william: good evening. i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is away. william: on the "newshour" tonight. new details, attorney general merrick garland provides more information about the fbi search of former president trump's florida home amid rising conservative backlash. then. vulnerable ecosystems, the united states asks the democratic republic of congo to slow oil and gas exploration within rainforests and national parks, including one that is home to endangered gillas. and, they and abortion. re-religious leaders come together to discuss americans wide-ranging views on reproductive rights and how or whether those beliefs should influence u.s. laws.

>> there is a sense that anyone who is eight traditionally observant person would live with the pro-life movement, but many religious people are fighting against the dissolution of roe v. wade because of our religion. william: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> fidelity dedicated advisors are here to help you create a wealth plan, a plan with tax sensitive investment strategies, planning focused on tomorrow, while you focus on today. that's the planning effect, from fidelity. ♪ >> the kendeda fund, through investments interest, formed of

leaders and ideas. -- formative leaders and ideas. carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security, at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. william: attorney general merrick garland announced day

that he personally approved the decision to seek a search warrant for former president trump's home in palm beach, florida. fbi agents executed the warrant at mar-a-lago earlier this week. reports indicate they were searching for classified documents but more details could soon be revealed. garland said today that the department of justice filed a motion to make the search warrant, and a receipt of the items taken, public. >> the department does not take such a decision lightly. where possible, it is standard practice to seek less intrusive means as an alternative to a search and to narrowly scope any search that is undertaken. much of our work is by necessity conducted out of the public eye. we do that to protect the constitutional rights of all americans and to protect the integrity of our investigations. william: to help us understand what this all means i'm joined by former federal prosecutor and professor at the cardozo school of law, jessica roth.

she's been following this of all closely. great to have you back on the newshour. garland came out today and said i authorized this, we are going to try to make this warrant and the list of what we took public. again, we know that garland likes to let his actions and his department's actions speak for themselves, so seeing him in front of the cameras today was a bit striking. did you see it the same? >> yes, absolutely. it was very striking and unexpected for me to see him today at that rest conference, but i think it was important that he do what he did today, entirely appropriate under the circumstances, and i think it was very important and appropriate that he filed the motion at this stage come as is set forth in that application, there are really two reasons primarily want search warrant applications remain under sealed, usually at this stage in the proceedings. one is to protect the privacy

interests of those that are searched, and the others to protect the integrity of our ongoing law enforcement operations. in this circumstance, former president trump himself essentially cited he didn't want to keep it private. attorney general garland is essentially saying in the department of justice's opinion, the application, at least in some redacted form, can be made public without compromising law enforcement concerns, and that there is a significant public interest here, so it is important that the public have accurate information about precisely what it was the department was investigating, and if the application is granted, the public will know what facts are in the possession of the department to set forth probable cause that specific crimes were committed and that evidence could be found in the former president's residence. william: so the former president can object to that, what would be the objection -- what would

be the basis for his objection to that happening? >> he could object on the basis that he does have ongoing privacy interests that would be compromised by the release of this information. is one thing to announced there was a search of your home, it's another to have it out in the public exactly what crimes the search was there to look for evidence of, and the specific facts that establish probable cause to a judge's satisfaction that those crimes had been committed and that evidence of them was to be found in that location. so if the motion is granted, the public will soon have specific information about what the fbi alleges had occurred and the evidence, as well as -- the public will have a sense of what the evidence was that was put forward. william: can you take a step back and just remind us, given there are so many of these cases

ongoing, as far as we know, what is the doj looking at here? what was the fbi trying to find, as best we know about? jessica: it is important to state at the outset that we don't have official confirmation about the nature of the investigation that gave rise to the search warrant. however, the fact that the motion to unseal the search warrant application was signed in part of the chief of the department of justice counterterrorism section tells us that it likely was part of the investigation he was overseeing, which means it would involve counterintelligence interest and that would be consistent with reporting that has been done about the buildup to the search, which was a back-and-forth between the national archives and the president's representatives in an effort to recover material he took from the white house when he left and when the archives

