>> good evening. i'm on the nevada. >> and i'm just in it. -- geoff bennett. ice from greenland and south africa melting faster than anticipated, causing disastrous sea level rise. >> house republicans force a bill to ban transgender athletes from participating in sports. >> and we look at what the holy month of ramadan means for earthquake survivors in turkey and syria who have lost homes and loved ones. >> i remember how my children were around me.

>> major funding for the "pbs newshour" has been provided by -- >> these are people who are trying to change the world. energy that energizes me. i'm thriving by helping others every day. people who know know bdo. >> for 25 years, consumer cellular has been offering no-contract wireless plans designed to help people do more of what they like. our u.s.-customer service team can help find a plan that it's you. to learn more, visit consumercellular.tv. >> the candida fund, committed to restoring justice through informative work. carnegie corporation of new york , supporting innovations in education, democratic

engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station by viewers like you. thank you. >> welcome to "the newshour." alarming new evidence out today shows once again the dramatic impact of climate change. >> a new study shows the massive ice sheets at the top and bottom

of our planet are shrinking much faster than previously thought. more on what this means for coastal communities around the world. >> this international study, which compiles satellite measurements over time, depict what one researcher described as a devastating trajectory. in the early 1990's, the ice sheets on greenland and antarctica, were losing on average about 116 billion tons of ice per year, but in recent years, that annual loss has more than tripled to 410 billion tons of ice. as all that ice ends up in the oceans, it is driving sea level rise to an even greater extent. for more on the implications of this study, we are joined by the deputy lead scientist at the u.s. national snow and ice data center. she was not involved in this study. great to have you. you're the researcher i quoted as describing this as a devastating trajectory. can you explain why it feels

that way to you? >> this is something where as we are losing ice around the world, the biggest impacts are felt by those people who are actually far from this ice and living in coastal regions in north america, asia, africa, all around the world, so seeing this continued rise in ice loss is really not good news for dealing with sea level rise, but i do want to be clear that this is not an inevitable trajectory, either. >> we are talking about ice melting, disappearing, ending up in oceans and driving up sea levels. when we talk about aliens of tons, it is hard for people to fathom what we are talking about. what are the downstream consequences for communities all over the world? >> i understand how the numbers can seem hard to deal with.

these are very vast areas that are hard for us to imagine and as we are losing ice from these areas, what we see arising are things like coastal erosion where we are losing land. we might see flooding in areas that have never experienced it for, even further inland from the coast, and also areas that you experience flooding, having that occur more and more often. these are impacts that we feel around the world, and for those of us who have felt very far from ice. >> you were saying that this is not baked in, that we can act on this, but there is an enormous amount of carbon we have already put up in the atmosphere. even if we stopped today and emitting carbon 100%, wouldn't there still be some of this

pollution and warming that is baked in? >> yes, that's correct. unfortunately, we have already put a lot of polluting gases into the atmosphere, so we can expect sea levels to rise over the next 2030's, 2040's, and that that amount of sea level rise has been baked in due to our past actions, but it is very important to understand that sea level rise after that time period is very highly dependent on what human actions we take, what society does to address climate change. the impact your children and grandchildren will have is deeply affected by the actions we take now and over this decade. >> i know you're not a political scientist, but we just saw another united nations climate

summit come and go with nearly any commitment on global action. -- barely any commitment on global action. we are seeing the gop try to neuter the efforts of the biden administration to address climate change. is it frustrating to you that the evidence of this threat keeps growing, but our appetite to act on that evidence does not? >> it is frustrating that we are not taking stronger and more immediate actions in many cases, but i think it is important to still remember that we have made progress from where we were, for example, a decade ago, and that starting progress in one location can pass to another, and we can create social, societal tipping points in a good way, so i think we have to remember there is no expiration on climate action. every 10th of a degree that we prevent warming is worthwhile and will benefit us, and we can

