♪ >> good evening and welcome. >> on the newshour tonight. new data show a dramatic rise in maternal mortality. and sudden infant deaths among black americans. >> tiktok says the biden administration is pressuring it to sell the company as concerns about security grow. >> pandemic induced burnout causes major nursing staff shortages in hospitals across the country. >> there was one night at work i question whether or not nursing was for me. by 11:00 p.m., i had not been in to see three of my five tits. it makes you feel defeated. ♪

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by. >> committed to advancing restorative justice and meaningful work through investments in transformative leaders and ideas. carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the defense for international peace at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> good evening and welcome to the newshour. it has been another turbulent day in the financial world. news of rescues of troubled banks on both sides of the atlantic. shares in credit suisse bounced back as it tapped the swiss central bank for more than $50 billion in emergency funding. >> 11 large u.s. banks put $30 million in deposits into the troubled first republic bank bad in san francisco. at a senate hearing, janet yellen dismissed fears the collapse of two other financial institutions might spread. >> i do believe the banking system in the u.s. is sound and resilient, and we wanted to make

sure that the problems that silicon valley bank and signature bank did not undermine confidence in the soundness of banks around the country. >> despite strains in the banking system, the european central bank went ahead with raising interest rates by another half a percentage point to curb inflation. all told, the news gave wall street a boost. the dow jones industrial average gained 372 points, 1% to close at 32,240 six. the nasdaq rose 2.5%. the s&p 500 up nearly 1.8%. prosecutors in virginia have charged 10 people in the smothering death of a black man at a state mental hospital. security camera footage shows he was fatall pinned down last week. seven sheriff's deputies and three hospital employees are charged with second-degree murder. pentagon video released shows a

russian fighter jet intercepting a u.s. surveillance drone over the black sea. the camera captured the plane dumping fuel, trying to blind the unmanned aircraft. after a second approach, visible damage to the drones propeller. u.s. officials say it is proof the russian jet hit t drone. >> given the reckless and dangerous behavior and to demonstrate publicly what type of actions the russians had taken, we felt it was important to provide this imagery. >> the video doesn't show an actual collision, and they have -- poland's president announced they will send a dozen fighter jets to ukraine, transferring the soviet era planes would make poland the first nato member to respond to requests for fighter jets. the u.s. and other allies have remained reluctant to take that step. a u.n. backed commission accusing russia of war crimes in ukraine.

the panel's report said russia has committed indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks in violation of international humanitarian law. it also cites attacks on power plants leaving thousands without heat. the report alleges a small number of violations by ukrainian forces. amnesty international is accusing iran of torturing children who joined the protests. the group says detainees as young as 12 have been suggested to beatings, flogging, rape, and electric shock. mass protests erupted after a young woman died in police custody. in france, the battle over raising the national retirement age to 64 came to a head. the government invoked a seldom used powers to impose the change without parliamentary approval. our special correspondent reports from paris. >> boos and shouts echoing through the national assembly as elizabeth born pushed the

pension bill through without a vote. left-wing lawmakers raised signs and their voices, opposing the legislation as they sung the national anthem. >> ladies and gentlemen, members of parliament, we cannot bet on the future of our pensions. this reform is necessary. >> anger has been escalating over the plan to raise france's retirement age from 62 to 64. nationwide strikes and protests have fled since january. >> even if the reform goes through, the inequality gaps especially for women will be present. we must be on the street and always ready to fight this reform. >> president macron hopes raising the retirement age will help the pension system, avert a deficit by the end of the next decade as its population ages. the pension overhaul lacked the parliamentary support needed to pass. the protest movement has seen

millions join marches against pension reform since the start of the year. the fact the government has used this controversial constitutional way to bypass parliament is likely to fuel the fire of the demonstrators and the striking workers to continue their social action. >> garbage workers among those on strike. trash overflowing in the shadow of the eiffel tower and all across paris, repulsing locals and tourists alike. he manages a restaurant in the capital city. >> it is complicated, because you have rats in the morning. you cannot have people sit outside. >> the move will surely trigger a no-confidence vote in microns government. that is likely to fail since most conservative lawmakers would oppose it. i'm ross:. >> french trade unions vowing to identifyhe strikes that have crippled energy shipments and

