>> on "the newshour," tonight, a new york jury finds former president trump liable for sexual abuse. >> president biden meets with congressional leaders of both parties as the u.s. runs up against the deadline to raise the debt ceiling and avoid default. >> and community colleges look to boost graduation rates by paying for students' expenses well beyond tuition. >> it will look like economic growth and upward mobility for this region. as soon as they graduate, it changes the whole trajectory of their lives.

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>> welcome to "the newshour." a new york jury has found former president trump liable for sexually abusing a columnist at a department store in the 1990's and later defaming her but stopped short of saying mr. trump raped her. question jurors deliberated for only a few hours before delivery their verdict and awarding carol millions of dollars. carol did not talk about said in a statement, "i filed this lawsuit against donald trump to clear my name and get my life back. today, the world finally knows the truth. mr. trump responded on his truth social platform saying, "i have absolutely no idea who this woman is. this verdict is a disgrace, a continuation of the greatest witchhunt of all time." mr. trump's lawyers say they will appeal the verdict.

the professor of sociology at northwestern university and attorney and researcher with the american bar foundation joins us along with pbs' correspondent who covered the case. describe for us what the moment was like an specifically if you had any reaction from e. jean carroll herself. >> just after 3:00, the jury filed into the courtroom. the for woman stood up. the judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict. she said they had. an envelope was passed over to the judge, and there had been a verdict change -- even though there were only two counts, the jury had to answer 10 questions. the first was did the jury find by a preponderance of evidence that trump had raped carroll, and the answer was no, but the second question was if the jury found by the preponderance of evidence that he had sexually abused carroll, and the answer

was yes. there were questions about damages, about defamation. he said it was a con job and a hoax, and the jury said yes, there was defamation, yes, there was actual malice, and said trump had to pay $5 million. the judge had instructed everyone, no outbursts, don't get up, don't say anything, so the lawyers were quiet, as was carroll, who look straight ahead, but there were a number of young law student from the firm that represented carroll, who began weaving. >> she has long claimed mr. trump shoved her against a wall in a department store dressing room and raped her in the 1990's. the jury decided she was sexually abused by him but not raped. how should we look at that distinction? >> the distinction in law is about penetration. what we know that he has spent -- he has been found liable for

is touching, grabbing, groping, for his own sexual pleasure against her will. in a way, it is a distinction without a difference. somebody who is willing to do one over the objection of a victim is probably willing to do the other, but from a legal standpoint, it is a different charge. >> the defamation verdict andrea just mentioned, the jury finding that carroll proved she was injured. what does that mean about the legal bar that was met in this trial? >> the defamation burden of proof is higher than the finding of liability for sexual battery, so this was -- they found by clear and convincing evidence that donald trump had defamed her, so it is a higher standard. it means they are more sure that that actually happened versus preponderance of evidence, which is a 51% standard, but it goes to show that these stories we

tell about what rape victims would do if they were really raped are not being believed anymore, and you cannot just assert listings about survivors of sexual assault. >> you have covered mr. trump for years. many women have accused him over those years of sexual misconduct. he has always denied those allocations. does this case being sexually pursued -- he has always denied those allegations. does this case being successfully pursued open up the possibility of more of those cases? >> trump has been accused by many women, including many describing similar circumstances , engaging in lighthearted behavior, bantering, then suddenly pushing them against the wall, groping them, violating their personhood by proceeding. in fact, two other victims

describe what had happened at this trial that the judge said the jury could use to buttress her credibility. there was a situation where we have always said there were accusations and he had denied them, and he is still denying them, but the significant thing is that a jury has found him liable. a jury has decided there was no con job, there was no hoax, that this happened, and that is significantly moving the needle. this case was filed under a new new york law cup the adult survivors act which allows women from november 2022 to november 2023 to sue civilly when they are no longer allowed to prosecute criminally under the statute of limitations. i don't victims have until next november -- this is the first case that has gone to trial, and it is hard to predict behavior, but certainly, women or men who are considering filing cases now have an example of a positive outcome in the e. jean carroll