did recover some of that material they found in it classified information that should not of been taken from the white house. in their ongoing determination that there were still classified materials that were missing. so the fact that the motion today was signed by somebody who is in charge of counterintelligence investigations suggests that that is the focus, at least primarily, of the search warrant. william: arlen's comments come amidst the remarkable conservative backlash to this raid on the former president's home. some very angry, violent rhetoric being directed at the department of justice and at the fbi over their actions in this case. we saw this attack today in cincinnati, it is unclear if that was related to the fbi office. do you think of some level that is partly what motivated the attorney general to come out

today to try to cool some of that down? jessica: i think the attorney general felt it was important to get accurate information about what the department is doing out into the public domain. there has been a lot of misinformation and disinformation out in the public domain. some of it may be responsible for some of the violence or the rhetoric that you are talking about. i'm not confident that those who take part in that rhetoric and those actions will necessarily hear what the attorney general had to say today, but nevertheless it is important that he not see the entirety of the public domain, to information that is inaccurate. i also think it was important that he stand up for the personnel of the department of justice, including the fbi agents come as he said at the press conference today, to stand up for their professionalism and integrity in facing such a task. so when it is permissible for

the department of justice to be somewhat transparent about its actions and to explain the actions it is taken on behalf of the american people, it is important that it do so. william: lastly in the few seconds we have left, we heard attorney general garland say he would've preferred a less intrusive approach. he is implying there that in essence that we send subpoenas, we asked for this to go down in a gentler way, and that didn't happen. is that how you read that? jessica: yes, what he was making clear is that the department prefers to act in ways that are less intrusive than a search warrant. it is intrusive upon the interest of those who are searched. what he was broadcasting was that the department did not move automatically to that method, that it sought to obtain the material by subpoena first. the reporting has suggested date

sought to get it priebus lead by consent and there was a back-and-forth effort to get it at the reporting suggest the material was not provided in its entirety, and for the department to have taken the action that it did and obtain the search warrant, it must have deemed the material so important that it had to recovered through this measure. i think that is what garland was trying to speak to some of the misinformation or incomplete information that has been in the public domain about what happened. there has been so much -- it is important to remind viewers that this was a lawfully executed search warrant pursuant to a court ordered warrant where a judge found there was probable cause that crimes had been committed and evidence would be found on the residence and it was executed pursuant to that court process. william: jessica roth, thank you so much for helping us wade

through all this. ♪ william: as we briefly mention, a man in body armor tried to force his way into the fbi's field office today and then led police on a car chase. officials say he shot at a state trooper before abandoning his vehicle. they say he was ultimately killed in a standoff with police that lasted sever hours. there have been growing threats against federal agent since the search of president trump's estate in florida. there is encouraging news on inflation tonight. the aaa auto club ports a national average of a price of gas is drop below four dollars a gallon for the first time in five months. and the u.s. labor department says wholesale prices fell .5 percentage points between july -- june and july come the first month to month drop in more than two years.

the cdc has dropped its long-standing covid-19 recommendation to quarantine after close contact with someone who is infected. the agency also ended guidance to stay at least 6 feet apart. officials also said 95% of the population has now achieved some form of immunity, from vaccinations or prior infections. meanwhile, the fda recommended taking 3 home tests if you've been exposed. it said 2 tests can miss too many infections. u.s. secretary of state antony blinken pressed leaders in rwanda today over supporting rebels in the democratic republic of congo, next door. u.n. experts say they've found solid evidence that rwanda is interfering militarily in eastern congo. in rwanda's capital, blinken said leaders in both countries have agreed to talk. >> my message to both president tshisekedi and president kagame

this week has been the same. any support or cooperation with any armed group in eastern drc endangers local communities and regional stability. and every country in the region must respect the territorial integrity of the others. william: the rwandan government has disputed the u.n.'s findings. the u.n. secretary-general called today for an immediate halt to all shelling of a nuclear plant in southern ukraine. the facility is in an area controlled by russian forces. the 2 sides have blamed each other for the shelling. meanwhile, satellite images today showed scorched ground and damaged warplanes at a russian air base in crimea. it was hit earlier this week. ukraine has not directly claimed responsibility. and on wall street, stocks rallied on the inflation news, then gave up most of those gains. the dow jones industrial average added just 27 points to close at 33,000 336. the nasdaq fell about 75 points.