disrupted transit services. health-care workers in england reached a pay raise agreement to end the war strikes since the 1980's. nurses, ambulance crews, and others would get a lump sum payment this year and 5% raise next year. still to come. congresswoman zoe lofgren discusses tougher banking regulations. minnesota's governor on how his state can be a national model for transgender rights. and why archaeological treasure hunters are scanning the banks of the thames river in london. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. >> the centers for disease control and prevention released two new disturbing reports about mortality rates for mothers and babies in america, including some stark racial divides. william brangham explores these alarming trends. >> we are going to hear from two

of the researchers behind the data. a look at maternal mortality. new mothers are dying here at higher rates than mothers in any other industrialized nation. during the pandemic, that has gotten worse. in 2018, an average of 17 mothers died for every 100,000 births in america. by 2021, it shot up to almost 33,000 mothers per hundred thousand. the trend was far worse for black mothers. more than doubled the national average. almost 70 deaths per 100,000 births. shawna coxe is the associate director for science and reproductive health at the cdc. thank you for being here. help us understand what you found here. maternal mortality has been bad in america, but got really bad during the pandemic. what stood out to you? >> what we know is too many

women die from pregnancy-related complications each year. it increases -- roy treasure. we also saw the increased risk of severe illness from covid-19. that contributed to some of the increases that we have seen. we also know there increases in maternal age, chronic conditions, such as hypertension, as well as social determinants of health, such as economic security and housing security. all of these factors contributed to what we are seeing in increases in internal deaths. >> the data is indicating it was some of the social and health factors brought on by the pandemic. we are not talking about the fireball deaths, we are talking about the related things people suffered through during the pandemic? >> yes. we have to think about all of those things. this data highlights the

numbers. it is a canary in the coal mine letting us know this is something we need to pay much more attention to and understand the contributing factors. while we can't pinpoint one thing that is driving this increase, we can't understand the factors that were occurring at this time that may have contributed to this increase. >> can i ask you specifically about these very starkumbers for black mothers in america? in 2018, they were still ahead of the overall trend for all american moms. but that trend may continue and seem to worsen. why do you believe that is the case? >> there are long-standing disparities in pregnancy-related deaths between non-hispanic, black, and non-hispanic white women. there are many factors contribute into these disparities. there are variations, and the quality of care received for the

facilities disproportionately serving black women for both black-and-white women. we also know there are disparities in those pregnancy related complations, such as hypertension. most importantly, we know the social determinants of health also differ by race, ethnicity. we have to acknowledge historical trauma and racism, including structural racism, plays a part in this distribution of social determinants of health and a role in those disparities. i also want to highlight these factors not always protective for black women. non-hispanic black women with a college degree are more likely to die from pregnancy related complicationsthan non-hispanic women with his good degree. we know there is an experience being black in ameri driving these disparities. >> we want to turn to the second

data set from the cdc about infant mortality. specifically, any sudden unexpected death of an infant. the overall rate of infants dying is at record lows. during the first year of the pandemic, the deaths of black infants spiked. the blue line second from the top. what do we know about why that trend is occurring? shared parts brown is an epidemiologist at the cdc. thank you r being here. similar question to you. we had been making progress on saving the lives of more young people and keeping them alive after they were born. then there was this sudden turn during the pandemic. did that spike come as a surprise to you? >> yes, it was absolutely a surprise for us. we were looking to compare rates of sudden unexpected infant rates prior to the covid-19 pandemic to the first year of data after the covid-19 pandemic

began. we did see the overall rate between 2015 and 2020 did not change. but we saw a surprising increase among non-hispanic black infants. >> the sewage rate, this is the sudden unexplained infant death, that is what you are referring to? >> sudden unexpected infant death. >> along with us being surprised at the rate increase for non-hispanic black infants, it is important to point out the racial disparities and the pattern of those disparities had been consistent from as far back as 1995. we typically saw the highest rate of sudden unexpected infant deaths among american indian

