judy: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on "the newshour" tonight, widespread attacks. pressure conducts strikes across ukraine, and an explosion is reported in a polish border town, raising fears among nato members and a host of questions. then, fighting for the gavel. various factions of the gop wrangle for influence as republicans prepare to take control of the house of representatives. and making history. democrat wes moore discusses this election win, settingim up to be the first black governor of maryland and flipping a republican seat in the process.

all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for "the pbs newshour" has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular has been offering no contract plans designed to help people do what they like. our customer service team can help find a plan that it's you. to learn more, visit consumercellular.tv. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of "the newshour," including kathy and paul anderson. >> the rules of business are being reinvented with a more flexible workforce, by embracing innovation, by looking not only at current opportunities but i had to future ones. >> people who know no bdo. >> the s. and james l. knight

foundation, fostering an informed and engaged communities. more at f.org -- more at kf.org. ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. judy: a deadly blast in poland is sending shock across nato tonight. the u.s. and western allies say their investigating reports of

an explosion in nato member poland, which killed two people. local media reported an explosion at a grain facility in an eastern village a few miles north of the border with ukraine. u.s. officials say they cannot confirm any details. moscow denies striking targets in or near poland. president biden is in indonesia tonight and spoke by phone to the president of poland a short time ago and offered full support for assistance with poland's investigatioand reaffirmed the u.s. commitment to nato. meantime, across ukraine, russia unleashed destructionith missiles targeting infrastructure throughout the country. 80% of the power was knocked out in the western city of lviv, and rolling blackouts were ordered by ukraine energy authorities. president volodymyr zelenskyy spoke about all this in his nightly address to his people and specifically about the blast in poland. >> what we warned about for a

long time happened. terror is not limited to our national borders. action is required for a significant escalation. terror will not break free people. judy: officials are exploring the possibility that the explosion was caused by a ukrainian air defense missile, but ukrainians deny that. late today, poland invoked article four of the nato treaty, asking for a meeting of the alliance to discuss a possible attack on a member state. for more on this, we turn to the obama administration's u.s. ambassador to nato. he is now president of the chicago council of international affairs. welcome back. what do you make of everything you have heard so far tonight? >> in work, you live in a fog

and we need t find all the information we possibly can. the latest report is that the russian minister has said it was indeed an missile. there were early reports it might have been an air defense missile that ukrainians were shooting. they were defending their territory. there were almost 100 missiles the russians shot at civilian locations, so we need some sense of if this was a deliberate attack against a nato territory or if it was a stray missile, but it also shows we are in a very dangerous situation. poland invoked article four, which is an article that says we need to consolidate if one of the members perceives a threat to their community. it's exactly the right thing to do. tomorrow in brussels, they will start talking about are the facts, what do we know, and then , how will we respond? judy: we are hearing that pulling -- polish officials are also calling in russia's

ambassadors to speak with russian leaders, so -- to speak with polish leaders. the possibilities at this point are several, that it could have been the russians, that it could have been either a mistake or a deliberate move by the russians, or it could have been the ukrainians, but the ukrainians deny that. >> it would not have been ukrainians shooting at poland. that makes no sense, but there are targets in western ukrne, including the city of lviv, which was bombed by rockets throughout the day, and at the me that this event occurred, we learned russians were shooting missiles in this area. a ukrainian air defense missile intercepting the russian missile could have been misfired or possibly intercepted the russian missile and fragments falling on

the territory of poland, so that is a possibility. what we really have to find out is -- was this deliberate or not? if it was deliberate, that is an armed attack on a nato country that would lead to serious consequences. i doubt it is a deliberate attack, but that's exactly the kind of thing we need to find out. judy: if it were deliberate, what with those serious consequences be? what with the west do? are we talking about a military response? >> if it was deliberate, it would be an armed attack on a nato ally, and nato allies would have to agree if they should invoke article five, which says an armed attack against one is an armed attack against all. the response could be political, economic, military, or a combination on all three. i think what you will see is more defense to ukraine,

