judy: good evening. on the newshour tonight, the cost of war. ukrainian authorities recover bodies for mass graves found in regained territory. we discuss the tenuous state of the war with ukraine's foreign minister. >> this is our country. we will fight as long as it is needed to restore territorial integrity of ukraine. judy: then, the investigations. a judge appoints an outside expert to review the classified documents seized in the fbi search of former president trump's florida home. and, it's friday.

our guests weigh in on recent controversies over immigration, and how access to abortion is likely to play in the midterm elections. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour been provided by -- >> pediatric surgeon. volunteer. topiary artist. a raymondjames financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live your life. life well planned. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of the newshour. >> fostering informed and engaged communities.

more at kf.org. ♪ >> and friends of the newshour. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. judy: a gruesome scene has played out tod in ukraine. officials began examining bodies buried in what kyiv calls the largest mass grave of the war. it was discovered near the city in the kharkiv region just liberated from russian occupation. nick schifrin has our report.

a warning, it contains disturbing images. nick: in a forage on the edge of the city, the ultimate dehumanization, unmarked graves. some got numbers. civilian 258 of more than 400. this is now ukrainian-held territory, so the ukrainians buried here are finally accessible to investigators. but that means in this war, the dead earn no rest. today, authorities exhume the bodies in order to try and pull russia -- hold russia accountable. none of these ukrainians received burials or coffins, but they were on the receiving end of russian torture. kharkiv's governor called it proof of russia's attempt to destroy. >> there are many children. there are bodies with hands tied on their backs. each of these facts will be investigated and it will get a legal review. the world has to acknowledge that this is a genocide of the ukrainian people. nick: many of the 40,000

residents left the city that was devastated by six months of occupation. but this man stayed. >> we retrieved our neighbor together with another neighbor. all of his family, seven people in total, are most likely buried here. nick: the ukrainian president demanded the lawbreakers be labeled. >> if there is no recognition of russia as a state sponsor of terrorism. it will be a portrayal of all those killed by russian forces who were tortured, who were buried in numerous mass graves throughout the territory russia invaded. nick: 5000 miles away at a press conference with georgia's prime minister, antony blinken reiterated the u.s. opposed the sponsor terrorism that said the u.s. was working hard to help ukraine find jusce. >> i think it will be very important to making sure those who have committedtrocities and those who ordered them are held accountable. >> that could require targeting vladimir putin.

today at a conference in central asia, he vowed to continue fighting. >> our offensive in the donbass region is not stopping. it goes on slowly, gradually. we are not in a hurry. nick: in a meeting with the indian prime minister, he acknowledged for the second day in a row that the war was unpopular. >> i know your stance on the conflict in ukraine. i know about the concerns you voice constantly. we will do everything for it to stop as soon as possible. nick: but it is not the russians who are stopping. it's the ukrainians who are liberating occupied territory, and in so doing, exposing the horror of russian crimes. for the pbs newshour, i nick schifrin in kyiv. judy: the ukraine human rights commissioner estimated more than 1000 people were tortured and

killed across the kharkiv region before it was liberated. ♪ stephanie: i'm stephanie sy with newshour west. we will return to the full program after the latest headlines. wall street reported one of the worst days of this year -- wall street ended one of its worst weeks this year as fedex and general electric reported sharply negative business trends. the dow jones industrial average was down another 139 points today. it lost 4% for the week. the nasdaq fell 104 points today and 5.5% for the week. the s&p 500's losses today left it down 4.8%. president biden met this afternoon with relatives of brittney griner and paul whelan, americans imprisoned in russia. greiner, a pro basketball star, pleaded guilty to drug related charges. whalen is a corporate security expert convicted of espionage, a charge he denies.

the administration has condemned their detainment and offered a prisoner swap, but russia has not agreed. migrants flown to martha's vineyard, massacsetts, on thursday have been taken to a military base. the move was voluntary. the migrants boarded buses to catch the ferry to cape cod. state officials said they will receive food and housing at the base. florida's republican governor arranged the migrants' flight. he says there may be more to come. the line in london to view queen elizabeth's coffin was so long today that authorities closed it for seven hours. when the line reopens, it still stretched for five miles. the government warned that it could take 24 hours to get into westminster hall. the queen is lying and stayed there. former soccer star david beckham was among those sticking it out.