alaskan native infants in 2020, that flipped so non-hispanic black infants actually had the highe rate of sudden unexpected infant deaths, followed by american indian alaskan native indians. >> do you have a sense as to why this sudden spike occurred? >> similar to what my colleague stated about maternal mortality, we don't have data at this point to really explain why we observed this spike in infant mortality. but we also believe there were some indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic. we know a lot of the mitigation efforts disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities compared to non-hispanic white families. things like exasperation of housing and security, food and

security unemployment, changes in health care access, all of those things could have impacted for instance. access to health -- childcare. people who were not typically caring for their babies were responsible for taking care of those infants. we also saw changes related to housing instability. families may have been exposed to sleeping arrangements they were not used to. where they normally may have access to a safe sleeping environment, may be due to sudden unemployment associated with the pandemic, without their safe sleeping arrangement and have been putting their children in riskier sleep environments. >> that is one of the possible factors children might be suffocation or something that we have thought of in the past as complicit in children suddenly dying.

>> yes. we can be talking about infants in their sleep environments. some of these babies, we don't have evidence they have died of suffocation. some of them may die for other unexplained sudden reasons. that they are more at risk for them as a result of being in an unsafe sleeping environment. >> to this point about the specificity of how it seems to be among black infants, as opposed to other lower socioeconomic or racial minorities in america, how do you explain that trend? >> this is one year of data. we are going to continue monitoring to see if the spike we observed in 2020 is just an artifact in the data or if it is something that is actually sustained. and also try to use our other

data sources like unexpected infant death at cdc that has a lot of rich data and social determinants to really tease out what the factors were that could have been driving to increase what we have observed. that is a question we continue to monitor and do surveillance and research. >> sharon parts brown, thank you for being here. >> thank you for having us. >> the chinese parent company of tiktok says the biden white house is pressuring it to sell to an american firm or face a national ban. nick schifrin reports on the national security concerns of the hugely popular video app. >> 21st century flower power. >> it doesn't taste bad. >> communicative cappuccinos.

a nursing home rendition of rihanna. tiktok's diverse viral sensations have combined access to music with editing tricks made easy to create a social media monster. tiktok has 1.5 billion users and its single most popular video has been watched 2.1 billion times. the u.s. government says their sleight-of-hand is not like this american magician. but by their chinese parent company by dance and a national security threat to users and their data. >> they use tiktok to control data on millions of users. >> the vice chairman asked fbi director about beijing's control of tiktok. >> could they use it to drive narratives to divide americans against each other? yes. >> this is a tool ultimately

within the control of the chinese government, and it screams out national security concerns. >> the primary concern is chinese law forces bite dance to collaborate with the chinese government and there is n independent judiciary for appeal. >> very american company. >> the pressure to sell is three years old across two administrations led by the committee on foreign investment in the u.s. tiktok says it has already answered u.s. concerns in a process known as project texas, by creating a new company that reports to the u.s. government and whose employees are subject to u.s. approval, and allowing u.s. technology company oracle to control all user data and review the algorithm and content. tiktok said in a statement divestment doesn't solve the problem. a change in ownership would not impose any new restrictions on data flows are access. >> before there was tiktok,

there was cte. >> the new bill the administration supports would allow the commerce department to ban tiktok. >> it is important to establish a holistic and methodical approach challenging it. >> why the sudden move to ban tiktok? >> users have responded to the possible ban with criticism and content. >> never mind, no it is not. >> now it is only being bann a little bit. >> it is being banned a lot. >> the newshour has its own tiktok and its own tiktok star. why do you think tiktok has become so popular? >> they get to enter somebody else's world, or feel more closely connected. it has almost become this community where it is unfiltered and authentic that it is very real. whether it is your second job or full-time job, the risk of tiktok being banned is a huge

concern for these people and where they will go after that. >> while tiktok is the relative new kid on the block, its creators and users are loyal. for the national security committee looking for threats that found them in the app and because of its chinese parent company. so tiktok might not have nine lives, despite being the single most downloaded app in the world. for the pbs newshour, nick schifrin. >> could this be the beginning of the end for tiktok in the u.s.? in the u.s. government's concerns about the app be mitigated? a public policy official at facebook before becoming a professor at the university of north carolina chapel hill and director of the center on technology policy. the center is funded by foundations and tech companies such as google, apple, and tiktok. welcome to the newshour. let's start with what nick was reporting.

