geoff: good evening. i'm geoff bennett. amna: and i'm amna nawaz in brownsville, texas. on the "newshour" tonight, migrants endure squalid conditions in makeshift encampments while waiting in mexico for a chance to seek asylum under new u.s. immigration rules. geoff: the date for a potential default is pushed back, giving republicans and democrats more time to make a deal on the debt ceiling. david brooks and jonathan capehart weigh in. amna: and, a look at the man running the private russian mercenary group that has been a deadly force in the war against ukraine. >> yevgeny prigozhin is a complex man with a complex history and very complex ambitions. ♪

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by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. geoff: welcome to "the newshour." 10 days now stand between the u.s. and a catastrophic default on debt. treasury secretary janet yellen's new estimate moves the potential default to june 5. the announcement provides breathing room for the ongoing talks. leigh ann caldwell is a capitol correspondent with "the washington post." she joins us now with the latest. this announcement from treasury means that lawmakers now have four additional days to arrive at a deal, pass it through both chambers of congress, and send it to the president's desk. how does this do deadline affect the ongoing negotiations? leigh ann: that is right. there are a couple of things. they have a few more days.

originally, treasury secretary ellen said it can be as early as june 1. june 5 is now the definitive date. that is something congress did not have before. while it does perhaps give them a few more days, i will say what republican leadership are saying , patrick mchenry ago that now s republican conference which has been skeptical about the date anyway now has something definitive. now, he can urge everyone to act more quickly. geoff: you mentioned house speaker kevin mccarthy. he has been saying that both sides are negotiating in good faith and progress is happening. one of the gop negotiators whose actually in the room, congressman garrett draves, spoke to reporters and says there are still ways to go.

>> that are outside issues. we are not there. i think we have really identified where the biggest differences are. i think the bottom line is it comes down to whether or not we are going to default on the american debt. default on seniors with social security and medicare and have the democrats continue to say we are going to prioritize welfare payments for people who are refusing to work. geoff: in the last part, these referring to work requirements for some federal safety net programs. that has emerged as a sticking point. what else are both sides negotiating? leigh ann: they are all saying there is no deal until everything is agreed to. i will say there has been a little bit of a vibe shift from last night to this morning. my sources are telling me they were pretty optimistic that they were going to be able to wrap this up relatively quickly today, maybe tomorrow.

as the day progressed, the afternoon progressed, things seem to have clamped down a little bit. there's not as many good signs, not as much talking from the team of negotiators. so, it could be at this crucial point where things are a little bit stuck. they are trying to get those last final details. work requirements is a big one. this is something that is extremely important to republicans. they are wanting additional work requirements for the social safety net programs. while democrats are practically drawing a redline on this issue. they say additional work requirements are just unacceptable. it will be hard to work this out. geoff: as you know, reaching an agreement is really only half of the challenge because progressive democrats and far right republicans are suggesting they may not be able to vote for any sort of compromise. are there enough votes in the so-called middle to get this

thing across the finish line? leigh ann: that's a great question. the middle is where the votes have to come from. it has long been thought that the far right, the house freedom caucus is probably not going to support any sort of compromise. the same could be said for the left as well. that is the challenge that these negotiators have. we call it the goldilocks method. finding the perfect center. not too hot and not too cold, but that perfect combination of things that enables the center to find 218 votes. that is what they need. it will come from republicans, it will come from democrats. they have to tweak this legislation to find it. geoff: we have about 20 seconds left. we should say there is no backup plan here if there's no way to arrive at a deal. leigh ann: there is no backup plan. they are going to have to arrive at a deal and they don't have a

lot of time because after you get a deal, you have to write legislative text. it has to go through the house of representatives and then the senate. that could take some time so we are still many steps away. geoff: thank you for your reporting and your insights. leigh ann: of course. ♪ geoff: earlier this month, a pandemic-era rule that allowed for the quick expulsion of migrants at the southern border, known as title 42, officially expired. it marked a major shift in immigration policy and is creating ripple effects on both sides of the border, though not necessarily what many expected. amna is at the border now. amna? amna: here in brownsville, texas, authorities and organizations were preparing for a surge in migrants after title 42 ended, but that never happened. we visited both sides of the

