♪ judy: good evening. tonight, the kremlin orchestrates sham referenda that aim to force occupied parts of ukraine to join russia. >> i am against the referendum. i think that my town and my region fully belong to ukraine. this is all very hard, and i reckon there is no place for russians on our land. judy: then former president trump embraces the unfounded theories of the extremely far right qanon community, raising concerns about future political violence. and it is friday.

we discussed president biden's speech at the united nations and the tenuous state of republican politics. all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." ♪ >> major funding for the "pbs newshour" has been provided by -- >> pediatric surgeon, volunteer, topiary artist. a raymondjames financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live your life. life well planned. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of "the newshour." >> the john s. and james l. knight foundation, fostering an and engaged communities.

more at kf.org. ♪ >> and friends of "the newshour." this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. judy: a selloff swept all street and the world as rising interest rates in the u.s. and many other countries are intensifying fears of recession. the dow jones industrial average hit its low for the year, down 486 points to close at 29,590. the nasdaq l nearly 200 points -- the nasdaq fell nearly 200

points. the s&p lost 64. for the week, all three indexes were down 4% to 5%. moscow went ahead with referenda today despite western opposition. the u.s. and west charge that the votes are illegitimate and preordained to go russia's way. hurricane fiona is closing in on canada tonight after blowing past bermuda. the driving rain and wind gusting to 100 miles an hour. the storm churned rough seas and knocked out power as it passed to the west. islanders have boarded up windows in advance. hurricane watches extend from nova scotia to newfoundland. meanwhile, 60% of puerto rico's homes and businesses spent

another day with no electricity. counter protesters in iran march in support of the islamic regime today, following growing unrest over a young woman's death in the custody of so-called morality police. several thousand demonstrators turned out in tehran, waving iranian flags. they accuse government protesters of being guided by foreigne. >> the protesters and rioters that took to the streets are not ordinary people. they are trained groups that have entered our country to destroy the ruling system. definitely we will not allow this to happen. judy: the government claimed that the counter protests were spontaneous. officials in lebanon and syria raised the death toll to 77 in the sinking of a migrant vote. the victims were lebanese, palestinians, and syrian refugees, likely bound to europe -- bound for europe.

syrian state tv shows survivors brought on shore and taken to hospitals. it is the deadliest incident yet in an exodus driven by lebanon's economic collapse. protesters in japan are rallying against holding a state sponsored funeral for former prime minister shinzo abe, o was assassinated in july. his pro-military policies made him one of japan's most divisive leaders since world war ii. he was cremated after a private funeral for days after his death. in his country, in-person voting for midterm elections has officially begun. people began turning out today at voting centers in minnesota, south dakota virginia, and wyoming. in all, 46 states and the district of columbia, will offer the option of voting early in person this year. still to come, we analyze the week's political news.

a nasa engineer is recognized for his work overseeing the launch of the web telescope. a new movement seeks to make hiking trails more accessible. we examine the literary legacy of the late author hilary mantell. plus, much more. >> this is the "pbs newshour," from weta studios in washington and in the west, from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. judy: moscow today launched with the u.s. called illegal votes or referenda in four regions of southern and eastern ukraine that are currently occupied by russia. meanwhile, the united nations said today it has fou new evidence of war crimes, and many russians appear to be fleeing the country instead of signing up for a new military draft. >> in a city still scarred by

russian shelling, now looms the threat of russian annexation. maria pull residents lined up outside what the russians call a polling stations to fill out what the russians call ballots. the question is -- do you want to join russia? the outcome is not in doubt. state tv showed scripted and staged celebrations and some retail politicking, but this is the reality of what the u.s. and allies today called a sham. the soldier precedes a poll worker carrying a box of ballots. the occupied literally voting at gunpoint. the russian-installed nets governor portrayed the vote as self determination and annexation inevitable. >> the referendum is a historic milestone, not only because we are certain the result be positive but because this is a culmination of our common difficult journey. we are returning home. >> but these ukrainians insist it is their home and call the russians unwanted guest.