>> i grew up in a family that were all royalists and you know i said earlier that today i think back to my grandparents because if my grandparents were alive they would have been here. so it's nice to be here to celebrate with everybody. stephanie: at one point today, king charles and his siblings stood a silent vigil at the coffin for 15 minutes. the queen's funeral is monday. officials say flood waters are now rapidly receding in the south, in hard-hit sindh province. water levels have fallen as much as three feet in the last 48 hours, but could still take three months to return to normal. millions are homeless and sleeping in makeshift tents after the summer of historic monsoons. back in this country, more than 1000 people who said they were sexually assaulted by a university of michigan doctor for decades can now begin to receive financial compensation. today, a judge signed off on an order allowing victims to start collecting a portion of a $490 million settlement negotiated with the school. a texas judge today expanded an

order blocking the state from investigating advocates of transgender youth who have undergone gender-affirming treatment. the judge had earlier blocked parents of these children from being investigated. the protections effectively stymie a directive issued by governor greg abbott that authorized the state to investigate gender-affirming care as child abuse. still to come, the death of queen elizabeth draws mixed reactions from former british colonies in africa. a new ken burns documentary examines the united states' response to the holocaust. a mother and h child sit down for a candid conversation about vaccine hesitancy. and much more. >> this is the pbs newshour. from weta studios in washington and from th west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. judy: the revelations of more mass graves and potential russian war crimes have horrified many -- a new and revolting scene in an already brutal war.

it is now nearly seven months since russia's invasion of ukraine whose forces are running an effective counteroffensive in the east and the south. nick schifrin is finishing two weeks of reporting in the country, and he sat down this morning with ukraine's foreign minister. nick: mr. foreign minister, thank you, welcome. we have spent the last week in kharkiv, where we found the villages and towns liberated from russian occupation for the past six months. we met a woman who had to witness the excavation of her own son who was tortured and murdered by russian ldiers. we visited a room that rsian occupiers used for torture. now police have announced a mass grave of 400 soldiers and civilians. can you talk to russia diplomatically when its soldiers are committing the crimes that we've seen? >> that's a very painful question to ask. as a diplomat, i have to be rey to talk, even with the

devil, if the national interest of my country requires so. but i am also a human being, and the last thing i want to do is to talk to them. after everything russia has done, and it has become apparent that war crimes and atrocities always follow the russian army. after seeing all of that, i have a strong feeling that the best negotiating table with russia is the battlefield. but again, this is two parts of me fighting each other, struggling with each other inside of me. of course, i know how to take emotions under control, and if i face the need to engage in serious negotiations, i will, but i do not see any interest or indicators from russia that they are seeking serious negotiations for many reasons. look at the latest missile attack by russia.

>> outside the president's hometown. >> absolutely, it had no military objective. it was an attack on a critical piece of infrastructure with only one aim, to cause flood and mass death of civilians. so, when a country behaves like this, the corridor for negotiations is closing. nick: the battlefield is dynamic, and the u.s. certainly wants to give you the most progress so that you have the best position at the bargaining table. are the gains that you've had in kharkiv enough in order to consider negotiations, just from those gains that you had already? >> definitely not. the moment we will hear from president putin or someone from his entourage that they want to engage in talks, we shouldn't rush to respond positively. first we have to answer a question, why all of a sudden russia is seeking negotiations. maybe because it is in a condition when it cannot defend

its gates militarily, so it tries to buy time and defend these gains diplomatically. nick: has russia been reaching out to kyiv? >> no, but if this is the case , if they call for negotiations when, and -- for negotiations when at the moment of their highest weakness, then why should we be interested? definitely, our goal will be to kick them out of the country entirely. nick: despite the territory we seized from russia in kharkiv, the ability to re-seize territory in the south, even in the donbass level of crimea, is difficult according to the analysts that i speak to. will there come a point that if ukraine admits that it's impossible that we seize all of that territory, negotiations can begin? >> we will never come to that

conclusion or that point. this is our country. we will fight as long as it is needed to restore territorial integrity of ukraine. but the recent achievements in kharkiv region, they are visible, remarkable, we also have achievements in the south. they prove that we can win. nick: it sounds like what you are saying is that the military success, the ability for the military to prove that russia cannot necessarily hold ground it seized is important for your political support in the west. >> definitely. not only political, but public support. we all know the story that people like to support the winners. every gain that we make is important to inspire our partners in the world to continue supporting us, and to step up the support. nick: ukraine's government needs