border to better understand why that is. under a hot morning sun. so, how often do you make this crossing? >> three times a week. amna: immigration attorney priscilla orta makes her commute from one nation to another. it's not even 10:00 in the morning, it's already about 85 degrees. and there's about 50, 60 people already lined up to get into the u.s. in matamoros, mexico, a crowd is already waiting for her. >> how many people are from central america, honduras, cuba? amna: mostly, she's here to clear up growing confusion over who is allowed to enter the u.s. and how. >> i've been doing this for 12 years, and even i'm confused. amna: do you have a clear sense of what kind of guidance to offer them when they ask questions? >> no. and so, i'm relying upon the old lawyer's trick of i'm going to tell you the worst thing that can happen and prepare you for the worst thing. amna: that confusion is based on a matrix of new immigration

rules. as title 42 ended, the u.s. opened up some legal pathways, but closed others. requiring migrants to schedule an asylum interview appointment through a new app called cbp one. barring them from seeking protection in the u.s. if they didn't first seek it in a country they passed through and banning entry for five years for anyone caught trying to cross illegally. they also agreed to take in 30,000 migrants a month from venezuela, cuba, haiti, and nicaragua, but asked mexico to take in the same number turned away at the border. >> i'm out here at the gateway port of entry, where we are about to return up to 100 venezuelan migrants back into mexico. amna: border crossings dropped from 10,000 a day before title 42 was lifted to just over 4000 a day after. >> [speaking spanish] >> you have to wait for an appointment to have something guaranteed.

amna: 31-year-old carlos says he's trying. he left honduras eight months ago, citing police violence, and has been in matamoros for three. he says every day, he logs into the app to try and get an appointment, but can't. >> three months, every single day. amna: every day? >> every day. amna: 30-year-old glennis and her seven-year-old daughter mariangel have been in matamoros six weeks. after a two-month, treacherous journey from venezuela, going back isn't an option. >> it wasn't easy. for example, as a mother, to bring my child on the journey. because she cried and said, mommy, why are we passing through here? but we didn't have any other options. we don't have a visa or a valid passport. amna: gladys canas has been running a mexican immigration non-profit here for 12 years. she says the longer vulnerable populations are forced to wait, the more vulnerable they become. >> as soon as they enter mexico, migrants face different risks. detention, extorsion, abuse, humiliation, loss of life, rape, human rights violations, forced

disappearances, forced labor. matamoros isn't prepared to receive this number of people. there isn't infrastructure, there aren't resources, there isn't food. amna: as thousands more wait in mexico to try and enter the u.s. legally, makeshift camps have ballooned in recent weeks. we're headed to one of the encampments that's popped up in matamoros, there are many. some people have been staying in them for months. and actually we've been told there's a lot of communicable diseases, a lot of tb, covid, so we're going to be masking while ' there. this sprawling complex of tarp tents and blanket shelters houses mostly venezuelans. there are other camps, further away, housing haitians, cubans, and more. here, the desperation of waiting boils over. >> i just need you to help me. amna: conditions are really appalling. it is impossible to describe how striking it is.

we are just a few hundreds yards from u.s. border, sprawling complex of temporary tents and housing. some 2500 people. this isn't even the biggest encampment in matamoros. across the border in brownsville, texas, pastor carlos navarro has been stockpiling supplies and prepping beds at his church since well before title 42 ended. >> before may 11, it was real busy. but after that, on may 11, after seeing 1200 people a day, the next day we only saw 25, and the next day about 40. amna: he says the city is receiving about a few hundred a day now, but he believes they could handle many more. >> sometimes we try to forget our roots. most of the people came here to the states about 40, 50 years ago in the same condition, and they needed help. so, it's just a matter of empathy. amna: but not everyone agrees. former republican congresswoman mayra flores represented brownsville for five months until this year. >> the laws are still not being

enforced. amna: flores, who was born in mexico to an american parent, wants to see more restrictions at the border. >> right now, the people that are wanting to come here legally, they're being put to the side for them to wait. and we're focused on the people that have crossed here illegally. and it's not fair for those people. amna: the u.s. government would say the app is actually a legal process, right? those people are coming here legally. >> that is just for these people. what about the people that have been waiting for 10, 15 years? i have family members, as we speak right now, that have been waiting for 10, 15 years. those people need to be prioritized. amna: the next morning, glennis and her family begin another day in the camp. >> the mexican government has said they'd send us to mexico city and then back to venezuela. but, we don't want to go back to venezuela. we sold everything we had. amna: she says she can't return home. and so far, she's not allowed to move forward. so for now, she'll continue to wait.