the s&p 500 gave up 3. still to come on the "newshour". the concerning shift in how the firearms industry markets to consumers. we examine the tax provisions in the democrats' budget bill, and who will feel the most impact. plus much more. >> this is the pbs newshour, from w eta studios and in the west, from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. -- william: on a multi-country tour of africa this week, secretary of state antony blinken has been making the case that the u.s. can be a quote "equal partner" with african nations. in that vein, he recently announced a new partnership with democratic republic of congo in an effort to protect some of that nation's natural treasures. >> it's one of the most famous and extraordinary places on earth. the virunga national forest, established in 1925, and now a unesco world heritage site.

this area, nested in the congo basin, is africa's oldest national park. it's home to the only mountain gorillas left on the planet. but parts of this precious land are now up for auction. congo is selling 30 oil and gas drilling blocks across the congo basin, including some in the virunga park. the congo basin covers 1.3 billion acres, spans across 6 nations, and its trees and soils and peat absorb about 4% of the world's annual carbon emissions. the auction was announced last may, in a video posted by the government on social media, encouraging oil and gas companies to bid. this week, on a visit to the capital, kinshasa, secretary of state antony blinken urged congolese officials to prioritize environmental conservation. >> we had concerns about the announcement of the auction of these oil and gas exploration blocks.

some of the blocks infringe on sensitive rainforest and peatland areas including in the virunga national park. >> us and congolese officials have agreed to oversee the oil and gas extraction to ensure the operations are done as sensitively as possible. but congo's auction plans have enraged environmental activists. >> this will have obviously very bad and harmful environmental impact. >> irene wabiwa is with greenpeace africa, based in kinshasa. >> it's also a carbon sink that is fighting against climate change. and if oil blocks are opening, are opened in this area, that mean we be seeing a lot of carbon to be released into the atmosphere. also many communities are depending on virunga national park for their survival. william: do you have a sense of how those communities in these regions feel about this idea?

>> they were shocked to hear that the drc government is planning to open up their land for oil blocks that were not aware at all, they were not consulted. and for them, any kind of development that do not doesn't involve them from the beginning is not a development for them. william: this decision to sell off forest land also conflicts with a pledge the government made less than a year ago at the last un climate change summit. there, former uk prime minister boris johnson and congolese president felix tshisekedi signed a landmark deal to protect the country's rainforests. in a joint statement back then, the democratic republic of congo committed to quote halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2031. the deal included international pledges of $500 million. but russia's invasion of ukraine, combined with covid -19, has sent food and energy

prices soaring, and exacerbated congo's already dire humanitarian crisis. according to the world bank, three quarters of congo's 80 million people live on less than 2 dollars a day. with these oil and gas leases, congo's president sees an economic opportunity. >> it is time for us to follow in the footsteps of those nations, which, before us, were able to make their endowments of hydrocarbon resources a real spearhead for their economies. >> it is really noble for the drc government to seek for the development of the country. and being a congolese, i really want my country to be developed, but not for the the price of the future of the planet, not for e price of the life of millions of communities. william: for those communities, and the world, wabiwa says congo should make other choices. >> we have a lot of solar. we have a lot of potential for renewable energy. this is something of the green

development path that the drc government should be considering instead of jeopardizing its its forest. that is critical for the future of the humanity. william: but for now, the so-called lungs of humanity seem to be under threat. ♪ while many say the supreme court's decision to overturn roe v. wade is the answer to decades of player -- decades of prayer, some faith leaders fear their religious rights will be infringed as state governments trigger new abortion restrictions. amna nawaz has that conversation. amna: tonight we explore how some of the major faiths view when life begins and how we should or should not shape the law of the land.