particularly air defense capabilities that the ukrainians have been long calling for, and a beefing up of the defense of poland and of the border. perhaps a deployment of anti-rocket and anti-air defense systems in poland like the patriots we have long deployed in this part of the world, and i will assume we will see more sanctions, more specific sanctions on people responsible for ordering this attack, if it was an attack deliberately targeting poland or not, and that kind of thing. a direct military response i think at this point is unlikely. it is possible we might target the very unit from which this missile was coming from. i imagine in a day or two, we will be able to find out where that is, if it was shot from an airplane or a ground launch system, but there is also an

interest, of course, by nato not to escalate this further. we are not interested in starting world war iii, even if putin is conducting a war bringing us to the brink. judy: are you saying you do believe it will be possible to determine if this were an accident by the russians? an missile that went off course or if it was deliberate? how confident are you that that termination can be made? >> i think we will find ways both from our intelligence services and in looking at the trajectories of the attacks that were taking place to determine ifhis was deliberately targeted on polish territory or more likely was a stray missile. we also have to remember what the target was. it was a grain silo in a very small village right at the border, seems to be an unlikely military target for a deliberate attack. on the other hand, if putin is trying to test western resolve,

he might be doing exactly that, hitting a target that is not necessarily strategic or militarily significant in order to see how the west would respond. that's what we need to do tomorrow when nato gets together and has this discussion. i think the important thing is that nato needs to remain united, stand in solidarity the way president biden has already done in his conversation with the entire alliance to make clear to vladimir putin, you're not going to break this alliance and you are not going to stop us from helping ukraine to defend itself. judy: thank you. >> my pleasure. vanessa: i'm vanessa ruiz with "newshour west." we will return to the full program after the latest headlines.

president biden convened an emergency meeting of g7 and nato leaders in indonesia to discuss missile attacks in poland, a nato ally. biden said early information shows it is unlikely the missile -- the incident was caused by an missil fired from russia. he said the leaders agreed to support an investigation to determine what happened, and a clarification -- we should have said poland is considering invoking nato article four. one wee after election day, republicans are on the verge of retaking control of the u.s. house of representatives with a slim majority. republican leader kevin mccarthy cleared first hurdle to becoming house speaker, winning his party's nomination. the full house will vote in january, and on the senate side, "the pbs newshour" can confirm florida republican rick scott will challen mitch mcconnell for the senate republican leader post.

police say the 4 university of idaho students found dead sunday were targeted and killed with a knife or similar edged weapon. authorities said it was an isolated incident andhere is no enemy threat to the community. the search for a suspect is ongoing. investigators have yet to find the weapon. meanwhile, in charlottesville, virginia, the arraignment for a man accused of killing three university of virginia football players has been postponed until tomorrow morning. today, the teens' head coach remembered his players. >> there's no chapter on a situation like this. i'm just trying to figure out step to step how to be strong for these young men. i think it is important that we all agree that these are outstanding young men that we do

not understand why they are gone so early. vanessa: the man accused of violently attacking u.s. house speaker nancy pelosi's husband paul last month pleaded not ilty today to federal charges. he was charged with trying to kidnap a federal official and assaulting a family member. he also faces separate state charges. fbi director christopher wray sounded a warning today that the chinese-owned video sharing app tiktok poses serious national security risks. he testified before the house homeland security committee and said that he is extremely concerned about the popular app's operations in the u.s. >> the chinese government could use it to control data collection on millions of users or control the recommendation algorithm, which could be used for influence operations if they so chose, or to control software on millions of devices. vanessa: at the same hearing, the homeland security secretary

also reaffirmed his claim that the u.s. southern border is secure, despite a record number of crossings. one of egypt's most prominent political prisoners has ended his seven-month-long hunger strike. he has been jailed for most of the last decade. this month, he cut out food and water entirely to coincide with egt's hosting of the cop 27 global climate summit. a judge has overturned the state of georgia's ban on abortion, a band that effectively started around six weeks into a pregnancy. the ruling said it violated the u.s. constitution and u.s. supreme court precedent when it went into eect in july. the state's attorney general's office says it does plan to appeal. walmart has agreed to pay more than $3 billion to settle opioid lawsuits nationwide for the company's role in fueling the crisis, but 43 states still need

