judy: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, resigned -- the prime minister of the united kingdom steps down after a tumultuous six week tenure -- raising questions about her country's future. then, a critical campaign -- culture wars take center stage in florida's governor race between incumbent republican ron desantis -- and republican-turned-democrat charlie crist. and, the cost of conflict -- violence and instability wrought by the terrorist group boko haram cause widespread insecurity and hunger across the african nation of chad.

>> there is a connection between the insecurity caused by boko haram and foodnsecurity, because most people that we interviewed made us understand that if they joined boko haram, it was in search of food. judy: all that and more on tonight's ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- ♪ >> it was like an aha moment. this is what i was doing. early stage companies have this energy that energizes me. these are people who are trying to change the world. when i volunteer with women entrepreneurs, it's the same thing. i'm helping people reach their dreams. i'm driving by helping others every y. people who know, no vdf.

>> the kendeda fund through investments in transformative leaders and ideas. carnegie corporation of new york supporting innovations in democratic engagement in the advancement of international peace and security, at corny get.org -- at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by

contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. judy: words like shambles. abject chaos. a disgrace. these are words being used to describe the day in british politics. prime minister liz truss is out after fewer than 7 weeks on the job. her conservative party vows a new prime minister by next friday. but tonight the british people are trying to understand what happened and where they go from here. nick schifrin begins our coverage. nick: in more than 300 years of british constitutional history, no prime minister led for less time, than liz truss. >> given the situation, i cannot deliver the mandate on which i was elected by the conservative party. >> liz truss is elected as the leader of the conservative and unionist party. nick: it was a turbulent, tumultuous, and torturous 6

weeks for truss since she won the conservative party leadership and took over as prime minister from bis johnson following his resignation, just 3 months ago. [laughter] hasta la vista, baby! >> i have three priorities for our economy. growth, growth and growth. nick: to achieve that, truss proposed the largest package of tax cuts in 50 years, presented by kwasi kwarteng, the chancellor of the exchequer, the equivalentf the treasury secretary. >> it is an important principle that people should keep more of the money they earn. and it is good policy, mr speaker, to boost the incentives for work and enterprise. nick: but the tax cuts did not coincide with any spending reductions. and they were submitted without economic forecasts. they triggered an economic and political domino effect. the pound dropped to the lowest level against the dollar, on record. government bond prices collapsed. borrowing rates hit a 20-year high. at first truss reversed only a

planned cut to the highest tax rate. >> we can't give in to those who say we can't go faster. >> but then she fired the chancellor. i have asked jeremy hunt to >> become the new chancellor. nick: who on monday repealed the very economic platform on which she was elected. >> we will reverse almost all the tax measures announced in the growth plan three weeks ago. nick: by last night, a senior cabinet member resigned. truss' approval rating was 10%. her disapproval rating, 80%. more than a dozen fellow conservatives pushed her to resign. and party leadership lost control of its members in parliament. the country of shakespeare, seemingly reduced to one word. >> a complete and utter chaos. it is total, absolute, abject chaos. >> the deputy chief whip was reported to have left the scene saying, i'm absolutely f'ing serious, i just don't f'ing care

anymore. >> i think it's a shambles and a disgrace. nick: you have to go back 195 years to find the last british prime minister ousted from office in fewer than 5 months. the conservative party is allowed to pick truss's replacement. but keir starmer, leader of the opposition labour party, called for a national election, at least 2 years ahead of schedule. >> what a mess. this is not just a soap opera at the top of the tory party. it's doing huge damage to our economy and to the reputation of our country. nick: french president emmanuel macron responded today with a wish. >> in the current context -- a context of war, of tensions over energy and the wider crisis - it is important for britain to regain political stability, and that's all i want. nick: president biden today praisetruss' foreign policy. >> she was a good partner on russia and ukraine, and the british are going to solve their problems but she was a good partner. nick: and then, asked whether

britain's economic troubles could affect the u.s. pres. biden: no, i don't think they're that consequential. nick: and so it is for the united kingdom today, its influence diminished, its politics disorderly, and its economic outlook cloudy, on the verge of its 3rd prime minister in 4 months. nick: and to discuss truss' resignation, i'm joined by bronwen maddox, the direor and chief executive of chatham house, an independent policy institute in london. welcome to the newshour. let's just take stock, you just heard the words that have been used all day. chaos, disgrace. in your opinion, how shambolic is this moment? >> is pretty hard to calibrate. constitutional showdowns, parliament versus the judges, parliament against itself, and so on. this is pretty high in the ranking, though. to last only 40 four days as a prime minister is a record.

