♪ >> tonight on pbs news weekend, why chicago is struggling to house thousands of migrants who cross the southern border. then a look at the lack of research and treatment for menopause. and a new book illustrates the importance of seeing the world through different lenses. >> when we are seeing the world and building our visual record almost exclusively through the lens of male photographers, we are not only missing out on stories those photographers may not have access to, we are teaching the audience those stories don't matter. ♪ >> major funding for pbs news

weekend has been provided by -- >> 25 years, consumer cellular's goal has been to provide wireless service that ups people communicate and connect. we offer no contract plans. visit consumer cellular.tv. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> good evening. the departure of private american citizens from sudan moved forward today. the state department says a second bus convoy organized by the u.s. government has arrived safely in port sudan from khartoum. that brings the total number of evacuated citizens to nearly 1000. fewer than 5000 others remain and are asking for help to leave. there are reports the u.s. navy ship runs a is in port sudan eakly to ferry american citizens to saudi arabia. that has been the destinations of thousands for foreign nationals from other countries. cellphone video shows a crush of people trying to get saudi visas. on sudan's northern border satellite imagery shows buses lined up waiting to enter egypt. for this pakistani man, a sense of relief and sadness. >> i left everything.

all the savings of 13 years i am living here. >> how do you feel? >> just to save my life i am happy. >> this afternoon amid a cease-fire the united nations said the humanitarian situation is reaching a breaking point. general mills is recalling some flour products nationwide after discovering salmonella inome samples. the company's are: 2, 5 and 10 pound bags of gold metal bleached and unbleached all-purpose flour it with a best buy date of 2024. the cdc has not saidhether this is connected to a multistate salmonella outbreak last month. the u.s. army has identified the three soldiers kil thursday's helicopter collision inle ad laska. chief warrant officer christ eramo.op rtrobeofficer kyle kckenna and r

duane wayment were returning from a mission. it was the latest and a string of recent accidents that lead the army to ground all noncritical air operations for safety training. president biden used an annual black-tie gathering of journalists last night to acknowledge their colleagues who had been unjustly imprisoned abroad. he cited evan gershkovich, the wall street journal reporter in a russian prison since march and austin tice who disappeared in syria in 2012. >> journalism is not a crime. evan and austin should be released immediately along with every other american held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad. >> mr. biden also acknowledged marine corps veteran paul whelan who has been in russian prison sinc 2018. still to come, the understudy and under treatment of menopause.

and elevating the work of female and non-binary photographers. >> this is pbs news weekend from w eta studios in washington, home of the pbs newshour weeknights on pbs. >> the migrant crisis has made its way north to chicago. more than 8000 migrants have arrived since last august. that is when texas governor greg abbott began bussing asylum-seekers to so-called sanctuary cities as a protest against immigration policies. chicago officials say the daily arrivals have increased tenfold over the last two weeks and there is no place for all of them to go. while they wait for of beds in city shelters to become available, some are sleeping on floors and a police station lobbies and for a time at chicago's o'hare airport. city officials are saying this is a humanitarian crisis.

heather has been covering it for chicago's public television station wt tw. has this reached crisis levels now or has this been a slow burning problem? >> it is a little bit of both. the problem has ratcheted up significantly in the last 10 days. that is when as you said the number of immigrants arriving in chicago increased significantly. before the last 10 days, about 10 migrants a day were arriving in chicago. now that number is anywhere between 75 and 100 per day. that has really stretched the city's shelter system beyond the breaking point. it had been a slow burning problem since the fall when this reached the first peak. now there is a second peak of this humanitarian crisis according to city officials and there is not enough money or

capacity to house these people who are arriving in chicago with not much more than the clothes on their back. >> does anyone have an idea why this surge is taking place now? >> i think it is a little bit to do with the fact the weather has warmed up and there has been some change in how officials at the border are processing asylum-seekers. and of course, instead of ca for these people in texas and other border states they are being sent to chicago. for the first time on planes. before, they were arriving on buses and the city had set up a system to deal with those arrivals but this has presented new challenges for city officials that were already stretched to the breaking point. they say they cannot do much more because they have yet to get any financial aid from the federal government and have only received $20 million from the

state government which they said they have already spent leaving them with empty pockets to deal with this surge that they did not anticipate happening until after the public health will title 42 is lifted in a couple of weeks so that has also added to the problem. >> the city agencies are bearing the brunt of this. have they asked for help or are they going to get help from either the state or federal government? >> two city council committees held a hearing on friday where city officials said they were pleading with state and federal officials to do more but there is no timeframe for those requests for help to be answered which means the city is going to ask the city council to dip in to the city surplus and set aside $53 million to help care for the immigrants. that assumes the surge will continue at this currentevel and not to significantly greater

which is a pet i don't think anybody is willing to take. this problem is much more likely to get worse than better anytime soon. >> the city is about to have a change of mayors. the new mayor is inaugurated may 15. is that going to complicate things? >> they say it is not going to complicate things because the outgoing administration says they are recorded in closely with mayor elect brendan johnson. this is a difficult time to make sure programs are continuing and nobody is missing a beat. that is certainly an added complication when you have a crisis to the point where people are sleeping in police stations and at the airport prompting a lot of questions from older people who want to know what is being done to address this once again very visible problem in chicago. >> chicago has been an asylum city since mayor washington.