these residents protested the referendum and those who escaped occupation remain defiant. >> i am against the referendum. i think that my town and my region fully belong to ukraine. this is all very hard, and i reckon that there is no place for russians on our land. >> what the russians are doing on ukrainian land today ukrainian officials say they found preliminary evidence of russian atrocities. >> based upon the evidence gathered by the commission, it has concluded that war crimes have been committed in ukraine. >> eric briefed the united nations human rights council in geneva today. >> sexual violence, torture, and cruel and inhuman treatment. there are an example of cases where relatives re forced to witness the crimes. in the cases we have

investigated, the age of victims of sexual and gender-based violence range from 4 to 82 years. >> now those that committed those atrocities will be joint by hundreds of thousands more as russia mobilizes. these recruits 3500 miles east of the ukraine border, some use sunglasses to hide tears. >> the most difficult thing is to say goodbye to the kids and the rest. >> others are reluctant to head off to war and unconvinced. >> of course i'm ready, but not now, not this time for sure. i think it is not my war. >> there are signs the callout is more widespread than publicly promised, including an admonition by the country's top orthodox priest for everyone to fulfill their military duty.

but many seem to lack faith. this recruiter tells his forcibly captive audience to be quiet and listen. >> we ship to training in three days and will not come back until the war is over. >> but others are not waiting. the line at the border is double what it was last week. some russians are driving away instead of being driven into putin's war in ukraine. judy: former president trump is back on the campaign trail stping for republican candidates who will be on the ballot this november. >> mr. trump is in wilmington, north carolina, today, holding a rally a republican congressman

running for the u.s. senate. our lisa desjardins is there and joins us now. we see those crowds behind you. i know you have been out talking to some of the attendees. give us a sense of who is there and what they are telling you. >> i will tell you, this crowd, when you ask them why they're here, one of the first think they will tell you is because they love this country. the next thing they will tell you, of course, they are devoted to former president trump. in fact, more devoted to him than the republican party. indeed, this is not the stadium-sized draw that mr. trump had when he was running for president or was president, but it is still a few thousand people, one of the larger types of crowds we will see in this midterm election cycle. we ask people here why they support preside trump and what

they make of the investigations underway and how president biden sees the. >> he is calling us all extreme radicals. we are not extreme. we just love our family. we love our country. we want what is best for it, and it's not fair to -- i don't do that to democrats. i don't group them all in one category. i have family and friends that are democrats. they are just good people. we just think differently, but i don't call them names. >> in wilmington, north carolina, the high gas prices, the food prices, i just wonder sometimes how the poor people feed their children, clothes their children, send them to school. i'm not happy with it at all. and i think trump would make a lot of difference. did, you know, back then. we were not in the recession we are in now. >> how many times are they going

to investigate the poor guy? for all he accomplished when he was in office despite the investigations and the headwinds against him, it is all ridiculous. if the guy did anything wrong, it would have come out by now. >> i think what people like me need to do is get up off their chair and get involved and volunteer, and that is what i have done for the first time ever in my life. >> for these midterm elections? >> yes, absolutely. i'm brand-new to north carolina, and i basically called up my local elections and set i want to be a poll watchers, and they said ok, and they are making me a judge. >> we know that steve bannon, former senior advisor and one of former president trump's closest allies has called for what he says is a strategy for trump allies to become election officials across the country. here in north carolina, republicans and democrats appoint judges on the local

level, but there is something that trump supporters in particular want their people to do. >> you are, of course, in a key state for the battle for control for congress. that is why mr. trump is there, buwhen you talk to his supporters, how motivated are they to turn out foridterm election when he is not even on the ballot? >> such a great question. we have a 50/50 u.s. senate right now. north carolina is one of just 10 states that could determine if republicans are democrats control that chamber going ahead. let's talk about the race very quickly. running for the north carolina open senate seat, we have representative ted budd, the republican, and sherry beasley is the democrat, a chief justice from the north carolina supreme court. both parties like their

candidates. president trump has endorsed ted budd -- former president trump, i should say. i want tpoint out why we are here. this is the place where joe biden running in 2020 underperformed. this was a place hard-hit by covid, the tourist economy here, beaches nearby really felt covid, and this was also a place where they had a lot of rural voters nearby. republicans say they have to get out in november and they are hard to reach door to door, so something like a rally from a former president is one way. >> i heard you ask about a lot of the headlines we see at the national level about mr. trump. what do other people say when you asked them about -- if they care about the headlines this week about the new york attorney general suing mr. trump for fraud over the ongoing department of justice investigation into his handling of classified materials down at his florida estate -- does any