it makes liz truss a question in a pop quiz. it leaves her with really nothing by way of a legacy except this memo of chaos. it leaves the country with higher intert rates, even when her new chancellor stepped in and started reassuring things, there is still a legacy of these past, not even six weeks, that really stings people in their wallets and has left a very, very bitter taste. nick: in the last six weeks, boris johnson left, the queen died, truss has resigned and there is a real cost of living crisis. i know this is a hard question about a country with tens of millions of peopl but what is the mood of the united kingdom today? >> the mood is worried and really uncertain. the queens ath was a huge shock, even over the most

obvious reasons, people could feel it coming, but still wouldn't believe that it was coming. it will be the fifth change in prime minister within six years. it doesn't feel normal for a country that has prided itself on its ability to change more than people in other countries think, but basically being a byword for stability, for the rule of law, for the stuff of governance. it has shaken the country in its opinion of itself and has given a lot of people just a great deal of fear about what comes next. nick: inflation up 10.1%, that is a 40 year high. the natural gas price this sure has risen a 90%. how do these politics affect reddish pocketbooks? >> they are the subject of constant conversation, and they turn quite immediately into strikes we are having on railways, it feels like almost constantly at the moment.

and a lot of talk about, is it back to the 1970's, which was a really dark, low point in british fortunes. those of us who were kids then who remember doing homework by candlelight with power cuts and so forth, it's really kind of a shocking, shaking feeling that people have, after decades of success and improvement where the u.k. was doing much better than most of europe. suddenly to be thrown back to a much less successful part of its past. i don't think all of that is justified. i think enormous drinks in the country can come out of this, but the mood is really pretty worried. nick: conservatives have set the bar higher than it usually is to enter the race. any candidate need support of 100 members of parliament and the deadline is monday. were likely to see the current

leader of the house of commons, even boris johnson. who do you think is next? >> i think the right choice for the party, he was the runner-up to liz truss. he had a set of policies, economic policies which are almost identical to the ones jeremy hunt has been embracing. it's for caution, it's for a classic conservative set of economic policies. nick: we heard president biden their earlier praise truss for supporting ukraine in the war against russia. senior u.s. officials tell me they do not expect any kind of change in that policy. do you believe that the next u.k. prime minister would have any changes to british foreign policy? >> not toward ukraine. that is the solid policy at the

moment. it is something boris johnson did well. it is a solid plank that the next conservative leader woul seize on, because it does reinforce briin's since of itself in the world, and that is what is so shaky at the moment. st important is to work out what on earth relations are with the european union, particularly what kind of deal will be done inorthern ireland and moving goods between the mainland and northern ireland. most roads and foreign policy lead to the european union if you are in the u.k. because it is so close and it is the big trading partner. and there are many disagreements. ukraine in a way is easy, eu is inescapable but difficult. nick: thank you very much. >> my pleasure.

♪ judy: in the day's other news, a new barrage of russian missile and drone strikes knocked out more of ukraine's electric and water utilities. people in kyiv stocked up today on bottled water and prepared for rolling blackouts -- and many remained defiant, despite the hardships. >> russians have invaded our country, there is much anger against russian leaders and russian people. but we are ready for outages. we have candles, we have charged power banks. ukraine is charged to win. judy: moscow has denied using iranian made drones in the attacks, but today the u.s. state department charged that in fact iranian troops are on the , ground in russian-occupied crimea, supporting the drone attacks. there's word tonight of at least 170 people killed in southern sudan in the last 2 days. the associated press reports new fighting erupted between rival

tribal groups. sudan has been in turmoil since a military coup last october. dozens of people were killed in the neighboring nation of chad today. the government says 30 people died in the capital city. a morgue official says at least 32 others were killed elsewhere. rights groups say unarmed civilians were massacred as they protested having to wait 2 years for elections. they said police fired live bullets and tear gas. we'll return to this, later in the program. the head of iran's national olympic committee claimed today that a competitive climber will not be punished for competing without a head-scarf. she had been greeted by cheering supporters after returning from south korea, on wednesday. today, the iranian olympic official said she is not in jail. >> upon her arrival she was a guest at iran's olympic committee hotel with her family.