we have a constitutional law and islamic law professor and interim codirector of muslim advocates, and former policy director of the ethics and religious liberty commission in the southern baptist convention, currently working in government affairs. welcome to you all and thank you for being here. there is a synagogue suing the state of florida and the governor there among others saying the abortion ban infringes on the religious freedom of jews. you have said that law excites you and you support it. tell us why. >> there's a sense that anyone who is a traditionally observant religious person would align with the pro-life movement, but many religious people are fighting against the dissolution of roe v. wade because of our religion, not in spite of it. it is a jewish value to support women and pregnant people's ability to get the medical care they need, and that includes a

right to abortion. in fact, our tradition mandates abortion in many instances. amna: yourote an op-ed on this issue saying it would be an infringement of religious freedom. how so? >> islam has a range of beliefs on permissibility, discouragement abortion, based on different interpretations of scripture, islamic scripture of winlock begins. so there is a range among different schools of thought, starting with the majority opinion that says like begin somewhere around 120 days down to the position that says zero. we don't have the same black-and-white way of thinking about it. when you have an abortion ban, that reduces those choices that you have to zero. amna: let me get a response on

what you just hurt there. for those who don't believe that life begins at conception, does an abortion ban of any kd infringe on religious freedom? >> we do believe we are talking about two people. we believe that both people have rights. our perspective is that governments are creating these laws protecting the most vulnerable among us, and we believe that life begins at conception, so we do believe this is correct. >> the first question is what does islam say muslims should do , but that does not answer the question about what the state should do with regard to everybody who may or may not be in a muslim ruled place. must them governments clearly distinguish between the laws of living as a muslim which is sculpture -- scripture base. amna: but to this point about

where we are now, the point that chelsea just made, there is a time that the government should be stepping in because religious liberty is not absolute. what would you say to that? >> that calculations very different. in india, the right wing party has tried to ban all cattle slaughter because they believe that is a sacred life. the courts have to figure out, how do we make law that's going to protect all of us and not one view over all others. are there going to be more maternal and fetal deaths? is it going to disproportionately affect the marginalized and the poor? as a minority religious american, i'm extremely concerned about that. amna: we know there are many bans that make no exception for the mothers health or that would

force a child to carry a baby which could be harmful and physically torturous, many argue. how do those kind of outcomes square with christian beliefs? >> i don'tnow allow that does not prevent a woman from getting lifesaving care. i think intent is important, the intent of an abortion is to end the life of a pre-born child in the intent of miscarriage -- the life of the mother. when able, a doctor can and should attempt to save both lives. our position is that life is inherently sacred and tal. amna: there are different views even within the christian faith, right? evangelicals overwhelmingly believe abortion is morally wrong and should not be allowed in the united states. when you look at that, does this

mean the states are now pushing bans that really represent even that minority christian view? >> that is a great question. i can speak on behalf of southern baptists, the nation's largest protestant denomination. i would say people -- it's not just christians. my advocacy on this issue is rooted in my faith, but there are people of different face or of no faith who advocate for the pre-born. amna: it really fascinates me when you read scripture because my interpretation -- and our interpretation, it is extremely clear that a fetus is not considered alive for the first 40 days of the fetus being inside of a person's body, it is considered mere water, and then afterwards considered -- this idea that scripture teaches us

that the lives of a person who is carrying a fetus -- interpretations lead to consequences in the real world. how that has led to such varied viewpoints on this issue. >> anything beyond conception is arbitrary. 39 days, god knits us together in our mother's womb. in the new testament we see jesus caring for the most vulnerable. >> to us the most vulnerable are those losing access to health care and not able to care for themselves. >> i would love to have a theological conversation with my

abraham it because in about this. the state law should be for everybody. that is my main point. this is fascinating and we can all share ideas about what we think god said and those who don't believe in jesus at all can chime in, we can have great conversation. i recognize there is an existential concern for those who believe it is alive. when we concern ourselves with what the scripture says, that is not a place for the state. >> i think the question we need to have a discussion on is, is this about one person's religious liberty, or to people's right to live. i would say just because someone makes the religious argument doesn't mean you have to be christian to realize it is a distinct life in the womb. >> what about the idea that the