tiktok had been negotiating with the u.s. government for years, already agreed to a number of requests laid out by the u.s. government. what change led the biden administration to harden their stance and issue this ultimatum that the bite dance ceo says he received. >> it is not clear what changed, and if what changed with more substantive, related to more harm related to tiktok or risk tiktok poses to the u.s., or a political change in how the parties receive risk related to being perceived as being soft on china. it is probably more likely it was political and it is still unclear exactly what about project texas and the rumored agreement with tiktok was insufficient from the u.s. government's perspective. >> tell me about those political concerns. what is the political landscape? >> republicans and democrats agree it is not good to be perceived as soft on china.

there is deep concern about how the chinese government might approach a technology company with deep roots in the u.s. user base. >> a senate intel source has shared what we believe our lingering concerned, they are mainly around data and content. specifically much of the content and associated metadata can be out -- access outside of the media, including by mainland china. and the algorithm determines what americans can see, would be driven and dictated by engineers in china. are those valid concerns to you, and have we seen evidence? >> the main feature of project texas is to house u.s. user data within the u.s., locate the algorithm within the u.s., and locate the content operation function. it would make each of those three components subject to an audit process, whether there are different auditors and monitors who try and ensure the functioning of project texas was

aligned with ho tiktok said it would function. it is still certainly possible the project would not fully funded as intended or there is a remaining risk. i think the risk is certainly possible, tiktok has created an honor system. the idea is the monitors can catch it. in the world of technology and tech policy, it is hard to ensure there is zero risk. why would bite dance have been so willing to negotiate and acquiesce? >> that ia really good question. the main thing he's interested in is a strong competitor like apple, google, youtube. perception is the best way to make that happen. it is unclear if that has happened in practice. what will be useful would be to

have the kind of process in place to develop evidence, to understa better whether the national security risk and harm alleged is actually there in reality. >> are there broader implications we should concern? does it open the door to other countries, india for example, taking a similar attack and saying we want to control what google is able to do here in india? >> i started working in the tech industry in 2011. at that point, the tech industry was concerned about data localization. the idea china or india, brazil, germany, france, the u.k., would require a u.s. tech company to store data locally. project texas is essentially a very sophisticated data localization model where tiktok will be localizing certain components of his business within the united states. that is the sort of thing the tech industry and u.s. government have feared and advocated against for a long period of time. if the government were to require it, if tiktok were to do it within the u.s., we will see

countries like india, germany, like brazil reciprocating and asking for project texas on their soil. >> given where we are, either a divestment or a ban, what is the likely outcome >>? -- outcome? >> a an has been talked about, we will -- it would be unlikely. it would be very politically challenge for the u.s. government to achieve a ban. many in the u.s. use tiktok and love tiktok. they would immediately feel the consequences of the technology beingbanned and limited access to a two they potentially use every day. divestment is trickier. it is unclear if there would be a strong constituency. i don't think there were that many tiktok users who wouldare that much who owns their product. questions about divestment continue to be whether there is evidence sufficient to support an action of that magnitude. a significant remedy being put

into action on whether there is evidence to support it. >> the director of the center on technology at the university of north carolina chapel hill. thank you for your time. >> many americans are watching and waiting to see if congress will address two major issues facing the country right now. the financial security of the country's banks, and immigration issues at the southern border. congressional correspondent lisa desjardins speaks with one congresswoman who spent a career focus on both issues. >> parts of silicon valley sit in representative zoloft grins district. she represents the 18th district. that is where she is now. welcome to the newshour. i want to start with banks.