and today they headed to their hometown. judy: iran has been rocked by protests since a woman died in police custody last month. she had been arrest for wearing her headscarf to lease -- to loosely. the pentagon reports 300 28 suicides in 2021, compared with 384 a year earlier. the air force and the marine corps had the most significant declines, 30 percent. suicides in the army actually rose during the overall period, but they are down so far this year. it is not clear exactly what is driving the change. a federal appeals court has ruled that u.s. senator lindsey graham must testify in a 2020 election probe in georgia. a special grand jury is investigating whether then president trump try to interfere with results. graham is a south carolina

republican. he can still appeal today's ruling. a federal jury in new york found today that actor kevin spacey did not sexually molest a teenager in the 1980's. the verdict in the civil trial ended a lawsuit seeking $40 million in damages. anthony rapp had claimed that made sexualdvances to him when he was 14. federal weather forecasters say the coming winter will again be dryer and warmer than average. that means a higher risk of wildfires and droughts in the western states. the national oceanic and atmospheric administration says the weather -- weather pattern is continuing for the third straight year, with colder temperatures in the pacific ocean. and on wall street, stocks struggled to hold their ground. the dow jones closed at 30,330 three. the nasdaq fell 60 five points,

the s&p 500 slipped 29. still to come on the newshour, we examine how black voters could affect election outcomes as the midterms draw closer anthe u.s. surgeon general warns about high-stress jobs deteriorating americans' mental health. california ends a ban on cruising that targeted chicano low-rider culture. plus much more. >> this is the pbs newshour from debbie eta studios in washington, and in the west, from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. judy: politics briefly took a backseat in florida when hurricane ian devastated parts of the state. candidates are back out on the trail in full force, making their cases to voters and racists up and down the ticket. amna has our look at the race for governor.

>> we will leave no doubt that the state of florida is free, and it is free to stay. thank you all. amna: florida has long been the crown jewel of battleground states, but a high-profile governance race this cycle is a sign of shifting political tides. >> we will not let the state descend into some kind of woke dumpster fire. amna: since 2018, ron desantis has become one of the republican party's biggest stars and a potential presidential candidate in 2024. at a rally in deep blue broward county, hundreds of supporters lined up for hours to see the governor speak. >> like president trump, he is speaking for the majority. >> our country is in trouble.

we feel we are not in trouble. we feel blessed to have ron desantis. amna: are multiple requests for an interview with the governor were unanswered. he says the governor's bareknuckled approach has reenergized the base. >> for years, people who follow the republican party, even republican elected officials were very frustrated with people who were just sitting back, not taking action, not pushing back against media narratives, not pushing back against poor policies, not pushing back against d.c. amna: he fervently opposed covid protections, including lockdowns, masks, and vaccine mandates. imposing severe restrictions on educators speech on gender identity, sexual orientation, and racism in schools.

santos also launched a state-funded electoral fraud unit, despite no evidence of widespread fraud, then arrested 20 people in august. as this police bodycam footage shows, many were unaware they had run afoul of voting rules because they had been issued registration cards. >> this is the opening salvo. this is not the sum total of 2020. amna: and in september, desantis spent millions of dollars to fly migrant families to distant democratic cities without warning. federal and texas local officials are now investigating eight flights legality. a spokeswoman said more flights are planned ahead of the election. >> you look at the flying of migrant populations from texas up to martha's vineyard, purely for a political message. is that kind of cruelty necessary in this? >> so i don't think it's a

political message. what i think that is his exposing hypocrisy on the left. it's not politics, it is policy. these in our budget. we have appropriated money to do just that. it is meant to send a message, and i think that's what the governor did, was exposed that hypocrisy. amna: florida democrats have returned to a familiar face. former republican governor charlie crist is making his third bid to lead this state. he served from 2007-2011, then switched parties in 2012. as a democrat, he lost the 214 governors race by 1.2 current senator rick scott. two years later he was elected to congress, and resigned earlier this year to focus on his gubernatorial run. you have never won statewide office as a democrat. what makes you think this time is different? >> because this is the charm.