case for their claims. >> we have to underscore here we are talking about a former president in this case. e. jean carroll was just awarded $5 million by the jury here. more broadly, when you look at the case and how it unfolded, what does this say about how courts will look at similar cases, sexual assault, sexual violence cases when you have the word of one pitted up against the word of the other? >> there's an increasing awareness, understanding, and belief that powerful men can also be section or a -- sexual offenders. as an increased understanding and awareness that victims do not follow this one script for what legitimate rape victims do, and with that understanding, there are going to be more

claims, both civilly and criminally, and i hope it emboldens survivors of sexual assault to hold their abusers accountable. >> this is a former president who is also running again for the office of president. in addition to the statement you saw earlier, his campaign has put out a statement calling this a political witch hunt and political endeavor. we have less than a minute left. what do you think we see from former president trump when it comes to this case? >> the jury certainly found otherwise. this is the first time he himself has been found liable, so we are now once again with trump in unprecedented territory of having a candidate who wants to occupy the white house who has been found by a jury liable for a sexual assault, and we will certainly be dealing with that for the duration, for as long as he is in the campaign describing that behavior for this presidential aspirant.

>> thank you both. >> thank you. >> in the day's other headlines, federal prosecutors reportedly filed criminal charges against freshman congressman george santos. there's no word on what the charges are. the new york republican has been widely condemned for lying about his background and past accomplishments. there have also been questions about his campaign finances. russia celebrated victory day marking the defeat of nazi germany in world war ii, but the day's events were sharply downsized or canceled outright as the russian military struggles in ukraine. nick schifrin reports. >> the pump -- the pomp, pageantry, and patriotism of

russia's secular holiday victory day commemorates an 80-year-old soviet victory. russian president vladimir putin claimed today's russia faces an existential threat, and it is fighting it in eastern ukraine. >> the civilization is once n at aecisiveni point. real war has been waged against our motherland, but we have her but -- we have rebuffed international terrorism. >> but there was a lot less security on display this year. the artillery and air defense were all apparently in use in ukraine, and the only tank that drove into red square was 80 years old, a far cry from last year's show of force. even the russian faith on notice. >> this this week. -- this is weak. >> the procession we saw in 2017 commemorating those killed in world war ii felt by every

russian family. not like today when the names and numbers of those killed in ukraine are often kept secret. russia also marked today's victory day by firing more missiles at kyiv, which shot most of them down. but today is also your update, and the ukrainian president hosted the european commission president, who offered no progress on ukraine's eu bid but a vision of europe that includes ukraine and excludes russia. >> they are afraid of the success you are experiencing and the example you show, and they are afraid of your path to the european union. >> our quest for a united europe and peace need to be as strong as russia's desire to destroy our unity, our freedom, our europe. >> as russia celebrated the past, ukraine welcomed its

future integrated into the west. >> also today, the u.s. announced a new installment of long-term aid to bolster ukraine air defenses totaling $1.2 billion. the u.s. justice department says it has disrupted a russian spyware campaign that lasted 20 years. federal prosecutors said russian software known as snake infected computers and stole secrets in dozens of countries. they say a new operation this week has effectively crippled the russian effort. in the middle east, israeli airstrikes killed three senior commanders of islamic jihad in gaza earlier today. palestinian officials said 10 others also died, including children. the strikes lit up the night sky with explosions at an apartment building and two homes. at midday, hundreds ostinns h al procession and armed groups vowed to respond. hours later, the israelis set another airstrike killed two militants calling missiles in gaza.

violent protests corrupted today across pakistan after an khan on corruption charges. video from the scene showed troops in riot gear dragging the opposition leader into an armored car in islamabad this morning. that touched off clashes between protesters and security forces with at least one person killed and dozens hurt. con -- khan's supporters say the charges are baseless. >> we were not expecting them to arrest khan, who is such a dearly beloved leader. we had not thought even they would cross that medline. we are calling on our leadership to come out in every street, every alley, every town. >> is the violence escalated, authorities blocked internet and social media in the capital and other cities. in this country, a two-day sentencing hearing began in texas for army sergeant daniel perry, who killed an armed black lives matter protesters in 2020. perry was convicted of murder

