tonight. the financial and health costs of looming covid vaccine price hikes. then, we look at new artificial intelligence that can write papers and essays,and concerns about students using the technology to cheat. >> inside our noses, there is a whole war going on. ♪ >> major funding for pbs news

weekend has been provided by. >> consumer cellular skull has been to provide wireless service. we offer a variety of no contract lands. to learn more, visit consumer cellular.tv. >> and, with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and, friends of the newshour. this program was made possible by the port -- corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions from viewers like you. thank you.

john: more classified documents have turned up at resident bidens willingham, delaware home. five more were found. the discovery of the material which dates back to his days as vice president came on thursday. separate special counsel's are investigating mr. biden and former president trump to see whether they broke any laws. in california, another weekend of storms that could bring six to eight more inches of rainin parts of the state. nearly three weeks of catastrophic downpours have saturated the ground across much of the state, washing out roads and triggering mudslides. at least 19 deaths have been blamed and thousands of people are under evacuation orders. >> it was intense, the water was

pouring down the streets. john: the same system will dump more heavy snow in higher elevations which will help raise critical reservoir levels. a barrage of russian missiles targeted multiple ukinian cities today, the first time in nearly two weeks there's been an attack of that scale. in a southeastern city, russian strikes leveled part of an apartment building, burying many people under rubble, and killing at least nine. early this morning, kyiv was also targeted by strikes. this comes as the british today pledged state-of-the-art battle tank ukraine - something the war-torn nation has sought for months. these will be the first modern western tanks sent to ukraine. next week the united states will lead a meeting of all nations that supply weapons to ukraine, where more tank announcements are expected. bobby knievel, the daredevil

motorcyclist and some of people knievel has died. his family says the cause was pancreatic cancer. he made hundreds of jumps in his career, including a portion of the grand canyon the 1990's, stunts that defied death and set records. he was 60 years old. still to come. the connection between the cold and catching a cold, the flu and covid. the videogame helping rescue cats. >> this is pbs news weekend from washgton. home of the pbs newshour. john: ever since covid vaccines became available, the federal government has been buying them from manufacturers and distributing them for free, but that was never intended to be permanent and soon they will be

stributed by manufacturers and prices they sent. the government was paying $26 per dose for moderna boosters, but moderna and pfizer are saying they are considering $110 to $130 a dose on the open market. why the jump? what is the future? jennifer cates is the senior vice president and director of mobile health. let's be clear, the $110, what do those numbers represent? >> we think it is what the manufacturers say they might charge when vaccines are in the commercial markets. they could end up charging more, but this is what they are projecting. that would be four or five times what the federal government paid.

there is good news and bad news. the good news is for most people with public or private insurance, we will not be paying. it's the buyers, the insurers and purchasers were going to be paying that and it's possible there will be a trickle-down effect on amy adams and will increase costs for the health care systems. most individuals with insurance ll be ok. john: why the increase? >> if we thi back to 2020 when covid was emerging, there were no vaccines and the government made a bet that if it purchased vaccines in advance, candidates that were not authorized and helped fund research that one would be gd enough. we had more than one and the government continu to buy in bulk.

the federal government was saying to the manufacturers, we are taking care of your wrist. we are buying these so you don't have that risk of losing money. now that we are going into commercialized environment, it is the market and manufacturers are trying to assess who will want the vaccine, what is it going to be worth? will there be demand? they're going to try and make some profit. john: it's a shift from a guaranteed market to supply and demand. >> exactly. the government bought vaccine it is shifting to the commercial market which was always anticipated. the challenge is, can it be as smooth as possible? we know there will be people left out. the biggest issue is the uninsureand underinsured. the uninsured is the group with no guaranteed access to vaccines.