i feel it, i really do. amna: he says this race is about human decency. >> i wear this wristband every day. it talks about the golden rule. it's what america deserves. we need a governor that cares about people, doesn't beat up on lgbtq and african-americans and the right to vote. the choice issue has never been on the ballot in the last y flok abortion ban earlier this year with medical exceptions, but no exception for rape or incest. >> what a hypocrite. amna: crist is helping the issue drives women and younger voters his way, but he faces some stiff headwinds.

polls have consistently shown desantis leading by more than seven points. he currently has over 100 million dollars in his campaign war chest, about 35 times more than crist. last year the gop gained an edge on the voter rolls. republicans outnumber democrats more than 270,000. miami-dade, florida's largest county, is one example of republicans gaining ground in the state. 2016, hiller clinton won the county by 49 points. joe biden still one, but by only seven points. >> i think desantis wins by four or five points. amna: he says the state's rightward shift has been a long time coming. >> florida, in addition to a good climate, has had a fairly robust economy in the last 20 years, driven by our hospitaity

industry, our cultural industry, by real estate. if you are the majority party, you ride that wave. amna: but he endorsed a democrat in one congressional race. you went back to democrat this cycle. why would a leader in the republican party back a democratic candidate? >> it's my way to send a message to republicans to stop this culture war stuff. it's just mean-spirited. it dividesmerica in ways that are not healthy, and it is not who we are as a country. amna: peeling off moderate republicans is one part of democrat strategy here in part a. according to one state representative. >> i feel like those floridians that voted for trump or is tired of the constant culture wars, the pure exhaustion of divisiveness, that charlie is someone who could have that appeal. amna: at 32, she is one of the

parties youngest elected officials. over the long-term, she says democrats need to rebuild infrastructure to regain lost ground. >> it does take time. in florida, we are looking at a political landscape where a lot of folks see more potential in the states like ohio, pennsylvania, arizona, and texas even. we are seeing national infrastructure look at florida and say, we are going to move on, which is really bad, because florida is the firewall between freedom and fascism. amna: speculation over a 2024 presidential run i ron desantis and a challenge to former president trump has hovered over the race. that idea through caution. do you think you should run for president in 2024? >> 2028. i got to give trump one more time.

amna: floridians will first cast their ballots in these high-stakes contests. mail-in voting is now underway. i'm on the no one's in coral springs, florida. --i'm amna nawaz. judy: candidates in tight races across the country are trying to win over lack voters in next month's elections. the voting block is critical in a number of states that could determine the balance of power in congress. >> one of those states that could tip the scales is pennsylvania, where the president traveled today to support democratic senate candidate john fetterman. black voters were key to president biden's victory against donald trump. take these three swing states that went blue in 2020. in georgia more than half of , democratic voters were black. in michigan one in five

, democratic voters were black. and in pennsylvania, again, one in five democrats. for more on the battle to court black voters in pennsylvania and other key battlegrounds, i'm joined by cornell belcher, a veteran democratic pollster and president of brilliant corners research and strategies and malcolm kenyatta, a democratic senate representative in pennsylvania. he finished behind fetterman in the primary earlier this year, and is now supporting him. thanks to you both for joining us. three quarters of black voters cite the inflation and economy as their top concern. does that square with what you are hearing from voters in pennsylvania? >> black voters are concerned with the number of different things. the impact of the dobbs decision is one that comes to mind. stacey abrams said something brilliantly this morning, that people don't look at this in terms of the economic issue that abortion is. but i think a lot of voters are. they are understanding what it could mean with an unexpected