of that matter to them? >> i would say there are two schools of thought. some of these trump voters, they are enraged about it. they are motivated to get out because they believe those investigations are political, as the former president has alleged. for others we spoke to, they said, i just want to move on. they will say i'm not a perfect person. i don't think former president trump is a perfect person. if ty are going to charge him, they should have done so previously. we know the legal problems and why tt has not happened. some folks here just want to move on. i will say one thing that is universal in everyone we spoke to at this rally, none of them believe the results of the 2020 election are legitimate. none of them except the election of joe biden -- none of them accept the election of joe

biden. that is a very large part of this crowd. >> speaking of conspiracy theories, there was a previous trump rally in ohio that got a lot of attention because of the presence of qanon supporters. are you seeing any signs of that in wilmington tonight? >> most of the voters we talked to disavow cue in on, have rejected it, say they have looked into it, but i did speak to a woman who says she believes there is something to the qanon conspiracy theories, and she likes and believes president trump is promoting them. we also saw cueing on bumper stickers in the parking lot. it is a dark conspiracy theory that is part of this crowd, but it sort of speaks to what this event is, really. it is an example of the contradictions in american politics right now, a crowd that comes here talking about how much they love this country, but throughout this crowd are woven conspiracy ideas and even rejecting an election that we know is legitimate.

>> that is our lisa desjardins in wilmington, north carolina, tonight, where former trump safari will be holding a rally. --ormer president trump will be holding a rally. mike rothschild joins us for more on the connection between trump and qanon. what do you see when you look at the rallies, from the messaging to the merchandise. is it a more overt embrace of this dangerous conspiracy theory? >> what i'm seeing is absolutely a more overt embrace of qanon. it looks almost like a church service with the swaying and the music and the two-way worship. this is a former president who is facing some real jeopardy. his back is really against the wall, and when your back is

against the wall, your turn to the people who have always been in your corner, and for trump, this is the queue and o movement. these are people who have stuck with him through everything that has happened. every loss has just reaffirmed their faith in his greatness and his eventual victory, so when trump except the qanon movement, he sees a group of people who look at him as almost a messianic figure, and he is reflecting back to them a love that he has been given by them. >> there has been a lot of headlines, a lot of attention paid to some of these elements. there is a song in particular that seems to be associated with people who follow qanon, and drum has used it in a video. it has also been played at rallies like this one last week in ohio. take a quick listen. >> we are a nation that has weaponized its law enforcement against the opposing political party like never, ever before. we've got a federal bureau of investigation that will not

allow bad, election-changing facts to be presented to the public. >> trump says this has nothing to do with qanon, the music, but tell me what you are seeing online. how is this being perceived? >> this is important to understand there are two songs going on. the first is the piece the trump campaign says they have been using, a royalty-free piece called "mirrors." the second is byhis richard feel good person, and it's called wwg1ga, and it stands for where we go when we go all. qanon people are saying this is him acknowledging us, telling us we are doing a great job and he is on our team and we are all going to win together. this is that messianic stance, them looking at him as this

savior figure and trump looking at them and saying, well, these people love me. i'm going to give it back to them. it is a two-way relationship of everybody kind of patting each other on the back and even each other the thumbs up, saying we are going to win this thing together and the rest of us trying to figure out is really going on here. >> we are talking about a faceless and dangerous conspiracy theory, one that fueled the january 6 insurrection, one that the fbi and department of homeland security have issued warnings about because of potential violence from members. help us understand why this overt embrace now. are we talking about a significant and powerful voting bloc here? >> i think it is important to cebrate actual q believers from the mass of republicans. q is a specific thing with its own branding. even trump supporting republicans, many will say they do not believe in that stuff,

but they believe in all the same things. they believe the election was stolen. they believe violence might be necessary to get trump back in office. they believe the pandemic was a hoax. it is all the same thing, so ultimately, the branding and iconography of qanon does not mean as much as it used to because this is a movement that has very violent tenets based on mass arrests and executions that is being embraced by the mainstream republican party, even if they have dropped some of that branding and some of those catchphrases, so these people have really embraced what qanon stands for, even if they have not directly embraced q and >> when you have someone with power and platform of former president trump overtly embracing this conspiracy theory , now there's a lot of talk about what can be done about it. how can you respond to it? how should journalists cover it? what do you say to that? >> well, we have to take it seriously. this is a movement that revolves around violence, and it is not