if we are faced with another wave or it's recommended everyone get a booster, there is no guarantee that will be available to them. at $130 a does, it's unlikely people will be able to do that. that's their concern. john: is there any way the government can create a safety ne >> the administration came out with a proposal in the budget request. they said the uninsured do not get guaranteed access to any vaccine, whether it is flu or covid and we want to change that. let's create a program. congress did not bite on that. there is no program. the question is, will congress appropriate additional funds so that can happen, at least for covid, that hasn't happened yet. other john: -- are there public

health implications from this? >> what we know is a, vaccines work really well from people getting sick and dyg if they get covid. they don't want uninsured people to get sicker just because they can't afford this. even though they do not prevent transmission, they do reduce it. it is in everyone's intere. john: thank you very much. ♪ when the new york public school district what access -- bought access to an artificial intelligence will, it was response to how rapidly technology changes are affecting our lives. educators are worried students

are using this technology to write papers. the tool was not even one-month-old when a college professor caught a student using it to write an essay. our guest wrote about it on his facebook page. what were the red flags? this was an essay about a scottish philosopher. what were theed flags that this might have been other than her own product. >> there are several red flags. they build up until you have to look into the problem. in this case, it got some basic issues right, other things fundamentally wrong. it talked about things the student would not have learned about in class and connected things together in a way that

was thoroughly wrong but beautifully written. beautiful for a college take-home exam. it was a weird collection of flags. john: with a different from the red flags you get from old-fashioned plagiarism? >> normally would happens, when a student plays arises, there is a cost-benefit analysis. usually it's a panic, at the end of the semester, they realize they don't have enough time or knowledge so they cobble pieces together that don't fit together. what was odd about this is there was some of that, things they did not understand, things they did understand, but it was so well composed which is not something you would see with an essay cobble together at the last second. it was nicely written, nicely

structured. it was just off. john: you used part of this tool to confirm the plagiarism. >> there is a detector designed by the same lab. what i have the suspicions, let's plug it in and see what it has to say. at that point i never had done anything with it. john: wt did youake away from this experience? what does this lead you to think about the technology, the uses, misuses of it? do you have a policy? what do you walk away with? >> i have a really ambivalent view on this. on the one hand, it's fascinating. it's a great toy, i have been playing with it a lot. on the other hand, it's

terrifying. what is terrifying is its learning software, it's designed to get better. when i caught the student using a, it was maybe three weeks old. one month from now, it will be better. one year from now, it's going to be better. five years from now, the genie is out of the bottle. my worry is about how can we keep up, how can we prepare? plagrism is not new. in the cost-benefit analysis i was talking about, this changes the analysis for students. this is a tool that makes things easier, faster. my worry is we will get more students using this method. in the classroom, i change the analysis. john: how are you going about that?

you talk about keeping up with this. >> i have to rethink every assignment. we think about plagiarism every time anyway area did that is not new. in my syllabus, i tell students if i catch a whiff of ai i will give an impromptu oral exam with the hope that that is enough to understand what they are putting in the essay. john: you say it's a mixed bag. what are the upsides? >> i see people trying to think creatively. we can't ignore new technology. there are fun things. one of the best suggestions as somebody said astana prime, have students put it into tetchy tea,

then do in usa. see what he gets right and wrong. that's getting ahead of the bar. i would ask what stops it from analyzing its own essay. john: good point. >> you have to stay a step ahead. john: could you see using it at a -- as a teaching tool? >> sure. we will be poking around this thing. it's raising questions that are worth asking. at the same time, it's a potentially dangerous tool. john: thank you very much. a cold nose might be good for

dogs, but for you and me coming maybe not so much. new research adjusts cold weather may affect an immune response, making us more susceptible to obits, flu and other respiratory infections. a doctor and sinus specialist in boston teaches at the harvard medical school and is the senior author of the study. have i got this right? when it comes to fighting viruses, there is more going on not under our noses but in our noses than previously understood? >> that is right. the study found that inside the front of our noses, when we are exposed to the virus, there is a war going on. our nose detect the presence of a virus, the cells release