pregnancy, to have the government come in and say you have to have that child anyway. they are worried about the fact that still, black entrepreneurs are trying to get their lives back on track after the pandemic, any time the president is out of d.c. and back in states like pennsylvania, doing what he does so well, talking about what he has accomplished, and also talking about the pain that people are still feeling and what we can do if we have a bigger, older senate majority. frankly i think john fetterman is going to win. >> what about beyond pennsylvania? is the economy the number one issue for voters? >> too often in the news media, and i'm guilty of being part of the media these days a lot, a simple narrative, and it would

drive the narrative over and over. it is far more complicated. if you take african-american voters, for instance, voting rights, criminal justice reform are top-tier issues. it's not simply about the economy. what you see in some of these instances in places like these battleground states, you're going to see democrat organizations are now communicating around some of these more micro-, critical issues around criminal justice reform, as well as voting rights reforms which are top-of-the-line issues, especially in places like georgia. if you are disenfranchising african-americans, taking away their power, gas prices matter, but you're taking away my political power, that matters more. >> that brings me to my next topic, which is that president

biden has framed the election as a choice between pro-democracy and antidemocracy forces. a new york times poll found that 66% of black voters see donald trump as a major threat to democracy. despite that, most democrats in competitive races are running on abortion rights issues as well as the economy. so why isn't this a more prominent message for democrats? >> honestly, republicans are doing the job for us. dr. oz, they are fighting for who loves him the most. black voters understand the threat that donald trump faces, and they also understand this is still very much donald trump's party, that republicans continue to defend him, no matter what he does. black voters make the connection that is because of trump, and mitch mcconnell's awful, evil

alliance ahead for years, conservative, out of touch justices who made getting rid of ro one of their top priorities. black voters are some of the most astute voters in the country. we have to look at and really interrogate what elected officials are saying to our community and what they want to do about the concerns that we lay out. i think democrats are talking about what they've accomplished with the slimmest of slim majorities, and what more we can accomplish with a bigger majority. we can continue some of the work that was done in the inflation reduction act like lowering drug prices. i think republicans are doing everything they can to show that they are donald trump's bgest acolyte. >> we've talked about before that black voters consistently and overwhelmingly vote for democrats. that has been pretty static over

the past few decades. our black voters motivated to come out and vote this time? >> a lot of signs along the road to this midterm look like the signs we were seeing along the road to the 2010 midterm, with enthusiasm and voters paying attention. over the last couple of months, we've seen that enthusiasm gap shrink. what you see is a much larger swath of african-americans saying they are paying close attention to the election, more so than in 2010. as well as the enthusiasm measured between whites and african-americans shrinking tremendously, it does go to the point about the performance being static, but the turnout has not. >> as we know in georgia and

some other states, there are new voting laws taking effect this cycle that democrats have said amount to voter suppression, targeted specifically at black voters. how do you factor that into democrats chances this cycle? >> if you keep making it harder to vote, eventually you will have less people vote. georgia has been ground zero for that. going back to the last election and the last midterm, we saw that african-americans had more diffulty voting and longer waits than did their white counterparts. you see the same legislature making it harder. also in states like florida where the viral video of the african-american being confronted by the elections police is meant to intimidate. i think it's going to backfire. republicans think they can

intimidate and scare african-americans away from exercising their political power , i think it's going to backfire and i know at least one organization that i work for is going to use that footage of the voting police going after african-americans, to use it to mobilize african-americans. so ultimately i think it will backfire. >> tha you so much for your time. ♪ judy: a new report out today from the u.s. surgeon general is warning that the american workplace needs to change to better support the emotional and physical well-being of employees. the report recommends organizations make mental health benefits easily accessible. among other things, it encourages time off for emotional well-being and calls for better wages for lower paid worker.

it also points to a lower risk of depression for employees who feel valued on the job. let's go deeper on this with u.s. surgeon general vivek murthy who is here with me now. thank you very much for joining us. this is not something we normally think of associated with your office the office of , surgeon general why the focus the attention now. >> well, thanks, judy. this is not a topic our office usually discusses and this is in fact the very first time the office of the surgeon general has put out a framework on workplace mental health and well being but here's why i did it. because it's undeniable that the workplace has a powerful impact on our mental health. and especially after we've come through the pandemic, which has really strained and stressed workers in a profound way. many workers are going through a reckoning where they're asking themselves, what they want out of work and also what they're willing to sacrifice for work. it turns out that when we invest in the mental health and well being of our workers, two things happen.