here in brownsville, the streets are calm after what some described as chaos in a surge of arrivals earlier this month. that calm belies the crisis unfolding across the border. geoff? geoff: you've been talking to u.s. officials about what you've found in your reporting, including the frustration among many migrants about the asylum app. what are those officials telling you? amna: that's right. we were told by a senior custom and border protection official that the u.s. is processing about 1300 to 1400 people a day across the border. about 300 to 400 of those are at ports of entry. 1000 of those are through the cbp one app. we're told half of the appointments go to people who had the earliest registrations which means they registered back in january and february. the other half randomly allocated.

most striking, 1000 appointments a day is what they are handing out. they are seeing 80,000 requests per day for people seeking appointments on the app. that number is steady. demand isn't dropping. the app is geo-fenced to central and northern mexico, that means migrants have already made most of the journey they will make towards the u.s. border before they can even access that legal pathway. that backup is continuing to build. u.s. official says they could add more appointments in the next week or so, and most migrants we spoke to said they'll wait as long as it takes. they want to enter legally. but some immigration sources tell us they are concerned that the longer folks have to wait, the more desperate the become, and we could see those numbers at the border behind me start to go up in the weeks ahead. geoff? geoff: amna in brownsville, texas tonight. thank you. ♪

now the day's other news. two more members of the far-right oath keepers group were sentenced in the january 6 investigation. jessica watkins of ohio got eight years in federal prison for obstruction and conspiracy to block congress from certifying the 2020 election results. and, kenneth harrelson was sentenced to four years. as we reported yesterday, the militia's founder, stewart rhodes, got 18 years in prison for seditious conspiracy. russia's southern belgorod region came under ukrainian attacks today as both sides carried out cross-border strikes. kyiv said its forces shot down 10 russian missiles aimed at ukrainian cities. but in the central city of dnipro, russian fire hit a medical complex and left it in flames. the strike killed at least two people and wounded dozens. u.s. defense secretary lloyd austin today urged newly-minted navy and marine corps officers to face china's challenge in the pacific.

austin addressed the u.s. naval academy's commencement in annapolis, maryland. after the blue angels soared overhead, austin spoke to more than 1000 members of the class of 2023. >> our navy is driving forward our historic aukus partnership with australia and the u.k. bringing together three great democracies to keep the indo pacific free and open and prosperous. you will travel the globe to defend our democracy. and you will learn that the lifeblood of the rules-based international order is actually seawater. geoff: the graduates were commissioned as ensigns in the u.s. navy and second lieutenants in the u.s. marines. the drug enforcement administration has revoked the license of one of the country's largest drug distributors. the company morris and dickson faces accusations it shipped highly-addictive opioid pain pills for years despite evidence the drugs were being misused. today's action by the dea follows a controversial

four-year delay, which federal officials blamed on the pandemic and actions by the company. on wall street, tech stocks led the maet higher. the dow jones industrial average gained 328 points, 1%, to close at 33,093. the nasdaq rose 2%. the s&p 500 was up 1.3%. and, president biden honored this year's ncaa division i basketball champions today. white house ceremonies celebrated the university of connecticut men's team for winning their fifth title. the president also paid tribute to the louisiana state university women for their first championship. still to come on the "newshour," an indiana doctor is reprimanded after providing an abortion to a 10-year-old rape victim. texas lawmakers move to impeach the state's attorney general. and the latest health guidance on protecting yourself from the sun this memorial day weekend. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and

in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. geoff: bribery, dereliction of duty, obstruction of justice. those are just some of the allegations against republican texas attorney general ken paxton after a months-long investigation led by members of his own party. it's one of several stories around the country that ali rogin is following. ali: geoff, republican ken paxton has faced years of scandal, but now, he faces 20 articles of impeachment in the final days of the legislative session. the bipartisan members of the house committee leading the investigation voted unanimously to recommend the impeachment charges late yesterday. >> the chair moves that the committee adopt the articles of impeachment against warren kenneth paxton, attorney general. ali: paxton has denied any wrongdoing and accused the committee of relying on hearsay and gossip and using "their unsubstantiated report to overturn the results of a free and fair election."