last month and could get a life sentence. the case drew new attention after republican governor greg abbott said he intends to pardon perry. on wall street, stocks edged lower as investors waited for tomorrow's inflation report. the dow jones industrial average lost about 57 point. the nasdaq fell 77 points. the s&p 500 gave up 19. still to come, new guidelines recommend earlier mammogram screenings to combat a rise in breast cancer among younger women. a congressman discusses the change to immigration policy that is putting pressure on border towns, and texas warns the victims of a mass shooting as the gunman's extremist views come to life -- come to light. >> this is "the pbs newshour" from seta -- weta studios in washington and in the west, from walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state

university. >> president biden met today congressional leaders in an effort to avoid an unprecedented default. the u.s. may be unable to pay its bills come june if both sides cannot arrive at a deal to raise the debt limit. republicans are demanding school reforms in exchange for raising the debt ceiling while democrats maintain any discussion of future spending must be separate from paying for private -- prior deaths. here's what both sides had to say. >> the house has raised the debt ceiling in a responsible manner, curb overspending at the same time, bring us economic growth. i asked the president this simple question -- does he not believe there is any place we can find savings? the disagreements are wide and anyone who says my way or no way and we are going to default is not serving the country well, and i'm afraid that is what speaker mccarthy is saying. >> laura baran lopez is at the white house and lisa desjardins joins us.

it still sounds like a stalemate. what is the word from the white house after this meeting wrap? >> there has been very little movement. right after the meeting ended, democratic and republican leaders came out and said that they agreed with the white house that staff would start talking as early as this evening if not tomorrow, would continue talks around the budget and appropriations process, but when it comes to the debt limit and how exactly they are going to move forward on it, there has been little change. the white house position is still this -- that they want a clean debt ceiling increase first. they say the country needs to avoid a default and economic disaster and that they are open to separate budget talks, but they are no on a short-term extension. speaker mccarthy did at that the principles -- the principals are likely to meet this coming friday, but the white house has

not confirmed that. >> mitch mcconnell said the election had consequences and that the president has no choice but to negotiate with the house speaker. >> you can always tell when kevin mccarthy is confident because he takes a lot of questions. he spent have as much time talking to reporters as he did inside the meeting from the white house. the line from republicans that they will use again and again is that the house has in fact passed an extension of the debt ceiling. of course, it is part of the package of spending cuts that the biden administration completely refuses to sign onto and which they think is dangerous, but mccarthy will say, can the senate even pass a debt ceiling increase? meanwhile, to the points that laura raised from the white house, republicans say they do not want any clean debt ceiling increase, a start contrast, that they instead believe that in

addition to default, long-term debt is a crisis that they believe democrats are not paying enough attention to. they would like -- fact, they insist budget talks be part of this negotiation, complete opposite of the white house. one thing we learned today the two sides appear to agree on is no short-term deal. speaker mccarthy told that to reporters today. that actually is not a great sign because they are running out of time, as you know. mccarthy says just two weeks in his estimation to try to figure out a framework here. >> if house republicans are dug in and there are not 60 votes in the senate to do a clean lift of the debt ceiling, how are democrats aiming to get there? what is the plan? what is the strategy? >> democrats, as you know, cannot really pass it clean debt ceiling increase without republican votes in the senate. that is why they are repeating over and over again that in the past the way this has been done is by a bipartisan vote, that republicans have joined democrats in the past nine to do a clean increase to the debt limit.

majority leader schumer today spoke to reporters just after the meeting, saying that under former president trump, that democrats joined republicans during those years at least three times to increase the debt limit, and that was also at a time when republicans' bills increased deficits by more than $3 trillion under former president trump, so arguing against this republican talking point that essentially they are concerned about deficit spending . >> of the three of us, you are the congressional mathematician. walk us through the potential math here. >> always fun to try this for tv. but to talk more about what laura was mentioning, let's look at where we are in terms of the need of getting something into law to raise this debt ceiling. first of all, as many of our viewers no, let's start with the

house republicans. they have just a four-vote majority. speaker mccarthy not only needs a deal that president biden can sign on to, but one his entire conference basically can also agree to, but democrats see opportunity. they wonder if it cannot pick off five votes from republicans to have some sort of compromise at the last minute. senate democrats have just that one-vote majority right now. in the senate, you need 60 votes for any debt ceiling increase. there's often more of a bipartisan mood in the senate, as you say, more of a dinner party atmosphere. not this time. senate republicans are really backing speaker mccarthy. here's a letter that 43 senate republicans signed over the weekend. i want to read to you what they said about this negotiation. they said they will not be voting for cloture, meaning they will not be breaking a filibuster on any deal that raises the debt ceiling without substantive spending cuts and budget reform.