our workers are better off, but are also the organizations are better off their productivity, their retention, creativity in the workforce all go up so it's a win win to focus on mental health in the workplace. and this is why you know, i'm issuing this report because we need every workplace to know that this is achievable. i've worked with organizations across the country, they're implementing the kind of essentials the five essentials that i lay out in this framework, and they're seeing resus and i want every workace to have that opportunity as well. judy: so you do lay out these five essentials, pick a few of them and talk about how you think they can make a difference. >> mental health in the workplace is grounded in five key essentials. essentials like protecting workers from harm. we know that everybody wants to work in a workplace which physically and psychologically safe. they need to also have time off after work to be able to recover and that that's a key part of ensuring that workers are well, but we also know that there are other essentials in matters like

community and connection in the workplace. this is a often under appreciated one. but it turns out that when we have healthy connections with our colleagues at work, it actually makes us more productive. it makes us more likely totick around on the job, and it makes it makes for better productivity and an overall culture in the workplace. so like these there other essentials that workplaces can consider that will enhance work live harmony that will , contribute to opportunities for growth that will help , workers feel like they matter and that they're valued. and all these are the pillars for mental health in the workplace. judy: and you you do include in all that pay and and benefits that you say will allow workers to get the sort of not just free time but enjoy, enjoy the kinds of things that more of them you you say you argue they should enjoy. >> well, that's right, judy, and it turns out pay is a critical piece of this because adequate pay and in fact a livable wage. they help us feel valued, but

they also help us to support our family to fulfill our responsibilities outside of work. and what this gets to judy is a broader point, which is that workplace mental health and well being should be available to everyone. i issue this framework not just for some businesses, not just for nonprofit organizations, but for all organizations big and small for workers who are, you know, in the fan factories for retail workers and forhose who are behind computers. so this is our opportunity as we make our way through this pandemic, as people are rethinking their relationship with work. this is our chance to remake the workplace into an engine of mental health and well being if we do so. we'll help workers will help organizations and we will all be better off. judy: and is their hard evidence dr. murthy that these kinds of steps can make a difference? >> there is, and that's the reason that we issued this framework. we talk to researchers and academic scholars l across the country. we work with large and small

organizations, with unions with , associations that represent businesses and we looked at the data ourselves. and it's actually very compelling the evidence that investing in mental health and well being helps organizations meet their financial goals and helps them retain talent in the workplace. judy: what is the teeth here? how do you can you make employers do this? what kind of leverage can you as surgeon general, representing the federal government have ultimately on private employers and others? >> well, it's a good question, judy. and i would point out that we in part put this framework out as a response to so many inquiries from nonprofit organizations and businesses that were saying, hey, we see that our workers are struggling in terms of their mental health. what do we do about it? you see, i think a lot of businesses are realizing especially through the course of the pandemic, that the mental health of their workers really matters, that it's tied to their health as a company. what they haven't always known is how to approach mental health and how to make it better. any have asked, is it only about

wages? or is it about something more than that? and so that's why we laid out this framework to help organizations understand the five key areas to focus on if they want to enhance mental health. but we also wanted workers today to know that these essentials are out there. so they have a framework to start conversations in their workplace and also a framework to guide them as they look for new workplaces. judy: it's almost as if the pandemic has shone a light on some of these issues that have been there for a long time, but now we're seeing them more clearly. >> well, i think that's right and that's why right now, 81% of workers are saying that they want to find a workplace that supports mental health. and well being and it's why you know it surgeon general my broader focus is on mental health and well being overall we've come through so much during this pandemic, we have dealt with so much and sacrifice so much. it's taken a toll on our mental health and if so many things that we've got to do to address that. one of the avenues of action are in workplaces. we know that people spend on average half of their waking

