amna: good evening and welcome. i'm amna nawaz. judy woodruff is away. on the "newshour" tonight. crucial technology -- amid a global chip shortage, congress weighs legislation that could boost production in the u.s. we discuss what comes next with the secretary of commerce. >> we need to make more of these on our shores in the united states so we cannot only korean jobs, but -- only create jobs, but protect our people. amna: then america addicted -- new data reveals a dramatic spike in overdose deaths among people of color during the first year of the pandemic. and after roe -- doctors in red states worry that abortion laws could hinder their ability to treat patients in life or death situations. all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour."

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>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. amna: today has been the hottest day ever recorded in britain. the country baked under superheated air that sparked fires, buckled train tracks and touched off a torrent of emergency calls. as stephanie sy reports, it is part of a larger weather emergency that has lted for days. stephany: a scorching heatwave

continues to engulf europe, smashing high temperature records. in the uk tuesday, the mercury hit 104.5 degrees, beating a record set in 2019. as the heat wave moved north to germany, residents sought ways to stay cool. >> up until the early afternoon, the pool is quite pleasant, especially with small kids but once it gets too hot, we're going home. stephany: but most homes in europe don't have air conditioning, which makes the heat more dangous. officials have tallied more than 1000 he related -- heat related deaths so far in portugal alone. another danger, fire. flames from a grassfire consumed homes in a suburb of london. in france, 39,000 people have been forced to evacuate, as firefighters struggle to put out wildfires in shifting winds. in spain, wildfires have spread frighteningly close to railways. this video was captured by a

passenger. europe has been experiencing more excessive heat waves in recent years, evidence, experts say, of climate change. the high temperatures are coupled with a lack of water. the rhine river, a key artery for shipping in europe, is at its lowest level in 15 years. in italy, the dry heat has turned swamps and marshes into hard cracked land. u.n. officials say these unprecedented temperatures should be a wake-up call for government action. >> in the future, this kind of heatwaves are going to be normal and we will see even stronger extremes. stephany: for now, forecasters say the heat will only continue to get worse, possibly not subsiding until the middle of next week. for the pbs newshour, i'm stephany sy. amna: high heat also kept much of the u.s. broiling today. heat alerts will affect nearly one-third of the nation's population through tomorrow.

in ukraine, russian forces kept up a fearsome barrage, targeting cities in the south and east and killing scores of civilians. the attacks came as moscow declared that peace would come only on its terms. in the port city of odesa, firefighters scrambled to douse flames ignited by shelling overnight. ukrainian officials said russia's long-distance assault has escalated as its ground campaign has stalled. meanwhile, russian president vladimir putin arrived in iran amid u.s. warnings he wants to buy military drones to use in ukraine. putin met with iran's president and its supreme leader, ayatollah khamenei. state tv quoted khamenei as warning against "western deception". putin met separately with turkey's president erdogan, also in tehran. on the pandemic, the world health organization is out with a new warning about super-infectious subvariants. the agency says cases in europe have tripled in the past 6 weeks

and hospitalization rates have doubled. in belgium today the w.h.o. european director said the new outbreaks will get worse in the fall and winter. >> the virus has never gone away. people sometimes ask 'is the virus back?' it has never gone away. it's still there. it's spreading. it is mutating and unfortunately, it's still taking a lot of lives. last week alone in our region, 3000 people sadly passed away. amna: also today, a cdc panel recommended approving a covid-19 vaccine from novavax for everyone over the age of 18. it would be the fourth vaccine approved for use in the united states. a federal jury in washington heard opening statements today in steve bannon's trial for contempt of congress. prosecutors said the former trump advisor decided he was above the law when he defied a subpoena by the january 6th committee. the defense said bannon believed the committee's deadlines were

negotiable. he has pleaded innocent to two misdemeanor counts. the national archives is asking the secret service to investigate apparent deletions of january 6th text messages. the missing texts could help fill in gaps in secret service accounts. the agency has denied any malicious intent. it says the data was lost during a long-planned update of mobile devices. the u.s. house of representatives today approved protections for same-sex and interracial marriages. democrats argued that the supreme court, after rolling back abortion rights, may be willing to go further, but republicans dismissed that fear. the debate largely focused on whether any legislative action is needed. >> today the democrats bring forward a bill that is completely unnecessary. why are the democrats going down this path? because frankly they have nothing else. >> to mr. jordan's suggestion that this is unnecessary, tell that to the millions of lgbtq

