john: tonight on pbs news weekend, we look ahead to president biden's state of the union address, midway through his term, as he faces a split congress for the first time. then, with more and more drinking water warnings popping up across the country, how do we tackle the nation's water infrastructure problem? and ahead of tonight's grammy awards, the changing ways we listen to music and what it means for artists and fans alike. >> while major artists like beyonce are utilizing those streaming services, the real place where streaming platforms are changing the game for artists i think is at the level of emerging artists.

>> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> for 25 years, consumer cellular's goal has been to provide wireless service that helps people communicate and connect. we offer no contract plans and our customer service team can help wife -- can help find one that fits you. to learn more, visit consumercellular.tv. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. john: good evening, i am john yang. navy divers are at work about six miles off the coast of south carolina, trying to recover debris from the suspected chinese surveillance balloon that was shot down. military and defense officials say it landed about 47 feet of water, shallower than they had expected, and is spread out over about seven miles. overnight, chinese authorities -- who had said it was a weather balloon gone astray -- called the shoot-down a "clear overreaction and a serious violation of international practice." former pakistani president pervez musharraf died today. he had ruled that nation for nine years and was a key ally in the u.s. war in afghanistan. a former special forces

commando, pakistani general pervez musharraf seized power in 1999 in a bloodless coup. two years later, he named himself president. following the 9-11 terrorist attacks in the united states, musharraf allied with president george w. bush in the war on terror in afghanistan. >> pakistan will never allow the export of terrorism anywhere in the world from within pakistan. it was an uneasy alliance that would define his presidency, but with growing anti-americ sentiment in muslim pakistan and u.s. officials doubting his resolve, musharraf's ties to the west led to his downfall. during his presidency, musharraf survived multiple assassination attempts. he resigned in 2008, under the threat of impeachment. he spent the rest of his life in self-imposed exile in dubai, plagued by poor health. pervez musharraf was 79 years old.

and at the 65th annual grammy awards tonight, beyoncé has a chance to make history. she has nine nominations this year, which ties with her husband, jay-z, as the most-nominated artists of all time, and she needs just four more wins tonight to become the artist with the most grammys ever. the current record is 31, held by the late conductor sir georg solti. still to come, one georgia doctors dedication to providing health care to women, and how streaming music platforms are changing the way we listen. >> this is pbs news weekend from w eta studios in washington, home of the pbs newshour, weeknights on pbs. john: a chinese surveillance balloon, the federal debt ceiling, and tuesday's state of the union address.

that's all grist for today's weekend briefing with our own congressional correspondent lisa desjardins and white house correspondent for npr tamara keith. the chinese balloon really gripped everyone in the nation and here in washington. what are they saying in the white house about how this was handled? >> president biden said he ordered it shot down on wednesday but wanted it done safely. the department of defense said they did not believe it would be safe, they thought it would be a risk to people on the ground if they did it overland. they waited until it was just out to see but still within u.s. territory to shoot it down. the white house is insisting is was the best and only way it could have been handled. of course they are getting a lot of criticism and have been all week. john: is some criticism coming from capitol hill? lisa: a groundswell from conservatives and republicans.

they see this as an opportunity politically but they also think the president should have acted sooner, should have directed the military to take this down more quickly. they question whether there was a hazard. they say surely there was a space over the united states where it could have been safely done. they are starting to define how they will go after president biden for his expected reelection bid. mitch mcconnell said the biden administration reacted at first to indecisively, then too late. they are going to cast him as someone who is weak and indecisive. there are not as many democrats supporting his move overtly, but it's the weekend, we will have to see. some say we are glad he got it done. john: the dance of the debt ceiling has begun. the first big test for the retionship between the president and the house republicans. >> i love that, dance of the debt ceiling. it is early. there are some positives in that

the president and speaker mccarthy are saying they are talking respectfully. we don't see the conflict politics that we get sometimes. these guys don't think in terms of months as anything urgent, only when it comes down today's. the underlying probleis still there. house republicans still want to the spending cuts and physical boundaries that it's hard to imagine president biden agreeing to. i spoke to someone a few days ago who said maybe we do a smaller deal for a smaller debt ceiling increase, also something i don't see the president going along with. john: t president travels to capitol hill tuesday for his first state of the union before a divided congress, going into an election cycle where he says he is running for reelection. >> chief of staff says he is looking forward to working on the reelection, so the signals

are there. this is the biggest audience in all likelihood president biden will have all year, the speech everyone will carey. this is a messaging tester president biden and his likely presidential campaign. we have been seeing him on the road touting legislation that was passed by congress and the results he is delivering for the american people. we can expect to hear messaging along thoseines, talking about inflation coming down, job growth continuing to be strong. there is always a foreign policy element in the state of the union address. we can expect him to talk about defending ukraine at a time when republicans in congress are showing discomfort with the amount of spending in ukraine. also talking about competition in china. i don't know if the balloon will come up but it is a ripe opportunity for that.