we have been through this before. leader mcconnell, when he was leader of the senate, also said he would not change anything without budget reforms. he did in fact end up having a debt ceiling increase without those reforms, but every negotiation is different, and right now i'm a republicans in congress are quite united. >> looking at the white house schedule, president biden is headed to new york tomorrow to deliver a speech on the debt ceiling. why new york and what is he going to say? >> the president is headed to hudson valley, new york, where republican mike waller flipped a democratic district that the president won in 2020. that house republican will be joining president biden at that event. i asked the white house press secretary what the president's message would be, and she had this to say. >> the president is going to be very clear about what is at stake, the impact of the current discussions we are having. the impact of this budget and

this default that house republicans have connected. he's going to make it very clear this is going to hurt american families. it's going to hurt our economy and hurt american families. >> the white house press secretary added that the president will be talking about the cuts to veterans' benefits that the republican bill that was passed a few weeks ago would inflict, including some job losses at veterans affairs. >> what has to happen to break this stalemate at this point? >> the talking point about veterans affairs is deeply pushed back by republicans, but i think right now we are watching wall street. democrats are hoping maybe wall street starts making noises about credit ratings. but something needs to happen to move politicians. >> more to come. great to see you both.

>> new guidelines out today say women should begin getting regular mammograms every two years starting at the age of 40 if they are at average risk of cancer. that is a significant change from previous guidance by the u.s. preventative services task force that said women could start routine mammograms at the age of 50. stephanie sy focuses on what you need to know. stephanie: this change comes after an increase in diagnoses of breast cancer among younger patients and an alarming number of deaths among black women who are already 40% more likely to die from breast cancer. more than 43,000 women died of cancer in the u.s. each year. the new guidelines would cover more than 20 million women between 40 and what he nine years old who might be at risk, but women with a family history and genetic risk of breast cancer are advised to get screened earlier.

to help spell out the details of the guidance, i'm joined by the immediate past chair of the united states preventive services task force and professor of medicine and public health at ucla. thank you so much for joining "the newshour." among the reactions i'm hearing to your task force's new guidelines are finally, other groups other than the american cancer society have been recommending mammograms for women in their 40's for years, but your task force has said for years women should wait until 50. >> actually, your task force says -- our task force says we should use mammogram selectively for women in their 40's, but when the exclusive signs, we are able to extend that recommendation to all women.

if women are able to do this, it will cause a reduction in death from breast cancer have about 20%. importantly, you mentioned that black women have a 40% higher chance of dying of breast cancer, so this recommendation is very important for them. they actually would have the most benefit from starting screening at 40 and using screening every other year. this is not going to totally take care of that terrible inequality. when you think about breast cancer care, starts with screening, diagnosis, access to state-of-the-art treatments, and there are deficits in health equity along that whole pathway, so we have to improve all of that before we see a similar mortality for black women as for white women. >> is their new evidence that shows why women in their 40's in particular, are seeing higher

rates of breast cancer? >> there really is not. we have an extremely urgent call for research in our recommendation to better understand what is driving this change. >> should women still be concerned about the consequences of over screening? experts were saying not long ago that over screening was leading to unnecessary treatment, even harmful treatment. are you seeing now that the benefits outweigh those risks? justlear that up for us. >> the task force always balances the benefits and the risk as we see it in the medical efforts. we are certain that the benefits far outweigh the risks if you use mammography every other year . if you decide to have annual testing and you are at average risk, that means you're going to

