>> good evening. on the "newshour" tonight, rescue workers desperately search for trapped survivors after thousands are killed by a major earthquake that shook turkey and syria. the u.s. works to recover debris from the balloon it shut down. what china is trying to accomplish. how women in afghanistan face intensifying oppression from the taliban and many find ways for their voices to be heard. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by.

and, with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and, friends of the newshour. >> wliam and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas to promote a better world. at hewlett.org.

this program was made possible for the corporation of public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station by viewers like you. geoff: stretches of southern turkey are in ruin tonight after a powerful earthquake ripped through the region. the numbers are staggering. 3700 dead, 13,000 injured and tens of thousands are homeless. it hit in southern turkey with the 7.8 magnitude and shook buildings as far away as israel. a second quake followed, with hundreds of aftershocks. a moment of pure terror. people fleeing for their lives in turkey. whole buildings reduced to rust as the earthquake ravaged turkey and syria. rescuers rattling freezing temperatures as they sift through debris.

many left waiting in shock for news of family and friends. i have a friend living in this apartment, children rescued from the top floor. we will see what happens. geoff: turkey's president called it the worst disaster since the 1930's. >> we do not know how far this will rise. our hope is we will recover from this disaster with the least loss of life. >> one woman trapped in an apartment building was rescued. cheaply and improperly built apartments have been a problem across the country. many are now teetering on the edge of collapse. across the border in syria, workers worked to pull victims

out from buildings, a harrowing scene from a baby, the mother did not survive. elsewhere, a rescuer carried a little girl away. one survivor described the escape from an almost certain death. i have four children. we were at home sleeping peacefully. we felt the que, it was strong so i ran directly towards the house. as we reach the entrance, it collapsed totally on us. the building consisted of four stories, none of the people and her stories have survived. at this hospital, more evidence of the normandy of the loss. the hardest hit regions in syria are home to millions of

displaced refugees, living in poverty with little access to health care and few resources. >> let's assist all of those hit by this disaster, many of whom were in dire need. geoff: the u.s. says it's working with authorities to provide assistance and rescue crews. >> we are joined by the country director. this was a complex search-and-rescue operation that has been hampered, there are powerful aftershocks. once the situation on the ground? >> our team's based in syria,

it's one of the most vulnerable parts of the region. we can contact teams that are on the ground and are assessing what the needs are and how people have been impacted. shelter is the immediate need, these basic but immediate needs. following that there are some layers we need to look at.

bullhorn moving throughout the last 12 years. they need water on a regular basis. those water sources have been damaged through the earthquake. we need to find ways to bring it to those people to maintain regular work. those will be some key challenges. geoff: the sense of suffering is all-too-familiar. >> families had to move multiple

times and the fact that it does speak for communities, the last 12 months have been tough. the ukraine conflict, cholera has been devastating for communities. there were concerns about what happened next. we know people will keep moving forward. the concern we have is syria has dropped off the priority list because of the situations around the world. what happened today is something that can't be forgotten. many of the international community to support people of

syria. geoff: turkey is facing a collapsing currency, runaway inflation. how is the economic hardship affecting the rescue effort and recovery effort long-term? >> the economic collapse has been extremely difficult to continue daily lives. making it people -- difficult for people to find jobs support themselves. what happens around the world? this will make it hard. one of the bigger concerns in the immediate future will be the access to goods.

we have mattresses, blankets, jerry cans. these things that can we contribute immediately. it's being able to access that, pressure over the coming weeks. everyone will be looking for this items. geoff: thank you. russian forces kept up the pressure in eastern ukraine, possibly building towards a new offensive. heavy fighting intensified.

crews started -- israeli forces killed five palestinian gunmen today in the latest raid in the west bank. military said there was a failed attack on a jewish settlement. palestinian officials called it a crime. more than 40 palestinians and seven israelis have been killed this year. tens of thousands of nurses and ambulance workers in btain are back on strike. unions say it's the largest in the history of the public health system. health workers renew demands for a pay increase amid the worst inflation and for decades. they say it is killing their profession. >> w will find it harder and harder to recruit and retain staff, a lot of people have left the profession because they're are so disillusioned.

geoff: they plan to strike again tomorrow. emergency care and cancer treatments will continue. in hong kong, a landmark national security trial began for some prominent pro-democracy activists. supporters gathered outside of the court in a trial expected to last 90 days. the defendants are accused of holding an illegal primary in 2020. it is seen as part of the clampdown. in this country, dell is the latest tech company to cut jobs. they said they are shedding 6600 positions, about 5% of its workforce. on wall street, stocks fell fresh worries about interest rates and inflation. the dow jones industrial average 35 points to close up 33891. the nasdaq fell 119 points -- 1 percent. the s-and-p 500 slipped 25.