families that are worried about the supreme court's intention to rip away more freedoms. amna: the house plans to vote later this week on safeguarding access to contraception. all of the bills face uncertain prospects in the evenly divided senate. and on wall street, upbeat corporate earnings reports boosted stocks to their best day in three weeks, with leading indexes up 2% to 3%. the dow jones industrial average gained 754 points. the nasdaq jumped 353 points. and the s&p 500 was up 105. still to come on the "newshour". the biden administration faces criticism for not advocating more for human rights abroad. a new book chronicles the u.s. war against isis with some surprising new details. a new program aims to build a more inclusive future in the male-dominated world of jazz. plus much more. ♪

>> this is the pbs newshour, from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: the senate today moved forward on legislation that aims to boost semiconductor production here in the u.s. it comes as a chip shortage is impacting the everyday lives of americans. lisa desjardins has the story. lisa: amna, refrigerators, microwaves, computers, mobile phones, cars, military grade weapons are all things that require semiconductors, or chips, to function. the bill making its way through congress includes at least $52 billion in grants and incentives to design and manufacture chips and a 25% tax credit to help build high-tech facilities. the size of the bill also could grow in the next day. even so, this legislation is a scaled down version of a larger bill aimed at boosting u.s. competitiveness with china. for more on this i am joined by secretary of commerce gina

raimondo. thank you for joining us. there is a fascinating legislative story to this. i know you have been up and back on the hill many times to get this to this point. why is this an important bill? why is this the priority? sec. raimondo: thank you, lisa. as you just said, every piece of modern medical equipment, every piece of military equipment, everything that needs a computer or that is digital runs on chips. the reality is we don't make very many chips in the united states of america. in fact, alarmingly, for the most sophisticated chips, we buy almost all of them from taiwan. we are incredibly dependent on asian countries for our supply of chips, including those that are necessary in all of our military equipment. so the united states is at a risk and we need to make more of these on our shores in the

united states so we cannot only create jobs, but also protect our people. lisa: i haven't heard anyone disagree that there is a need, but some folks say there is other needs as well. we are talking upwards of $50 billion. that could perhaps go to freezing student loans for a year or needs for the pandemic. why is this more important than those other things our country needs right now? sec. raimondo: first of all, i agree with president biden that we ought to be able to do all of that. i'm not sure it is in either or. here's what i would say about this, this is a core national security imperative. right now we buy all of these chips of a certain kind from taiwan. we are heavily dependent on china and taiwan. we don't make this stuff in america, and yet it is what we need in military equipment, in pacemakers in the hospital, in c

ars, in lansing g.m. at the close of facility for a week and put people out of work because they ran out of chips. we just can't allow ourselves to be overly reliant on these countries in asia to defend our country. this is a core national security objective which will create, by the way, hundreds of thousands of good high-paying manufacturing jobs in the united states of america. so it has to happen now. it's just common sense. it is common sense that we make this investment so we make chips in america, create jobs and secure our national security. lisa: i want to give you a chance to respond to criticism that came from the wall street journal. we know the u.s. has been less of a world supplier of these chips, that is what you are trying to correct. but the wall street journal says there are other statistics not

mentioned, the u.s. leads in chip design already. more than 52% of the world supply on that. chipmaking equipment, and seven of the world's 10 largest semi conductor companies are based in the u.s.. given that, and given some democrats see this as a corporate giveaway, you mentioned the urgency. why is it so urgent at this moment? sec. raimondo: it's so urgent at this moment.because these companies have a choice it is true many of them are american companies, but they operate all over the world. they have a choice as to where to operate. any every other country recently, germany, france, singapore, japan, are offering incentives to those companies to expand in those countries. and so there is no question that these companies will expand and will add jobs and production. the only question is whether they will do it in the united states on american soil, which is what we need for national

security, or whether they will do it in another country. this is about having these jobs and this secure supply in our country so that when we need it, we have it. lisa: some in the manufacturing semi conductor community are second to much of this bill would help one company, intel. how do you respond to that? sec. raimondo: absolutely not true. it remains to be seen who will receive these incentives. it's really any company willing to make a big commitment to invest in the united states, to produce chips, is eligible for the incentives. there will be a transparent competitive process. everybody ought to apply who is qualified. amna: you come from having run a state, rhode island. now you are having to deal with congress. congress does not really operate well on deadlines. when you say this is needed now,