issue of abortion is handled at the state level, state by state, it would be that her for everyone. even if 75 perce of people living in a state or pro-life, the upper -- the other 25% may need access to an abortion or reproductive health care that they would not be able to access. if you have a person who would not have access to health care she needed at that time. >> people get to vote and share with their state representatives how they want this issue to look in their state. there is definitely a role that people have within their states, individuals getting to choose over there own lives to states choosing over their lives. that scares me. >> we are having a faith

conversation on a legal matter. i'm just curious how you as a faith leader in your community react when it comes to the rights of your community and every other american. >> we try really hard to discuss values within our community and my congregation. it's not a controversial issue within my congregation. how religious freedom means having access to health care. >> you hear chelsea saying absolutely her advocacy is rooted in her faith, and millions of americans to share her values and belief. what do you say those who defend this as a legislative move, because our laws have historically been -- >> i think religion is amazing, but it is amazing when

it is motivated from the inside. when i myself feel some kind of scriptural rebound duty, but it's less effective when it comes from the outside. i can fast at ramadan, no problem, but when i'm asked to stay on a diet or if someone were to force me too fast, it would be much, much harder. it would be even harder if it is someone else's religious values. i think there are way more effective ways to do that than making bands that are enforced other state. >> it is scary being a religious minority in a country that seems to be leaning toward making legal political decisions based -- based on this very politically active christian nationalism. if the supreme court is able to make decisions that go against the will of the vast majority of american citizens, the value system and beliefs of a religious group, it doesn't feel safe and doesn't feel like a

good place for us to be today. >> chelsea, it is very true, we are increasingly diverse nason when it comes to religious diversity or even secular. what would you say to the tens of millions of people out there who do not share your views on this matter but now feel as if your views are being imposed on them? >> we all bring our values to the public sphere. that is part of living up role estate -- pluralistic society, to have these conversations. i keep going back to the little one in the womb. also moms who are scared right now. there are women around the country who are scared, i understand that. my very own birthmother was like a lot of the women who find themselves in an unplanned

pregnancy, i completely understand tha we need to support them with care, love, and resources. amna: thank you to all three of you. william: the debate over gun control in america often centers around who should own guns and what kind of guns are appropriate but in recent years , gun company marketing techniques have come under scrutiny. paul solman has the story. paul: thinking about buying a gun? you too can use what the pros use. be like rapper post malone, hashtag gunporn. and even if you're still in grade school, you can get your

man card at the top of the testosterone food chain. >> this is a bushmaster firearms ad. and this is a very clear, unambiguous statement that if you are feeling insecure about your manhood struggling with , issues of fragile masculinity the easiest way for you to reissue that masculity is to buy their gun. very simple. paul psychologist sarah gaither : studies male aggression. >> when we think about what it means to be a man, it's very fixed, right? you have to be aggressive. you have to be tough. you have to protect your family. and the messages that gun ads in particular are showing are specifically targeting men who are struggling with this notion of what it means to be a man in our society. paul and sometimes leads them, : she says, to violence. not true, says the national shooting sports foundation's larry keane. >> advertising commercial products is protected by the first amendment so long as it's truthful and doesn't incite violence. and i don't think the advertising by the industry, generally speaking, does anything remotely like that. paul: okay, a little back story. in the 90s gun marketing focused

on hunting and target practice. but with hunting slumping, by the mid 2000s, gun companies started to shift their advertising to a new audience. >> i sold lots of guns. probably personally responsible for selling a couple million guns. paul: as a firearms salesman, ryan busse watched the pivot: especially to young men. >> that demographic group, say 18 to 35, has been a near exclusive focus for the firearms industry for the last 15 years. paul: in 2005, president bush signed a bill that gave broad legal protection to gun manufacturers, aaw that made it significantly harder to hold the companies accountable, including for how they market their weapons. busse, a gun owner and enthusiast since childhood, began to worry. then, in 2012, the sandy hook shooting pushed him over the top, and out of the industry. >> what i'm really worried about is it's accelerating the sort of