have twice as many false positives. some of those, a small amount, could end up in a situation where a woman is diagnosed with cancer and she does not actually have it. these are harms that need to be balanced against finding more and earlier breast cancer. it might help with surviving and being healthy longer. >> there still seem to be a lot of unanswered questions. women over 74, for example, they don't know if they should keep doing mammograms. women like me, with dense breast tissue, that's about 40% of women -- they don't know if a mammogram is enough to detect cancer. should we know more about breast cancer, a disease that affects i believe one in eight women, than we know now? >> we absolutely should. to your first point, women over the age of 74 have been excluded

from clinical trials, and we definitely need more research in that group to know if stopping at 74 is really the right number. for women with dense breasts, which happens to be about half the women in united states, we also have an urgent call for moreesearch on what is the best supplemental test to get, when to start getting that test, and how often to get it. from if you're talking about ultrasound or mri, those questions are really unanswered at this point. >> we all know someone touched by breast cancer. i made my appointment for my mammogram today. thank you. >> you're welcome. >> last night, police in brownsville, texas, charge

george alvarez with eight counts of manslaughter after his suv slammed into a crowd of migrants waiting outside a shelter, killing eight people and injuring 10 others. similar shelters throughout texas have been overwhelmed as more and more migrants are crossing the border as the u.s. prepares to end title 42, a policy link to the pandemic that it to quickly expel migrants. here to talk about what ending title 42 means for this community as well as the impact of the fatal car collision, were joined by democratic congressman vincent, whose district includes brownsville -- we are joined by democratic congressman vicente gonzalez. you have said that daily crossings from mexico could climb as high as 13,000, more than doubled the number in march, and many of the migrants are coming through brownsville from mexico. are you prepared? is brownsville prepared?

do you have the resources and infrastructure you need? >> we have done a lot of work preparing. cbp has done all the work they can to get ready. ngo's and catholic charities have done a lot of work in preparation of a massive surge, but i have to say we can never be prepared enough, and i wish we had another 30 days to build up infrastructure, and i think we also need to work with countries like guatemala and mexico to do their share in slowing the migration and coming up with ideas where we can process migrants far away from our southern border. as you may know, i have been pushing a safe zone act, which does just that, creating zones in guatemala and other countries where migrants can ask for asylum at that juncture and if they are going to ultimately be let in under the standards we now use at the southern border, we should allow them to reach

their destination. it allows law enforcement to do their job and eliminates a lot of the cartels from the equation. >> why are you convinced that that will work? there are advocates who point out that the process of claiming asylum in country takes years. it takes two to three years on average, and for people fleeing abject poverty, for people fleeing violence, they don't have two or three years to wait? >> they can go to a neighboring country or another country. the vast majority of people who are asking for asylum on our southern border is because of poverty, and a lot of them have been consumed into the economy of mexico and other countries that they tread through. their goal is to ultimately get to the united states, and i definitely understand it, but we need to do it in an orderly and humane way.

those while thousands of miles through mexico and struggle with cartels and get extorted, it is not really humane. i think we need to build infrastructure far over border, and ultimately, if we are going to allow asylum-seekers into the country, allow them in from that juncture. it is the most orderly, humane, and safe way to do it. >> there are people who say that the right to apply for asylum on u.s. soil is sacrosanct, but what i hear you say is that is no longer practical. >> i think our asylum laws are antiquated. they are 70 years on the books and do not really adapt to the days we are living now. ultimately, we have people from all over the world coming to our southern border asking for asylum, and small communities like brownsville and laredo and even el paso do not have the resources to act as the federal

government would, and we don't have massive safety centers for potentially hundreds of thousands of people showing up at once. i had a conversation with the president of guatemala a few days ago. i know there's about 200 30,000 people on the other cited the border now. there's about 60,000 making their way here. he told me there's about 200,000 coming through central america. it is a massive amount of people that if they all show up at one time, i don't know that we have the resources in place and infrastructure in place to deal with it properly. >> the brownsville community is still reeling from the incident this past weekend when a man plowed his suv into a number of people, eight people, mostly men from venezuela, died. what more can you share with us about the findings of the investigation as it comes together, and how are folks in

brownsville processing all this? >> our hearts and prayers have gone out to the families of the eight venezuelans and the 10 who have an injured, who were casualties of the confusion and overstressed area along the border right now. there is nothing to show that this was a hate crime or anything other than an accident. apparently the driver might have been under the influence of alcohol or drugs. i don't believe it was intentional, and we are still listening to law enforcement reports that are coming out, but the last -- but that's the last report that i received, and it looks like it was just a tragic accident. >> our thoughts are certainly with those affected. thank you so much for your time. >> thank you.