you mean in the next few weeks, right? are these companies making decisions now about where to put these jobs? sec. raimondo: yes, i literally mean in the next couple weeks. intel, which is a big semi conductor company, is entertaining offers from italy and spain and germany. they have to make the decision this summer because they have to start the expansion now. other companies, same thing. there is an explosion of demand for chips. these companies arender a lot of pressure from the customers to hurry up and expand so they can fulfill the orders. i would say tonight, while we are talking, the senate is poised to take the first of several votes to take action on this. i think it is time for congress to get this to the president's desk in the next couple weeks. lisa: i am a national debt nerd, so one thing i noticed about this bill is it is not paid for. this will be added to the deficit.

why is it worth adding to our loan, including loans from china, in order to boost our competitiveness with china? sec. raimondo: because this is about national security. we can't put a price on our national security. right now the u.s. is denying semi conductors to russia. as a result, their satellites and military equipment are literally falling out of the sky because they don't have semi conductors. that could be us if taiwan or china decided not to supply the u.s. chips, we would not be able to defend ourselves. i think $52 billion i fairly -- is fairly a drop in the bucket so we can have peace of mind in national security. lisa: one final big economic question, inflation a concern of every american, big concern on capitol hill. how do you answer those, may be some who are asking you, this administration did not get it right on inflation, why should we trust you in other areas like

this? sec. raimondo: inflation is a global problem. we were chatting before we came on about europe. europe is see a much higher inflation then we are, double-digit. this is a global problem driven largely by the pandemic, by putin's war, and the fed has taken strong action. the president's administration is doing everything we know how to do to bring down inflation. i think this is apples and oranges. what we are talking about here is getting behind a bipartisan bill to increase domestic productions of a critical technology to secure our future. separately, inflation, which is a global issue, we will get under that control. lisa: commerce secretary gina raimondo. thank you for talking with us. ♪

amna: a new report from the centers for disease control finds u.s. overdose deaths rose significantly for people of color between 2019 and 2020. as john yang reports, the cdc says the synthetic opioid fentanyl is largely to blame, combined with other disruptions to treatment and prevention during the pandemic. john: amna, while overall overdose deaths spiked by 30% during that period, among black americans the increase was 44% . , native americans and alaska natives, 39%. that is compared with a 22% increase among white americans similar to the rates among asian-americans and pacific islanders, and hispanics. dr. edwin chapman is a physician in washington, dc, who specializes in treating addiction. thanks for being with us. we have heard the aggregate numbers. how does that track with what you see in your clinic? dr. chapman: very close to what

we are saying here in washington dc. we have actually seen -- we saw a 40% increase in overdose deaths in 2019 and 2020, and then we saw another 4% or 5% increase between 2020 and 2021. our overall increase since 2019 has been about 50% in the district of columbia. those numbers are very close. john: in your practice, what is driving that increase? dr. chapman: we have known for some time that our population, which is 95% african-american, even though in terms of overdose deaths in the district of columbia we account for only 46% of the population. the difference is our epidemic started with street drugs, 40,

60 years ago with heroin. but in 2014, that heroin transitioned to fentanyl, so we saw 20% fentanyl in 2015. it gradually increased over the next five years, to now we are seeing 95% fentanyl in our street drugs. fentanyl is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. john: i want to make sure i'm clear on this, is this that drug users are seeking out fentanyl, or that fentanyl is mixed into the street drugs? dr. chapman: it goes both ways. initially it was mixed in. subsequently there were those who did seek out the more potent form. but unfortunately, with fentanyl being so much stronger than heroin or the typical pills that people were overdosing and

dying. we are seeing a darwinian evolution so to speak. those who are able to tolerate higher doses of drugs, just by their genetics and by luck, are surviving. those are the ones we are seeing in treatment. john: are you seeing any other changes in the patients your seeing? is the average age changing? john: absolutely. five years ago we did a survey and the average age of our patients was about 52. 70% male, 30% female. because it is an older population, 10% to 12% were testing positive for hiv. about 50% were testing positive for hepatitis c. since that time, the age has increased to an average age of about 60 at the present time.