continue to strengthen our actions. >> twyla moon of the national snow and ice data center, thank you very much for being here. >> thank. -- thank you. >> bangladesh first -- faced its worst heat in half a century and another day of widespread power outages for millions of people. average highs this week in the r up 12% from a year ago, and demand has overwhelmed the country's electrical system. readings in the west part of the country have neared 110 degrees, and forecasters say there is no end in sight. much of the central u.s. braced this evening for another round of severe storms. last night, tornadoes in oklahoma killed three people and injured dozens more. cellphone video showed hail sitting health -- south of -- showed hail hitting south of

oklahoma at dusk. several towns woke to widespread damage to homes, businesses, and schools. state investigators in alabama arrested two more men in saturday's fatal shooting's. all the suspects are charged with reckless murder in the killings of four young people at a sweet 16 birthday party. police have not said what the motive was. in sudan, the army today rejected negotiations with a paramilitary faction after six days of riding. instead, the military said it would accept a surrender and nothing else. that came as shooting continued across khartoum, despite a second attempt at a cease fire. in new york, the united nations secretary-general insisted on a new try at a truce. >> hundreds have been killed and injured. fighting in urban areas is particularly dangerous for civilians, including children, who have repeatedly been forced to shelter in schools and evacuate from hospitals under fire. this is completely outrageous.

>> meantime, the pentagon began moving extra troops to nearby djibouti, to evacuate embassy staffers if needed. authorities in yemen are conducting an investigation after a stampede killed dozens as hundreds gathered to receive aid. witnesses said people panic when the guards fired into the air to control the crowd. nato secretary-general stoltenberg declared today that ukraine has a rightful place in the alliance. he spoke in kyiv during his first visit since the russian invasion. ukrainian president e zelenskyy pressed again for planes and artillery. >> i turned to mr. secretary-general with a request to help us overcome the strength of our partners. the lives of our fighters who have not yet received vital tools for defense in appropriate

amounts are being lost. >> he also said the time has come for nato to commit to letting ukraine join the alliance. in this country, a federal appeals judge has blocked house republicans from questioning mark pomerantz in the hush money indictment of former president trump. republicans have subpoenaed him, but manhattan's democratic district attorney alvin bragg says they are trying to intimidate his office. the subpoena is now on hold until a three-judge panel can rule. president biden's nominee for labor secretary faced republican criticism after a senate confirmation hearing today. she's acting secretary and before that was deputy secretary , but republican mitt romney charged that she unfairly favored unions and never met with business groups until recently. >> this is really hard to understand how when we think about putting two groups together, getting them to compromised and negotiate, how he would have any confidence you would be seen as an unbiased,

neutral arbiter. >> i think business leaders and associations who work with me would paint a different story about both my openness and my desire -- >> but you've got to meet with them for them to do so. >> several moderate democrats have declined to say if they will vote for her, leaving her confirmation prospects in doubt. lawyers for actor alec baldwin now say prosecutors in new mexico will drop the involuntary manslaughter charges against him. the case stemmed from the fatal shooting of a crewmember on a movie set. baldwin has said the gun went off accidentally and that he was unaware there were real bullets in it. on wall street, stocks headed lower amid new recession worries. the dow jones lost 110 point. the nasdaq fell 97 points. the s&p 500 slipped 24. still to come, india on track to replace china as the world's

most populous nation. the latest spacex test fails midflight. medical professionals work to tear down barriers for patients in rural texas. and a new book tackles the challenges and joys of aging. >> this is the "pbs newshour" from weta studios in washington and the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. >> north dakota's governor signed a bill banning gender affirming treatment, including hormones for anyone under the age of 18. meantime, the democratic governor of kansas vetoed a bill that would have done the same and imposed for the restrictions. in washington, house republicans passed a ban on transgender girls playing women's sports in school. democrats are expected to block from becoming law in the senate. >> i think somebody needs to get