to approve the deal for it to take effect. walgreens and cvs health announced similar settlements earlier this month. still to come, republicans grapple with former president trump's role in the party. also the collapse of one of cryptocurrency's biggest exchanges raises questions about the market's viability, and a minnesota monastery invests in a reform of craftsmanship by expanding its handcrafted organ and much more. >> this is "the pbs newshour," from weta studios in washington and in the west at walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. judy: with all but a handful of races decided, next year's congress will be one of the most even in the nation's history, comp locating even basic

functions, but as our congressional correspondent explains, those leaders will need to convince their colleagues to put them in charge. >> on the capitol steps, the election is taking human shape. with smiles from the newly elected house members here for orientation, but for current house republicans, strain, today voting on leaders while waiting to learn if and by how much they will control the house chamber. a large group of races remain uncalled, mostly in california. that puts leader kevin mccarthy on thin ice in his quest to become speaker. the party's reckoning with disappointing results from this year's midterms, a far cry from the promised red wave. a large majority of republicans voted to back mccarthy s speaker against opposition from andy biggs, but that is short of the number of votes anyone needs to

be speaker. speaker pelosi's leadership fate currently is up to her at the next generation of house democratic leaders awaits her decision, today they spoke of bipartisanship. >> the american people clearly want us to work tother. they want us to solve problems, and that's the moment we are in now. we have a chance to make continued progress if republicans are willing to work together. >> few are happier than senate democrats who will keep their majority for two more years. senator elect john fetterman suited up and stood with chuck schumer. schumer took aim at former president trump's hold on the gop. >> after the failures, republican failures in elections in 2018, and now 2022, i hope the message is sinking in -- if

republicans continue to embrace maga radicalism, they will continue to keep losing. >> it is is a salient issue for republicans in the senate, who emerged from a tense luncheon with this to say about the election. >> we underperformed on independents and moderates because their impression of many other people in our party and leadership roles is chaos, negativity, excessive attacks, and it frightened independent and moderate republican voters. >> the party is swimming in questions. as republicans contend with their own direction, all of washington waits on final

numbers from the next congress. judy: lisa is here to dive into how the final power dynamic will play into what does or does not get done in the coming year. you have been literally running back and forth from house to senate. where does everything stand in the house? >> we still do not have that majority 218 for house republicans yet. we have 200 six democratic seats, 217 republican seats, one seat short of majority. looking at the races that are remaining, i have five that republicans are winning. today was such a day of reflection and consternation, finger-pointing among republicans on both sides of the capital, and kevin mccarthy did

come out from his leadership election and he does claim that he will get the 218 votes he needs by january, but republican matt gaetz of florida came out and said no, he is not going to get those votes. it is a sort of classic who is going to come out on top. mccarthy said he is negotiating over the rules. he ran over to the senate side where you had leader mitch mcconnell now facing a leadership challenge as well from senator rick scott of florida. is there a serious possibility of losing the leadership role? no, i don't think the votes are there for mitch mcconnell to be ousted, but is an indication of divisions in the republican party. judy: we have an announcement apparently coming tonight from former president trump that he is going to run for election again in 2024. what are they saying?

you talk to a lot of republicans. >> this is all woven into the narrative about the election, how much they blame former president trump and how much they want to bet on him again in the future. i was astounded today, asking republicans about a former president of tir party should he run for reelection, almost no one would say yes. most of them were saying something like it is early, t's see, that kind of thing, and you heard from senate leader mcconnell, when he talks about that chaos, the negativity, he's pointing at former president trump. right now, it is a big silence with a side of which way is the air blowing for republicans. judy: so interesting. democrats are still in control in both houses the next few weeks. what ion their agenda?