the kind of thing that a former president or any real elected official would embrace. they would want nothing to do with this. these would be the crazy people. you know, we don't talk about them. the president has now thrown his hat in with a very violent fringe group, and it has to be taken seriously, has to be respected. we cannot just write it off as crazy internet stuff. this is now mainstream politics this is the leader of the republican party, the presumptive nominee for 2024. >> that is mike rothschild. thanks for your time. >> thank you. ♪ judy: president biden rebuked russia and vladimir putin in notable remarks at the united nations general assembly this week, all while investigations

around former president trump picked up steam. to help us break down all this news and more, we turn to analysis from "new york times" and "washington post" writers. what we have seen this week, major setbacks on the battlefield for russia. vladimir putin is responding by calling up hundreds of thousands of young and not so young reservists. he is orchestrating sham elections so they can annex parts of ukraine right now in the east. he is not backing down. he is doubling down, in fact. what more can the west, can the united states you at this point? >> you know, he is suffering all these setbacks on the ground and at home. he is like a wounded tiger, and

he has escalated. what the u.s. government is trying to do is to try to help ukrainians push him out of ukraine but without tggering nuclear war, and that is a fine line to walk through. the u.s. government is doing what it had been doing and has plans to do a little bit more, which is supply ukrainians with the weapons they need to win in ukraine, not supply weapons to attack moscow, but you keep doing what they are doing. they have given massive amounts of intelligence so ukrainians see the battleground better, and they have the antiaircraft material. they have antitank material. they have missile material, so they are better trained, more morale, and they are just going to keep on plodding along, but it is that pacing that is so

key, do not get putin where he feels like he is totally in a panic and he escalates in a way that could involve attacking another country, attacking a nato country, and a whole variety of ways he could escalate. judy: much of what you read is that it all depends on vladimir putin and what he decides, if he wants to end this. is that how we should see it? >> i think so. we also need to look beyond that because it is important to remember china is watching here as well, so they will be looking at western resolve in the face of a nuclear threat and as they tried to decide what they are doing with taiwan, but i do think the main thing the west has to do is stand firm. continue supplying aid. it is incumbent on europe to come up with alternative supplies of fuel to get them through the winter as russia cuts back because that is where vladimir putin also has

leverage. he has economic leverage. >> i think the europeans have done a pretty good job of looking up their stockpiles. i think putin has done everything possible to make it easier for nato to stay together, so even the speech this week, the mass graves, giving the europeans months morning that he was going to cut off fuel before winter set in, he has hardened resolve around the world and kept what was going to be a tricky job of keeping the allies together, he has made a little easier. >> and also, his problem may be domestically as thousands of people are going to the street in protest, risking arrest. in fact, 1300 have been arrested. people are fleeing for the border. 300,000 men are being drafted. he's got some big problems at home, too.

>> -- judy: you do get the sense -- we mention president biden's beach at the united nations general assembly. we have other countries that are contributing to the war effort in ukraine, but you also get the effort there is just a limit to how much push this can -- how much difference all this can make. >> the hope is that at some point, the weather in ukraine makes it harder for a mass offensive, so there is going to be some time here. we hope is that at some point, putin says i need to do some negotiation. the hope is that ukrainians say we have done ftastic. we have -- we are actually pushing russian troops out, but it's actually kind of hard and maybe we should go to the negotiating table. that would be one where they would just negotiate solution. i do not blame ukrainians, they are the heroes here, but their passions a high. they are old with indignation. they are at least talking in a

very maximalist way. "we want crimea. we want reparations." maybe they will just keep pushing, pushing maybe a little faster than some of the allies or supporters would. judy: let's turn to politics in this country as we saw in the report before this, midterms are getting closer. today, house republicans and minority leader kevin mccarthy made a speech, went out of his way to sort of outline what he sees as what the republican agenda would be if they take the majority in the fall, but we want to show a quick clip of some of what he said and some of how president biden responded. >> we want an economy that is strong. that means you can fill up your tank, you can buy the groceries, you have enough money left over to go to disneyland and save for a future, but the paychecks

grow. they no longer shrink. we have a plan for a nation that is safe. that means your community will be protected. your law enforcement be respected. your criminals will be prosecuted. >> house minority leader kevin mccarthy unveiled what he calls a commitment to america. that's a thin series of policy goals with little or no detail. here's a few of the things we did not hear -- we did not hear mention of a right to choose. we did not hear him mention medicare. we did not hear him mention social security. >> what is going on here? >> normally a midterm election is a referendum on the president, but this one is different because people are looking at what the republican agenda itself could be. in part because of the abortion decision, in part because donald trump is in the news constantly, and so, yes, house republicans