a little bit of logic and sanity. >> in the centuries-old u.s. house, a modern divide. >> republicans care about girls. >> is the day started with a group of republican women emphatically backing a ban on transgender girls in women's sports. all sides realize the stakes for young people and politics. >> house republicans make trends girls participation in sports -- >> house debate has been as if the two parties live on different planets. >> trance kids are kids. they should be able to live lives of opportunities, including playing sports. >> we are not talking about real womenompeting in women's sports. we talking about real boys, real men competing in women's sports. >> the bill is simple -- banning federally funded schools -- so most schools -- from letting men play in men's -- in women's sports, alleging that gender

determination will be based solely on a person's biology at birth. it passed the house today on party lines. the bill is already dead in the senate so will not move forward, but it remains a major base issue on the right. conservatives point to the national collegiate title won by a transgender woman in spending -- in swimming, and two outcries from some like a group of cisgender women in connecticut, who sued over having to compete against transgender runners. one of those suing was at the capitol today. >> aires against these athletes over a dozen times, and they would beat me out by 20 meters in the hundred-meter --. >> cases like this are a meniscal minority, even as dozens of state legislatures proposed bills to restrict transgender americans in 2020, and there are even more now -- cases like this in 2020 were a

minuscule minority. >> jenny is a mom of three who's 16-year-old daughter is a star student and field hockey player. she became an advocate when this photo of her saying she was the transgender person people feared went viral. she later joined a campaign for trans athletes. >> when you know the balls go in, you got it, and you have been good. >> rebekah's mom argued her daughter does not have an advantage and is not the best person on her team, but that she and other trans kids should not face discrimination for something that is innate. >> when she went out into the world as herself, which meant changing her name and pronouns at eight years old -- nothing else -- her joy exploded. >> at the capitol, the issue has hit powerful cross-sections. religion. >> also in matthew 19:4, does

the beginning, the creator made them male and female. >> these bills tell some of the most vulnerable children in our country that they do not belong. shame on you. >> about how the parties see women. >> we are in a battle for the very survival of women's sports. >> let's be clear about what this bill actually is -- it is about legislating hate in the name of advancing a political agenda. >> house republicans walked out of the capitol today celebrating even though this bill will not become law. it will become part of their argument in the 2024 election. ♪ >> tomorrow marks the muslim festival marking the end of

ramadan, but in southern turkey and west syria, celebrations have been muted months after an earthquake killed 26,000 people and left a trail of devastation. during the holy month of ramadan, muslims fast from dawn to dusk, but in the evening, they east. bakeries are packed for a ramadan special -- a soft turkish peanut that people line-up to buy. but the festive cheer is missing in quake-crushed southern turkey. survivors break their fast on communal dinner tables and pray in mosques marred by the quakes, a grim reminder of what the city has suffered. children in the camps are like children everywhere, swinging in a state of blissful ignorance, but mothers worry.

>> everything has gotten more expensive. all of our belongings were lost under the debris. we cannot buy any food. we cannot do anything. turkey needs help. we need help. >> in this once vibrant city of 11 -- 1.6 million people, now a ghost town. first displaced by the syrian war and now the earthquakes, she lost her husband and a daughter in airstrikes in syria. she still has her slain daughter's bloody shirt and no worries for her surviving family. >> we made a life here, but then the earthquake came and ruined everything. >> the life she built, now a pile of rubble. >> this is the hardest ramadan we have been through our whole lives. we were displaced from syria. we did not even have one like

this in syria. >> he fled to protect his wife and two daughters. his eldest, a toddler, survived serious injuries in the quake, but his wife lost her entire family. >> we are used to breaking our fast all together with our loved ones and relatives. unfortunately, we lost all of them. >> there are a lot of empty chairs. this year, it is a very dark ramadan. >> the global communications director of a global crisis response organization has led relief work in seven earthquake-hit districts this month, packing ramadan food boxes and meeting quake survivors. >> traditionally, elders would give children money, candy, and he nearly broke down entirely when he said that he could not give that to his grandchildren. >> they along with their partner