>> we are learning new and disturbing details about the racist and dangerous beliefs of the shooter in allen, texas, who took eight lives and wounded at least seven others when he went on a rampage saturday at a shopping mall. >> first, we want to focus on the victims and take a moment to remember the lives lost in that attack, the 200 mass shooting of this year. two families lost multiple loved ones, including several children. >> one family lost three of four family members. the only surviving member of the family is six-year-old william, who just celebrated his birthday. according to an emily friend, -- family friend, cindy use her body to shield him from the danger of an evil monster.

fourth-grader daniela mendoza and second-grader sofia mendoza were students at cox elementary. the school principal described the sisters as rays of sunshine. their uncle wrote on the family's gofundme page, the girls have left a void that nothing in the world can ever fill. please pray for their mom, my sister. kristen had worked as a security guard at the allen outlet mall. his grandmother posted to facebook saying he was such a beautiful soul, 20 years old with goals for his future. i was so proud of him. 20 sexual born in india, graduated from eastern michigan university in 2020 and was working as a civil engineer at the dallas area firm perfect general contractors. the company ceo told reporters she was always prepared to give her very best.

she came to the united states with the dreams of making a career. the texas department of public safety identified the eighth victim as a 32-year-old of dallas's details have not yet confirmed -- whose details have not yet been confirmed. >> the shooter or an extremist insignia and left behind a social media trail of whites of premises beliefs. authorities confirmed his neo-nazi affiliations, but were cautious to say if he was targeting anyone specifically for their race, age, or ethnicity when carrying out the attack. he joins a growing list of individuals with far right extremist views who commit acts of mass gun violence. an expert on all of this, including the white supremacist movement, joins me now to discuss what she has uncovered about the gunman. welcome back. you have been doing your own investigating into the gunman's background. what does the evidence show you about the kinds of groups he was linked with? what were his beliefs?

>> he was actually deep into the world of white supremacy and neo-nazi-ism. he was on websites like the daily stormer that were connected with this. he had read a race war novel that inspired the oklahoma city bombing, and he left 10 years' worth of diary entries that are filled with the worst heat you can imagine against jews, muslims, lgbtq people, and others. >> there are reports he was wearing an rwds patch on the day of the attack. what does that mean? >> it stands for right wing death squad, which is a reference to the chilean dictator, pinochet's time in office where he had death squads that killed communists, which he perceived as his enemies, and threw them out helicopters. people in right wing movements like the proud boys where these

patches proudly and celebrate that time in chilean history. they like the idea of death squads. the idea is spread all throughout the internet as a meme you see in whites of premises and other extremist groups. what we have any idea when or how he began to be radicalized to hold these views? >> the diary entries actually go back to when he was in high school or at least he refers to being in rotc, and refers to doing things like salutes to hitler's at that time and being criticized by a teacher and talks again about his very short stint as the army before they threw him out, and meeting white supremacists and becoming a white supremacist at the time. this is a long process going back to at least 2008 hour 2009. >> thought is have identified the gunman as a 33-year-old man named mauricio garcia, who is not white, and it is confusing

to many howard person of color could hold white supremacist views. >> he writes in his diary of a period of self-loathing where he hated the fact that he was hispanic. people should understand that the attraction of white supremacy can cross race. people want to be identified with what they consider, especially if they were radicalized like this individual, the most powerful institutions of society. he's not the only one. the head of the proud boys who was just convicted for seditious conspiracy related to january 6, is an afro-cuban, and there are other examples, such as its very naive to think that somebody cannot choose to have a different ethnicity to identify as white and be involved in these movements just because they were born of a different ethnicity, and people should understand that. >> allen, texas, is a very diverse area. collin county is home to texas'