sergio martanez-beltran is a politics and government reporter for npr's the texas newsroom and joins me now. thank you so much. remind us, what is attorney general paxton accused of doing? sergio: the list is very long. this house investigative panel came out with a report, and they also drafted 20 articles of impeachment. those articles include constitutional bribery, abuse of official capacity, misuse of official information, and retaliation against former employees who reported him in 2020 to the fbi because of alleged misdeeds related to an austin real estate investor who was being investigated by the fbi. ali: these allegations have followed him for years. you mentioned the fbi has been investigating him. why is this republican led legislature moving now to seek impeachment? sergio: that is a great question. the republican legislature has stood by paxton all these years,

but it is now we are seeing some republicans starting to push back and question paxton's ability to serve the state. i think the timing here is clear. the allegations that paxton fired former employees and ended up in a lawsuit. there's a settlement agreement. $3.3 million agreement that the legislature is responsible to fund. republican lawmakers do not want to pay for that money. they say it is too much. they say the taxpayers will be paying for paxton's alleged wrongdoings and that is not fair. that is where we are. the house investigative committee decided to hire four investigators to look into the settlement and the evidence. they decided it was all paxton's wrongdoings and may be legislature should not pay for it. ali: paxton's defenders say this settlement is just a smokescreen and there's something else going on.

what is your reporting indicate? sergio: i think the timing here is great. we know that the house speaker does not have the best relationship with ken paxton, and a lot of grassroots republicans in the state are truly upset at the house speaker because they say he has not supported the priorities of the republican party. paxton a few days ago, before the house committee came out with this notice of impeachment, had accused the house speaker of being drunk on the house floor without any proof. just a video that was heavily edited. i think this is where we are. paxton seems to have come out against phelan ahead of what he knew was going to be a report that was not going to be favorable to him. ali: for those of us who have not been following texas politics as closely, how big of a deal is this? sergio: this is big. this is a big deal. only two public officials in texas have been impeached. the last one was in the 1970's.

this is huge. ken paxton is beloved by republican lawmakers in the state of texas, but also on the national level. he has been fighting with the biden and obama administrations over federal spending, abortion medication, trying to overturn the results of the presidential election. he's a big figure within the republican party. we know if the house were to impeach tomorrow, automatically, can paxton would be suspended from his duties pending a senate trial and decision from that chamber. ali: the houses excited to vote on this impeachment tomorrow. what did you expect the outcome to be? sergio: the interesting thing is the house only needs a simple majority to impeach or move to impeach paxton. we know there is over 60 democrats. we also know there are republicans who have already said they are going to impeach paxton. from what i am hearing, it seems

like the house committee is asking the full house to impeach, they have the votes to move forward with this historic decision. ali: fascinating stuff. sergio with npr's the texas newsroom, thank you for joining us. sergio: thanks for having me. ali: we're also following a story in indiana, where the state disciplined a doctor who made national headlines last year after she provided an abortion to a 10-year-old rape victim from ohio. the girl had traveled across state lines for the procedure as a result of ohio's restrictive abortion laws in the wake of the dobbs decision. after an emotional and confrontational hearing yesterday, the state medical board reprimanded dr. caitlin bernard for violating patient privacy standards and issued a $3000 fine. but, they rejected harsher punishments pushed by the state's attorneys, who challenged bernard in a number of tense exchanges. >> isn't it true that, but for the fact that you spoke to the

"indy star" reporter concerning what you viewed as, would be a public health emergency that we wouldn't be sitting here today? >> no, i don't think that's correct. i think that if the attorney general todd rokita had not chosen to make this his political stunt, we wouldn't be here today. ali: brandon smith of indiana public broadcasting was in the room for all 14 hours of yesterday's proceeding and he joins me now. thank you so much. this was a case that made national headlines. it happened in the wake of the dobbs decision. president biden weighed in. remind us what dr. bernard is being accused of and what the board decided. brandon: dr. bernard talked to an "indy star" reporter about the case of a 10-year-old girl and mentioned it was a girl from ohio coming to indiana for an abortion. after that, the attorney general, in addition to leveling accusations that he had no evidence of, ultimately decided

to go to the state medical board because he said she violated patient privacy and accused her of not reporting child abuse and leveled a charge she was unfit to practice medicine. the state medical board decided that while none of the information she had given to the reporter actually fell under was called protected health information under hipaa, she said enough things that it might have made it easy to identify the victim, and therefore, she violated her privacy rights. so, they leveled three counts under federal and state privacy laws. they summarily rejected the claims that she didn't report child abuse or she was unfit to practice. as you mentioned, she was given a letter of reprimand which does not really impede her ability to practice at all and the $3000 fine. ali: we heard dr. bernard accused the board and the attorney general of a political stunt.