the bank failure in silicon valley. do you think thousand issue of federal regulators asleep at the switch, or was the law to loose. i think both. we did release the rail tory requirements for banks of this size in 2018, i voted for it. anova looks better and better now. there was not an obligation for the federal reserve to do some supervision. and i think there was a failure as well. i think the situation has now stabilized, potential for some very serious harm to the banking system and the american economy was president. >> both the silicon valley bank and ceo donated to your bank and the bank of other politicians.

it is not uncommon, but there has been a long debate over corporate influence in politics. do you think perhaps this bank could have gotten a pass because of its influence or connections? >> no. most of their common -- contributions went to republican house members that are now in some cases criticizing what the biden administration has done. myself and others in the california delegation are sending letters asking that the actions of the ceos be investigated to see whether they unjustly received bonuses to investigate whether there was insider-trading in the dumping of stock leading up to the events. we are being very top on it. but we don't want the depositors to suffer at risk. the employees that would not

have been paid probably exceeds 20 people in the country. additionally, some defense analysts have pointed out some of the companies that would have failed or were critical to -- and developing cutting-edge measures in our competition with china. the premier, she and vladimir putin would have been celebrating on this. >> i want to turn to another topic affecting millions. immigration. the house homeland security meeting -- committee held a hearing at which the chief border patrol said "we do not have control of the border. as agents face resource issues." you are a former immigration attorney, you spent time on this

issue. how do you respond to criticism president biden has failed in terms of security of the border and he's failing immigrants as well? >> i think we need to look in the mirror, congress does. we have dropped the ball. part of getting a handle on disorder at the border is getting an orderly immigration system, which we have failed to do. there are individuals coming because they are seeking employment, they are in poverty. and we need workers in the u.s. the answer to that is to have an orderly system that allows people to legally enter, work for several months, and go home with the proceeds to their countries. there are people there who bring communism -- who are fleeing communism, fleeing oppression, they have a right to have their claim of asylum to be heard.

that needs to be done in an orderly way. we have failed to address it, as well. we are spending more money on immigration than any other federal law enforcement agency put together. but we need to look at the systematic problems in its congress who has totally blown that. >> in the last seconds we have, cook across and accuse the january 6 committee, which included you, of lying and how you used footage. i want to give you a brief chance to respond to that. >> that is berserk. the committee showed what really happened. the mobs that attacked the capital. weirdly enough, mr. carlsen is trying to etend nothing happened. hopefully his viewers are not relying on his truthfulness, because we know from the lawsuit pending, he is knowingly lying

to his audience. i don't know what he hopes to achieve with this. >> thank you so much for your time. >> take care. ♪ ♪ >> more than three years since the start of the pandemic, there are still long waiting times at both hospitals and for in-home care. stephanie sy explores how the medical staffing shortage is affecting patients and why nurses are leaving hospitals for other jobs. >> brandon, a first grader at an elementary school outside of phoenix, arizona, has been through a lot. even attending school was a victory. his clap suggests he's having a good day. >> brennan is six, almost seven,

he was born with half a heart. he's got a lot of other medical complexities, as well. >> his mom says he's had 21 surgeries and has been in and out of the hospital since he was born. since the covid pandemic, his care has suffered. she recalls her recent visit to a local children's hospital. >> that was a respiratory issue. we were in the er for 24 hours before they could find a room for him. they did not have enough beds or nurses. >> when you did get care, did you feel rushed? >> you can tell they were stressed them selves, which i don't blame them. he was put in an icu setting, they had more patients than they should have. >> the national learning shortage of back decades. the covid-19 pandemic pushed it to crisis levels. in the next two years, there will be a shortage ofp to 450,000 bedside nurses in the u.s. in countries around the world,

medical workers are pleading for more support. earlier this year, thousands of nurses in new york went on strike to protest their caseloads. in the u.k., nurses and ambulance staff staged the largest protest in national health services history last month. recently in spain, hundreds of thousands of public health workers protested budget cuts. no organized protest, but an emergency department packed with patients avalley wise health. a public hospital in arizona's largest county. like many hospitals, they are having a hard time keeping and attracting nurses and other medical staff. >> we strive really hard to keep the beds open. >> the chief nursing officer has been at valley wise for over 18 years. exactly how severe is the shortage? >> about 440 positions we could