>> they do hope to legislate. there areome things we need to watch. first of all, funding government. that deadline is coming up in december, but president biden would also like more funding for ukraine and for covid and also on that list, it is very important to look at same-sex marriage. this will be talked about probably in the next day and other agenda items coming up related to january 6. there is still a lot to talk about, not just politics but policy. judy: busy few weeks. thank you. meantime, questions over republican leadership extend far beyond congress as much of the debate focuses on the influence, as we have been discovering, that former president trump holds in the party. >> last week's midterms brought mixed results for the former

president and his endorsements. nearly all of trump's hand-picked candidates for governor and senate were defeated, including candidates who centered their campaigns on trump's 2020 election lies, but even as votes for the selection are still to be counted, trump is apparently looking ahead to another run for the white house and is expected to announce his 2024 presidential bid in a primetime speech tonight. here to assess the state of the republican party and trump's role in it, i'm joined by a republican strategist based in phoenix, and the editor of "modern age: a conservative review." thank you for joining us. last night, the race for governor in arizona was called. democrat katie hobbs defeated kari lake for governor, following a number of other republicans who lost statewide, like blake masters and mark fincham. what is your take away from the results in arizona and nationally?

>> absolutely the take away is arizona is a conservative state but just not a trump state. arizona still bleeds red, but trump has annoyed, disenfranchised, really turned off voters who are right-leaning , independent, moderate republicans, and the john mccain republicans who absolutely refused to vote for kari lake and blake masters and mark fincham. >> prior to the election, you wrote in a "new york times" op-ed that the republican party's embrace of apparently high risk candidates is a sign of confidence, not weakness. do party voters feel strong enough about the populist pro-trump positioning that they have supported this candidates over more experience and less controversial figures. given the results of the midterms today, do you still stand by that assessment? >> i do, but my timeline was off.

i think the populist right made some important gains in midterms, with j.d. vance, and the candidates who even fell short did well in an election ascent mostly incumbents back into office. blake masters, a 36 year old, got within five points or so of knocking off an incumbent senator, so i actually think the momentum is still on the populist right at the moment and that donald trump as well as a candidate like ron desantis, the governor of florida, can claim a victory here. >> trump is, as we said, reportedly expected to announce his bid for at least two's a run for the presidency tonight. at the same time, the former president has continued to lie about 2020 election results and this year's election results, calling it rigged against candidates he supported. he also could face potentially criminal charges for his efforts to overturn the 2020 election. is he what is best for not just the republican party but also the country?

>> donald trump's success as president, the fact that he was able to preside over a very good economy until the covid pandemic hit, all things could hit on donald trump as someone who should actually return to office. as for his belief that he won the 2020 election, he also believed he won the popular vote in 2016, so he has different views of the election than everyone else. i think if he got reelected, he would also be very good, and i think republicans right now need to have the kind of energy donald trump brought to them. they need to focus on the issues donald trump highlighted, such as immigration, foreign policy, and trade policy that will be good for the working class in this country. donald trump is i think still the best champion for those issues. >> to be clear, do you think the continued spread of election lies by the former president is ultimately harmful to the country's democratic system?

>> no, i think the country's democratic system is very robust. you have candidates on both sides of both parties who like to complain when they lose. we have had democrats challenge electoral counts in congress and we have had candidates like stacey abrams in georgia who have been democrats who lost elections who nonetheless claimed they had the election stolen from them, so i think donald trump is par for the course in american politics whenever you have a closely divided country and close elections. >> one big difference is that the president's lies ultimately resulted in a violent insurrection at the capitol on january 6. do you have anything to add before we move on the accra >> one of the things daniel talked about, some of the enthusiasm donald trump rings, but ron desantis brings that same enthusiasm sounds -- sans the baggage, so he is a viable and exciting alternative to the trump brand. >> as you just noted, florida