they have leveled that charge against her. what's really going on here? brandon: the attorney general is a political creature. a lot of the decisions he makes seems to come from political motivations. dr. bernard also has a magenta, she's a fierce advocate for reproductive rights. it is partly why she was at the rally where she spoke to the reporter about this case. it is why she talked about this case. she would try to educate people about what was happening in ohio and what could happen in indiana. but ultimately, you see some of these charges that did not hold up. ali: the board did reject that more serious charge that would have found her unfit to practice medicine. it would have removed her medical license. what would that have meant for abortion access in indiana if they have found her liable for that? brandon: dr. bernard is one of only two physicians who are licensed to practice complex family-planning medicine in indiana.

so, taking away her license would have had huge consequences. even putting her on probation, which was briefly discussed by the board for the violating the privacy laws, even that would have severely hindered hoosiers access to health care because it would have been she's unable to take medicaid. the board did consider that when deciding not to impose probation on dr. bernard. it would've fed a huge impact on the ability of people to access health care. ali: you spoke to a number of doctors who are in the hearing room in support of dr. bernard. what did they tell you about what the stakes are and what it could have said, what it says about access to reproductive health care in indiana in a host-roe world? brandon: they said this was a purely political stunt, that this was politically motivated. because the attorney general was somewhat successful, that more could becoming if he disagrees with the practice of medicine

that a person is performing. it also has to do with -- in a post-dobbs world, indian already struggles with access to maternal and infant health care. a third of our counties do not have a hospital board pregnancy center. while indiana was debating the abortion ban last summer, the iu health med school of which dr. bernard is an educator surveyed all of its students and 80% of them said the abortion ban in indiana would play a factor in their decision on whether were not to practice medicine in indiana. this certainly exacerbates that already existing problem. ali: who is on this board? what is it comprised of? brandon: it is comprised primarily of physicians. there is one patient advocate who is an attorney, which plays into a lot of what the board has to deal with. but these are all appointees of the governor. in this case, as it has been for nearly 20 years in indiana, that is a republican. ali: brandon smith, thank you

for your time. brandon: thank you for having me. ♪ geoff: the battle for bakhmut in eastern ukraine has been notable for several reasons. its length -- nine-plus months. its savagery -- tens of thousands of ukrainians and russians, mostly soldiers, may have died there. and for the man who's pressed the fight for the kremlin, the mercenary leader yevgeny prigozhin. as stephanie sy tells us, prigozhin and his wagner paramilitary group are now the tip of the spear for russia in ukraine. stephanie: in russian occupied bakhmut, one man has stolen the spotlight. days after declaringictory, wegner group chief avenue guinea prigozhin orders them to leave. >> we are pulling units out of bakhmut. we are transferring munitions to

the military. the military are in a tough situation. stephanie: prigozhin's private military group has led the fighting in the month-long bloody battle that turned bakhmut into a ruin. most of wagner's fighters are convicted criminals. this video went viral of a man recruiting personals from a penal colony. they were promised freedom for six months of frontline service. their lives treated as a spendable. 20,000 wagner mercenaries were killed in bakhmut. >> this is a military that is so challenged with its manpower, with its ammunition, it has had to turn to the use of prisoners and turn them into what prigozhin has called the grinder. stephanie: she has been writing a group on the -- writing a book on the wegner group. >> is a complex man, with a complex history and very complex

ambitions. he served a 10 year sentence for violent crimes he committed in st. petersburg as a young man. he worked in hard labor camps. when he came out, he transformed himself into this mafia entrepreneur. stephanie: one of his first ventures was a catering company that fed the kremlin. he became known as putin's chef. with the internet research agency, a troll form that was instrumental in russia's interference in the 2016 u.s. election. prigozhin has now transformed into warlord, under the auspices of vladimir putin. he's used social media to accelerate his brand. video show him overseeing training sites. he appeals to new recruits with ultranationalist propaganda. >> sign up for wagner's group private company, world war iii is here.