john: what effect does that have on overdose deaths and treatment? dr. chapman: again, you are now talking about people who have other chronic diseases, diabetes, hypertension as well mixed in with their opioid use and mental health issues. john: is there, in this racial disparity in the increase, does the access to treatment play a role in this? dr. chapman: absolutely. just by structure, african-american physicians are only 5%. when you look at psychologists, only 4%. psychiatrists 2%. we are dealing with those structural issues, and on top of those we also have some public policy issues that have to be addressed. john: has the disparity, the

widening inequality we have seen during the pandemic, has that had an effect? dr. chapman: yes. when we look at it as a whole, we can say the pandemic really is acting as a barometer for our overall health care system. we can see these structural and public policy issues that have gone for centuries, in fact, coming to the forefront. they are exacerbated by housing issues, tranportation issues. so our patient population, because they have been involved in drug use for so many years, are disenfranchised from the community, disenfranchised from family. so we have a very high homeless population. john: what are the changes you would like to see that will help you treat your patients? dr. chapman: our approach has been a team-based approach.

we realized that 80% of the outcomes are related to things outside of the doctor's office, outside of the hospital. so we really need to have this community education. we need to have advocacy in the community, legal support to oversee, to make sure patients are getting the treatment they need. and of course we need to integrate substance abuse, mental health and primary care services because these patients have the same issues as everyone else. the fact is they have had so many difficulties, including their involvement with the criminal justice system, that has to be reversed. john: addiction specialist dr. edwin chapman, thank you very much. dr. chapman: thank you. ♪

amna: today the family of jamaal khashoggi, the saudi journalist murdered in saudi arabia's his temple consulate wrote to president biden, asking him to intervene in the detention of one ofhoji's lawyers. the united arab emirates sentenced him to prison. it raises the question of what president biden got out of his middle east trip, and of the balance between human rights and pragmatic foreign policy. nick schifrin delves into that debate. nick: a meeting with a leader of what critics call a brutal regime. a fist bump with the crown prince accused of persecuting and approving murder of his enemies. and a warm greeting for the president of a country the state department says arbitrarily arrests and tortures detainees. a meeting with a leader at the center of a changing region, greetings with a 36-year-old who

helps control oil and will be a regional powerbroker for decades. and a conversation with the president helping integrate the region with israel. the debate between an idealistic and realistic foreign policy is not new. pres. biden: i know it is late, but thank you for being here. nick: it is one president biden faced head on during this trip i'm saying he can juggle both. the u.s. and saudi arabia talked about a half-dozen topics and the president said he confronted the saudi prince over the fact that he approved the murder of jamarcus shoji -- of jamaal khashoggi. pres. biden: he said he was not personally responsible for it. this trip is about positioning america in this region for the future. >> i am very disappointed on this trip. nick: an should filmmaker and activist -- an egyptian film maker and activist's brother has

been on a hunger strike now for 109 days. he has been arrested three times in the last nine years since the president seized power. >> why does president biden lend him that handshake without forcing him to at least pretend to care about human rights? he is fighting for his life. human rights defenders are in prison. normal females who make tiktok videos wearing some revealing clothing are in prison. in a nutshell, egypt is deeply unstable and this is just a plain authoritarian regime. nick: the president says that while dealing with president sisi and other regional leaders,

he does bring up human rights. what other policy would you rather see president biden pursue? >> breaking up human rights secretly is something, and being vocal about human rights is another thing. the egyptian regime understands very well that unless governments are only bringing up human rights in private diplomacy, they don't have to interpret this seriously. >> it was important for the president to travel to the gulf to reset the relationships, turn the page if you will. nick: this general is they former u.s. ambassador to yemen. a distant pushed fellow at the middle east institute. -- a distinguished fellow at the middle east institute. >> we continue to look at the region as a source of energy. that will continue into the future. nick: why is it important for president biden to have met not only with saudi leaders, but president sisi of egypt? >> if part of the objective of the president's travel to the

region was to expand the scope of regional defense and security integration to include israel and the architecture, then having egypt purchase a paid in those conversations, having jordan participate in those conversations is also going to be important. nick: president biden bout to put human rights at the center of his -- vowed to put human rights at the center of his foreign-policy. has he gonagainst his vow by shaking hands with regional leaders who have bad records on human rights? >> i think the president was very clear that it's going to continue to be an aspect of u.s. foreign policy, but it can be -- it can't be the only issue the united states bases its policies on. we don't have the opportunity or the luxury of only looking at