governor ron desantis is looming large over tonight's nouncement, and a number of republican lawmakers have already said they would prefer he be the nominee potentially come 2024. do you see a difference, though, other than what you just mentioned on baggage, in policy and politics? >> i don't believe there is much difference between their policies. it is really about personality. donald trump has really gone zero for three in arizona. he won arizona but with less than 50% of the vote in 2016. he lost arizona. kari lake has lost arizona. at no time did donald trump hour his hand-picked gubernatorial candidate get over 50% here in arizona, but i will tell you -- ron desantis will probably get an outright victory by at least 10 points in arizona if the election were today. he excites people without the baggage. >> that would be a lot in

arizona. what do you make of ron desantis' potential support among the base republicans nationally? >> he clearly has a lot of support among intellectuals, among people who have an insider understanding of politics. what remains to be tested is how popular he is outside of florida among grassroots voters. we know donald trump is someone who packs in rallies, that he has an enormous amount of personal charisma, an enormous amount of voters who feel closely tied to him, but ron desantis, i think, starts from a strong position, but if he and trump go head-toead, i think there is a certain -- there is a chance for a certain amount of fratricide. the two candidates do have a lot of similarities in terms of issues, and that will be a stressful circumstance for voters who may like both candidates. >> i wanted to get your sponse to this clip from senator pat toomey. as you know, he is a retiring

senator from pennsylvania, and his seat just flipped blue. here's what he had to say. >> candidates that were seen as ultra all about the previous president and relitigating the last election, they went down in flames, even in many caseshere conventional republicans, including conservative republicans, were winningig. >> what is your response, and do you thinkhe republican base is still with the former president? >> yeah, i think the rublican base is still very much with donald trump. as far as senator toomey's remarks are concerned, it seems this is an election where you have incumbents of all ideological strikes, including very populist ones, including conventional republicans, as wells democrats who all won reelection. it was a tough year for challengers, and the fact that some trump-like challengers like j.d. vance in ohio succeeded and the fact that others did very

well for candidates who have no experience and are first-time contenders for office, i think all that shows quite a bit of momentum. >> you mentioned that arizona is not a trump state even though it is a conservative state. where does the republican party in arizona go from here? >> that is going to be the question that will soon be decided when the party selects a new chairperson. kelli ward has been an absolute disaster for the arizona republican party. it is time to move beyond her and bring back winning style in arizona, and that is just not trump's style. it is a conservative but reasonable mix here in arizona where republicans get over the finish line. >> thank you so much for joining "the newshour." ♪

judy: one highlight for democrats this year was flipping three governors mansions from red to blue. joining me now is one of those winners, wes moore, governor-elect of maryland. thank you for joining us. your predecessor, governor larry hogan, has already given you a tour of the state capital. tell us, what shade is he leaving the state of maryland in for you? >> i'm thankful that the governor has been great about he an orderly and a smooth transition and also the governor was very clear from early days about what he thought was going to be the danger of this maga movement, this idea that

election denying was going to be a political path forward, but i think the thing we saw within this whole election, and i think when you look at the results of the election, this has been the largest margin in an maryland governor's race of victory in 40 years, and i think we were able to win democrats, we were able to win independents, and we were able to win a large chunk of republicans because the state is just ready to go fast. the state is ready to be bold, and the state is ready to have a government and a governor's office that understands that the priority is the idea. you: you have talked about the things you want to get done including an even greater expansion up free prekindergarten on top of compensating high school graduates for how and if they take part in a service year. can you get all that done?

>> as a leader, i am data-driven. i ke to get into the weeds and the detail of this stuff and the reason we are going to get prepay for every child in need in the state of maryland is not just because it sounds good. it is because that is where the data leads us. 80% of brain development happens in a child by the time that child is five years old, so we have to start early. the reason i say we are going to have a service year option for every single high school graduate, they have an option for doing a year of service on the environment, in education, in the service, it is because this is how the data shows is a way to address the college affordability crisis, and because service is sticky. i have people i served with in afghanistan who are coming and doorknocking with me. many were not even marylanders, many were not even democrats, but they were knocking on doors, let me tell you about a guy i

