amna nawaz: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. geoff bennett: and i'm geoff bennett. on the "newshour" tonight, congress takes up the debt ceiling deal with only days left to avoid a default. we speak with republican and democratic lawmakers. amna nawaz: lawmakers. drone attacks damage residential buildings in moscow for the first time since the war on ukraine began while russia ramps up its own strikes against kyiv. geoff bennett: and, former first lady rosalynn carter is diagnosed with dementia after dedicating much of her own life to reducing the stigma around mental health and caregiving. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs

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>> the foundation fostered and formed, engaged communities, more at kf.org. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. geoff bennett: welcome to the newshour. the debt limit deal forged by president biden and house

speaker kevin mccarthy tonight heads into a crucial final stretch, with less than a week to win congressional approval before a june 5th default deadline. amna nawaz: some in both parties oppose the weekend agreement. but the white house and house republican leaders say they'll push it to passage. white house correspondent laura barron-lopez begins our coverage. >> president biden and kevin mccarthy are racing to secure the votes needed to pass their debt ceiling deal >>. i am not sure what people are concerned about, it is the largest savings of $2.1 trillion we have ever had. >> the director of the office of management and management -- budget urged the congress to pass this immediately. >> no one gets everything that they want. her choices had to be made. >> their bipartisan compromise suspends the debt ceiling until january 2025, beyond the next presidential election.

it also imposes modest federal spending cuts over the next two years. eases permitting for energy projects, and increases work requirements for food stamp recipients. president biden and the speaker are facing pushback from republicans and democrats a like as they sell their plan. many have criticized the provisions like work requirements. >> i think it is right for democrats to get this deal done bere aggressive to say no, this entire process where the american economy can be held for ransom, that is a no go. >> some republicans like chip roy of texas say the bipartisan package does not denough to cut spending. >> not run or republican should vote for this deal. it is a bad deal. no one sent us here. to borrow an additional $4

trillion to get absolutely nothing in return. at best, if i am being generous, a spending freeze for a couple of years. >> he is a member of the house rules committee which president the first major test for the deal this afternoon as it debated the 99 page bill. democrats like jim mcgovern a massachusetts accused republicans of risking a default. >> weaponizing the debt ceiling the republicans are setting a precedent that will set us forever. one party can use the full faith and credit of the united states as a hostage to pass their wildly unpopular ideas. >> with less than a week to go before a historic default some republicans also threatened mccarthy's speakership. >> whatever the path is, those republicans have to avoid being destroyed themselves by voting for this. >> republican health leaders

express confidence in the deal would ultimately pass -- house leaders expressed confidence that the deal would ultimately pass. amna nawaz: more than two dozen house republicans say they will not back the debt limit deal, saying speaker mccarthy made too many concessions to the white house during negotiations. one of them is congressman scott perry, chair of the house freedom caucus. i spoke with him earlier today. congressman perry, welcome and thanks for joining us. so assuming a majority of the democratic caucus will end up supporting this bill, you would need a significant chunk of your conference to be able to sink it. do you have those votes? what does >> well, we're not whipping against it right now. we're informing the members, which, look, they just found out what was in this bill. the text they found out about the bill that it existed. that was on saturday night. the text came out on sunday evening. and so, you know, into monday, people are reading it now. it's 100 pages. so it's not a big bill. but you got to read through the legislative language to see

where the money's coming from and where it is going. it can be very confusing. for instance, in the bill that says we're rescinding some tobin some covid but you would think that that would go back to the treasury to pay down the debt. it's not going to the treasury. we're doing what's called banking it, which means we're st putting it in another account to spend it later. so that's not really what people signed up for. and there are other things like the 87,000 irs agents, $80 billion was rescinding 1.4 billion of that. essentially or ostensibly, we're told, to stop the irs from hiring more people to to investigate americans. but they keep basically the $78.6 billion that they have in the bank that was given in a lump sum appropriation that they can spend at any time. so it really doesn't stop anything. and so those are the things that members are finding out about. and when they find out about them, they say, well, i didn't sign up for this. i'm not voting for this. amna nawaz: well, you've made very clear you don't support this bill. and as we all know, any member of the republican