stuff that i know is coming down the pike with regard to advertising is all about encouraging this odd faux machismo masculinity, sort of own the room with guns. and it's really, really dangerous. >> here if you get a gun and ammunition, you can act like you're a military member. you can act like you are defending your country every single day of the year and not even enroll in the military. whenever anyone is struggling with belonging issues, wanting to fit in, wanting to aspire to be somne that they think they need to be, they're looking for messages everywhere as a way, a cute. those are the men who we find are more likely to be aggressive, more likely to look to guns or other means of aggression to sort of reassert their manhood. paul: i also showed several of the ads to larry keane. are the ads not aimed to some significant extent at young men? >> they're directed at law abiding americans. adult young men who have a constitutional right when they turn 18 are fully vested in their constitutional rights and

they purchase firearms for hunting, target shooting and self-defense, just like other americans. paul: well, and some of them for mass shootings, a few of them. >> you can't even measure how small it is in the total universe of people who purchase firearms. paul what about this one? : i mean, isn't this an appeal to a young man to feel more manly? >> i would reject the premise of that. they may be appealing to young men. they're also appealing to lots of individuals who are law abiding and want to purchase those products for lawful purposes. paul: i'm afraid that the audience will think you're being disingenuous by not seeing that as an appeal to a person's lack of sense of manliness. >> if you have any questions about any particular ad, you should address it to the company that produced the ad. paul: well, we did reach out to

gun makers, and none of them responded. for example, smith & wesson, makers of the semi-automatic m&p-15 was the best-selling rifle in the u.s. in 2020. >> an m&p, or military and police, shown in this ad, looks just like the gun in the first-person shooter game call of duty, so popular among young men. the same gun used in several shootings. at a movie theater in aurora, colorado in 2012, in parkland in 2018, and, more recently, at a 4th of july parade in highland park, illinois. >> that is daniel, in a nutshell, smiling and running. paul seven year old daniel, so : kindhearted, he used to rescue worms from frying in the sun and return carpenter ants to their families outdoors. nearly a decade ago he was one of twenty children and six educators shot and killed at the sandy hook elementary school in

newtown, connecticut. his mom, jackie barden. >> i remember the day that this happened. i was in my school. i was a schoolteacher. and i had i said, nothing's going to happen. it's daniel. it was his school. nothing will happen to him. he special. i mean, i really did believe that up until the end. paul: the gun used in the shooting: a remington bushmaster, subject of the man card campaign. >> we both were just, how did this happen? how does somebody come across these weapons? i didn't even know about an ar-15 or magazines. and i was just aghast that i started seeing these man card ads, and i just couldn't believe that that was out there, that people were seeing it. paul: the bardens and eight other families wound up suing remington for marketing ar-15-style guns to civilians. this february, remington's insurance companies paid out $73

million, which the bardens hope will restrain other gunmakers. the settlement also required remington to release thousands of pages of internal marketing documents, expected to soon be released to the public. >> hopefully that will be a wake up call to the industry. paul: daniel's dad, mark barden. >> there's a direct correlation between the reckless advertising and marketing practices that remington was using and acts of violence by people who were targeted by that marketing. that was what sort of what inspired us to, to say is there a legal recourse here to just, you know, advertise more responsibly and certainly less recklessly. >> i told them one of larry's responses. >> some of them for mass shootings. he says you can't even measure how small it is in the total universe of people who purchase firearms. >> is he actually trying to say

that it's the lives lost or worth it or insignificant or don't matter in the grand scheme of things? it's not a high enough number. what's the threshold? paul: now, keane's grou is headquartered in newtown, only three miles from sandy hook elementary. you're a spokesman for the industry. but if you had experienced what folks in, say, sandy hook experience your family, would , you speak differently about this, do you think? >> it's a terrible tragedy. but what we see all too often is, particularly in these high profile events, is it's not a failure of gun control, but it's a failure of the mental health system in our country to provide these individuals with the help that they needed long before these incidents occurred. and we continue to see that. paul: so, keane says, his group supported some parts of the gun legislation recently signed into law, which provides roughly 13 billion dollars for mental

health and school safety. but it ultimately opposed it. both the bardens and ryan busse like the law, but think the industry needs to be much more seriously reigned in. unlike tobacco or alcohol, gun marketing is not federally regulated. >> it's just wrong. it may be legal, but it's certainly not moral. we have to figure out as a country what is necessary to rebuild this system of mores and norms that the industry itself once adhered to not very long ago. we have to figure out a way to put this back where it belongs. otherwise it's going to rip the country apart. paul as if we're not being : ripped far enough apart already. for the pbs newshour, paul solman. ♪ william: as the u.s.