still to come. calls for paid leave grow louder. 30 years after the passage of the family medical leave act. migrant children remain separated from their families despite the push to reunite them. we look at the major takeaways and surprises from the grammy awards. >> this is the pbs newshour. geoff: the u.s. sent divers to salvage what they believe was spy equipment. >> chinese officials maintained it was a civilian weather balloon that went off course, and again criticized the u.s. for shooting it down. but the pentagon has rejected that claim, saying it was clearly for surveillance, and under the control of the chinese government. last month, the balloon entered u.s. airspace over alaska, but it became public last week as it

traveled over montana, and some u.s. military facilities, before continuing on towards the east coast. the balloon was shot down once it was over the atlantic on president biden's order and its thousands of pounds of falling debris posed little hazard. the pentagon said another chinese balloon has been detected over latin america, and that at least three other chinese balloons briefly crossed parts of the u.s. during the trump administration. officials say their presence was not known at the time, and only discovered by reviewing archived satellite imagery. for more on the strategy, we are joined by a long time china analyst who shares -- who chairs the 21st century china center at uc san diego. her latest book is "overreach: how china derailed its peaceful rise." the chinese claim this was a

weather balloon, the u.s. says it's clearly a weather device. >> i am persuaded by what the pentagon has to say. geoff: tell me understand something. last week, antony blinken canceled a diplomatic mission to china because of the balloon. the chinese knew that the balloon wou be on the people, how do you explain that? >> it's a puzzle. xi jinping and the chinese government were eager to have blake and go to china.

china has a mess of problems. xi jinping needs to restore confidence. it is self-defeating. i can think from that. it's the result of poor internal coordination. not a decision himself. he has approved this program of surveillance balloons, is particularly brazen effort to transverse a few days before blinken was about to go. reporter: president she is portrayed as the most powerful leader china has had in decades.

it seems to dent the image is this all seeing leader. >> we had a lot of these earlier coordination's in china with collective leadership. xi jinping has claimed full responsibility where he can control everything. it's a big, complex bureaucratic system. once he gives the green light, some people believe there may be

elements within the chinese pla who were trying to subvert diplomacy, but i think it is more likely people were on autopilot and just kept doing it. the wind may have had something to do with it. reporter: reportedly, there were failed attempts by u.s. officials to contact chinese counterparts when this balloon was circling the u.s.. what does this incident tell us about the ability to talk when they need to talk? >> yes, i believe this is the most worrisome feature of the whole incident. the biden administration tried to consult with chinese counterparts, either the chinese

did not answer the phone or they answered the phone but said they needed more time, nobody feels they can take a position before xi jinping authorizes it. that might have been part of the problem. in any case, the ability to coordinate during a crisis is very worrisome. reporter: this trip by blinken that was canceled was to reduce tensions between the nations. do you think those tensions could be reduced? >> i believe we have to test it. that is why i thought it was positive.

it would give us an opportunity to see whether or not xi jinping would be willing to moderate some of the more belligerent foreign policy in order to stabilize relations with the united states. i do not know the answer to that , but i thought we needed to try especially during this time when china's economy was on the ropes. there are good reasons xi would want to moderate policies in order to improve the economy. reporter: thank you so much for being here. geoff: this weekend marked the 30th anniversary of the family

and medical leave act becoming law, but the law still comes up short for too many workers. we have a look at the impact and challenges ahead. reporter: the family and medical leave act was held as revolutionary for its time. workers were guaranteed job protection if they needed to take time off. at a white house ceremony last week, former resident and in said the legislation is more widely acknowledged that any other action of his presidency and he shared one story about the impact. >> he grammy by the elbow and he said, you know, my little girl is not going to make it much longer. he said because of the family and medical leave act, these months i have spent with her are

by far the most important of my life. reporter: the act only goes so fa according to a recent analysis, 44% of american workers do not qualify. for more on this, i am joined by jocelyn. thank you so much for joining the newshour. you have described the family and medical leave act as groundbreaking. what impact has it had on families? >> thank you for having me. it has had an extraordinary impact. we estimate over 30 years, more hundred 463 million people have used the fmla. that is simply an astounding number and it speaks to the need that was present 30 years ago and continuing need families face to make sure they can care

for loved ones in moments of an emergency. reporter: at the end of the day, is is unpaid leave. what limitations does this law pose for workers, and what specific demographics are uncovered? >> it is unpaid leave, it is job protected. there are workers that can't afford to take time off and the newspaper. we estimate 10 million workers take leave. workers of color are disproportionate. 47% of asian workers, 43% of black workers.

workers of color bearing the brunt of those gaps and those are the gas we should fill. reporter: president biden said he will continue to push for paid family and medical leave, efforts to pass that lester failed largely because of joe manchin. he did not support tethering that to e inflation reduction act which was the party-line vote. there is a new bipartisan group trying to pass the paid leave program ahead of the state of the union. can a national paid leave program passe divided congress? >> it can. the fmla was a bipartisan bill. the other thing we have to remember was it was vito twice.