our people beginning to rethink that because of this? >> i don't think so. i think chicago believes this is a crisis as mayor lightfoot has said really created by republican governors including texas governor greg abbott who are trying to make this a political problem where it does not otherwise need to be. there is no sense chicago ends do not want to care for these people but are in fact frustrated the city has fallen behind the eight ball in having the ability to care for these people. if you talk to city officials including mayor lightfoot she says the city is doing everything. this problem is due to lack of funds both by the federal and state government. a politically complicated stance to take because president biden and jevon inc. -- governor jb pritzker of both democrats as is mayor lightfoot and mayor elect

johnson. >> heather sharon from wt tw. thank you very much. >> pleasure to be with you, john. ♪ >> the transition into menopause is an inevitable part of life. for many is accompanied by a range of symptoms including hot flashes, insomnia and weight gain. it continues to be understudied and undertreated. ali rogin has more as a part of our series >>. someone officially entered this the series of life 12 months after their last period. symptoms also begin after perimenopause. it is something many people go through but just one in five ob/gyn residents have any training in it. studies show many menopausal women are not getting any treatment and often don't talk

about it with their doctors. we wanted to find out more about why the stage of life is frequently ignored especially in the united states and why getting treatment for its symptoms is often such an afterthought. i'm joined by the director of the mayo clinic center for women's health and the medical director for the north american menopause society which promotes women's health during midlife and beyond. thank you so much for joining us. for something as so ubiquitous as menopause why is it so stigmatized? >> i think it has been stigmatized in the past because it is so tied to aging. the mean age of menopause in the united states is 52 so i think that is part of it. it is also a mysterious women's event and just like menstrual cycles and puberty and all of the sort of thing, pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, it has been one of those things that is not as talked about but it is doubly so for menopause because

it is tied to aging. menopause does have that stigma. if you look up google imes of menopause you see harried, hot, angry women. that is not the reality f most of us but it does have a negative stigma. >> you mentioned angry, hot, sweaty. let's talk about what the symptoms tend to be and what sort of treatments are available. >> the typical symptoms of menopause and let's just say some women have none. the lucky few that have none. most women will have some symptoms and the most common are motor symptoms which are hot flashes and night sweats. a lot of women have sleep disturbances in mood disturbances like irritability and anxiety. there also someone's many people don't necessarily associate with menopause like joint aches, palpitations. >> and even still, we found 12021 study that said 73% of women are not getting the

treatment they need further menopause symptoms. why is that? >> not everyone needs treatment for the menopause symptoms but for those women who do have symptoms women end up in bunch of different doctors offices and are not necessarily putting it together this is menopause related. when they do end up in a physician's office, there sometimes dismissed as -- they were told there symptoms are not important or bothersome enough to be managed. >> a related element seems to be there is not a lot of training happening in menopause management. why is it so understudd? >> i think that is a great question. we published a study a few years ago on how much training medical residents who were getting and those were residents in internal medicine, family medicine and ob/gyn and the bottom line is none of those programs were receiving much in the way of education on menopause.

about one to two hours at most. the majority of those residents felt uncomfortable managing menopause when they graduated their programs. but also i think many physicians feel there is not anything to do about the symptoms. i think the women's health initiative has contributed to this that there is a big fear of hormone therapy. >> you mentioned the women's health initiative. can you explain briefly what that was and the impact it had on the treatment of menopause? > the women's health engine type study looked at women between the ages of 50 and 79 years of age. their gl was to see if hormone therapy was good for chronic disease prevention. that is the way it was designed. the women answering the trial were not necessarily and for the most part did not have menopause symptoms at the time. they carried on the study for several years and after five years in 2002 the combination therapy arm was stopped due to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer.

there are a number of concerns raised about it at the problem with this study is that the mean age of the women in the study was 63 years of age which is not the age of the women we commonly see in our offices having trouble with menopause symptoms. the results were analyzed by the entire group at one time and not a decade of life. the key findings were a little bit misleang initially. > what was the result once those findings were released? >> when the findings were released, there was a dramatic drop-off in hormone therapy use rates in the united states such that we went from roughly 40% of women using hormone therapy postmenopausal to roughly 4% and that has not rebounded much since then. >> how does the medical field need to change to better serve patients going through menopause? >> we need to educate providers

on what can be done about menopause symptoms. not everyone needs hormone therapy but providers should be comfortable with undstanding the risks and benefits of hormone therapy and who would be a good candidate for it as well as the non-hormonal options we have for management of menopause symptoms. >> stephanie fabian with the mayo clinic and the american menopause society. thank you for your time. ♪ >> the world of photojournalism has always been dominated by men which means front page photos and images of other world events are seen from a male perspective. one 2018 survey found worldwide, only 18% of photojournalists were women. women photograph is a nonprofit group working to elevate more female and non-binary photographers. they published a new book called what we see, women and