served with. judy: you have also talked about what you call a baby bonds program that would act like a trust fund of newborns from poor families. >> there is no reason for a state as affluent and wealthy as us to still be dealing with the challenge of child poverty, especially in a case where the destinies of our children is being determined before they even have a say, but we have to make sure it is not just about the ideas, that we actually have policies that are giving people an opportunity to go from one place to anotr, to be a state where we can go. judy: you have also talked about a number of other things including a formal housing. my question is -- how do you pay for this? isn't it likely you would have to raise taxes to pay for everything? >> it is not. i went into this campaign with a core understanding of i have

been a public servant for much of my life. i have run a successful small business. we know how to leverage capital, and you look at this in the state of maryland, we are a state that has billions of dollars earmarked for the federal government and specifically targeted toward these types of issues -- infrastructure, education. we have new forms of capital coming on board, everything from candidates to sports betting, so we have new utilizations of capital. in addition to leveraging private capital. judy: we mentioned you will be the state's first black governor. we know you will make history as the nation's fourth ever black governor. we know of -- a number of other black candidates in statewide office did not make it this year who were running for senate hour governor.

stacey abrams, sherry breezily -- cheri beasley, val demings, mandela barnes -- is the nation doing enough for black candidates right now? >> am grateful because this is a state that is the state of frederick douglass and harriet tubman and thurgood marshall, but it is also a state that understands that progress is not inevitable, but progress is possible, and when i think about what happened last tuesday, i'm grateful, not only did we win, it is how we win. if you look at every single demographic, the fact that we won areas of maryland that were urban, rural, and suburban, i think it was because at this time and in this moment, this state was ready. judy: and in terms of the other candidates i mention who did not make it this year, does that say something about where we are as

a country right now? >> we know that the history of this country, it has been a journey but an uneven journey. you don't have to look any further than the state of maryland to understand the complications of a racial history. what i do know, though, is as a state and what we saw here in the state of maryland was that we had to be unafraid to approach it. we had to be unafraid to talk about it, but we also had to be unafraid to know that if we are going to move forward as a collective in the future, we could not he constrained by the past. we had to invest in making sure people have the right to vote but also making sure we were giving people something to vote for, and as a party, it means we have to be able to, you know, support candidates who might come from different and diverse backgrounds. judy: you have said you will support president biden if he runs for reelection, but if he does not, your name is already

out there as one of the names being mentioned. would you think about it? >> i would not. i am excited to support the president and his reelection. the importance of having a strong partnership between maryland and washington, d.c., is going to be crucial. this is going to be maryland's time to lead. this will be maryland's time to compete. to do that, we will need strong partners from washington and i'm excited to have six more years of the biden administration to be able to do this. judy: congratulations again. thank you. >> thank you, judy. ♪ judy: the fallout keeps growing from the cryptocurrency industry after an unexpected bankruptcy. it involved one of the largest and most well-known exchanges for buying and selling yptocurrencies such as bitcoin.

there are now major questions about how this happened and what it may signal about the larger world of crypto finance. >> that crypto exchange, ftx, was founded by sam franklin-fried in 2018 and have more than a million users -- by sam bankman-fried in 2018. investors pulled out in what amounted to a bank run. now, ftx's downfall has renewed concerns about the safety and credibility of many cryptocurrencies. the host of the podcast "full disclosure" follows this and joins me now. thank you for joining us. this is complicated stuff. if you have a crypto exchange and it goes from being a cryptocurrency empire one week to bankruptcy the next, how does that happen? what happened here? >> it should have been simple

stuff. if you have an exchange, it is capturing the spread between the bid and ask, and it is a market maker and -- market maker and posit for a for people to put their crypto assets in, but when the market got wind of the fact that other things were in play, mainly that it was siphoning, funneling money to a related hedgfund, alameda capitol, alameda research, and that its underlying currency, its own token was being sold left and right, that just left the doors open for investors to demand their money back and that was, as you called it, a run on the bank. it is so difficult to explain this in normal terms because it is, by its nature, decentralized. there is not a central bank out there. there is not a federal reserve stress test for the treasury department -- or the treasury department breathing down their