fail. >> 440 positions unfilled. >> we're utilizing contract labor to cover a lot of those positions. we might stay a few rotations and moved to the next state or job. for us it puts a lot of pressure on us to have stability foundation for the care worker providing. >> they are so shortstaffed, they have close behavioral health units, patients are on a waiting list for care. last year, arizona ranked among the top five states with the most critical staffing shortages. many workers are leaving their permanent hospital jobs in search of less stressful work. the pandemic was brutal on frontline medical workers. >> the patients were very sick and a lot of physical, mental, and emotional stress in the hospital for the patients and staff caring for them. >> many quit, but a single mother stayed. >> you are not getting as much

break and having as much time to spend with the patients. really being rushed to get things done and meet the same obligations you need to meet to get the job done. >> she was one of more than a dozen nurses who attended a recruiting event for a private nursing service. >> so we can fill the gap so people get the care they need. >> jasmine is cofounder of navi nurses, providing home nursing care on demand. >> hoping with our new model of care, we cannot only help retain the nursing workforce, but we can provide better health outcomes. >> she was a practicing nurse until about a year and a half ago. >> i was just tired, exhausted, definitely burned out. my heart hurt from everything i had seen and worked through. >> she says she saw firsthand how high nurse to patient ratios could affect patients.

>> there was one night at work i question whether or not nursing was for me. it was because by 11:00 p.m., i had not been in to see three of my five patients. two of my patients i had to send off to the icu, one almost died. it makes me feel defeated. >> that is because there should have been enough nurses for you to do two or three, not five >>? right? >> not at that level of care that these people require. it is not safe. it was not safe that night. >> the shortage also extends to home health care. paula suffers from multiple sclerosis and has needed a home nurse for several months to dress a wound on her lower back she cannot reach. but finding reliable home nurses was difficult. >> people should be able to get the treatment and care they need. the nurse that comes four times

a week is a bright spot in her day. attentive, thorough, and experienced. but the service is not currently covered by insurance. >> i have to pay for concierge nursing, which i did not know was a thing before. i went through my savings. >> while she burns through her savings,lll lori is burning through vacation timellllll,lllll caring for her son. lllllllll thel shortagof home health care nurses means she's having to pullllll double duty. >>llllllllllll we are taking so many days off, just because we have no helplllll area i was worried about losing my job. >>lllll she still depends on therapists and other providers. it takes a caring teamlllllll to give brandonl what he needs. llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllll -- it takes a caring team to give brandon what he needs. but the team is strong.

he recently got pneumonia and lori decided not to go to the hospital. >> we made the decision as a family to battle this year. >> caring for him at home seemed safer than going to the understaffed emergency department. has it affected his health, his nursing care? >> had we had consistent nursing home and in hospital settings, maybe those illnesses where they come on and we had to take him to the hospital, may be the nurse would have been able to catch it ahead of time and said let's get him to the doctor and on antibiotics, and may have prevented those er visits. >> his next medical emergency is never far from lori's mind. for the pbs newshour, stephanie sy. >> with the 2022 election,

mocrats in minnesota took control of both houses of the state legislature for the first time in nine years. and a sodas democratic governor joined the house and senate leadership in sending a wide range of reforms like restoring voting rights for felons and allowing undocumented immigrants to get drivers licenses. the latest reform safeguards the rights of trans people. minnesota's governor joins us. thank you for being with us. last week, you signed an executive order guaranteeing gender affirming care would remain available in minnesota. reading through that executive order, it does not change any existing laws in minnesota. minnesota is a blue state. why did you view it as necessary to take that step? >> first of all, thank you for having me. the step was because our trans neighbors, children are feeling the pressure. we see states using state power as an apparatus of cruelty,

quite honestly. we know they are under risk, they have some high suicide rates, attacks of hate crimes against them. reaffirming through the executive order that whether it be making sure insurance companies pay for what they need to pay for, are making it clear that if you come to minnesota, we will protect your rights. we will not extradite you or cooperate with states trying to take away basic, and in many cases, lifesaving health care. it is an unfortunate circumstance being caused by states choosing to make life more difficult for people, to marginalize people, to try and criminalize people for being who they are. that will not happen in minnesota. >> newly empowered minnesota democrats asserting themselves on gun legislation. what are you hoping to achieve and are the politics trickier in minnesota given the vast rural areas? >> we are hoping to achieve reduced gun deaths.