conference can move forward with a motion to vacate and remove speaker mccarthy from the speakership. if you don't have the votes to sink this bill and the bill does move forward, would you move to remove speaker mccarthy? >> well, we're going to have to have that discussion after this is done, but we're not done ye this is in rules committee. there still might be amendments in the rules committee. it still might not pass on the floor. and so i'm never willing to really handicap those kind of things because you can get out ahead of your skis pretty quickly and then it's hard to reel things back in. so right now we're focused on on this and the debt ceiling and the fact, quite honestly, that the senate hasn't passed anything still, you know, is reluctant apparently to come to work. so the house has had to negotiate against its own position. that's not where we should be. we have passed a bill in the house of representatives to deal with this. we think it's high time that the senate passes something, evehas a hearing or even marks up rights that the bill text of a bill down that they can pass. before we keep asking house members, what are

you willing to give up to not have this this circumstance on this debt that we where are right now understand that this this this offers unlimited spending for the next two, two years. so that's essentially, i don't know, four or five, $6 trillion. we'll probably be at $36 trillion in debt at the end of this term because it is there is no cap on this. there is no limit whatsoever. this is exactly what president biden said and demanded back in january. amna nawaz: well, congressman, let me let me ask you let me ask you, if i may, because i know your time is limited. the senate republican leader, mitch mcconnell, says that he backs the bill. you hailed mr. mccarthy for winning concessions from the white house and called on his senate colleagues to move forward quickly on this. but again, if you do not have votes to end this bill, i should mention to you, your colleague, chip roy, had said that as part of the deal for mr. mccarthy to secure the speakership, he agreed there needed to be unanimous republican consent on the rules committee for a bill to move forward. if that is true

and he does not have unanimous consent and moves forward, would you remove him from the speakership? >> like i said, we're going to we're not going to talk about ifs right now. we're going to talk about things we know for sure. the rules committee is happening right now. we're going to wait and see how that plays out. there might be a great amendment that comes from that. and so we're not going to we're -- we are not going to handicap things like that because it's not productive. the american people are tired of paying too high prices for gasoline and for groceries and everything they buy. and it's all stemming from this over spending at the federal level. that's what we're focused on right now. once we get done with that, then we can come back and talk about other things. amna nawaz: the timeline, sir, is what it is, though. so in the end, i have to ask, are you essentially advocating for a default here? you are mere days away from that date so. >> no, there's not going to be any default. first of all, number one, janet yellen has no credibility in this. not actually. she started helping out the inflation rise to the level it is when she was at the fed. then she didn't see

inflation coming even as they passed the $1.7 trillion omnibus. amna nawaz: so if you say that to me, you don't believe the date that she's put forward. is that right? >> first of all, i call that into question. second of all, we know that june, all the quarterly is going to come in. the federal government is going to be flush flush with revenues that come in. so all we have to do is get to the middle of the month and that is that issue. amna nawaz: congressman parry, if i may, goldman sachs has put forward june 8th or ninth as their x day. do you believe their numbers? >> they might be correct. i don't know. but again, we can stop all this with rescissions. we could claw back the good money, all of it, and put it towards the debt. we can claw back all that 80 billion from the irs and put that towards the debt immediately. we can do that right tonight in the rules committee and change the trajectory of all this. and that's the kind of stuff we're looking for so that we provide some space to negotiate and where the senate can actually pass a bill. amna nawaz: speaker mccarthy and president biden would say the negotiating has already

happened. these are the concessions. this is where the two sides came together. and they would point out you don't have the votes to kill this bill. what would you say to that? well. >> well, that might be true, but the only way we're going to find that out is to see the bill. but these are folks that have passed the bill. first of all, president biden isn't in the legislature. he doesn't pass any bills. and we know that this has to go before the senate. and why does everybody assume that the senate is just going to pass this just because mitch mcconnell says so, it doesn't mean that maybe democrats are unhappy over there. certainly republicans probably aren't thrilled over there. once again, the senate hasn't done its job. and for there to be any real negotiation between the two sides and the two parties, it requires the senate to pass bill. amna nawaz: republican congressman scott perry of pennsylvania, chair of the house freedom caucus, thank you for making the time to join us today. >> thank you. i appreciate it. geoff bennett: the white house is urging house democrats to support the deal ahead of tomorrow's expected vote. but a handful of members have yet to decide if they'll back it. others are raising concerns over some provisions, including new work requirements for food stamp recipients.