neck. it seems like every day, another new revelation drops about what's going on on behind the scenes. >> the damage here is not just ftx. what does the collapse of this exchange mean for the broader cryptocurrency market now? >> it is a bad look for all of crypto. people who face margin calls, there are people who had tokens who had to sell them who thought it was a diversification scheme. we were told crypto was supposed to prevent something like this, that blockchain does not require regulators out there with their microscopes, with their magnifying glasses looking at this stuff because it is self restricted, and it is impossible to lie. in truth, behind the scenes, it is still open to have messy financial controls for people to funnel money to a closely related bank. imagine if bank of america was behind the scenes funneling

money to merrill lynch customer deposits. that was, i think, the most egregious thing, and when customers caught wind, they started demanding their money back, and it was a run on the bank. they did not have the capital requirements. it has just been a catastrophe, and it has rippled to all manner of crypto assets. >> is there any institutional exposure? if you are an individual who never bought or sold cryptocurrency, could you be affected? >> i think that is what is keeping certain regulators up at night. once this jumps the pond from the crypto westworld into regulator banks, the too big to fail banks, j.p. morgan, citi, some smaller bank in paris suddenly went off the reservation, but i will say these banks have been susceptible to stress test since the crisis, since they did go off the reservation, if you will, and regulators, at least

in the united states, demanded they keep cash on their balance sheets. it is not as fungible as saying i have a ton of these tokens. investigators have really looked askance at that. they say you have to have a firm balance sheet, and crypto is something you can dabble in. it cannot be a bedrock asset on your balance sheet. >> you mentioned crypto is decentralized, unregulated by design, by nature, so what does all this mean for future regulation? >> does the fed want to intervene at this point? did you guys want this? you wanted to be decentralized. he wanted to be exotic. bitcoin went from a couple pennies to $60,000, fell back to $15,000. it was what excited people. you saw those breathless super bowl ads. if it is a security, argue open

to the transparency demands and disclosure demands being accountable to the sec, federal reserve stress tests? to live it harsh as the mellow of crypto, if you will, for a lot of investors. >> we know the sec and justice department are looking into this. what questions we still have about what we wrong and what could have prevented it? >> how could you just take customer assets and use them to fund risky bets in a related hedge fund? how could there not be internal controls about that? i think when crypto is constantly going up, you don't worry about these things, but something as breezy as a skeptical -- or something as basic as a skeptical report from a rival outlet caused a run, it shows you the danger of this and you have to look at the other currencies, the other exchanges, other institutions that say we

are good for the money when the money is actually a token that is built on faith and credit of what? where's the cash? you have to ultimately be backstopped by hard capital. >> thank you so much. >> my pleasure. thank you. ♪ judy: pipe organs have a storied history throughout western civilization, but the king of instruments has seen a steady decline in recent decades. here's a report from collegeville, minnesota, that is part of our arts and culture series. ♪ >> the bells herald a new day at st. john's, the benedictine

monastic college community. on this september day, the attention was on sounds coming from inside the abbey church. >> it is really, really stunning . ♪ >> this world-renowned organist was rehearsing for the inaugural concert of an instrument that has been newly expanded to flood this striking, nontraditional sanctuary. >> it is kind of a surprise for people who perhaps never heard their recital and wonder where all that sound and color was coming from because you cannot see it, but most of what you can

hear is behind this red square. i've never quite seen anything like it. >> i got a chance to peek behind the screen. >> all this older stuff below the second floor up there is the original organ. it works beautifully for what it was built to do. it just was not quite powerful enough for this room. >> a st. john's graduate and organ builder himself, he has maintained this one for 45 years. >> what we ended up doing was preserving the old instrument, and the new organ kind of pops it off and gives it the extra power that it needed. >> many instruments used mechanical pumps to send error through the pipes, but this one uses electronic signals to tune it. he uses a phone app. >> on thcontrol side of

things, we are meeting up with the current set of technology. on the sound side, we are back centuries. >> its industrial scale revolution came long before the industrial revolution. >> in its earliest incarnations, it made more noise than putting much anything before gunpowder. >> a leading historian on the pipe organ hosts a weekly public radio program "pipe dreams." >> certainly to someone who lives on the countryside, a farmer coming in to the gothic cathedral and hearing the organ sound, nothing has been comparable in their life. it is just astonishing. >> it is godly. >> indeed. it has been thought to represent the voice of god. >> the heftier the sound, the louder the voice of god.