our foreign relations through that single aperture. nick: the administration simultaneously blocked $130 million in military aid to egypt over human rights concerns, but approved $2 billion worth of military cargo planes and radars. >> the relationship between egypt and the u.s. is so strong that if at the aesthetics level the administration raises human rights, it will have a positive effect on our situation inside without undermining the relationships. amna: the debate will continue even if president biden wants to move on. as for if he regrets the crown prince's fist bump -- pres. biden: why don't you guys talk about something that matters? nick: for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. ♪

amna: protestors once again demonstrated in front of the u.s. supreme court today over abortion, three weeks after the justices overturned roe v. wade. 17 members of congress were among those arrested during the protest this afternoon, after u.s. capitol police said they blocked traffic outside the court. since the court's ruling last month, doctors in states with abortion bans have struggled to figure out how to care for patients with high-risk pregnancies, including miscarriages. the department of health and human services put out new guidance last week, saying any state ban is preempted by federal law, protecting abortions as part of emergency care. but medical providers are still concerned they could be prosecuted for performing some procedures. joining me now is dr. david hackney. he is a maternal fetal medicine specialist based in ohio. welcome to the newshour. i think it is fair to say the

last few weeks have made clear there are a number of doctors who are confused or scared about what they can or can't do in this new reality when caring for pregnant patients. that federal guidance, is that clear to you? dr. hackney: it does help and we certainly appreciate everything the department is doing in that regard. however it does not solve many other problems we have which are specific to the state we are in now. unfortunately some things are very clear in the state of ohio. we cannot perform abortions for fetal anomalies, fetal birth defects, even those in which we know the child would not survive. we also cannot perform abortions solely because the pregnancy was conceived by rape. that is straightforward in my opinion. that is very tragic. the other main category in abortion care is cases to save

the mother's life or on behalf of the mother's health. here things are not clear. in ohio the law does lay out specific cases. if there is pre-viable mature membranes, breaking the bag of water, or if the mom has preeclampsia, that is spelled out. but many things are less clear. there is a lot of fear among ob/gyns on whether we can proceed on mother's health or not. amna: if you have a pregnant patient come in today and detect a lethal anomaly, what kind of care can you provide? dr. hackney: what i try to do first is try to talk to them as if the law has not changed and try to come up with what would work the best for them. there are patients diagnosed with lethal birth defects who choose to continue to move forward. we support those patients if that is what works best for

them. my own approach the last couple weeks, i try to talk to the patient. pretend the laws did not change. let's figure out first what would work best for you. unfortunately for most patients, in a lethal birth defect, they choose not to move forward. this is where i now have to tell the patient that they cannot receive an abortion in the state. we are still allowed to speak freely, we are still allowed to refer out-of-state. we will start tory to do that. but there is the potential for a patient with a lethal birth defect who will not be able to leave the state of ohio and would be forced to carry to term against their will, which i cannot imagine what a nightmare that would be. amna: what is the risk for that patient in a situation like that ? dr. hackney: even if the patient is completely healthy, so sometimes we have a case where all of the concerns, the mom is in good health, a completely

healthy pregnancy always carries risks. carrying to term is always greater than the risk of an abortion procedure in the first trimester or even the second. all the time we see completely healthy patients where everything is going well, then they go to deliver and there is hemorrhage or a blood clot in the lung. we know things along those lines can occur. i can't imagine there was a patient who had a lethal fetal disorder who was forced to continue the pregnancy to term against their will. then something terrible happened when they went to deliver. that would be a tragedy with no benefits. amna: let me ask you about this new landscape we are in. it is clear there are legal voices watching. we saw attorney general's weigh in on these cases, an attorney general in your neighboring state of indiana threatened to go after a doctor who did

provide a legal abortion service. i'm curious what it feels like to try to do your job in this climate, what you are feeling, what other doctors are telling you they are worried about? dr. hackney: there is a lot of fear. i myself was on call the first night the law changed. i got a text fr friends on friday night saying it had gone into effect. i do high-risk obstetrics. i did not know what to do, what if i came in saturday and there was a patient who was bleeding and someone going into heart failure? there is a lot of gray zones where we are not sure what the best thing is to do. amna: it sounds like there is a lot you don't know. i heard you say uncertain a lot of times. we are in a new legal landscape, one you have argued against. what is it you want to see from state leaders or from federal leaders that you think would help you to better protect your patients? dr. hackney: the biggest thing i