are looking for something to talk about that are not those things, but this package that was unveil today, and it was meant to be sort of an echo of the 1994 contract with america, was not specific at all. it was basically a bunch of talking points, and i think that among other things reflects how fractured the republicans in the house are. i mean, getting them -- getting a majority of them to agree on anything is not only difficult in the campaign, but it will be diicult for kevin mccarthy or whoever the speaker is if in fact the republicans get power or get the majority again in this midterm election. judy: how fractured are they? >> in 2020, they had no platform at all, so iake this as a step forward. >> they did. are platform was anything donald trump wants.

>> it is becoming a party that is much more hostile to corporations, much more welcoming of an entitlement state, the welfare state, social security and all that, much more willing to use government to help working-class folks, but it takes a while for a party to migrate. i think they are migrating, but a lot of people like kevin mccarthy are part of the old party. there are some people like paul ryan, the old speaker, who were part of the old party. you have people part of that business party and then you have the working party, and they do not ci to eye a lot because this is a party changing his colors in rapid form. >> you look at this and think this is what we are going to watch for the next seven or eight weeks until the election. >> i think this is what we are going to watch, but again, one of the problems for republicans is again, donald trump keeps creeping back into the news. judy: speaking of donald trump, this was a tough week for him.

there was not only a court ruling against his side in what to do with the papers that the fbi seized at his mar-a-lago estate, there's also the new york state attorney general coming out accusing him and his family and his business of fraud, and yet, as we just watched at that rally, he is drawing big -- big crowds. >> the civil suit in new york amuse me. he claimed that his apartment in new york was 30,000 square feet, but it's only 11,000 square feet. that is, like, classic donald trump. it is not the most politically important of the investigations because it will take years to run through the courts, and even if they lost everything, his organization could afford it. the georgia case was more serious and the mar-a-lago case more serious. the mar-a-lago case seems plain,

common sense, and two of the three judges who made it were trump appointees who said that if we are going to investigate the documents, then the investigators have to see the documents. that does not seem like a complicated thing. judy: how does this bad news affect donald trump's prospects and his ability to sway the results? >> well, we know what the playbook is because we have seen donald trump in legal trouble so many times. it is delay, deflect, bluster, play the victim, and counterattack, but what is different -- what does feel different now is the accumulation of legal problems. not only being accused of a quarter billion dollars worth of fraud in new york and having the fulton county, georgia, da trying to figure out what kind of pressure he was putting on local officials to swing the election, but you've got the january 7 committee. you've got the justice

department looking into trump's actions before that and, you know, the fact that he had classified documents in his personal possession at mar-a-lago. it is just so many things going on at once. judy: all at once, and yet, he is drawing big crowds. to repeat myself. his believers still believe. everyone lisa talked to said they still believe that election was stolen. >> and they think these elections are politically motivated, which is not 100% wrong, by the way. i ran into a guy in conversation last week or so, big trump supporter, but is supporting ron desantis for the nomation, not because he has anything against trump, but just because he feels we should nominate a guy without baggage, so if enough trump supporters make that calculation, then some non-trump candidate has a chance. before the mar-a-lago search, you all real evidence of trump

republicans drifting away from trump. now they have drifted back. will they drift away again? time will tell. judy: how much influence will he have on these races where he has endorsed a candidate if the luster is coming off of some of donald trump himself? >> within a republican primary, his word is almost everything, but as a result, there are a lot of very weak republican candidates running particularly for the senate. judy: well, we are going to leave it there. thank you both. ♪ tuesday night saw a rare celebration of our nation's public servants. the samuel j heyman service to

public metals are given out to a wide variety of winners from public service agencies. nasa's greg robinson walked home with the flagship award -- federal employee of the year -- for his role managing the instruction and implementation of the web telescope, the most advanced in space, now sending back the spectacular images of our solar system and beyond. i sat down with him right before the ceremony to talk about his work. gregory robinson, welcome to "the newshour." congratulations. what did you think when you found out that you are the deral employee of the year? >> it is humbling, i must say. when i look at all the stories of other finalists, that's amazing work going on across government.