stephanie: he flaunts the coffins of dead ukrainian soldiers. he brazenly calls out russia's ministry of defense for the death of his fighters, hurling insults at the defense minister and chief of staff, and calling them out by name. >> we have a 70% shortage of ammunition. where is the ammunition? look at them. stephanie: his latest provocative proclamation, that russia could lose the war and face a revolt. >> when you hear prigozhin saying there's not enough ammunition, we are not getting the help that we need, you should be hearing the voice of putin. he says things that putin is not able to say politically about what's going on with the war. we have seen that in bold display in recent days. stephanie: the wagner group started in 2014 as a secret arm of russian intelligence. originally made up of former special forces soldiers, the

group was first employed to ukraine in 2014, during russia's illegal annexation of crimea. then, to syria, where russia supports president bashar al-assad's government. wagner serves as russia's military proxy in far-flung areas of the world. one journalist has reported on russian intelligence for over two decades. >> what the military intelligence want to to do was have a group of people supervised by military intelligence, but not officially part of the russian military, and to be able to send these people to syria, to ukraine and to africa and other regions. stephanie: before the recent fighting in ukraine, wagner left russian footprints across africa. spreading moscow's influence and feeding instability. researchers say there are thousands of mercenaries in about a dozen countries. it has links to the ongoing conflict in sudan.

the u.s. said it gave weapons to sudan's paramilitary faction. it is also fueled of civil war in the central african republic and aided the anti-western pro-russian military in mali, accused of war crimes. the kremlin uses wagner as a tool, says new america's candace rondou. >> they are important for putin in terms of diverting attention away. they fulfill the role of circumventing sanctions, and they turned to the wagner's group as the enforcer. exchange, they get gold, oil, gas, things that are exportable and can be turned into hard dollars, which is extremely important for russia. stephanie: the war in ukraine helped prigozhin bring the wagner group out of the shadows and grow it into a private military empire. >> because of this war and because of the ambitions of

prigozhin, quite quickly, the group is the most visible part of the russian military. now we have billboards advertising wagner. stephanie: despite the audacious outburst against the kremlin elite, putin needs prigozhin for now. >> prigozhin is always conscious of the fact that he's expendable that it any time, prudent could decide i don't need you anymore. your services are no longer useful. more importantly, you are becoming a threat to me. stephanie: make no mistake of who was in charge, he says. prigozhin's power only exists at the mercy of putin. i'm stephanie sy for the pbs newshour. ♪

geoff: it is friday and we turn now to the analysis of brooks and capehart. that's "new york times" columnist david brooks and jonathan capehart, associate editor for "the washington post." great to see you both. lawmakers have an additional four days to arrive at a deal on the debt ceiling. the treasury secretary said e department will not run out of money until at least june 5, so buying more time for those that talks -- debt talks. i want to start with your assessments of where we stand now. >> i will stick with biden. optimistic. compared to where we were a week ago when we were sitting here, and there were possibly on pause. we are in a much better place today. everyone seems to be having productive talks and that is why it pays to be a history major. dozens of dozens of these things over the last few decades. every time, they scare the something out of us and then they cut a deal. it looks like they will probably do that again. geoff: how did you see it?

>> yes, i want to be that optimistic, but i do want to .1 thing out. the letter the treasury secretary put out today, saying june 5 is the date. that is the first time she has settled on a firm date. her letters previously were saying please, congress, lift the debt ceiling. if you don't, we could possibly crash through it in sometime early june, the earliest june 1. today's letter is june 5 and she explains why in terms of tax receipts that would come in on a daily basis to the treasury. it buys a little more time but with the president saying hey, i am optimistic, we might have some evidence of something later tonight, that is good news. i hope. geoff: there is this additional complication of far right republicans saying they won't support any compromise that

waters down the bill that the house already past, the bill that was unacceptable to senate democrats and the white house. how significant a threat is that given the razor thin margins and the fact kevin mccarthy can only lose four republican votes and still have this pass? >> that is really not how democracy works. when you cut a deal, you have to give some. he sounds pretty confident. one of the members of the freedom caucus said they would not challenge the speakership which suggests there may be some upset with the compromises, but not uproar. i think he will probably be able to get it. as i understand, there will be a headline number of how much deficit reduction there will be. that will likely to be a pretty big number. then, they will punt. i am not sure how that will get there. that gives mccarthy the chance to say we will cut the deficit, but not make anybody happy.