congress may look challenging at the moment, we will never give up. we know that the public, republicans and democrats and independents want paid family and medical leave. we came close with bud back better, but the good thing is we came so close. we know it will happen eventually. we will keep pressing. reporter: president was pushing for 12 weeks.

once a response to that? >> first of all, those are the same criticism we have heard 30 years ago when the fmla was passed. the data speaks for itself. we know that large majorities, 92% has not been a problem. one third of those employers say it helps with productivity. we note that the research speaks otherwise. there are employers today who will say it has been good for business. it makes them more productive. many of those critiques for very small business, if you listen to groups like the small business majority, this will

take up some costs. geoff: it's been more than a year since the taliban and girls from school, and women can't attend college. in essence, they cannot lead normal lives. we've been speaking to young girls whose dreams have been stifled. in the face of serious threats, we have their stories. reporter: afghan women are undaunted. but they are hunted. the woman in the red scarf are

at war. taliban target her and other female activists who dare to protest. including last august, on what they call the dark day, when year of taliban rule. we spoke to her by phone, protecting her identity. >> they beat me and my friends up. most of us were held hostage. they were shooting guns right in front of us, and they were threatening us. reporter: before the taliban takeover, she worked in the government. her daughters attended school. they, and she, lost everything. she is fighting for the life she on had. for that, she is punished. >> they hit my back with the but of a rifle. they hit my hands with a whip. they kick me, too. just like me, most of my friends have been beaten up and arrested. some of my friends were taliban hostages for almost a month. reporter: nevertheless, she

persists. manding change but suffering immediate blowback. >> after every protest, i codn't go home for almost a month because there was the possibility of my location being discovered, and my getting arrested. each time after i protest, i receive calls from anonymous numbers. they warn me that if i protest again, or come out onto the street, i will be killed or vanished, in a way that nobody will be able to understand what happened to me. reporter: and yet her acts of courage created confidence, in a younger generation, including this 20-year-old student we will call fah. >> i am watching students were protesting in the streets. it's a big protest. it will be done by women. reporter: she was studying to be a dentist, but she is banned from college.

>> still of hope. i am teaching, i have presentations. reporter: that is what saves her. >> they can put me in jail. they torture me. reporter: one is to be the happiest girl in the school. >> is dark.

i do not know what to do. it broke my heart. it's really bad. i don't know what will happen. i do not see any brightness. reporter: the darkness is literal. >> i am in a darkened small room. reporter: she used to be a government employee. last year she protested multiple times. she is willing to sacrifice for freedom. >> my family is scared for my life. they tell me one day he will be killed. everything i do is worth it. if my blood brings education,

ready to do it. reporter: he died last week of hypothermia. >> the situation is way worse than it is reported in the media. when i go to the bakery to buy bread, people are lined up outside. men and women are waiting to get bread. >> what conditions did you see? >> it is dire.

it's a brutal winter. it's grim. >> youth and working in afghanistan for four decades. >> this is about as bad as it gets. it's the combination of the effects for climate change. isolation. it came along with the taliban taking over. the banking system doesn't work.

>> the taliban have banned women , you have called it a potential deathblow. >> without women working, we can't access women and girls. women and girls are always the primary target beneficiary. in afghanistan, we are concerned about the rights imputed. this edict needs to be rescinded.

two sectors have already been exempted from it. expand those exemptions to all sectors. whether it's refugees mother's protection against violence. the reaction was we understand the concern. we are in the process of preparing guidelines and i think you will be positively surprised by those guidelines. we will have to see. >> the taliban have asked you to be patient. you have dealt with the taliban for decades. are they stalling? >> i do not think they e stalling. patience is not on limited.

ther was one more thing that needs to happen. international community needs to engage with the telegraph. on all issues like counterterrorism and economy. there are many things we can do for the people of afghanistan which have been held back area -- >> washington says the u.s. maintains foreign reserves frozen. do you agree the u.s. needs to change his policy and have more engagement? >> my message to the u.s. government's exercise leadership to make sure afghanistan is not

an obscure place. >> they would want you to criticize countries publicly rather than keep criticism private in the hope you maintain access to the country. >> the record is pretty clear. have a poor record of achieving results that we need to see. i am a believer in encouragement and clarity. >> people need to --

geoff: it has been two years since the biden administration took on the task of reconnecting children with families after they were split up at the southern border. the barn white house has succeeded in uniting some 600 children with parts, roughly 1000's of them have remained separated. thank you for being with us. the trump administration's zero tolerance policy separated more than 5000 children from their parents with no process for reuniting them.