some surprising, some not, but just a lot of great work. judy: you were with the federal government -- you have now retired, but you were with the government for decades. take us back to 2018. there you were at nasa, deputy associate minister for programs, overseeing i read over 100 programs, and your boss came to you and said we want you to run the web telescope program. what do you think? >> i tried to run as well. my boss would not let me go. i really enjoyed the work i was doing. i did not want to take the web job -- the webb job. i declined a couple of times. over two or three weeks, he finally convinced me to take it. judy: they doubled your salary. >> still government. just made a convincing case on how important webb is to nasa

and, really, to the world, and we really needed to get it over the goal line. after reluctance and an a lot of time talking with my wife and a few mentors, i agreed to take it on. judy: the program was described at that time -- and this was four years ago -- as having a lot of problems, being off-track , delays, really shot through with problems in a way. what did you do to turn that around? >> for these major projects, we call them flagship missions, we are doing things that have never been done before. some of the things i did, one was making sure everyone was aligned, looking at things the right way, asking the right questions, and responding appropriately. that was one piece. another was allowing fresh eyes

to come in. other smart people within the agency who were not working on webb, sometimes having those people come in and help out a little bit is important. judy: you were very aware, i know, that federal employees are often invisible. they have frankly not been given a lot of credit over the years. you heard politicians talk about bureaucrats and lazy, just taking up space, wasting public dollars. what should the public know about the people you worked with at nasa? >> you have heard the saying that is it's all about the mission, and it really is. people wake up in their job is to get the thing done. even though we went to the challenges, no one ever took their tail and ran. they met every challenge, got it done. amazing workforce. judy: i think it goes without saying that you are one of very few black men working at a high level at nasa.

you could say that across the federal government. to what extent has race been an issue for you in your career? >> there are times i have resistance to advancement -- there are times i have felt resistance to advancement. i had some of that, over the years, but i can honestly say i believe mine has been a lot less than others. doing a program with howard university pay year, year and a half ago, the question came up, you are the first african-american to lead a major program at nasa. i had my comms team with me. no one could answer the question. i have been around nasa, i have been around nasa for 30 years, i think you've got the answer. i think that is something we

really need to work on. i should note the first one. hopefully when we have a conversation about this in five years, greg robinson is just going to be a common name. judy: you are one of, what? 11 children? what do you think your parents would be saying if they were here today about you? >> they would say, what the hell is this boy doing out there? they would be proud of me, no doubt about it. times were tough. i started out in segregated virginia through grade four. even after desegregation, segregation has its own challenges in terms of opportunity and exposure and things like that, so they would

be quite proud of where i ended up. judy: there's a good reason for that, and we want to add your congratulations. federal employee of the year partnership of public, greg robinson. thank you. >> thank you so much. ♪ judy: outdoor enthusiasts know well the physical and restorative benefits of spending a beautiful day in the woods on a trail, but many people, there are a lot of barriers, even to taking a simple hike because of a disability or difficulty with balance. as jennifer brooks of maine public television reports, a new grassroots movement aimed to change that and make trails accessible to all. >> in yarmouth, maine, jusa little north of portland, volunteers are nearly finished

building the 11-mile multiuse westside trail. the final mile, this section, will be accessible to those with disabilities. oh and and his sister olivia are first-time volunteers here with their grandfather -- when -- owen a his sister olivia. >> i want to see how that works out. >> engineering and design details matter. it is less slippery than pressure-treated lumber. on the gravel sections of the path, the grades and turns are gentle. the new section of the westside trail is onef a handful of new trail projects around the state design to be accessible.

. one of the big proponents of the movement is not waiting for special new trails to be built. he is out there now. meet e nick glidden -- meet enoch glidden. born with spina bifida, he goes everywhere in a wheelchair. for a year now, he has been traveling all over maine, testing trails. today, it is the preserve in cumberland, maine. >> when i do these trails, i'm taking note of different obstacles like groups in the road or roots. i take note of all those things in my mind and i take it yours and i take video. >> when he gets home, he posts his picture and writes a blog.

he liked this trail and rated most of it accessible or "wheelie easy." his message -- it might not take much to make your trails significantly more accessible. >> if people would just look at the trails they already have, the easy ones, and look at it from a perspective of if i was in a chair right now, would any of this stop me? if you find something that would stop you, how can you fix it? and just fix that and fix the next thing and the next thing, and pretty soon, you have an accessible trail. >> the adaptive outdoor education center says outdoors for all means all ages and all abilities. >> i think we are approaching a tipping point, approaching a movement. >> how far do whave to go? >> as far as the trail goes. we've got a long ways to go.