so, i suspect he will probably get it. geoff: the house minority leader hakeem jeffries says he communicated to the white house that if they need democratic votes to get this across the finish line, and it appears they will, democrats do not want to compromise on their values. there has been this flashpoint over this issue of work requirements for some federal safety net programs. here's how kevin mccarthy, the speaker, referred to it. >> i do not think it's right that you borrow money from china to pay people to stay home that are able bodied with no dependents on the couch. geoff: president biden has said he supports work requirements for the safety net programs back of the 1990's. why is this a nonstarter now? >> that was the 1990's, 30 years ago. we were talking about different work requirements then. i think it is insulting and offensive for the speaker of the house to talk about people who are getting federal benefits, to

paint them with a broad brush to say they are just sitting on their couches at home. that just is not the case. i do think democrats have been fighting a phantom, just work requirements. we have no idea what they are talking about and what could emerge in terms of work requirements. if that is the one thing, the only thing where democrats are drawing the redline and everything else is something they could possibly live with, i would say democrats are in a much better position to get something over the finish line than speaker mccarthy, as you pointed out, can only lose four republicans. the house freedom caucus and letters saying you better pass the -- i don't remember the name of it -- and only that. it is the speaker who has to get this over the finish line and he can't without democratic votes. >> can i do a little 1990's nostalgia? i do think the clinton welfare reforms were quite successful.

pushed on this issue by the evidence. in theory, these people who are on these benefits, they are working hard. they are working hard to make their family work, they are working hard to try to get a job. i have been persuaded it is really hard once you have been out of the labor force for three or four years to get back into the labor force. therefore, long-term for the good of the people and economy, work requirement are actually something that does benefit those who are subjected to it. geoff: this past week, florida governor ron desantis and tim scott announce to their presidential campaigns. it many ways to two different republican parties. you have tim scott, who is arguably following in the footsteps of ronald reagan within ideas focused, optimistic vision of the country. and ron desantis whose very much in the mold of donald trump, going all in and the cultural issues. desantis' announcement was on twitter spaces, marred with glitches.

in the first 24 hours, he raised more than $8 million for his campaign. what did you make of his message and his unorthodox decision to announce it on twitter with elon musk? david: part of his problem is he is too twitter focused that all. twitter is not real life and not real america. too many of his issues, the woke mind virus, those are good twitter issues. i don't think those are good average american issues. he's too obsessed with twitter. second, his campaign has a problem which was he's not very good with people and if you look at the early ads, if you look at what he did twitter, it is not the normal thing a candidate does which is to be around other human beings. third, why is he running? there is a lot of verbiage in that announcement but what specifically is he running to do? you cannot run for president as ted kennedy learned many years ago if you don't have a crisp answer that question and he didn't really have one so far.

geoff: following that twitter rollout, he gave a series of interviews to conservative media. it is clear he's no longer tiptoeing around donald trump. he attacked trump as fiscally irresponsible, a supporter of amnesty for illegal immigrants. he said the covid-19 policies destroyed millions of people's lives and he added this -- >> i tell you, i don't know what happened to donald trump. this is a different guy today than he was running in 2015 and 2016. i think the direction he's going withis campaign is the wrong direction. geoff: this question of sharpening histtacks against donald trump is really a matter of when. what do you think of what he's doing? jonathan: with governor desantis, it is nice to have the sharp language in an interview with someone in a friendly forum. i want to hear him say those exact words on the debate stage in august, standing next to donald trump.

then, watch him respond to the dragon fire that will come back in response. the governor is trying to show, hey, i'm a policy focused, substantive person. that might be great to get the republican primary voter, but it's disastrous on the national level. i keep going back to that six week abortion ban he signed into law in florida. he wants to turn america into florida, and folks are looking at florida and saying, i am not so sure about that. geoff: on that point, he also talked about how he has really extended the power of the governorship in florida in a way that has not been done before. he talked about his plans to flex the powers of the presidency like never before. he said he has studied the u.s. constitution, he studied the leverage points of the constitution, and would use his knowledge to exercise the true

scope of presidential power. >> nobody has thought of that before. well, first, what he should run on his eye was a successful governor of florida. that should be his story. i think he's not wrong to focus on florida because he's a wildly popular governor in florida. whether he expands the power of the presidency, never single president i've covered has expanded the powers of the presidency. sometimes too dangerous affect. we are not a government of equal branches, congress is supposed to be the lead branch. to say you want to do that is to distort the u.s. government even further than the last few years. geoff: what was your assessment of tim scott's announcement and the endorsement of john thune? >> great. he's going to apply -- occupy the happy warrior lane. it is a matter of whether the

republican party faithful want a happy warrior or they want the warrior, donald trump. right now if you look at the polling, it is clear who they want. >> i thought thune was significant. he's a conservative republican in the pre-trump mold. his presence was a signal was that of what we think of the mainstream non-republican party, they are moving to scott. that could be significant if desantis continues to wane. there really is a lane for a non-trump somewhere. scott, i think he's actually the most likely to be that. geoff: the thune endorsement was quite a signal to the republican establishment and donor class. have a great long memorial day, holiday ekend. >> thanks, you too. ♪ geoff: memorial day weekend is