he is going to make a pitch for bipartisan cooperation. of course the environment is far different. john: talking about the election cycle comi up, americans for prosperity, very influential group in terms of money and influencing folks in congress. they say they are not going to support donald trump in the 2024 election. what does this do to the republican field? >> these are the conservative, libertarian koch brothers. they did not endorse donald trump last time either. this time they have gone out of their way to do an anti-endorsement, saying it needs to be somebody else, writing strong words saying frankly, republicans are choosing bad candidates who espouse things that run counter to american values. amazing from a conservative political organization that is all targeted at trump.

this could have effects may be down valid. they did not really have an influence with trump voters before, i don't think they have that now. it may embolden some candidates to get into the field but i don't know if it changes the base and how they see this primary. >> this is republican elites versus the rank and file. former president trump raises a lot of small dollar money from people who don't care what the koch brothers have to say. john: thank you very much. john: there is a city of 150,000 people where for years residents have been periodically advised to boil the tapwater. and for a week last summer, there was no reliable water service at all. it's not in a developing nation. it's here in the united states.

jackson, mississippi. while extreme, it's not isolated. last year, drinking water was found to be tainted in parts of new york city, baltimore and the state of hawaii. and of course, flint, michigan, is still coping with the effects of its lead contamination. why are so many cities having problems with drinking water? shannon marquez is dean of global engagement and professor of water, sanitation and hygiene at columbia university. i'm just going to start with that question. why does one of the most prperous prosperous nations in the world have trouble delivering safe drinking water into everyone's home? >> i think this is a very complicated issue where we have a number of things that have come to a head at one time. we have aging infrastructure and repairs and maintenance that have lacked because state and local governments have been overbuened, juggling funding priorities for years. that means communities that have

been historically underfunded or underserved are being disproportionately impacted. that coupled with climate change and extreme weather events and flooding are increasingly impacting water systems. that aging infrastructure also begins to impact contamination. so old pipes really can leach and the poor plumbing can corrodand lead contamination from these leaching pipes then becomes a health issue. john: this has come to a head in a number of cities that we walked through. but is this more widespread? are there other cities having the same problem, perhaps at a lower intensity? >> absolutely. unfortunately, we are only hearing in the news when there are these extreme events, when cities have boil water advisories. but the lack of financing to really rehabilitate old water systems means that systems have been neglected for years. so increasingly, we are going to hear more and more about this. but unfortunately, i'm afraid to

say there are many, many communities who are facing these challenges right now. we're not hearing about all of them. john: i know you work on water security in underdeveloped nations. do some of the things you see in these cities remind you of the things you see overseas? >> absolutely. many communities who are facing these challenges, where there's a water emergency, they are having to plan their d, plan their livelihood, plan their life around accessing safe water, and also how to deal with wastewater. and this really does mirror many of the concerns in low and middle income countries. john: is there a simple answer to explain why americans are why -- why americans or why cities in america have allowed the water systems to reach this state? >> you know, there are a combination of things. one, communities are generally uninformed about the vulnerabilities and challenges with water systems. for example, when there's a water main break, it's usually reported in the context of a traffic disruption, not the fact that there is aging

infrastructure or there are potential challenges witwater quality or conveying the water as a result of that main break. water is not a commodity that's properly valued in our country. people really take for granted that it's going to be readily available and safe and they do not realize what it truly costs to protect water systems and make them reliable. and then i would say that environmental racism and what we're seeing with communities who are disproportionately impacted, it's quite evident since that the historical disinvestment in communities of color really mrors the institutional racism and other barriers that have existed in our country in the troubled history. john: the cities we talked about, jackson is 80% black, flint is 60% black. benton harbor, michigan, another city with lead contamination problems, 80% black. the president has been going

around the country talking about his infrastructure bill. is that going to provide any help or is it going to be enough help? >> you know, unfortunately, although this is probably the most resources and finance that have been put forth toward and directed toward this problem in a number of years, unfortunately, that $55 billion is not going to be enough. ititerally is just a drop in the bucket because the cost of fixing america's drinking water infrastructure will be nearly $480 billion over the next 20 years. and it's evident that the infrastructure package will not meet the full need. it's also a complicated mix of criteria that communities must meet, and that falls with the states to really decide who is going to receive and prioritize those projects. while all this is happening, because it takes so long to implement change in a water project, the infrastructure is going to continue to age and the need for investment will grow. john: shannon marquez, lumbia

university, thank you very much. >> thank you. john: dr. donna adams-pickett is a practicing ob-gyn in georgia, a state that's known as a maternal care desert. she's run a women's health care center there for more than two decades. tonight, she shares her "brief but spectacular" take on a career spent serving women's health needs. >> my paternal grandmother died in childbirth when my father was 12 years old. neither she nor the baby survived the delivery. this was on a little tobacco farm in greenville, north carolina. i remember that was the first time i ever saw my dad cry, as he told the story how his mother