non-binary perspectives through the lens. it includes 100 images from up and comers and industry veterans. daniela saltzman is one of the founders. in the introduction to the book you write that photojournalists are test with the unique privilege. teaching others how to see. why are so many, the vast majority of people teaching us how to see white western males and what is the effect of that? >> i think photojournalists remains a classist industry. it is difficult to graduate with a university program with student debt with no access to generational wealth and then think about becoming a freelance photojournalist to where you may have to invest $10,000 into gear and not have any kind of job security to hope you can work the best newspapers and magazines in the country said i can say the impact of that is a huge ethical crisis because when

we are seeing the world and building our visual record almost exclusively through the lens of male photographers, mill photojournalists, we are not only missing out on stories those photographers may not have access to, we are missing out to stories they don't think should be prioritized and we are teaching our audience those stories don't matter. making sure the documentary photography community is as diverse as the communities we hope to cover is critical. >> let's get to some of the photos from the book the first one is family bonding. >> this is a photograph from a filipina photographer based in the united states. she worked as a domestic worker and her mother continues to work as a domestic worker in hong kong. this is a photograph of her own family. something we wanted to address in the book is a lot of work is outsiders and we are having nuance conversations about the

fact that we need inside and outside perspectives for holistic and meaningful journalism. for the longest time almost all photojournalists have worked as outsiders. >> the next one is a project called eternal days. >> i think this is an incredible example of an image we might not have seen in mainstream media without the attention of a woman photographer. this is documentation of a women's prison in venezuela should you can see the living conditions are very grim. women do not necessarily have access to justice at the speed which they should. they are crammed into the cells. in this instance with 22 women living in one small space and between access and interest and hoping to focus on the story without her work we might not ever hear about these women should >> talk about the choice between black-and-white which was the first picture we saw and color. this is a grim situation in this

women's prison but vibrant colors. >> that is a very intentional choice that makes images feel sometimes a little more calm but i think it is important to remember even when you are working in grim situations images don't have to just convey trauma. i think there are aspects of the photograph that even while these are women in prison and a very serious habituation's -- serious situations the photo is about family and the ways ty are coming together to survive. >> the next photo is called portrait for a. >> this is a long-term project that the photographer has worked on for years. it is about sex trafficking of young girls between india and bangladesh. something photojournalist have to contend with on a day-to-day basis is how do we make sure we are centering the safety of the people who trust us with their stories. in this particular case these are girls.

they are under age. they have dealt with trafficking and sexual trauma. it was of utmost importance that she make sure she protect the identity and image of everyone of these women she was trusted to photographnd i think she did a very powerful job. >> the next images from afghanistan. it is called mayhem. > this is a classic example of a space a male conflict photographer would not have been able to gain access to. she has worked in afghanistan for years. in 2020 one with taliban retaking control land targeting women, girls and women's education in particular this is an image taken any of the school bombing. she was able to walk into the space. with her knowledge of the community and the culture was able to make this photograph of women mourning their children, their daughters. >> this is an image and man

cannot have captured because of the culture. it is a different situation if a man walked in. >> or it may not have existed at all. it is likely a man would have been physically barred from entering that space. we want to hear stories from those spaces we need to make sure women are behind the lens as well. >> the next one is the flying chili toes. >> this is a brazilian photographer who came to the story. these are women who created this incredible reversal where they have taken clothing that was part of the colonial imposition i were forced to wear when they worked in service to colonizers and now they use them as these powerful decorative costumes as they fight. it is both this otherworldly and spectacularly beautiful and kind

of funny image i think it is a wonderful moment of levity. >> it is a great one. the next one was taken in kenya. it is called last act. >> this is from a ugandan photographer who has lived all over east africa and is an incredible photographer. she speaks explicitly in the book about how she wanted to subvert the imagery she is so used to of particularly outside photographers coming and support communities in east africa and making photographs that we have seen before of young children in poor neighborhoods, in nairobi, ken pollock. these are two young girls doing ballet which see comments is very often associated with upper-class children and children of privilege but they are having this wonderful happy experience and that can define their identity as well. >> tell me about the organization you founded, women photograph. >> women photograph is a nonprofit i created in 2017. we have 1400 women and

non-binary members based in 120 countries. we are a grantmaking organization. we hold skills building workshopannually. we run a mentorship program for early career photojournalists. my cocreator is part of that team alongside malory benedict. >> the book is what we see. women and non-binary perspectives through the lens. one of the curators is daniela. thank you very much. >> thank you so much for having me. ♪ >> and that is pbs news weekend for the sunday. i'm john yang. for all of my colleagues, thanks for joining us. have a good week. >> major funding for a pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> for 25 years consumer cellular has been offering no contract wireless plans designed to help people do a more -- do more of what they like. our customer service team can help find a plan that fits you.

to learn more, visit consumer cellular.tv. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] ♪ >> you are watching

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