here, which means many americans will be spending more time in the sun. experts are using the holiday as a moment to remind people about preventing sunburns and, in more severe cases, skin cancer. stephanie sy is here with what folks need to know. stephanie: geoff, the american skin cancer society estimates that over 97,000 cases of invasive melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, will be diagnosed this year alone. here to share some advice on staying safe in the sun is dermatologist and assistant professor of internal medicine at the university of texas at austin, dr. adewole adamson. thank you so much and happy memorial day to you. first of all, who is most at risk of skin cancer? dr. adamson: people that identify as non-hispanic white, people who have lighter skin are the folks that are at the highest risk of developing lenovo -- melanoma.

although, anyone regardless of race and ethnicity could develop it. stephanie: i grew up as a person of color not thinking i needed to wear that much sunscreen but the latest research does not necessarily bear out that people that look like you and i are any safer from skin cancer, is that correct? dr. adamson: that's correct. people of color can develop skin cancer, but it is not usually in places that get a lot of sun. uv protective behaviors for skin cancer prevention, people of darker skin types, is not necessarily the same as people that are white in the united states. stephanie: how much does sunscreen reduce the risk of skin cancer for those who are more susceptible? dr. adamson: sunscreen has been shown to reduce skin cancer. there are two general categories. there is melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. melanoma represents 1% of the

amount of skin cancer that is out there. the other 99% are carcinomas. both are caused in part by sun exposure. although, nonmelanoma skin cancer is more associated with the sun than is melanoma. stephanie: what are common mistakes people make when using sunscreen? dr. adamson: one common mistake is people leave the sunscreen in their cars or out in the sun. sunscreen heats up too much, it will become less effective. one way to combat that at the beach is to put your sunscreen in the cooler. i think that has to affects. one, it protects against the heat. two, when you need to reapply after a couple of hours and it is hot, it will feel good going on the skin. stephanie: there has been more attention in recent years on the amount of chemicals in sunscreens. not only being of concern to the environment, but our health.

does using the wrong type of sunscreen pose a health risk? dr. adamson: the short answer is no. there haven't been any studies that have shown that using sunscreen is harmful to your health. now, there have been some studies in mice or rats giving them megadoses of some of the active ingredients in certain sunscreens, and that causing some endocrine disruption. those doses do not come close to the amount that people wear with usual types of sunscreen. what i want to say about the environment lived -- environmental impact is that that is also from data that was done in a lab where they exposed coral reef from some active ingredients in sunscreens and showed it did affect the coral. what is causing coral to die is global warming, not sunscreen. stephanie: if somebody wanted to

be extra safe not to expose themselves to too many chemicals, there are other types of sunscreens, right? with particular ingredients that have fewer chemicals? dr. adamson: two general types of sunscreens. ones that have active ingredients with chemical sunscreens, and then the physical sunscreens. physical sunscreens have two important ingredients called titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. those types of sunscreens with those active ingredients do not absorb into the body as new chemical sunscreens, which are basically all the other active ingredients. so, if you want to be extra safe, you could stick with sunscreens that have zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. you just have to flip to the back of the bottle and check for those chemical names. stephanie: either way, it sounds

like wear it as we head into the summer season. dr. adewole adamson university of texas at austin. thank you so much. dr. adamson: thank you for having me. ♪ geoff: tune in for "washington week" later tonight. our own lisa desjardins moderates this evening. don't forget to watch pbs news weekend tomorrow for a look at the mental health services available to expectant and new mothers. and that is "the newshour." i'm geoff bennett. amna: and i'm amna nawaz in brownsville, texas. on behalf of the entire team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- ♪

>> moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour, including kathy and paul anderson and camilla and george smith. the walton family foundation, working for solutions to proct water during climate change so people and nature can thrive together. the william and flora hewitt foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

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christine: hello and welcome to "amanpour and company." here's what is coming up. >> if this technology goes wrong, it can go quite wrong. christine: the leaders of chatgpt calling for regulation of super intelligent ai. >> we have seen that social regulation of companies does not work and that we need to have a different playbook. christine: i asked the architect of t artificial intelligence bill of rights about the biden administration's efforts to regulate it. and -- >> we have instances of people doing all tse things they need as basic medical care under an umbrella fear. christine: south carolina passes a six week abortion ban. a new study