left and never came back. i am an obstetrician-gynecologist, practicing for 21 years in augusta, georgia. i am the owner and operator of a gust of women's health and wellness center. i have seen nearly 10,000 patients and delivered over 6000 babies. i decided to dedicate my practice primarily to obstetrics , to taking care of women who are pregnant and want to have safe and healthy deliveries. if you walk around my practice, you will see each of the rooms are dedicated to the special women in my life. i tell patients i am going to treat you the same way i would want my daughter, my sister, my mother, and my best friend to be treated. when i was pregnant myself with my two children, even with all the information i had at my

fingertips, i still walked into the hospital terrified. i was concerned that i would the, a statistic. black women are two to three times more likely to die in pregnancy and childbirth than any other ethnicity. women who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are one and a half times more likely to die in childbirth and pregnancy. we are facing a maternal mortality crisis in this country. currently in georgia we have over 70 counties that do not have access to ob care. i often say that these women might as well be on that tobacco farm with my grandmother in 1943. if an emergency occurs, we usually have to have a baby delivered within minutes, not 90 minutes. we can truly save more lives, fetal lives, infant lives,

maternal lives, if we had more obstetrical access. what keeps me invested in obstetrics and gynecology, particularly obstetrics, is that i am sam adams junior's baby daughter. i am his legacy and i want to make sure that i take care of women, just like his mother. my name is dr. donna adams-pickett, and this is my brief but spectacular take on being a women's health care warrior. john: some of the nominees at tonight's grammy awards rose to fame and popularity on music streaming platforms like spotify and social media apps like tiktok. stephanie sy takes a look at the

changing ways we're listening to music, and the challenges and opportunities that come with it. ephanie: this week spotify has 200 million paid subscribers. later this month amazon music will bump up their subscription price. universal music, the largest label in the world, is partnering with tidal to create what they say will be a more tist and fan friendly music streaming model. long gone are the days when most people listened on the radio, cd or record player. today over 50% of music we listen to, we stream. 9% of people opt for a free ad suppord music streaming and 11% get their music from short video apps like tiktok. for a deeper look at the factors driving how we listen to music and how that impacts the industry, i am joined by npr music's critic and correspondent. it's great to have what i understand is a fellow beyoncé

fan with us. i want to start with that because the grammys are tonight. one question i have is how platforms like tiktok and spotify influence who is nominated for an award. >> the real place where streaming platforms are changing the game is at the level of emerging artists. i want to focus on two in the best new artist category, both of whom who are young jazz artists. there is domi and jd back, who are amazing instrumentalists. they found success on youtube with their dazzling displays of virtuosity, including npr music 's tiny desk concert. and samara joy, the jazz singer, quite a traditional jazz singer, but using tiktok has found an audience of young people and is out there saying jazz is a young

person's music. she was using social media to bring classic jazz to a new generation. stephanie: you are getting at the crux of my question, the democratization of music and d talent, where they found fame by streaming on youtube, the only distributor. they did not need a major label. whether that is one of the benefits of streaming services. >> you have artists who are writing their own music on their laptops and putting it on services like soundcloud. you have independent streaming services, platforms like band camp who are working with artists to stay independent. at the same time, it's complicated because the best-known streaming platforms like spotify, youtube are not necessarily benefiting artists financially that much. stephanie: are these platforms also influencing h mainstream

artists might be producing music? >> i think they are. streaming has brought back the music video very strongly. someone like harry styles is a very visual artist and i think he gets a lot out of making exciting videos that go viral on deplatforms. also it creates a different relationship between these megastars and their audience. there is a way we feel we know beyoncé, for example. do you? i feel i know her just a little. stephanie: i definitely do. >> because she discloses what she wants to disclose of her life through streaming platforms and instagram, for example. doing that, we feel a connection to these stars. they create a connection between us and them. stephanie: i remember radiohead raging against spotify, along with taylor swift.

in 2013, tom york said spotify was the last desperate fart of a dying horse. he condemned the surveys for disconnecting the artist from the listener. there are still those complaints from any artists that spotify does not pay them what they are worth. >> for the major artists on the major labels, it's a lot better than it used to be. where it has really hurt is the middle-class and emerging artists who only get fractions of penni from releases and talk about that all the time on other streaming platforms, like twitter. there has been a lot of efforts by artists, whether it is to raise awareness or organize as workers. as you mentioned, the universal music group deal with tidal to try to figure out a way to be more equitable with artists. tidal is an artist owned

platform founded by jay-z, beyoncé's partner. there are attempts, but it is still really tough for artists, harder than it used to be to make a living as musicians. stephanie: ann powers, npr music's critic and correspondent. thank you for joining >> thank you for having me. john: online right now, you can find a compilation of all the grammy nominated artists we have interviewed over the years, from bonnie rate to quest love and michael boulay. all that and more is on our website, pbs.org/newshour. that is pbs news weekend. i am john yang. for my colleagues, thank you for joining us. have a good night. >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> for 25 years, consumer

cellular has been offering no contract plans to help people do more of what they like. our u.s.-based customer service team can help find a plan that fits you. visit consumercellar.tv. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.]

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