it does not have to be every trail, but it sure would be great if we looked at just about every venue with trails having one that is accessible, where someone with a physical challenge navigating some uneven terrain or perhaps a traumatic brain injury and some balance issues, could be visually impaired, whatever the challenge is, then they can still get outside, access that beautiful space. it does not have to be the summit. it could just be somewhere along the way. >> meantime, the volunteers will keep showing up. >> it is incredibly good work and will result in a very good product used by hundreds and hundreds of people for decades, so what is not to like? >> and enoch glidden will keep trying new trails, inspired by the people he is helping. >> a lady walked up to me and

told me she loved my blog and pointed out so many places that my mother and i could go together, and so that is really why i do that. judy: hillary men tell -- hillary men tell --hilar -- h ilary mantel authored 17 books. she died yesterday at age 70 of a stroke at a hospital near her home in exeter, england. jeffrey brown sat down with her in 2015. at the time she had published the first two novels of her trilogy. the former being adapted for both a pbs televion series and

for the broadway stage. here is an entire conversation as part of our arts and culture series. >> hilary mantel and her historic characters are seemingly everywhere. >> no one else has a ruler with six wives and cuts off the heads of two of them, so you are off to a nine start there. >> novelshave been an international sensation with more than for million books sold in 37 languages. she won the prestigious man booker prize twice, at first for a woman. it is a familiar story in many ways. the momentous reign in the 1500s of the tutor king henry played on television by damien lewis. >> the king should show himself sometimes, don't think? >> basking in power but needing a male heir, cutting loo one

wife in favor of the young ann boleyn, only to cut her head off when no son is produced, but mantel has told the story in any way, giving the lead role to thomas cromwell. works what did you just do? >> cromwell has long been cast as a shadowy, cruel schemer, especially compared to his great rival. this cromwell is also shadowy and scheming, but also charming and urbain. >> my question is simple -- how do you do that? what kind of man in that hierarchical structures society can break through all the social players, all the factors stacked

against him, and climb so high, and what is the price? >> you look at the history and you said this is wrong? >> i thought it was a lot more complicated and nuanced than the popular picture of cromwell. i wanted to put a spotlight on him, and i wanted to ask our audience, what would you do if you were him? just walk a mile in his shoes and see what you think. >> she says she grounded her fiction in years of research. >> i think an imaginative rider still has a responsibility, and that responsibility is to get the history right. that is the absolute foundation of what i do. i begin to imagine at the point where the facts run out, but like a historian, i'm working on

the great marshy ground of interpretation. >> which historians do, but also you are saying novelists? >> exactly. we all share the same sources. we share the same facts. the question is -- where do we stand? i sometimes think back to the day when i began because it is very vivid in my mind, writing the first paragraph and having that feeling by the time i was halfway down the first page, this is the best thing we have ever done. i was walking around with a big grin. do you want to see my first page? judy: from that first page to the very last one, hilary mantel completed her famed trilogy in 2020 with the novel "the mirror and the light or cup -- light."

and now something we have been share. one of our viewers let us know her son benjamin is a big fan, especially of our theme music. he gets very excited when it comes on the tv, so at her request, we sent and jim in a little gift, a clip of our music, and his mom programmed it into one of his toys. ♪ [giggles] >> how cool is that, benjamin? you can play it any time you want. ♪ judy: it does not get any better

than that. thank you, benjamin. he's just 18 months old. his mother says he has been watching for an long time. his mother reminds us how great we are for fans of all ages. thank you. later, join moderator yamiche alcindor and her panel for " washington week." and tomorrow, we get the latest on the ground in puerto rico as the island works to recover from hurricane fiona. that is "the newshour" for tonight. thank you. please stay safe and we will see you soon. >> major funding for the "pbs newshour" has been provided by -- ♪

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♪ hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. iranian women take to the streets, burning their hijabs, in extraordinary protests across the country. we get the iranian view and perspective from the united states on this and putin's escalation in ukraine. from senator chris murphy. then -- >> if we don't take action to support the most vulnerable, there will be consequences. people on the street. >> global instability, a dire warning from the imf chief kristalina georgieva. also ahead -- >> as one of the officials