$5 billion a month in order to pay its bills. is the west giving you enough economic support? >> not yet. but i want to make one point, the numbers we have mentioned are absolutely correct. there was not a single month since february where we would receive this $5 billion. that we did not receive this $5 billion per month, we still managed to survive and adapt our economy to the new wartime reality. our life will not be getting better financially in the coming months, so this $5 billion is needed. nick: have the europeans promised economic support that hasn't been delivered? >> yes. most of the governments were committed to stepping up to continue the support, but it requires consensus. they make promises, but then building a consensus to get things done appears to be more difficult than promising something. nick: let's talk about weapons.

the u.s. continues to resist ukrainian requests to deliver the longer-range emissions -- munitions for critical high marks. publicly, at least the u.s. says that it is not delivering those longer-range munitions because ukraine doesn't need them on the battlefield. does ukraine need them? >> we do, and our generals have excellent line of communication with american generals. they are discussing this issue. we appreciate everything the united states has done, but there are some specific types of weapons which are needed to, again, get things done on the battleground. i do not exclude the option that the united states will make a positive decision on the specific type of weapon. nick: so you are saying that negotiation continues? >> yes. nick: has ukraine used u.s. weapons to strike crimea?

>> no. nick: do you think it has call putin's bluff? there is a claim that crimea was under russian nuclear. >> absolutely, the psychological effect of these incidents and -- in crimea is far more important than the military effect. nick: there have been critical infrastructure attacks in ukraine in the last couple of days. do you believe that you would've been able to stop those attacks had you received the air defense systems that the u.s. and germany, among others, had promised, but not yet delivered? >> absolutely. we need air defense systems to shoot down russian missiles targeting our cities and our civilian infrastructure. and the sooner we get them, the more civilian lives will be spared. >> thank you very much. >> thank you. ♪

judy: a federal judge has rejected the justice departments access co -- accesso classified documents seized by the fbi in last month search of former president trump's mar-a-lago home. the judge has also appointed a veteran new york jurist to serve as a special master that will independently review the classified records. to help us understand what this means for the investigation into the former president president, i am joined by university of michigan law professor and former u.s. attorney barbara mcquaid. welcome back to the newshour. what is known about this jurist who has been appointed as special master by the judge? barbara: he really has a very good reputation. i think he's a fine judge. he is a long time judge on the eastern district of new york and brooklyn.

he previously served as u.s. attorney there, an appointee of ronald reagan, and also served on the foreign intelligence surveillance board. that's important because that signals that he has experience dealing with classified documents. that part of the order is great, but the problem is, it's as if saying, guess what, you've got a william klesse surgeon -- a world-class surgeon who is going to remove your appendix, except you say, i don't need my appendix removed. judy: we should've said the judge was appointed to the bench by former president trump. he is now retired but still active in ways and the judiciary. what will his job be exactly? barbara: it's not exactly clear, but he has issued his first letters to the parties today asking them to appear on tuesday, which is a good sign. and he asked them to set the

agenda as to what he should be looking at. i think this is a good move on his rt and an opportunity for the justice department to perhaps narrow the areas of disagreement. what the justice department really wants so urgently is an opportunity to fully review those 100 or so classified documents so that they can make sure that there is no damage to our intelligence community and sources whose lives might be in danger or methods of collection that have been compromised. it's an opportunity for them to get that at the top of the list. judy: remind us, what are the arguments that the judge, who made this decision to get a special master involved, what are the arguments that she is then making in her ruling that in disagreement with the department of justice? barbara: she says a couple of things that justice department disagrees with. i have to say, i think the justice department has the stronger argument. she argues that donald trump has potentially a possessory interest in some of these documents that were seized. the justice department says, no, if they are presidential records, they belong to the united states government.