the 1000 children that still remain separated, what do we know about them? >> the one thing that is true for all children is there no longer being housed in shelters where they were initially sent. this is all they share in common. children are scattered across the country. some are living with extended relatives. some are living with family friends who agree to take the men in some are taken and are living in foster homes and that is a challenge to reunite them, they can be hard to find. >> it seems a number of children who are yet to be reunited, seems at the number is growing. why is that? >> the numbers are a moving

target. i want to clarify, this is a number we're hearing the biden administration. the total number is about 3900. total number is much higher. we are uncovering new horrors all the time.

they have applied for reunification and identified as having been separated. it has been corroborated again and again. it is very difficult. an administration official told us we might never get to the point and it's a stark reality. >> what does this entail? >> their advocacy organizations on the ground trying to track down parents who have not been in contact by the government and also finding again to walk them

through the process along with the biden administration to help with this work. it's a month-long process to go through from start to finish to be brought into the united states, just the beginning of the bond starts, but it is just something that's going to go on for a long time, perhaps even forever. >> this seems to be little to no appetite to hold trump administration officials

responsible for the policy, even though biden said it was criminal. >> we have not seen any concrete evidence that there is such an appetite, that does not mean one might not come down the road. there are policies being developed internally in the white house and homeland security to try and prevent future family separations. as we saw, if those policies are not codified, they can go away on day one so they are not necessarily as durable. geoff: caitlin dickerson, thank you so much for sharing your reporting. >> thank you.

geoff: the 65th annual grammy awards last night showcased a hip hop tribute for the ages and featured some major high points in the music world from this past year. but, the top honors weren't what some expected. jeffrey brown reports about ongoing questions about the process as part of our arts and culture series, canvas. ♪ reporter: tonight began in spanish. if future legends including stevie wonder. today's biggest pop stars -- bonnie raitt one song of the year.

the award 20 was one by sam smith. >> i want to thank all of the incredible people. >> another highlight, the celebration of 50 years of hip ho an acknowledgment of the impact and influence of the musical genre, they made history.

i am joined by a culture and music writer who contributes to a variety of media. thank you so much for joining us. >> thank you for having me. there are a variety of things happening. beyonce exists at the intersection of peak appeal and outside of the former structure.

music needs to engage the biggest artists such as drake, fiance breaking records, getting fitted as one of the biggest artists for 1, 2 generations is a conversation they can then use. -- continues. that is something for one part of the conversation. >> not winning album of the year time after time, this has been a long-running question for e grammys. especially when it comes to black women not in the top award.

>> part of that is the fact that beyonce has expressed the desire to not participate, one of the standards that exists is to do a full promotional cycle, beyonce has become an institution and does not need to participate in press, going through 12 chapters of the grammy institution to campaign, orolicit votes of her colleagues and peers. let the music situate itself as the cultural change it is. that present a question of what the music is and what the grammys wants to be, that is a conundrum that arises whether they get the album of the year

award, is the award for music are the expectations for doing the gladhanding that happens. >> there has been notable history regarding hip hop, which last night got the big nod with a 50 year retrospective look, brought a lot of generations out there. hip hop has had a fraught relationship with the grammys. >> correct. there is a continued emphasis with genres like hip-hop and r&b , the actual broadcast of the program itself. over the years, categories and r&b have gone from eight to

four, and as the shifts continue to evolve over the years, motocross industry really is the gold standard of music. that is part of where the grammys wants to move to. >> thank you very much. geoff: tonight, another edition of moments of truth. >> in the real world i was

falling behind in this digital fantasy. hello, i am a 30-year-old graduate student. i am david's dad. i don't think it first i had an inkling something was going on. there was this online puzzle that starts with basic problem-solving. take an anagram i realized i could not. there were other thus well-known puzzles. there was a shadow group, let me

in, i would be a member. i was going through a hero's journey. challenges, puzzles. >> did you get more desperate to crack the code? >> my relationship began failing. my income was paltry at best, i wanot sleeping, i was taking drugs. i started getting paranoid. at some point, there was a traumatic event that brought it all to ahead. people were knocking, i was terrified.

>> it's troubling to not know what to do. >> help to on a path to recovery. >> yes. i wish i could give more than a single moment of not believing in conspiracies, not being judgmental, i was able to slowly climb back out. >> thank you.

>> things were taking a turn. >> i have gotten two batches agree. >> i wanted to know what happened to me and help others in the future. i have to be hones it's more invigorating going through the proper channels. >> i hope that your mother and i were not accusatory. >> at the end of the day i would have dismissed anyone except you guys. >> will be possible to overstate how much we care. geoff: that is the newshour for tonight. be sure to join us tomorrow from

president biden's name of the dress -- state of the union address pam geoff bennett -- address. i am geoff bennett. thank you for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding has been provided by. ♪ >> actually, you don't need vision to do most things in life. yes, i'm legally blonde and responsible. it's exciting to be part of the team, driving the technology forward. >> people who no, no. -- know, know. >> investments in transformative

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