hours in work, and that means that the workplace is a key part of their lives. and we also know duty when we have a tough day at work. it impacts how we show up for our family. and you know, that means that enhancing workplace well being is not just good for the workplace. it helps the community and our families as well. judy: dr. vivek murthy, who is the us surgeon general. thank you very much. >> thank you so much, judy. judy: as we reported earlier, government forces in the capital city of chad killed dozens of opposition protesters today who work manning a faster democratic transition. countries also battling rebels and islamist insurgents, and caught in the middle are civilians fleeing config -- conflict inside chad and throughout the region. our special correspondent reports. >> for more than three days,

haoua gawlou moussa walked, swam and floated her way to safet her life forever changed after the islamist group boko haram burned her home in western chad. >> during the night while we were sleeping, at around 3am, they set the village on fire. some people died, some escaped, some people escaped but left their children behind like me. ,>> in the chaos of her departure she lost sight of her kids, and has not seen them since. >> i don't know. they might be dead. they might have died while crossing the river, or maybe on the spot. i don't know. we looked for them in several places, but we could notind them. they must be dead. >> now living in her brother's village, she whisks together what little she hasawater with -- what little she has.

it's hardly a feast, but at least when it comes to her food supply, haoua is one of the lucky ones. in a humanitarian convoy with a military escort we travel several hours northwest towards chad's border with nigeria. thousands of nigerian refugees are housed here, many in tents, having fled boko haram onslaughts on their own homes. >> due to lack of food, whatever you have, you sell it and buy food for your children. >> our camp guide is nasuri saidu, a former fisherman from a landscape of lak, now forced to rely on rations from the world food program. he introduces us to yagana ali abakar, a mother of nine from nigeria, working to establish herself here as a seamstress. it's very much a family business, but it's far from booming. even the sewing machine is rented she owns almost nothing. ,there is one small table and a

single earthenware pot. why does she have so few posssions? >> she came here with nothing she says, and most objects she's , owned since then she's sold for food. boko haram's violence meant she spent five months on the move, pregnant with one child and nursing another. among her last remaining possessions, cooking pots that , she now uses far too rarely. >> the food given to me is not enough to feed myself and my children. i sell some of the basic food i'm given to buy ingredients for soups. i've said i needed to do something to help myself and my children. >> her children are hungry, she told us, and had yet to eat the dawe visited. deep in debt since t last food

distribution, they accompany her as she asks neighbours for support. she has no food today for her kids. are there a lot of people like that? >> many residents help their neighbors. how can any families survive without food for nearl2 months? >> they can't, but there is help between neighbour to neighbour, that's why she says she is going to ask for food within the camp. >> in large parts of rural chad, the government has a limited presence. mostly it's the military you see on the streets. but it's the agencies belonging to the un, like unicef or the world food programme, that keep a lot of the infrastructure, including some of the airstrips here, operational.

the country's military is one of the best armed and financed in the region. after decades of on-off civil conflicts, hundreds of rebels were taken prisoner last year and paraded on state tv. many rebel groups are now in a national dialogue, and that's means the conflict with boko haram has become the military's central mission. fighting inside chad's territory but also in neighbouring nigeria to beat back the group. agassiz baroum directs a chadian think tank focused on the conflict, and says food shortages have helped the islamist group to recruit. >> there is a connection between the insecurity caused by boko haram and food insecurity, because most people that we interviewed at lake chad made us understand tt if they joined boko haram, [00:09:00] it was in -- it was in search of food. >> this is where the conflict

has accelerated food insecurity because of the fact that boko , haram carries out abuses, prevents a local population from going fishing, for example, from going to plow feels. >> back at the camp, nasura shows us his family home, grateful for the small support he receives here. >> and are people here in chad; are they welcoming? are they helping you? >> they are welcome and they're helping us. >> it's seven years since he first arrived here and his children are now hungry too. as funds fall at the world food program in chad - known by its french initials, pam, and food supplies have shrunk, his frustration at his own government has grown. >> i'm angry but not with chadian or even pam or some ngos. no, only nigerian government. they know and they have something to give us or to help us, they did nothing for us. >> in this border region, empty