largest and fastest growing population of minority groups. would someone who holds these kinds of use and has a proclivity for violence, with a target an area like this? >> yeah, we don't know exactly what the motive of this individual was, but it is possible given this history of white supremacy and deep hatred for so many minority populations that he may have chosen the mall for that reason. that is not evident in his writing's, but he does scope out the mall and layout plans for the attack in those writing's. we just don't know the exact motive. >> we report often about the connection between online hateful rhetoric and real-world violence. we have any knowledge, any statistics about how quickly these kinds of mass attacks or mass shootings are carried out by people who hold these far right extremist views? do we know that? >> well, we have had several

major attacks -- for example, the tree of life synagogue in pittsburgh, the el paso walmart shooting from a few years ago, last year, the shooting at a buffalo supermarket that targeted black people, where the individuals involved were radicalized online, and they all believe something that this shooter also believed, that there is some kind of a great replacement going on, white people being displaced by people of color and immigrants, often viewed as something being driven by jews or globalists, so the online space is probably the biggest factor in causing people to be radicalized into violence. >> thank you so much for joining us tonight, helping us to understand this a little bit better. thank you for your time. >> thank you. >> community colleges can be a catapult to economic mobility, dramatically increasing earnings and almost all of them are open

admission, but most of the students that start degree programs do not complete them on time, and many do not finish at all. we have this report on a program spreading nationally to increase community college graduation rates as part of our series open rethinking college." >> leslie henderson is about halfway going associates degree at culinary arts. >> when i'm in the kitchen, i'm in my zone. i love it. >> the 28-year-old is on campus three days a week. she takes a full-time course load and balances school with a part-time job and being a single mom to a 12 and five-year-old. >> i'm here from 9:00 in the morning until 6:00 p.m. sometimes. >> he cannot cook over zoom. >> i cannot cook over zoom, so i'm here. it does get stressful. it is a lot of hours. >> but despite balancing all those commitments, henderson is on track to finish her degree in

two years, a feat that less than 20% of community college students manage in the united states. she says a big reason is being in a program called c, state, accelerate. >> we are able to mitigate some of those barriers and make the road just a little bit easier. >> the program is open to full-time pell-grant eligible students, meaning they come from lower income household, and covers all tuition and fees not covered by financial aid. primarily funded with philanthropic donations, the program costs about 1007 hundred $50 per student per year. >> when i graduate, i won't bow anything. it is like to get to be true. i cannot believe it, but that's one of the greatest -- that's the selling point, and everything else is a bonus to the package. >> those bonuses include help with books, gas, and even the occasional emergency expense,

which makes a huge difference for henderson who lives in dayton, ohio, and commutes each way. >> i had a flat tire, so i have been borrowing my mom's car to get here, and they offered to help me get my car fixed. with that, it is a load off my back because i was wondering, like, what am i going to do? >> each student program gets access to a counselor called a triage coordinator. >> of triage coordinators are like your own personal life coach, if it's just two of my supposed to be talking to now, what are my next steps, what should i be doing? or i just need a lift me up, more than an accountability partner or coach, they are your person. >> for me, they are honestly second parents. they have been there for me when i was at my lowest. i don't know where i would be without them. >> mickey harris is studying electrical engineering

technology and will finish an associates degree next may after four years. the military and a couple of failed attempts at college. >> college has always been really, really hard for me. i did well in high school, but high school and college are two different things. kind of controlling my own schedule and scheduling my classes and figuring out where things lie and what i wanted to do for the rest of my life is very intimidating. >> harris credits the program with getting on track. >> they have helped me not only emotionally and financially, but they have just been such a big family to me. >> the accelerate program here at cincinnati state is not a new idea. it was modeled on a program from new york city that showed so much progress that we told you about it seven years ago. only 17% of cuny full-time college students get a degree in

four years. her asap students, the rate is 57 persons. -- vicki 7%. since we visited in 2016 -- the rate is 57%. since we visited in 2016, and has only grown. as asap has expanded, those who are in the program graduate within three years at more than double the rate of those who are not. >> there's millions of community college students and about 1000 community colleges in the country, so this program could be a game changer for students around the country. >> alex is the director of post secondary education at a nonprofit research organization that has performed randomized controlled studies on the asap model to test its effectiveness. >> this approach really gives