would want to see is for the ohio state supreme court to stop this law, to stop sb-23. we are talking about raped children, we are talking about right and where there is a lethal earth defect and the woman -- birth defect and the woman tragically will be forced to carry against her will. the hyo supreme court has the power to stopt his law. -- the ohio soup in court power to stop this law. they should say clearly which children who have been raped can have abortion care and which cannot. it is such a horrible topic. i don't believe to some extent we are having to think about this. this should not come from me. as the chair for ob/gyn's for the state, i'm getting a lot of calls and questions trying to figure this out. i am overlooking the research and data on when you have physical damage to the body of a

raped child, this whole scenario. it is unfair. amna: that is dr. hackney, a fetal specialist based in ohio. thank you for your time. dr. hackney: thank you. ♪ amna: five years ago this month, the iraqis declared victory over the islamic state, or isis, in a battle for the city of mosul. that marked a major turning point in the war against isis. in the earlier american war in iraq, the u.s. committed large numbers of ground forces and did the bulk of the fighting. islamic state, the united states -- offered limited military support and advising. nick schifrin is back with a conversation about a new book that looks at the u.s. role in

battling extremism in iraq. nick: when the obama administration withdrew us forces from iraq in 2011, it declared it was turning the tide of war. but by 2014, the group that calls itself the islamic state seized territory across iraq and syria the size of belgium. reluctantly the u.s. went to war again, this time with a different approach than previous invasions using proxy forces, a small number of u.s. trainers and vast amounts of air power. that's the story told in degrade and destroy, the inside story of the war against the islamic state, from barack obama to donald trump. the author is wall street journal reporter michael gordon, who joins me now. michael, welcome back to you. you write that this book isn't just about the past. it's a window into the future because it will reveal the methods that the u.s. will use again. why is that? michael: after several wars in the middle east, afghanistan, desert storm, there's not much appetite on the part of american public to send tens of thousands of troops back into the middle

east. nor is there interest on the part of policymakers. they're focusing now on china, on russia. those are the main threats driving pentagon strategy, but the threats aren't going to go away. so the concept of using a small number of advisers, coupling them with a proxy force, partners on the ground and accessing airpower and reconnaissance is likely to be a template that the u.s. is going to use again in the middle east ungoverned spaces and even in some great power scenarios like we're seeing in ukraine. nick: before that template was created, you write that the obama administration, in the early days of isis's emergence, misunderstood the evolution of the islamic state. president obama, of course, famously called it the jv team at one point. what was the impact of that misunderstanding? michael: it left the u.s. unprepared for what it later had to do. you know, the very month that

president obama called isis, the -- called isis the jv team was the same month that the head of the delta force and the senior special operations commander for the middle east went to iraq, saw iraq's counterterrorism service in action and reported up their chain that it was overmatched, that it was having a hard time coping with this isis, which was really an evolution from an al qaida in iraq group. nick: what was overmatched, of course, was the iraqi military at the time. and you describe it as rudimentary, what one soldier referred to as a valley forge scenario, of course, a reference to the american revolutionary army at its lowest point. why had the iraqi military deteriorated to that point by 2014? michael: in 2011, 2010, when the u.s. still had forces in iraq, there was a very well understood on the part of the iraqi generals and the american generals that there was a continuing need for a small

american presence to mentor, train, enable iraqi forces. but the politics in baghdad and the politics in washington were such that american forces left at the end of 2011. they were unable to reach a diplomatic agreement that would allow them to stay. as a consequence of that, the u.s. was not monitoring the deterioration of the iraqi forces, and also they weren't able to really check the worst sectarian impulses of the iraqi prime minister at the time, nouri al-maliki, who not only put in his sort of cronies, but took actions that alienated the sunnis in his country and provided a fertile ground for isis to gain a hold in the countryside. nick: and so by the time the isis came to hold in the countryside, where in 2014 and the plan the u.s. created in september 2014 uses used local forces to take the lead. how important, looking back, is choosing the right partner in that fight and in general, how