ngo, have been delivering truckloads of ramadan food kits and cash assistance to survivors in turkey. it has been tough on everyone. >> a lot of our staff who are turkish or syrian refugees actually lost their own love ones, their own family members, and when they visit, it has been really difficult to see their own process of being re-traumatized. >> help is also acutely needed across the border in northwest syria. at this cancer hospital, patients are many, but resources scarce. most patients used to travel to turkey for remediation and physical therapy, but no longer. >> before the earthquake, turkey was receiving patients, but now all the hospitals are close. >> his daughter has kidney cancer. there's no treatment for her near their home. >> i appealed to the turkish government and the world to

readmit patients for treatment or provide the necessary treatment for patients here in northern syria. >> it is a dark ramadan at the camps for syrians displaced by the >>. these neighbors eat the morning meal before fasting, but what is ramadan for a man who has lost his wife and seven children in the earthquake? >> when i sit down to eat, i remember how my children were around me, so i stopped eating. >> at the camp, put the newshour" caught up with the miracle child born under the rubble february 6. her uncle seen rescuing her from the debris. he has adopted her. her entire immediate family died in the quake. he is raising her with his daughter, born a few days after the quake, 22-month-olds who know so little about the calamity now but whose lives will be forever connected by a -- two two-month-olds who know so little about the calamity now

but whose lives will be forever connected by it. woman's 14-year-old son, zachariah. >> every ramadan, we ask your parents to make a sweet forest. it is a tradition. there is sadness in the family, but my mother is still making it because we love it. >> she used to make this cake every ramadan with relatives who have since died in the quake, but now through these simple delights, she keeps them alive beyond the disaster that took them from her. ♪ >> india will overtake china as the world's most populous nation by the middle of this year according to united nations data released this week. alongside its population of 1.4

billion, india's geopolitical and economic footprint is also growing. fears are mounting that it comes at the cost of the liberal democracy the country has enjoyed for decades. >> they arrive from nearby villages each morning, piling into a train for the capital, delhi, fighting for space or just oxygen inside or just a handle to hold outside for the hour-long ride. >> for laboring people, if we did not go to deli, how would we raise a family, educate the kids? there's no industry in our villages. that's why we have to go to deli. >> an estimated 400 million people work in the so-called informal sector, paid by the day on days when they actually find work. >> i have to catch the trains like this. you can see how rky it is.

>> these commuters are coming from a northern state. they account for about 1/4 of india's 1.4 billion people. india's population is not just the world's largest. it is also very young. more than 40% of people in the country today are below the age of 25. the challenge is to find employment for them. >> we have to worry about expanding education, infrastructure, health. >> she says the huge numbers represent both challenge and opportunity for what is now the world's fifth-largest economy. >> the good news is that there is a shortage of labor in the rest of the world, so for india to take advantage of that, it has to be now and at a big scale.

>> she charges prime minister narendra modi. he has promised to bring manufacturing jobs to india. >> we have to make india a developed india in 25 years, before our eyes. >> at home, he has used his commanding parliamentary majority and the country's growing digital savvy to deliver basic welfare benefits, gas stoves to many rural areas to replace dirty or cooking fuels, for example. he has made it easier for most the dozens to open bank accounts and use them to deposit financial support for some farmers. his image is omnipresent in these campaigns. in a media landscape that has become largely flooded by the ruling party. india has seen economic growth,

but overall, job creation has fallen well short of the level economists say is needed for millions of young people entering the workforce each year. still, the prime minister remains highly popular. >> if you don't have a job, at least he is making you feel proud about other things. he is making you feel proud about india's place in the world. this is a new form of populism, which is this culmination of basic welfare, basic stability, and daily, weekly, monthly reinforcement of how good it is to be indian. >> i'm very optimistic about india. >> this prominent member of his political party. >> you have an indian passport, in the lottery of life, you have probably won the last prize, that sort of feeling is gone.