vesicles, and they have several functions. they bind to the vus, they mop up the virus before it has a chance to infect ourselves. not only that, they directly kill the virus when they bind to it. the viruses don't have a chance to them act cells because of the bubbles. john: how does it change when it gets cold? >> we found when the front of the nose is exposed to cold, we took healthy volunteers and measured the front of their nose and at about 40 degrees fahrenheit, we found at the fronts the temperature drops by five degrees celsius and in effect, just the modest drop in temperature decreases these immune functions by about half. that turns lights to about twice

as much virus able to get into e cells and replicate just after exposure to the small drop in air temperature. john: is there a threshold where this gets to be a problem? >> we only measured the one drop. we picked this number because this is a typical winter in boston. we found we could quantify and relate dege of temperature drop to specific changes that were decreases in our ability to fight these viruses. this is the first time we discovered a quantitative mechanism for how the cold impacts our nasal immunity and ability to fight off viruses. john: does this change the thinking of why winter is cold and flu season? >> it does. there has been a lot of speculation as to why we see this constant pattern

year-over-year, we see higher rates of respiratory infections. people used to say maybe people are thering more indoors, but we all know we are indoors all year round and other studies have looked at this where people get together during sports events and they do not see these same types of effects. we wanted to look at an actual mechanism we can onto five and this changes the way we look at this. we know that the nose has an importantole in not only protecting us from respiratory viruses but also how the protection is impaired when we are exposed to modest changes in temperure. john: are there implications for how doctors treat colds and flu? >> the type of affect is what we call the innate immune system. the part of our immune system thatmmediately protects us

within minutes to hours of being exposed. this tells us th things like masking are still very important, because not only does this prevent us from inhaling the virus, we also think in the cold months, maybe mast maintained the question of warm air and prevent this reduction in temperature. this also tells us as potential preventative therapies in the future that we could leverage some discoveries to full the nose into thinking a virus is resident and up regulate this immune response and may be prevent us from getting infected. john: regardless of the temperature. >> exactly. john: thank you very much.

a video game featuring a stray cat is helping rescue animals. gamers are using the platform to raise money for felines without a home. we spoke to a number of people using a virtual stray to help real-life cats. >> my name is jeff. i am a marketing director. stray is a third person videogame where you play as a cat exploring a city inhabited by robots. you play as the cat that has been separated from its small family endure exploring the city and trying to find a way out. it was a bit of a no-brainer to see if there were organizations that would be happy to partner up with us.

>> my name is brandon and i am marketing specialist. we decided the best way to collaborate would be to give away several game codes through our twitter account. it was very successful, we raised about $8,000. >> look at how cute. she is three-legge as an engagement gift, our friends got us a cat. they were asking are there any local streamers and i felt like that would be a perfect fit. we were able to raise over

$1500. we hit it in like 20 or 30 minutes. it was crazy. it's a super thoughtful game with a good message and powerful things to say. >> the game is beautiful. the objective of the game is to get the cat with his family. that is what the shelter does. i am one of the volunteers at the shelter. i ught the game, i love the game. >> this is mr. big.

he was found outside and he is a sweet boy. i work with stray cats. this year we came out with the idea that we would do a 5k walk to raise money for medical care for cats. i contacted jeff and immediately he said he would love to be a platinum sponsor. we were able to raise $6,500 to go towards the medical care of cats. it's astounding. having a stray cat be the start of the videogame is amazing. we are hoping it could shed empathy on the community for the stray cat community. help a stray cat. we don't need kitties struggling. ♪

john: now online, more reporting on articial intelligence including a look at new tools that turn type to text into artistic images. all of that and more is on our website. that is pbs news wkend. on sunday, my one-on-one with martin luther king jr. the third. thank you for joining us. see you tomorrow. >> major funding has been provided by. >> consumer cellular is offering no contract wireless lans to help people do more of what they like. our customer service team can help find the benefits you. to find more, visit consumercellular.tv. >> and, with the ongoing support

of these individuals and is. this program was made possible by the corporation for public right asking and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪

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