stomachs leave little room for laughter - among locals and long-time guests alike. for the pbs newshour, i'm willem marx in daressallam camp, in western chad. ♪ judy: for decades, many cities in california have enacted bans against cruising where people drive their custom-made cars on city streets. recently there have been efforts to overturn those. william brangham has more from our arts and culture series, kansas. quakes in san jose california, it's a not for celebration. that's because for the first time in more than 35 years, low

riding is legal again. >> let's be proud, let's be safe, and let's keep it low and slow. william: hours ago, outside city hall, san jose formally ended its ordinance against cruising, where drivers take their low riders, these classic cars that have been stripped down, jacked up, refashioned, and painted every color on the spectrum, and drive them up and down city streets. for robert gutierrez, who first began low riding in the 1970's, repealing this man was a long time coming. we talked with him and two other long-time members of the new yle car club. >> now that hopefully everybody's on the same page and they know we're just out there having fun with our family and friends, we are obeying the law, what is wrong with it? >> it has been a target of

police suspicion since the beginning of low riding. william: john is studying the low rider movement. he says it dates back to the 1940's and grew up alongside the chicano civil rights movement in the 1960's and 1970's. >> having the cars and the people who built and drive the cars present is quite a cultural statement. it is a visual reminder and visual cue about our pride as chicanos. >> it was popularized in the famous song low rider by the group war. this 1975 hit went to number one on billboard r&b charts. itas also made famous in movies like 1979's boulevard nights. but as its popularity grew,

spreading everywhere from brazil to japan, low riders in the u.s. have often clashed with law enforcement, which argued the carsre often illegally modified, block traffic, an drivers were linked to gang activity. >> if you customize a car and shave your mirrors, that is a vehicle code violation. are all low riders up for sainthood? no, do some of them have passed and affiliation? yes, but i would say for the most part, low riders are hard-working people. >> flavio is with the commission. >> they threw a net over the whole entire brown, black, latin

community. what they said was everybody in these beautiful campuses on ur wheels are gang members. >> canvases on four wheels, that's what they wish more people would see. ricardo is a low rider and artist who teaches young kids about this movement. >> for me, just like art, it needs to be seen, it needs to be witnessed and experienced in order to understand it. >> if building low riders is an art form, his driveway is an open air gallery. this green chevy impa or this 1952 chevy pickup he is rebuilding with his son, and especially this, his own car, the chevy 1952 hatchback.

>> i just say how far can i take this? how far can i go, how many lines can i push? i just feel like that's the artist way. you want to set your part -- set yourself apart from everyone else. >> he says when he binds an old car, before he does anything to it, he goes through a somewhat unusual practice. >> when i'm building a car, i sit down and listen to the car. i just sit in front of the car and i'm watching it, i just hang out with it. >> he followed the same process with his wife's car, but what h heard her car saying was a bit different from what he wanted. >> when i saw this vehicle and

we started talking about actually working on it, i did say i wanted it in gunmetal gray, but i said whatever you do, no pink and no rainbow glitter. >> i think it looks good. >> and the marriage is still intact? >> yes, it is. >> low riders are back together, celebrating their craft and their community. from the front seat of a hopping 1979 lincoln continental mark five, i'm william brangham, san jose, california. judy: william is having entirely too much fun. we can hear those car speaking to us right now. online right now, we have a musical reminder of the voter registration deadlines in every state.

you can find that on our tiktok page. and that is theewshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again her tomorrow evening. for all of us at pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe, and we will see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> 425 years, consumer cellular has been offering no contract plans designed to help people do more of what they like. our service team can help find one that fits you. visit consumer cellular. >> the ford foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour.

and with the ongoing support of these institutions. and friends of the newshour. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] ♪ >> you

. hello, everyone. welcome to "amanpour and company." here is what is coming up. >> as midterm voting gets underway we look at the visions. >> first bill i willend to the congress is codify roe v. wade. >> as president biden put as woman's right to choose front and center, sheldon white house joins me with his new book "the scheme "on how the right wing captured the supreme court. then, prisoners of the ca castle. ben mcintyre joins me. also