different was that approach to what had preceded it? michael: what was really extraordinary about this particular campaign, and i was in a lot of it in mosul and in syria and saw a lot of it firsthand, is that there was no one partner. there were a multitude of partners. there were partners who didn't even get along with each other and wouldn't have even dealt with each other if the u.s. hadn't been there as a kind of glue to hold it together. and what president obama was determined to do is he didn't want to send american troops back in to ground combat. now, there were some instances we were in ground combat, i have them in the book. but in the main, it was the local forces who were in ground combat. and but they were to be advised by small teams of americans. nick: one of the forces fighting on the same side against isis were actually iranian forces. and you're the first to report that an american marine general encountered iranian quds force commander kassam soleimani, who, of course, would later be killed during the trump administration.

what does their meeting in iraq say about the fight against isis? michael: in the very first years of the war, americans and iranians were on the same battlefield, but they weren't fighting each other and they weren't trying to kill each other. it's a different situation now. and they were basically trying to stay out of each other's way. what happened in that instance was pretty extraordinary. an iraqi general led kassam soleimani into a command post at union three, which is across the street from the american embassy. and general castellvi, who was the marine general then, was rather surprised to come face to face with the quds force commander. they had a discussion. it wasn't about cooperation, was more about the situation on the battlefield and where our forces were because they were in a deconfliction mode. but over time, as the war, it was clear the u.s. was going to win this war, which it did win, the iranians became more

assertive and became more of a threat to americans. and ironically soleimani was later killed by an american drone just a few miles from where that event took place at the baghdad international airport. nick: you reveal for the first time the u.s. has been reviewing in advance israeli airstrikes in syria that have been going on for years. there have been 400 of those strikes since 2017. what is that review and why is that important? michael: well, syria is a very crowded place now. it's sort of the strategic equivalent of the star wars bar. you have turkiye threatening to intervene still. you have the russians very active in there and actually quite successful. in intervening in that country at minimal cost to themselves. you have the iranians in there. you have shiite militias in there. you have americans in there, about 1,000 in eastern syria at the an tanf garrison. and you have israelis taking action in the form of airstrikes

against iranians, and arms shipments to lebanese hezbollah to make their weapons more accurate. so it's all mixed up. and in this environment, israel has a deconfliction arrangement with the russians. they tell them they're coming, but they have a much more formal process with u.s. central command. it's intended basically to let the americans know if they're going into eastern syria. this is what's going to happen because there are american troops there and they might have to suffer the consequences, some form of iranian retaliation. the americans have vetoed a few of those strikes, but in the main, they don't interfere. nick: michael gordon, the book is "degrade and destroy the inde story of the war against the islamic state, from barack obama to donald trump." thank you very much. michael: thank you. ♪

amna: when most people think of jazz greats, few faces of women and non-binary musicians likely come to mind. but, a new program is working to change that. jeffrey brown takes a look at a pipeline being developed to pump talent io clubs and on to stages across the country and the world. it is part of our arts and culture series, canvas. ♪ jeffrey: a recent jazz performance at the kennedy center's millennium stage in washington dc. 28 year old pianist anastassiya petrova says she came to love jazz as a girl in kazakhstan, when she heard a teacher play a ballad by bill evans. >> i loved it from the first second spirit i decided i wanted to have a piece of that freedom. jeffrey: you use the word freedom. what does that mean? >> freedom under his fingers.

he did not have any sheet music in front of him. he was just playing out of his head. i could not believe that this was possible. jeffrey: 30 year old ivanna cuesta gonzalez grew up listening to music with her father in the dominican republic, then one day came across a drum set in church. >> i saw the drums and no one could play it. i was like, i can do it. so you know they just gave me like two classes, i learned the first rhythms and the first field and that is it. that was just the beginning i would say. ♪ jeffrey: years later, for these early to mid-career professionals, the love is still there. but while the road to making a life in jazz is hard for anyone, some face lingering cultural and other barriers. >> i approach the stage and a male musician immediately asks me, are you going to dance today or sing? so that immediately diminishes my skills as a pianist. if i don't have someone