the presidential records act says so. they are classified, these belong to the government. she says something that i thought was rather shocking in that she said the mere fact that they say classified does not mean that they are classified. that is a real breach of the separation of powers, because it is the justice department, the executive branch, part of their core responsibilities to say what is or isn't classified. the other area of dispute is whether donald trump has executive privilege over any of these documents. again, this does not seem like a viable argument. the idea that he would exert executive privilege against the very executive branch that owns it. so those areas of dispute may force the justice department to file an appeal. they said earlier that they would, at least to this state, because they are obviously thinking not only about this case, but institutionally protecting other cases that may come down the road. judy: that is what i wanted to ask you about. when the justice department

says, we need to look at this information, we need to continue our work and do it now, we can'wait, why? what is the reason that they give for needing to do it as soon as possible? barbara: they want to assess any damage done to the intelligence community. so if, for example, there is a source of information who is stationed in a hosti foreign government, whose identity has been compromised, that person's life could be in danger. or if there's a method of collection, some technological surveillance method that is not publicly known yet, if that should become discovered, it could dry up the source of information or it could be used as a channel to push disinformation if people found out about that. that's a very urgent challenge. the judge did say you can go ahead and do that part of the investigation, but you cannot use these documents for your criminal investigation. and what the justice department has said is they are really intertwined. they even got an affidavit from

the director of the counterintelligence select division saying so, that you need to interview people to say who had access to these documents at mar-a-lago. do you know why there may be empty folders? what happened to the contents? this is part of the damage assessment but also the criminal investigation. the worst thing that could happen here is that thjustice department, in its effort to protect the integrity of the intelligence, does something that runs afoul of her order. because then they become tainted, and anything that happens down the road in the case could be a basis for reversal oconviction. so you really want clarity upfront about what they are allowed to do and not allowed to do. they don't want their hands tied so that they can conduct this intelligence assessment. judy: so many strands of the story, and we are waiting to see tonight whether there is this appeal by justice. this story will definitely continue. and as you said, the special master will hold a hearing on

monday. barbara mcquaid. thank you. barbara: thank you. judy: world leaders are preparing to gather in london for the queen's funeral on monday. while glowing tributes continue to pour ian, her death has also sparked painful memories and anger among several former british colonies, many of which fought violent struggles for independence. and her passing has prompted a wider conversation about the role the british monarchy has had in their oppression. our special correspondent has this report from one of those former colonies, kenya. >> this 98-year-old man paid a price for kenya's freedom. he is one of the few surviving

fighters who took part in the uprising against british colonial rule beginning in 1952. he and hundreds of others of fighters rebelled for nearly a decade against the mistreatment and torture under the british. >> the white man wanted all our harvests, he wanted our forests. we were being beaten, told to kneel down with our hands up and flogged without clothes. >> he was put into tension in september 1952, and subjected to hard labor for more than five years. many of his friends were killed. it is believed 90,000 kenyans may have been executed during that time. >> i was one of the four people to be hanged. fortunately, i was not hanged. >> many kenyans here describe the oppression in the colonial role of slavery, pointing to

their exploitation on railroad constructions, as well as farms owned by the british. alice is over 90 years old and says she endured over 15 years of mistreatment walking on road construction in kenya. >> there were no roads, we were the ones who created roads. the white man despised us, our children were being called may's cobs. they were not seen as children. we carried heavy loads on our back to construct roads. >> for many here, the memory of british rule is painful. they recall a time when kenyans were marginalized and properties grabbed. many people who participated in this area lost their lives while others died of their injuries. after allegedly being tortured by the british colonialists.

they are relieved that their efforts led to the freedom that kenya gained but feel disappointed that there has been no compensation from the british government. indeed kenya gained independence in 1963, but the victims of oppression here aren't sorry about the queen's death, because they say she offered no apologies, even after making several visits to former colonies in africa. a similar urprising broke out in south africa. freedom fighters such as former south africa president nelson mandela were detained for decades and faced torture in prison cells. despite the queen's personally warm relationship with nelson mandela after his release in 1990, some south africans feel she should have acknowledged atrocities by the british. and they are calling for an end to any nostalgia about the british monarchy.