>> a good way to look at the organ might be like it is a small little city of 6000 people . it's got 6000 pipes, and half of them were kind of homesteaders here when the church was built, and the other came in in the last couple years. >> thousands of pipes, every single one handcrafted by a team led by martin. he's good for three decades out of a converted two-room school room. e larger pipes are milled from hardwoods, some astellas 32 feet and weighing up to 850 pounds. up the trouble scale with tin and lead pipes, rolled, soldered, and tapered by hand. >> now i have it ready to go.

>> he relies on electronics to confirm what his ear is telling him, that the pipe is sounding the right note. a typical organ like the one at st. john's takes up to two years to build, ship, andeassemble in its permanent home, and exacting, increasingly rare craft. only a few builders remain in business in america, most of them olderlike martin, who trained in his native austria before immigrating to the u.s. tickets ago. was while he was installing the organ he says he had plenty of time for reflection, worrying in particular as age 70 approached, about who would succeed him, and it is here that the idea first came up -- why not move the whole operation to st. john's abbey? he is pinning his hopes on a campus with hundreds of students with a long tradition of woodworking. most of the furniture at st. john's is craft here from the

abbey's own sustainable forests. >> students can come when the profession from the ground up. we find someone who has not only the skill with their hands, but the attitude. >> the passion for the instrument? >> the passion for the work. >> some time, marcus will new -- move into a new woodworking shop . nick says it is a silken glove fit. >> i think organ building and our commitment to music and kind of communal singing, communal musicmaking is an embrace of what they monastic tradition has offered for many centuries and hopefully is what sustains us going into the future.

>> ladies and gentlemen, would you please welcome tonight's featured artist? ♪ >> the concert was one kickoff event into the future. >> in and not to the benedictine tradition of gregorian chants, he accompanied a trio of monks. throughout the evening, he brought out the impressive range and capability of the new organ. in a building that defied church mission on an instrument that is arousing and embracing it. ♪ for "the pbs newshour" in

collegeville and desoto. judy: you have to be in awe of what they are doing. fred is a partner of the under told stories project. >> late this evening, donald trump declared he is running for president in 2024. he announced his bid to retake the white house to a crowd at his mar-a-lago residence in florida. >> in order to make america great and glorious again, i am tonight announcing my candidacy for president of the united states. eatest movement in historyr over because it is not about politics. it is about our love for this great country, america, and we are not going to let it fail.

>> trump is the first candidate to throw his name into the 2024 presidential contest, a that is "the newshour" for tonight. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at "pbs newshour," thank you. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> architect. gatekeeper. mentor. your raymondjames financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live your life, life well planned. ♪ >> carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security, at carnegie.org. the target foundation -- committed to advancing racial equity and creating the ange

required to shift systems and accelerate global economic opportunity. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs ioatn fm ro>> this is "the pbs " from weta studios in washington and in the west from walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state diversity. -- arizona state university. ♪

♪ pati, voice-over: in searching for hidden gems in new cities, i sometimes let my nose be my guide. today, i'm in the city of linares, nuevo león, where i'm following the smoky aroma of texas-style barbeque to the grill of luis rivas. he's preparing his award-winning mex-tex. pati: so, to eat these tacos, you first have to find the taco. man: yeah. pati, voice-over: afterwards, i'm invited to his family's orange farm for a massive carne asada with his family and grilling friends, who show me how it done in the north. pati: i've never seen this! tortillas right on the coal! pati, voice-over: then, e sweet smell of dulce de leche has led me to the original makers of one of mexico's most beloved candies--glorias. the pope has tried the glories! ♪