introducing me to the band, to the house band, there is no way i could join a jam session. jeffrey: 31 year old swedish-born guitarist loke risberg identifies as a trans man. >> you get the feeling, or sometimes people cite out loud, like, oh can you really? they question you. jeffrey: like, can you really play? >> yeah, and in a way you would not question someone who is a cisgender male. and that puts it in my head, can i really? that is the worst thing i think you should have in your mind when you go up to play a concert or a jam session. jeffrey: these musicians are now part of a new program focused on women and non-binary jazz artists started by veteran drummer terri lyne carrington. >> your average musician, or how i really like say it is your

marginal male musician will be supported and have work opportunities more than a woman that actually excels, because of the culture and all the stereotypes that she has to face before she even plays a note. jeffrey: carrington, who was performing with her band, social science, and one of the kennedy center's main theaters that night, is a three-time grammy winning drummer, composer and producer, who has worked with legends including woody shaw, stan getz, herbie hancock and a long list of others. she comes from a mical family. her father, matt carrington, a saxophone player in boston, introduced his young daughter to the art form and many of its leading practitioners. she played her first professional gig at age 10 and has not stopped. she is also a noted educator, teaching at the berklee college of music in boston, where we met

recently. she says she used to advise young women to just put their heads down and push past the barriers. but no more. >> because everybody does not have t same personality. everybody does not have the same confidence. everybody does not have have the same support. everybody does not have the same access that i had. jeffrey: at berklee, carrington heads the institute of jazz and gender justice and has created the next jazz legacy program. >> what i tried to do is think about what helped me to develop as a musician. what were the most important things? it was really the musicians that gave me a shot, even before i was ready. and i think that those opportunities are more far and few between for women than they are for men. ♪ jeffrey: one statistic: in a 2019 npr jazz critics list of

top 50 albums, almost 60% had no women at all in the lineup of instrumentalists. a similar proportion of all jazz albums had no women musicians at all. >> we know there are some fantastic female vocalists who have become very famous and very successful in jazz, but there is a particular problem with instrumentalists and improvisers who, you know, that's the backbone of that community. jeffrey: next jazz legacy was co-launched by the advocacy group new music usa headed by vanessa reed. >> it is about ensuring that women and non-binary instrumentalists can see that they have role models that they can follow. but it is also about building alliances with men, because if we don't work with the people who currently have the most power in jazz we are never going to affect change. jeffrey: the emphasis here is on apprenticeships: bandleaders

offering year-long hands-on work and mentor ships. >> i found this signifying the freedom. jeffrey: in which participants, seven in the first cohort, are matched with more experienced musicians. here kalia vandever worked with jen shyu recently in a new york city park. >> you are going to do your own thing as well. jeffrey: they also receive guidance on the business end of the jazz industry, and a $10,000 stipend. some top talent has signed on to help. ivanna cuesta gonzalez is now working with esperanza spalding, one woman who has broken through to stardom in recent years. and she will soon work with sax player wayne shorter, a long-established giant in the field. >> i mean, this is like kind of a dream for me, being with both. jeffrey: and what is it you hope to get from them? >> for me it is to see how authentic they are. and i actually want to be like that, you know. don't be afraid of my own ideas.

try to put it there, and if people accept that it's fine, if not it is fine too. i think they both in no way have been doing that in their own generation. jeffrey: the world of jazz is changing, terri lyne carrington says, just not fast enough. this program, she hopes, will help individuals, but also impact the sound of jazz itself. >> i never look at, well, i'm a woman, what does that mean in this music? what does that sound like? does it have a sound? i never looked at that because i was always trying to imitate men playing the music because that is all we have ever heard. we have yet to see that happen because there is not ough of us yet that people are trying to imitate. jeffrey: stay tuned, then, for that next jazz too. i'm jeffrey brown at the berklee college of music in boston.

♪ amna: a beautiful note to end our show on. join us online and again back here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you for joining us and we will see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> architect. beekeeper. mentor. a raymondjames financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life well planned. ♪ >> carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement and the advancement of international peace and security, at carnegie.org. the target foundation, committed to advancing racial equity and

committing the change required to shift systems and accelerate equitable economic opportunity. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] ♪

♪ hello, everyone, welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. red alert, first ever extreme heat warning in the uk. and wildfires are raging across europe. we dig into the data with climate expert oxford professor myles allen. then -- >> it's the transfer of secret information with the enemy and other cooperation with the russian special services. >> zelenskyy of investigates his own government. plus. voters feel they don't have a voice, no power. >> congressman talks to walter