>> the monarchy has never done anything positive to africa and south africa, there's nothing positive that the monarch has ever done. >> still, several african leaders have sent kind messages of condolences and have praised her efforts to restore friendly ties with former colonies. >> i saw her driving in a ceremonial car with nelson mandela, a long-time victim of colonialism in south africa. i also saw pictures of her -- that was part of her efforts for reconciliation. >> and as king charles iii takes over the throne, there are questions over whether britain will now acknowledge the atrocities committed by british colonial masters. but for victims like ndegwa, there is not much time left,

and they may not live to see compensation, that acknowledgement, or even an apology. for the pbs newshour, i'm isabel nakirya in nairobi. ♪ judy: migrants land at martha's vineyard and at the vice president's doorstep. inflation rebounds. and abortion divides republicans on capitol hill. it's all part of a full week and it's why we are grateful to turn to the analysis of capehart and kherson. that is jonathan kay, associate editor for the washington post, and his colleague michael kherson. david brooks is away. hello to both of you on this

friday evening, thank you for being here. let's start with the migrant situation. jonathan, we have two governors, the governor of texas, greg abbott, the governor of florida, ron desantis, sending plane loads, busloads of migrants to washington, d.c., and just in the last couple of days to martha's vineyard, this island a part of massachusetts. they say it's about payback because the federal government hasn't done anything about this. others are saying it is a stunt. what is it? >> it's a stunt. they've sent busloads and planeloads of migrants to not just washington, d.c. and martha's vineyard, but new york city, chicago, and giving no notice. i did an interview with mayor eric adams for the "texas tribune" festival and i asked him, have you spoken to governor abbott? no. there's no coordination. no one is calling them. and as we know about what happened on martha's vineyard, they got a phone call 20 minutes before that the plane was going to land. using human lives like this, these are people. particularly the folks who

landed on martha's vineyard. these are people who traveled from venezuela, and i'm not talking about flying in on planes, they walked from there, and then they get to texas and someone says to them, are you looking for a job, you are looking for a home? come this way. and they put them on a plane to martha's vineyard. the one saving grace is all of this is that martha's vineyard is an island, a community that is known for its openness. there's a sign that i've seen on the vineyard since at least 2019, 2020, that reads, we respect women, we value black lives, we stand with our lgbtq community members, we stand with immigrants, refugees and indigenous peoples. just saying to the folks who visit martha's vineyard that you are in a community that prizes diversity and prizes humanity, and that's not what we've seen from abbott or d santos --

desantis. judy: will this send you closer to a solution? >> goodness no. it's a big thing in maga world to own the libs. that means essentially mocking them in ways to make them look bad. and this is a case where you had a governor of the united states trying to own the libs with human beings as the method. these states were once known as laboratories of democracy, laboratories of policy. now they are laboratories of progressively worse and humanity. texas, florida, and the like. it indicates something disturbing about much of our political system. it has become performative. these are performances by politicians. not this pursuit of ideas or solutions or common ground. it's really, i'm going to send

this message to try to hurt my enemies, and i will do it in the most dramatic way possible, and we have not even reached the bottom of it yet. judy: i hear people all the time saying, why can't we do something about immigration? president after president, republicans and democrats, have not been able to do that. why not? >> because there doesn't seem to be a will to do it. i remember president george w. bush trying really hard to get an immigration reform bill done, and he gave up in 2007 when they could not get 14 votes to get cloture in the senate. president obama tried over and over and over again while at the same time enforcing, deporting people where he had allies of his calling him deep order -- deporter in chief. he then started doing daca, but they did not do anything. president trump, build a wall,

putting babies in prisons. if governor abbott and governor desantis were really serious about doing something about the border, they would be spending, they would be commuting to washington, d.c., walkg the halls of congress, amending a -- demanding a meeting with the president, and sitting down together to come up with a plan and force congress to pass the plan, but that's not what they are doing. judy: do you see any way through this hard issue? >> the problem now is that one of the essential elements of maga ideology is us versus them. and someone from an ethnicity like from venezuela is an easy them, because they look different, they speak differently. the opposite here, these are many people who claim to be christians in their political engagement. one of the most basic principles of religious ethics is welcoming the stranger. how could this possibly be consistent with what we are seeing in republican ideology