>> he praises modi for instilling new pride in a nation whose aspirations, he says, were long suppressed, not just under british colonial rule, but for centuries before it under rulers who came from central and west asia, bringing islam and leaving an enduring cultural legacy. he says the bjp wants to change the historical narrative. >> i think overall, the belief is that india is principally but not exclusively a hindu country. >> but critics charge the bjp has run on a divisive platform, especially hostile to the country's 40% muslim minority. a temple built on the side of a mosque that was demolished by a mob of protesters in 1992. there are frequent reports of lynchings for allegedly consuming beef.

the cow is revered in hinduism. in 2019, the government passed a citizenship law, which critics say places a burden on many muslims to prove their loyalty to india. detractors say the bjp has used courts and tax authorities to silence political opponents and journalists. >> it is really about a kind of division and a kind of spreading, you know, the bigotry. >> the finance minister of a southern state will buy a regional party says indian wealth is highly uneven, aggravated by governments in the populist northern states where the bjp is in power. >> every measure shows that at best, we are underperforming the potential by a few percentage points, at worst, actually regressing. >> he notes south indian states have focused on development.

his is the south is seeing declining populations and high economic growth -- he says the south is seeing declining populations and high economic growth. another result -- millions of northern, especially lower skilled workers, have migrated south. >> after my education, there were no jobs in the north. that's why i had to come here. >> they feel alienated here, linguist to clean and culturally . >> we want to return. here there has been a lot of change. lots of companies have come here, but what has come to our home? not a thing. >> there are cases where people in the eighth grade in india cannot read or write at a second

grade level. when you have this generation that should be able to push you over the edge into being an upper middle income country or a rich country, in fact, if that generation is not healthy and not reasonably educated, you are going to run into trouble. >> prime minister modi has vowed to bring improvements, and the be -- a bjp commentator says under his influence, the outcome will be good. >> i think the prime minister is aware and has made enough soundings on that basis, and, yes, it should be a political priority. >> but there does not seem to be any impetus for it. >> that does not necessarily mean it should not happen. there's is a difference between winning an election and governing the country. >> right now, most analysts see

the prime minister's party winning the election scheduled for 2024. the populist northern states remain a stronghold for the bjp. >> and a reminder that this reporting is a partnership with the under told stories project at the university of minnesota. elon musk's spacex today launched the first test of starship, a rocket meant to one day send people to the moon and eventually mars. the most powerful rocket ever built blasted off from its launch based in texas. >> we should have had separation by now. obviously, this does not appear

to be a nominal situation. >> only to explode roughly four minutes into its flight. the rocket, we should say, was unmanned. musk says the next launch attempt will be in a few months. your science correspondent is here to unpack it all for us. we should say spacex calls this a rapid unscheduled disassembly, what we would call explosion. help us understand what happened during this test flight. >> i used to get mad at nasa for saying hi phenomenal, so this is a good turn of phrase, for sure. it appears several of the engines were not working, almost from the outset. if you were not even fired up when it left the pad -- a few were not even fired up when it left the pad. as it ascended, several more failed. maybe half a dozen, maybe close to eight, depending on how your accounting and when you are looking. you can imagine that would cause it to lose altitude, of course, but also with 33 engines and as many as seven or eight of them

out, that would cause all kinds of stability and navigational problems for it. ultimately, it got to a point where it was unstable. it did not separate, the super heavy craft and the starship itself did not separate. at that point, they pushed the button, and it was self-destruct time. >> previous iterations of starship have failed in testing before. what is interesting about this is that spacex and elon musk say that failure really is an option with spacex. why? >> it is a different those then nasa has evolved toward -- it is a different ito's -- it is a different ethos than nasa has evolved toward. that idea of failure being an option is actually interesting. that lots of tests, lots of failures, lots of lessons learned is the approach that