house of representatives prepares to cast the final vote on the democrats sweeping climate and health care bill tomorrow, lisa desjardins takes a look at how the measure would change the nation's tax laws. lisa: william, few things in congress directly influence our own bank accounts, and who is rich and who is poor, as much as tax policy. and the changes here are significant. here's what it will do. first it will create a 15% minimum tax on large corporations. exempt from that would be some hedge fund and investment firms. also new a 1% tax on stock buybacks, which companies use to increase their stock price. what will all that mean in reality? for more i'm joined by michael , graetz professor of tax law at columbia university and co-author of the wolf at the door: the menace of economic insecurity and how to fight it. let's talk about the corporate tax change.

here's what we know about it. this 15% minimum tax would be for businesses and can over $1 billion a year on an average over three years. the joint committee on taxation says that will affect about 150 companies and raise well over $200 billion. that's a lot of numbers. how significant do you think this is? >> well, in some sense it is important. it is not earthshaking, this minimum tax raises about the sa amount of money is raising the corporate rate from 21% to 23%. so it is less than many people had heard, although as you know, kyrsten sinema was not prepared to raise the corporate rate at all. the problem here is there are many companies that have very large earnings they are

reporting to their shareholders and they are paying no tax. this minimum tax is directed at addressing that profit. so the revenue it raises is only for large corporations who have large amounts of income that are paying taxes that are less than 15% of the income they are reporting to their shareholders. lisa: what are the chances they will find a different way around this tax? how do you read this new law, how strong is it? >> i think it is quite strong because corporate managers are quite anxious not to reduce the amount of earnings they report to shareholders. if you look at the history of tax shelters in the corporate sector in the united states, one common feature of those tax shelters is when they reduce taxes but they did not reduce the earnings reported to

shareholders on their books. lisa: you mentioned senator kyrsten sinema. one of the groups that did well in this bill is hedge fund and equity managers who she protected a couple of different times from getting larger tax hits from this bill. when i asked, sources close to her, that she was concerned that raising taxes on hedge fund angers would affect investment in her state. i wonder what you made from that argument and what do we know about taxable occasions for these hedge fund managers? >> this has been an issue for more than a decade that there have been major efforts to chge these taxes so that these managers pay the normal rates that you and i pay ourselves. private equity groups in particular, hedge fund managers as well, have been very affected , and going back over a decade,

it turns out that kyrsten sinema was taking heat for this because she was the only democrat in the senate that was prepared to say let's not do this, but they've been very effective. they spent moving dollars in lobbying, tens of millions if not more in campaign contributions, and every time this comes up, they seem to win. lisa: i want to ask about the stock buybacks, the new 1% tax on that, the idea that they buybacks talks to increase the value for them and their shareholders. judy woodruff asked chuck schumer about the idea that this bill does help the wealthy. here was his response. >> we're putting a 1% tax on stock buybacks. these stock buybacks also help the corporate billionaires and the big, big hedge fund holders and things like that, because, and they do no benefit for people. they just make the stock price go up by having fewer shares. so, that brought in $70 billion

against the very wealthy. lisa: stock buybacks, companies use those to increase their value for them and their shareholders. is what leader schumer said accurate? >> well, he is right that they use stock buybacks which have some tax advantage over paying dividends. the stock buybacks do tend to raise the prices of their shares. the real question here is whether this 1% tax on stock buybacks is going to change any behavior of corporate managers at all. i would predict not, if you look at the revenue the joint committee believes this provision will bring in, i think they are basically assuming stock buybacks will continue at a high rate. i don't think it's going to influence corporate haver and i don't think it's likely to affect millionaires and billionaires that senator