right now? i'm afraid it's baked into trumpism. there always has to be an enemy, there always has to be a them, and this is what they've chosen. judy: another tough issue that has come up this week, and that as we saw in the senate, lindsey graham, south carolina republican proposing what's almost a national ban, a national ban on abortion, 15 weeks limit. but it's interesting, there were some republican senators who were indicating they couldn't go along with this. what is happening with the issue of abortion now? >> i'm still trying to understand why senator graham did what he did knowing what we know, how the american people feel about the issue of abortion. c-- if the kansas vote from the summer wasn't a big indicator to republicans that you need to tread lightly here, i don't know

what is. instead, the senator proposes this ban. the fact that republicans on the hill are walking away from him says nothing to me, because they are walking away from him because midterms are coming. will those same people be walking away from senator graham after the midterms, when maybe they tried to do it in the lame-duck, or if the republicans get the majority, will they still walk away fr senator graham? or will they go with him? the other thing is, once you start at 15 weeks, once you start that debate, that's not the end of theebate, that's the beginning. what more are they going to want to do to try to have more control over bodily autonomy for women? are they going to go after contraception? are they going to go after other things that really strike at people's own personal liberty? judy: what do you think is behind what senator graham is doing, and how do you read the republican reaction? >> what he's doing is political. -- politically foolish. it complicates the lives of

almost every one of his colleagues running. but, i think i know him well enough that he believes this is actually a moderate republican position. if you look at the number of abortions that take place in america, according to the cdc, about 92%, 93% are before 13 weeks. what he is proposing, i think what people don't quite realize is if you accept a 15-week ban, you've allowed most abortions in america, well above 90%. at other times in the history of the pro-life movement, people would look at this and say, this is total surrender. so the bill itself is not extreme, and he makes exceptions for rape, incest, and life of the mother. judy: then why are a number of republicans not signing on? >> politically, they don't want to engage in the details of an issue they don't want to talk about. this is a case where the polling

is really bad when you look at the pro-life perspective that people wanted to keep roe v. wade. but if you look at the polling of a 15-month ban, it's just about even in several polls. i think that graham knows that and thinks this is the way it should be argued. but it also is a political disaster for republicans. >> this whole thing feels like politics. i hear what you are saying, michael, about this is actually republicans of yore would think that this bill is surrender, but i watched part of that press conference, senator graham's press conference, and there was a woman there who asked a question, a very personal question about a complication with her own pregnancy. really horrible complication. she spoke from a human, personal level, and he answered her by dodging the question and relying on political talking points going after democrats.

if you really care about this issue, then you need to talk to them, you need to talk to that woman. you need to address her concerns, and that's what republicans aren't doing. judy: another subject i want to bring up, that's pretty bad news about inflation, about prices. this is an issue that democrats are worried about. republicans beating that drum. but from a pocketbook standpoint, what's going on right now? the economy, we are told, is strong, but prices are going up. what is behind all of this? >> i think the president has had a pretty good couple of weeks when you look at it in total. we found the inflation for gasoline and other products go down. you've had some fairly bad news on inflation, but you still have unbelievably low unemployment in america.

that's actually part of the problem, a tight labor market increases inflation. biden is, to some extent, the least popular, most successful president. but even the popularity has come up a few points in the last few weeks. i think he is looking to try to build on that success, create the appearance of competence and progress, and it actually is working, to some extent. i think among independents you see some movement. not republicans, but -- judy: how do you see this and the role of inflation playing in all of it? >> in terms of this confidence, the president averting the rail strike is something that was necessary, but imagine if there had been a rail strike, the inflation would've complicated

the story, it would've complicated inflation, but i do think that inflation is a big worry, it's a big worry for the administration because we know as much as abortion is working well for democrats politically in terms of getting women to register to vote, we know at the end of the day, people look at their pocketbooks, and if prices are high, if gas starts spiking, they look at their own personal economy. judy: we saw in a poll that the newshour was part of this week that even though the economists and experts say we are not in a recession yet, it may be down the line, a majority of americans, a large majority of americans think we are already in a recession. so so much of it is the mindset. >> right, it's personal. judy: jonathan, michael, thank you both. >> thanks, judy. >> thank you.