elon musk has taken, so you had this odd juxtaposition, this rocket in a million pieces way above the shoreline in texas, and the spacex crew in california and texas cheering. it was kind of hard to square that, but the idea was they got pretty far. they got a lot of data, and they did not damage the ground equipment, which could have really slowed down. >> why is starship such a big deal? what does it mean for the future of space exploration if it does succeed? >> well, it is really big. it is twice as powerful as the mighty saturn five, which sent astronauts to the moon. a little less than twice as powerful as the more recent space launch system, and more importantly, it is fully reusable power portends to be, at least. full reusability is like the holy grail of spaceflight. imagine if every time you flew

on a 737, they had to build a new one. imagine how cheap your ticket to cleveland would be, right? this idea of being able to recover the spacecraft and re-years them is a big change in the game. if it works out, it is something that makes space more accessible to more people. >> let's talk about elon musk for a second because he is a controversial figure. he has been criticized for his management of twitter since taking it over. he has been accused of fostering a toxic culture of racism and sexism at the businesses he runs, to include tesla. he has a reputation for being a taskmaster and micromanager. how, if at all, is spacex affected by that? >> as a parent, my inclination is to tell him to get off of social media and to pay attention to something important. i will say this -- he has obviously got a lot of irons in the fire. there's all kinds of

controversy. he is a famous or infamous micromanager on top of that. how that all works i don't know, but i know this -- the team he has built at spacex is pretty extraordinary. he has a lot of deep talent there. his number two there who makes a lot of key decisions, is an extraordinarily talented space executive. all i can say is from the outside, he's got a lot of good people who are, you know, well-trained in the space world, and if he is fully -- if he is paying full attention or not may not matter that much. >> lastly, when spacex says they are going to attempt another launch in a few months, how is that even possible? do they have replica mammoth rockets off in storage somewhere? >> they have production capabilities in texas. this rocket was not meant to be

recovered. that production line still is there. those rockets are still at the state of readiness they were before. the ground equipment was not damaged. the two things that have to happen is they have to figure out what went wrong and try to fix that, and they have to go back to the federal aviation administration approval once again to fly. who knows how long that will take? bear in mind, nasa would like to use a derivation of starship to send astronauts from lunar orbit down to the surface in 2025. that is a short time away, isn't it? >> absolutely. always enjoy speaking with you. thanks for being with us. >> you are welcome. >> over the past two decades, life expectancy in rural areas has declined. one reason is the prevalence of diabetes. with support from the pulitzer center and in collaboration with the global health reporting

center, or special correspondent reports from the rio grande valley in texas. it is part of our ongoing series, "rural rx." >> dissidents -- it is dinnertime in edinburg, texas. >> she's drinking lemonade, but the lemonade is sugar-free. >> they are watching sugar because as ira has diabetes, diagnosed last fall. >> she just kept picking up every single virus. i was like, we cannot do this anymore. i need to find out what's wrong with my daughter. >> i was getting sick, like super sick. >> she is not in the hospital. >> they found that three months before, her body had stopped making insulin.

looking back at the signs where she was always thirsty, she peed a lot so much, she would get up so much in the middle of the night, and i was like, you need rest, i would never have thought this could happen to her. >> this is the testing strip to test what my blood is. i'm scared that's going to go too high or too low. >> 11% hour 37 million americans have diabetes, and it is an even bigger problem for rural areas. in places like south texas, the percentage of people with diabetes ranges from 15% to 21%. dr. yvonne melendez is a family medicine specialist and top public health official in hit ouko county. -- hit all go -- hidalgo county.

>> we are the most obese, most diabetic, most hypertensive, and average education level of eighth grade. >> in diabetes patients, about 6% have type one, an autoimmune disorder. the vast majority have type two diabetes, which is closely linked to diet and lack of activity. >> remember that type 2 diabetes goes hand-in-hand with obesity. >> across the country, rural children are 26% more likely to be obese. >> add to that the fact that here in the south, there is not too much exercise, either from weather or because the distance is too long and we do not walk

like people in new york, for example. >> hispanic americans are much more vulnerable, far more likely to have type 2 diabetes then non-hispanic whites. >> we have all the factors of diabetes. if you are not at least 20% overweight here, you are considered skinny. we have 70% to 80% carbohydrate diets. it is if you will -- i hate to use the cliche, but it is a perfect storm. >> sylvia garcia is a nurse making home visits. her program run by ut health houston. >> the biggest problem sometimes is poverty because they don't have the money to buy their medicines. >> before gloria cortez was connected with this program, just getting to the doctor was an ordeal. >> to go to the doctor, it took about an hour.

