hare' peer-zada is working to curtail that mistreatment and advocate for reproductive justice. tonight, she shares her brief but spectacular take on gendered islamophobia. >> i grew up in the san francisco bay area. i went to an islamic school from second to eighth grade. and 9/11 actually happened when i was at the islamic school, and i was quite young at the time so i don't think i had the language to really make sense of it, but, our school was shut down for like a week because we were getting death, threats and bomb threats. i was still in a bubble though. i was still sheltered from kind of the day to day microaggressions and discrimination that i know a lot of my peers and, and community members were facing at the time. it's also become so much more normalized to experience islamophobia on a daily basis. at heart, i am the advocacy manager. heart is a national nonprofit, and our mission is to

advance reproductive justice and uproot gendered violence by promoting choice and access for the most impacted muslims in the united states. as i was doing my research, i came to learn a lot about how during the time of the prophet, peacbe upon him, people used to ask a lot of very explicit questions about sexual intimacy and sex in general, because it was part of their responsibility of taking care of themselves and taking care of the people that they're in relationships with. there were, there were records of people asking questions about rights within a relationship when it comes to pleasure. and so you could have have sex not just for the sake of reproducing. and that is something i think is really beautiful and sex positive. at heart, we are a religiously informed organization but at the same time, we're a public health org, right? so we are not going to shame people for the decisions they make around sex, but we are gonna be there as a resource for them. when we're thinking about

reproductive justice, it's including, uh, living in communities that are free from violence. and when you're looking at the muslim community, we're also specifically loong at gendered islamophobia. i, myself am so passionate about this work because i've experienced gender islamophobia when trying to seek services for my reproductive and sexual health. for many years i lived with disregarded my pain and, um, said stuff around, well, you just need to relax. you need to have more sex. maybe it's just because of your religion or your culture. um, and that was because of the narratives they were fed about me as a muslim woman who could never be a person who is sex positive. and it wasn't until three years after that i got diagnosed and then started to receive treatment. i think this is a common experience for women of color in this country where our pain is invalidated. culturally, there aren't enough spaces where we can have these honest conversations in safety and in affirming ways. i think we can disrupt these

cycles of generational and institutional silence by creating the spacethat we've always wanted for ourselves. my name is sahar pirzada, and this is my brief but spectacular take on gendered islamophobia. >> you can watch more brief but spectacular videos online at p-b-s dot org slash newshour slash brief. online right now, inflation in the u.s. grew last year by the fastest rate in over 40 years with prices being driven up by slowed supply chains, global food and energy disruptions and the russian attacks on ukraine. we take a quick look at how this will impact american consumers on our instagram. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe and we'll see you soon. >> major funding has been

provided by architect. beekeeper. mentor. a raymondjames financial advisor taylor's advice. life well planned.

hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & company." it here is what's coming up. as russia prepares for its offensive in the east, it is striking ukraine's military infrastructure, both in lviv and kyiv. lviv's deputy mayor gives us the latest. >> we think err ukraine's most fragile number. >> my conversation with the country's foreign minister. and -- >> we are fami. we can run around kicking football all day. >> 20 yes late, the trailblazing film "bend it like beckham" still inspires. why it made such an impact all over the world. i am joined by the director. also ahead.