♪ a new documentary from ken burns and his colleagues begins on pbs on sunday. it is a different window into the holocaust with a focus on this country. burns is calling it the most important film he will ever make. jeffrey brown has a look for our arts and culture series, canvas. >> the nazis had already begun the mass murder of jews. that they were actually determined to eliminate all the jews of europe. >> the holocaust, the murder of some 6 million jews and millions of others. an ideology that drove nazi germany and aimed at wiping out the entire jewish population of the earth. >> one of the stories we tell ourselves that we are a land of immigrants. but in moments of crisis, it becomes hard for us to live up

to those stories. >> the u.s. and the holocaust, a six-hour documentary presented over three nights, shifts focus to make this an american story as well. one that raises troubling questions of this country's history and actually is. -- and actions. >> we didn't make the holocaust happened, but the anti-semitism, racism in the united states, the xenophobia, what we did with our native population, all contributed and are part of a story. interestingly, perhaps paradoxically, by telling the story of the u.s. and the holocaust, not just the government, but the people, it actually forced us to see, look at, and think about how we restructure the story of the holocaust. >> ken burns has lived and worked on rural farmland in new hampshire for more than four decades. >> jews, hitler charged,

wowere parasites, not germans. >> we saw him poring over footage and crafting language for this film. we spoke again recently in new york with burns. >> i think when we began, there was a sense that this was filling in a kind of gap in the quilts of all the different subjects that we've done. but as this project accrued, it had kind of urgency and kind of heartbreaking to it that has changed who i am as a human being. >> the idea was partly inspired by an exhibition at the united states holocaust memorial museum in washington, d.c. and recently they were back to talk about their new film. gretchen is the director of educational issues at the museum. >> students come into the classroom often times thinking that the holocaust did not happen. so, we know there's interest,

but there's also a lot of questions that students are bringing. >> it's not being released by a jewish organization. >> the film features historians. >> it is coming from a governmental source. it's much harder to dismiss it. >> it's coming from a governmental source. it's much harder to dismiss. >> older survivors who escaped to the u.s. as children. >> if we can make that clear and graphic and understandable, not something to imitate, but as a warning of what can happen to human beings. >> it explores american attitudes in the 1920s and they could make 30s. the growing activity and outright xenophobia and hatred towards immigrants. >> a man of the old stock is been crowded out of many districts for these foreigners. >> the passage of laws that restricted asians and set strict quotas on people from eastern europe, especially

impacting jewish people. even as new stories make clear what was happening in germany. one way to bring this home, shedding new light on the familiar story of anne frank and her father, otto. >> he stepped up his efforts to try to get to the united states. >> anne frank is arguably most young people's introduction to this subjective history. when we started making the film, came to light to get to the united states. the right kinds of people who are the right kinds of money. the right kinds of influence. i didn't know that. so it seemed initially on the surface however many were found by the u.s. and holocaust, why include anne frank? in the fact that we were including anne frank in telling her story and, i think, a different way, became very important. >> this was my great-grandfather max. my great-grandfather bella.

>> she was learning more about her own jewish family history, as well. she shows us the photos that tell a stark story of who survived and who did not. >> the side of the family was able to get out. the side was wiped out. >> the quotas are so pernicious with regard to european refugees, particularly jewish refugees trying to get out. it creates a bottleneck that results in the unnecessary deaths of tens of thousands of more people. it's on roosevelt, the state department, the congress and also on the american people. >> they did take in more than 225,000 refugees, more than any other nation. how much more could have been done to save people? can the military have slowed or even stopped the killing at concentration camps? what a the political of calculations of president roosevelt himself? here we see contentious and

complicated history. there is an urgent contemporary take away. >> hundreds of white nationalist warming the university of virginia. >> is sequenced near the end of the film includes very recent events. charlottesville chance of, " jews will not replace us. " and the capitol on january 6. they are very aware of the echoes of history. >> the fragility of democracy and the warning signs that we are seeing around the world and how we have to understand and confront our past to move forward. >> develops that, in the film, says that this time to stop genocide is before it happens. the time to save it democracy is before it gets away. those institutions are now under assault in essential, fundamental ways that threaten the existence of the united states of america as a democratic, a small d

democratic country. that's why it appears. the time to save democracy is before it is lost. >> happens on sunday night. to the pbs news hour, i am geoffrey brown. >> we're talking about appointment viewing. on pbs later tonight, you can watch the latest episode of the seasons "beyond the canvas." the show features interviews and profiles with some of the brightest stars in film, art, and literature. tonight's episode is called "black women lead." here's a preview. >> on this episode we meet black women leading the way. if you think about '16-'19 is in origin, these are our problems. >> her daughter and the story about her daughter within the context of an exhibition. it was important to get her trust.