sometimes all day. >> this is a part of the country that if you do not have a vehicle, then it is extremely difficult for you to get around. the public system is murderous. it is just nonexistent. >> diabetes requires constant management. >> how do you get to the pharmacy? how do you get to your doctor? how did you get to the follow-up? >> visiting nurses is one solution. another comes from ut, which sends a mobile unit around the region. >> once a person has it under control, you need to think about the long-term. >> we try to make it to areas that are a little further out, a little bit more rural clinics, rural areas. >> for transportation is not the only challenge. >> i think we are deeper in poverty here than in many places. >> linda nelson is senior director of clinical operations for ut health rio grande valley.

she oversees the mobile unit as well as a network of clinics. >> if we don't have a low cost health system for them, they don't come. a lot of our patients are day laborers. if they don't go to work, they don't get paid. >> you commonly ride to patients who are having to pick between sustaining life for their family or help -- for their family, versus health? >> sure. >> a research project at ut houston found the true proportion is even higher. >> here in the rio grande, more than 50% of the community does not have access to health insurance. 50% is a very high number. >> chemical rate and status can be another barrier to care. many medical providers don't even ask, so they don't scare patients away. >> there were people who did not go to the clinic to pick up medication because they were afraid of being detained. they struggle a lot to get

people to go to their appointments, to get people to go pick up their medications. >> for some families with children, it is a complicated dance, according to deborah who runs the south texas juvenile diabetes association. >> the children may not be undocumented, but the parents are undocumented, so that creates this crazy, you know, distrust of the system. >> undocumented or not, treating chronic illness puts a premium on lifestyle changes. >> healthy vegetables are also a bit more expensive. >> despite being surrounded by farmland, for people here, fresh fruit and vegetables are hard to come by. >> so we started a specialized food pantry, and we have a community garden so we can also educate our families on how to have a healthier lifestyle. >> prevention is key.

>> ivan melendez says for most people, it also takes a change in mindset. >> how did you convince a 42-year-old man with a family of three, all five of them, to go get their diabetes check? how do you feed someone who has eggs and beans and bacon in the morning and a fajita platter at lunch and a hamburger in the evening? it is a lifestyle. so it is a tremendous hurdle. >> diet may not cause type one diabetes, but certain foods can lead to a dangerous spike in blood sugar. when you look around the cafeteria and you see takis and candy, what do you think? ? >> sugar up. >> do your friends know? >> yes. they are like, we support you. we love you. >> she has a much better chance

of beating the odds by catching and treating it early. >> america was introduced to morrie schwartz nearly 30 years ago. the retired sociology professor gained national attention when he spoke with ted koppel about his battle with als, sharing his unflinching and thoughtful reflections on dying. >> sometimes i'm angry and bitter. then i get up and say i want to live, so i have to cry. i have to mourn, but i also have to enjoy the life i have let. >> that series of interviews would later inspire mitch album's best elling book,

"tuesdays with maury -- best-selling book, "tuesdays with morrie." is fun later found -- his son later found a text his father had written but never edited. >> and you discover your dad's manuscript in his desk drawer years after he passed away, what goes through your mind? place i had spoken with my father while he was writing the book. i had been traveling in asia, and i came back to the united states together my thoughts and my things, so i was living at home for three months, and i talked to my father a lot about this book, so it all came rushing back to me what his thoughts were, what his ideas were, and i had not thought about it for decades. 20 years ago that i discovered it or thereabouts, but it was