very high confidence that the program is working. we police findings after eight years, and the students are continuing to graduate at higher rates than the students in the control group. >> we wanted to test the evidence, meaning we wanted to test how effective this model has been, and we wanted to see these findings hold in other implementation context such as in ohio, and that's really where we started with our replication work. >> versions were rolled out at three ohio community colleges including cincinnati state in 2013. while there was some adaptation allowed -- gas cards instead of public transportation cards, for instance, the idea was to maintain the fidelity of the model. >> we knew what we were doing was making a difference. we heard it from the students. we saw that -- we saw it at our commencement, but to actually

get the validated study was really awesome. >> like in new york, students in the demonstration programs at ohio graduated at nearly double the rate as those not in the program, but despite the success of cincinnati state, accelerate wound down in 2018 after their three-year study was over. >> we had to stop the program. we just did not have the funds in the institution to continue it. >> community colleges, they are doing at lot for their students, but they are typically underfunded. the challenge is being able to support the community colleges that emblem at the program and to implement what we know has been effective. >> but the cost has not fully stopped cincinnati state. the college restarted the program in the all of 2020 one after raising $3.5 million from donors. >> that return on investment would look like economic growth and upward mobility for this region. we know when students graduate, that increases employability.

it changes the trajectory of their lives. >> that upward trajectory is in the data as well. last month, a new study showed that those who took part in the original ohio demonstration were earning 11% more compared to those in the control group. it is a finding that christina says adds to the evidence that this model works and should be rolled out beyond the seven states where versions are up and running. >> we are working now to work more with state systems at scale versus working more ad hoc with individualized colleges. >> student blessing henderson says in addition to the financial aid and counseling, the program creates a sense of community. >> when you walk in, everyone is smiling. they are always happy to see you. i don't know, but i think it is honest. they do a good job of faking it if they don't. >> somebody that is kind of in your corner for you? >> yes.

being in college has expanded my horizons, just how i communicate, the way i think about things. i don't know what i'm going to do after this. i hope you keep going, though. -- i hope to keep going, though. >> later this evening on pbs, frontline presents a documentary that traces clarence thomas' life from childhood to college to the court. it includes recent reporting on his relationship with conservative billionaire harlan crow. >> crow even helped fund a documentary promoting thomas as a humble man. >> one of clarence's biggest loves is when he can get away from washington, d.c., and be on the road in his motor home. >> you know, i don't have any

problem with going to europe, but i prefer the united states. i prefer the rv parks. i prefer the walmart parking lots. i come from regular stop, and i prefer that. >> but out of the public eye, thomas was living a very different life. >> harlan crow has been taking clarence thomas on luxury vacations around the world for more than 20 years. we are talking flights on his private jet, cruises on his very, very large yacht in places like indonesia and new zealand. stays at harlan crow's resort in the adirondacks. compared to somebody that is a partner at a big d.c. law firm that might be making $2 million or $3 million a year, these two brengle justices are poppers. >> thomas could not afford to take the kinds of vacations that crow is taking him on.

>> clarence and ginni thomas premieres tonight at 9:00 p.m. eastern on pbs and youtube. and that is "the newshour" for tonight. >> thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for "the pbs newshour" has been provided by -- >> actually, you don't need vision to do most things in life. yes, i'm legally blind, and yes, i'm responsible for the user interface. data visualization. if i can see it and understand it quickly, anyone can. >> i was excited to be part of a team driving the technology forward. plo kno know bdo.he mostth pediatric surgeon. volunteer. topiary artist. a raymondjames financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live

your life. life well planned. >> carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of national peace and security at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

♪ christiane hello and welcome to "amanpour and company." as russia launches a new wave of missiles, what is the state of ukrainian resistance? the former governor of virginia terry mcauliffe joins me from kyiv. then, five years after president trump pulled the united states out of the iran nuclear deal. what is the path forward? plus -- >> it has grown into an industry that is so dominant that 7% of the american workforce works for private equity backed companies. christiane: the plunderers. journalist gretchen morgenson tells walter isaacson why we should be worried about private equity.