>> figuring out how to use your platform. there is not a specific way. >> that's at 10:30 p.m. eastern tonight on most pbs stations. at a time when misinformation is rampant, the newshour student reporting labs is producing a series of conversations called moments of truth. believe false information and what causes them to change their minds. tonight, a story about a mother who refuses to give a common childhood vaccine to fight against measles, months, and rubella. >> i am mary krista smith. i'm a lifelong utah on. and a mom of two wonderful people. marley here is here with me today and while his younger brother. >> in 19 years old currently attending the university of

utah. double majoring in psychology and gender studies. i know you read some stuff about vaccines that turned out not to be true and that led you to vaccinate me later than was expected. i'm just wondering what went into that? >> i was so excited to be pregnant with you and nervous and wanted to do the right thing. i was also surrounded by other moms who were very convinced that vaccines were dangerous. there had been another call that was an article by andrew wakefield about the potential that the mmr vaccine could cause autism in babies. >> in the 1990s, andrew wakefield was a physician who enrolled about 12 children into a study where he made a link between the mmr vaccine and childhood autism. since then, the study has been debunked by numerous sources in the article itself was retracted. wakefield himself has faced censure as a physician in the

united kingdom and the united states. >> what hope to come to terms with getting vaccinated? >> your parents are really concerned about the fact that you were not vaccinated. they grew up in a time where their friends had polio. and the miraculous polio vaccine really changed everything for my parents generation. your grandparents were highly, highly concerned that i was not vaccinating you. >> what do you think makes people more susceptible to this kind of misinformation? >> i would say that my desire to want to do the right thing and to be a really good mom to you and make sure that you are healthy was certainly driving a lot of my questioning and concern and a certain amount of cynicism. i think that, you know, there is mistrust that breeds people's susceptibility. the pediatrician brought out a book and showed me photographs

of the consequences for babies your age if they got measles or mumps or rubella. those images, honestly, are still burned in my brain. i went home and thought, okay, what are the consequences i can live with? of the worst-case scenario happened on either side, which of those scenarios am i willing to live with? i opted to have you vaccinated. >> if you could go back and talk to your younger self when i was a baby, would you have any specific advice? what would you say? >> and proud of how i work through it, honestly. i'm actually really proud of myself and grateful that i listened to my intuition and made those decisions based on facts and made those decisions based on science and also what i could live with as a mom personally.

>> looking back, i understand it was probably externally hard to go against your friends and your other feelings about it, but i just want to say thank you and i'm very happy that you did. spank >> thank you for saying that. i am glad you are like how dare you not vaccinate me. >> such a wonderful conversation from our student reporting labs. you can find more moments of truth reporting series on our youtube channel. join our moderator and her panel on tonight's washington week for analysis of the week's political news. on pbs news week and saturday, why many families in the u.s. cannot afford enough diapers for their children and what is being done to meet the need. that is the newshour for tonight. pbs news hour, thank you. we will see you soon. >> major funding has been provided by -- grandma >> movin0

years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of the newshour, including kathy and paul anderson and camilla and george smi >> the ongoing support of these institutions including kathy anderson and camilla and george smith. the walton family foundation. working for solutions to protect water during climate change so people and that nature can thrive together. the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better

world. ♪ >> and friends of the newshour. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national c this program is made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. this is the pbs news hour from washington and in the west from the school of journalism at arizona state university. ♪ >> you're watching pbs.

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i am host of kqed newsroom. i am sitting down with jennifer siebel newsom. her latest film, fair play, examines the division of labor in the home. we will talk about her work, her life, and how she and her husband, governor gavin newsom, handled the chores in her household. join me on kqed newsroom coming up next.

tonight on kqed newsroom, she is california's first partner, a documentary filmmaker, and a mother of four. we talk in depth with jennifer siebel newsom. coming to you from kqed headquarters in san francisco, this friday september 16th, 2022. tonight, we have a special interview with california's first partner, jennifer siebel newsom. she is also a documentary maker his new film explores a to