before that that he was ill, so it was really a blast from the past, and i could just hear his voice ringing through every page, so it was really beautiful. >> how did you arrive at the decision to edit it and ultimately have it published? >> i immediately thought that this was probably something i should do something with, considering the success of "tuesdays with morrie," but it took me a long time to grieve my father. i would say the first five years after he passed away i was unable to properly grieve because i missed him so much, but that's the grieving process. but i edit it in my spare time, and finally i decided, we have to finish this project, get it out the door. >> is this book intended to be a companion to "tuesdays with m orrie," or is the intention and approach fundamentally different? >> the approach is different,

but i do think it is a companion because many of the ideas are similar. that's a very beautiful but very slim volume by mitch, just sort of dipping into my father's ideas. this is much more in depth, much more going deep into my father's thoughts, both in a practical sense and also a psychological sense. he was a professor of social psychology, and you will get that in this book. it is not epidemic -- it is not academic so it's not hard to understand what he is saying, but you'll get a deeper psychological analysis. >> the book is a thoughtful examination of living with greater joy in one's later years. how does he confront the false notion that people are somehow made less by the aging process? >> right. that's exactly what i was just alluding to. he first starts off examining this ageist idea and explaining how poisonous and wrong it is. ages and is just like all of those other things, the

attitudes that people have taken on in the past that are just wrong and poisonous. racism, sexism. ageism is exactly the same thing, devaluing somebody for no good reason, right? just because somebody is elderly does not mean they are any less of a human being, any less valuable, have any less good ideas or creativity, etc. just like the other isms that are really horrible. the beginning of the book, he says, you need to get it of these ideas, and these ideas have also infected us psychologically, so you need to get rid of that. that is also a starting point, and if you need help becoming more creative or becoming more joyous, try this, try that, or try the other thing, and i can explain those ideas, too. >> the chapters in the back of the book focus on the key components of being happy in later life. what are those key components? plex i think as the title suggests, my father wants you to

be creative. he wants you to be joyful, and those components have to do with finding something that interests you, getting involved with society, or even a specialized interest, making stronger connections with your family, your friends. he really is against people withdrawing from society and even more against people being pushed into an old age home and forgotten about. he really wants people to participate in society at large, in the groups that they are interested in, and also, of course, in their family and with their friends. >> he also leaves us with some thoughts to live by. in older age, expect the worst. if it doesn't come, be grateful. in older age, expect the best. if you don't get it, wonder why. old age can be the worst time of our life or the best time of our life. it depends what you do that. it is advice that is insightful and poignant but also really

sober and straightforward. is that who your dad was? >> absolutely. he actually was really filled with kind of a lot of joy and a lot of child-like wonder about the world. he maintained that attitude. we live in an incredible, wondrous world with so many amazing things, and he really was constantly experiencing that. in one sense, that's how i see him. in another sense, you are absolutely correct. he was a deep thinker. he approached things straightforwardly. he did not buy into any ideology . he looked exactly -- he looked at exactly how it affected people's lives and how he could hope to make lives happier or more joyous. >> how did editing this manuscript change what you thought you knew about your father? >> ooh, that is an interesting question. certainly, i never really thought that he would have internalized any kind of ageist ideas. he treated everybody

wonderfully, with respect. in the beginning of the book, you realize he is putting it on himself. he is saying, i had these negative thoughts about aging and elderly people, and i realized i had to expunge this from myself, so he is really laying out something about himself, and i did not really know that about him. he always seemed so young at heart, so maybe it is understandable he did not think of himself as an elderly person, but of course, he was, and that's what he wrote this book. >> thanks so much. >> thank you. >> remember, there's a lot more online at pbs.org/newshour, including a story about long-term plans for monitoring the pollution and health risks posed by the recent train derailment in east palestine,

ohio. >> and that is the "newshour" for tonight. >> thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for the "pbs newshour" has been provided by -- the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of the "newshour." >> q not a proud supporter of public television. the world awaits. a world of flavor, diverse destinations, and immersive experiences. a world of entertainment and british style. >> the ford foundation, working

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