schumer was referring to. lisa: over all of this is growing disparity in this country. i want to ask a big picture question. do you think these tax changes will have any effect on the rich and poor gap that has been growing in this country? >> i think not, i'm sorry to say. there are no taxes on wealthy individuals, joe biden is president proposed $365 billion of increased taxes on the wealthy in his budget proposals this year, and in this bill there are zero. so there are many -- basically this bill has decided that the only taxes that will be raised here mainly our large corporations. those taxes are small enough that i don't think it's going to have any noticeable effect on

distribution of wealth or income in this country. the division between the rich and everybody else is going to continue. lisa: michael from columbia university, thank you so much for talking with us. william: as a young woman in iran and later as an immigrant -- this artists was subjected to many restrictions. but on the canvas, she renders it all in fanciful, magical layers. special correspondent jared bowen of gbh boston met up with her at the currier museum of art in manchester, new hampshire it's part of our arts and culture series, canvas. >> i like this idea of having this idea of whimsical gardens and having some other things that are little disturbing. >> artist arghavan khosravi has

-- sees two irans. first the one she sees inside her home. >> i was born in a family that is culturally educated and gave me the space to do whatever i want. >> and then there's t public iran, where life is heavily restricted, especially for women. >> we go to school, we have to wear hijab, and there are things you must do to comply with those rules. i think it is too extreme to say that you couldn't be yourself. you could, but just a modified version or more contained. >> so in this, her first museum exhibition, we find flowering trees, sumptuous textiles, and

birds with widespread wings. but we also find women diminished, faces obscured, sometimes forcibly restrained. the work, khosravi says, all comes from memory. >> they're usually, mostly, not very positive, so for me, reacting to those memories in, in the paintings is somehow a way, also, to cope with those traumatic, often traumatic experiences. jared: and none of tse women are ever you? >> no, i never, intend to have these women as self-portraits, but i have some of the characteristics in common with me, like the hair color, eye color, to some extent the skin tone. i want to refer to my own race. jared: khosravi left iran seven years ago to attend art school in the united states. and as an immigrant, she's no longer free to travel home. but on the canvas, she dwells in

a magical realm says samantha cataldo, the show's curator. >> there's a real element of like, a dream space, or, like, a moment frozen in time, but it's rendered in really sharp detail. and so you kind of have that push-pull of reality and surreality in it. jared: in her latest work, khosravi's paintings enter our space, taking on sculptural qualities as they protrude from the wall, their weight literally suspended before us. >> you're confronted with the work, but not, of course, in a bad way. it's brought to you and it kind of beckons you and invites you to investigate all of its layers. jared: in a visual language khosravi has steadily cultated. look closely and you'll find her paint often sparkles, a nod to the precious, like middle eastern oil, she says, that comes at the expense of democracy. the classical sculpture represented throughout her work speaks to both patriarchy and notions of human perfection given over to decay.

>> so to put that very loaded imagery into a work that also includes things like more eastern traditions, like contemporary fashion photography. it sets up this interesting contrast and contradiction of ideals. jared: khosravi also returns time and again to historic persian miniature painting. they're images she was raised on, but in her versions, she moves men to the side. >> i see that women have a secondary role, or not very important roles in those scenes, and in my own work, i want to subvert that idea and give women more presence than what we have seen throughout art history. jared: history is literally woven into khosravi's work as she paints around, over, and through handmade textiles her father has sent from iran. you come in and you really are having a conversation with the artist who came before. >> yeah, yeah, because i, like,

i decided this color palette, because of the color palette that the textile had. yeah, it's an interesting dialogue. jared: and choice, which arghavan khosravi, now a long way from home, will never take for granted. you have what you talk about in these paintings, you have freedom, full freedom. >> yeah, yeah, yeah. and in contrast with what i'm saying in the paintings, i have freedom to say whatever i want to say. jared: for the pbs newshour, i'm jared bowen in manchester, new hampshire. william: and that's the newshour for tonight. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> for 25 years, consuming you -- consumer cellular has been offering plans to fit you. to learn more, visit consumer

cellular.tv. >> the ford foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. and friends of the newshour. [captioning performed by t

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