it simply is unacceptable and should not be something that we accept in this country that vast more people die or are involved with these accidents. i grew up hunting at a time when your shotgun was in your car going to school. i understand this. i spent my 20 plus years in the military. but the idea w are not doing background checks, that we have families who understand their loved ones are going through a crisis and use extreme risk protection orders, red flag laws, or simple things like asking folks to lock their weapons up. lifesaving things. we have seen these things happen in rural areas. we know the folks who are responsible gun owners recognize none of the things we are proposing will infringe on their right to do what they are going to do. and for those critics who say it would not sp all of these shootings, no, but it may stop some.

we see it in nations around the world, they have their freedoms and rights to own firearms, but we don't see the number of shootings, especially mass shootings. i don'think it is an either or proposition. i think it has been politicized by folks for short-term gain. but the idea our children have to worry about being shot in schools or witness shootings on a daily basis is unacceptable. our goal is to reduce as many as we can. >> you also rolled out a statewide framework to fight climate change. you signed a bill into law that puts minnesota on the path to 100% clean electricity by 2040. one of the most ambitious standards across the country. what kind of coalition did you have to put together in order for that to happen? >> seeing this, i'm a schoolteacher by trade, i often times talk about maslow's hierarchy. the vast majority of americans

want to move us away from carbon-based fuels. they recognize climate change is real. they want to turn their lights on and pay their bill. the coalition was struck about the jobs we created. it started with major utilities. this is the direction they need to move, they know that wind and solar have parity, hydro. we are moving in that direction and they can produce the base capacity. it was labor unions, businesses understanding that they are being asked by consumers to be more eco-friendly. if you are a manufacturing company, we have manufacturers telling us to deliver 80% of energy by a set amount of time. it was a coalition, those who recognized climate change, it needs to be addressed. there is room for a market-based economy with some incentives and some goalsetting by government

to create new opportunities. we have the largest solar panel facility in north america and minnesota. a lot of water we need to protect. we have a lot of information we can lean into whether it is wind or the battery storage. i'm excited about this in terms of what it can do for the economy. minnesota wants to do our part. as our children are demanding it, we will do it. >> democrats in minnesota, michigan, maryland, massachusetts have secured the trifecta's of both chambers and the governor's office. you articulated how you have been able to affect change on trans right, gun control, things democrats care about. how should democrats at the national level think about affecting change at the state level if they cannot with a divided congress? >> i do want to give credit. i think it is underestimated, the inflation reduction act, chips act, bipartisan infrastructure bill gave us tools to move on clean energy.

they are giving us the tools to move. tomorrow i will sign legislation every child in minnesota will have breakfast for free. no different colored lunch tickets. i think the federal government, certainly the decision around reproductive rights, even republicans say states need to take the leads. i think we are taking the lead. watching what i think is the dysfunction. listening to one of my former colleagues, give us a framework around immigration. the challenge will be population, we are an aging population, northern climate. it is nice but gets colder. i think this congress should focus on the things they can do and let the states deliver on where they're going. >> i have to jump in. we are short on time. a huge thanks to you for joining us. >> thank you so much.

>> the phrase one person's trash is another's treasure certaly applies to author laura meikle, who spends her spare time scouring the shores of london's river thames. she is what is known as a mud marker, and has written a book explaining her passion for this unusual pastime. our own british treasure, malcolm brevet, joined her in the mud. >> blew tide at greenwich, one of london's most historic temp side districts. for two hours, it is safe to explore. the rivers sure, the section revealed between times. natures scavengers get a taste of what is washed up. drawn beneath the high

watermarks, treasure hunters with metal detectors. and someone else who relies on nothing else. >> my name is laura makem, i am a mother. >> she searches for history. looking for lost and found things. >> to the untrained eyes, it is unremarkable. but not to her. >> this is ordinary utility where. this is where they have the handle attached. part of a big jug for pouring out in the kitchens and serving area. >> the palace no longer exists. standing in its stead is the maritime museum. this was the domain of england's king henry the eighth, requiring six wives. 16th-century was greenwich meantime. beheading was more convenient than divorce. he also had a mean appetite. >> even bits like this, it would

have been food, this is domestic waste. so we have a rib bone. this could have been part of one of his feasts. chomping away on that rib. >> pin sharp vision is required to spot the most mundane items. bringing to life. >> these are handmade pins. buttons were expensive, we did not have them like we did today. >> do you think you are going to rich doinghis? >> i'm never going to get rich doing this. i try and avoid the word treasure because it makes people think i want gold, and i'm not. it tells a better story. >> what is my favorite find? it has to be this. it is a child's shoe. about 500 or 600 years old. when i pulled it out of the mud,

it was in perfect condition. i looked inside and i can see the impression of its original owners toes and heel in it. we will never know who owned the shoe, but it tells the story of ordinary people in london. a little boy or little girl running across the mud, perhaps bullied and somebody had thrown it into the river. or maybe it wore out and they threw it away. >> besides broken relics, the river also spits out 20 trash. on this day, the air was untainted by the stench of sewage polluting the river more frequently as london grows apace. >> it is affected by the rhythm of the tide, it is coming in. every 12 hours it takes place, bringing a new delivery of london's history. here is something that is 2000 years d. >> these objects don't really come alive until you find out what they are.

then you get this life to them. this looks boring, but it is a chunk of roman floor. it is beautifully polished. you can imagine the feet tha passed over this. this sort of smoothness. the great things about the river is the mud is anaerobic, there is no oxygen in it. it preserves organic material perfectly. this little cone is made of boxwood. it is broken inside. one side would be for getting out the parasites, the others for styling hair. >> do you have a holy grail as something you would want to find? >> i did, it was a holy relic. i wanted to find a medieval pilgrim badge. i searched for 20 years for a complete medieval pilgrim badge. i've only found pieces of it. a couple of years ago, i finally found one.

this medieval pilgrim would have gone down to a pilgrimage, bought it. they were cheap. they may have rubbed it against a shrine. >> over the past 20 years, the river has been revitalized, but there is a price to pay. >> this is the remains of a mid-evil jetty associated with henry the eighth's palace. unlawful lot on the river being lost, a lot of archaeology. you will see the amount of wake that comes in. that is what is eroding the shore andaking all of this away with it. >> the remains of the mid-evil jetty are swallowed by. but they will reappear 12 hours later when the river provides the next opportunity. for the pbs nshour, in greenwich. >> hidden history under our

feet. that is the newshour. >> have a great evening. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by. >> for 25 years, consumer cellular has offered no contract wireless plans to help give people more what they like. our u.s.-based customer service team can help find the plan to fit you. to learn more, visit consumer cellular.tv. ♪ >> it was like an aha moment. this is what i want to do. >> early-stage companies had this energy that energizes me. these are people trying to change the world. when i volunteer with women entrepreneurs, it is the same thing. i'm helping people reach their dreams. i'm thriving by helping others every day. people who know know bdo. >> the ford foundation.

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hello, everyone, and welcome to amanpour and company. here's what's coming up. unprecedented resistance in israel as benjamin netanyu continues his controversial judicial overhaul. millions voicing their support for democracy. we speak to a former massad chief and a negotiator. the great wall of steel. xi jinping vows to build one to ward off the united states. how will joint military drills between china, russia and iran create a new dynamic? plus -- it is frustrating that after the withdrawal there are still tens of thousands of afghan allies caught up in a