joining me now is one of those democrats, congresswoman debbie dingell of michigan. it is always good to see you. we heard scott perry express his frtration about the process saying he feels the house has been forced into a position of negotiating against itself. you have expressed frustration saying you are held hostage by this process, now that you have had time to read the bill and ask questions, do you still feel that way? what is your assessment? >> first of all i feel like we are being held hostage. the country cannot default. period. the consequences are scary, intimidating, we would be harming our economy for years to come, seniors, veterans, children, i could go through the list, the fault is not an option, that is where we are being held hostage, we are one of the people has read all of the pages of this till and i

have been asking questions for three days and there are things in this bill i would clearly not support. i believe when you talk about the environmental provisions which are the white where they even part of this? people focused on the west virginia pipeline and transmission. i have read the bill and i have questions and i think it got the heart of the magna carta of environmental laws around the world. i believe the communities have a right. does the bill needs to be -- need to be modernized? yes, but communities have the right to have control over their air and ground. i do not think they understand the consequences. when you talk about work requirements i think they are raising the age for people age 50 through 54. there is a group i'm really worried about which is women who have had to leave the workforce during this pandemic, is the sandwiched generation, they are

caregivers, the definition of a dependent that is eligible is a child one through six or someone who is totally an invalid. most seniors do not fall into that definition. >> given your concerns are you inclined to support the bill? will you vote in favor? >> i know you cannot to fall, they're there in this position, i am looking for answers to questions and i am talking to my colleagues and the white house and making it clear about my concerns. geoff bennett: president biden had said he would not negotiate on the debt. he said it was a matter of principle. he has done that. he has negotiated on the budget. should he have done that earlier? was a miscalculation by this white house to not start this process months ago? >> hindsight's foresight, anybody who knows me says that people should be at the table.

compromise is not a dirty word and we need to be talking to each other and listening to each other and quite frankly if you look at the record i have said it a month ago when somebody asked me and got in trouble with some people. i am always the person who says it at the table and talk early and talk about the issues. geoff bennett: it exchanged for support the white house agree to cap federal spending for the next two years. what does that mean in a practical sense? what should the american people expect? >> the questions we are all asking are what does it mean? defense spending will increase by 3%, we are protecting veterans, that is something we are all happy about. social security should not be cut. what are the programs that will be cut? quite frankly, there is a lot of questions about that. a lot of questions about the covid spending and what money will still be there. what is obligated? communities across the country are very concerned now because they did not -- they thought

they had told 2024 to spend money. i had been yelling at my communities that if they need that money they need to be spending it now. there are questions and the is part of the problem where this has been done where we are down to last-minute crises and we cannot not pay our bills we are making deals should not be done. they should be part of regular order. >> the white house says this bill represents a good outcome, it is consistent with past bipartisan budget agreements and that they are saying this could happen a lot worse given the fact that they are doing with a divided congress. do you accept that argument? >> when i am in meetings i get a lot of this could have been a lot worse, this is what could have been in it. by the way, i do believe it could have been a lot worse. this is a budget deal and we are putting things in there like permitting -- by the way we do need to address, i think that people are not paying enough

attention to actually what is in there that could actually got major environmental laws. i just feel between a rock and a hard place. i know we have to do something to raise the debt limit because takemitsu unacceptable and i am unhappy with what is in the bill. if these are issues that are being voted on not included in this package, i would not be voting for it. geoff bennett: there are more than two dozen republican no votes, will there be enough democratic support to ensure that this bill passes and we avoid a default? >> to a person, i know everyone in the democratic caucus knows default is not ok. everybody is waiting to see how many republicans are going to vote for this bill. a lot of people are very unhappy with where we are and we are down to a finish line we are where the consequences are so

real, if we do not raise the debt ceiling. i think there are a lot of unhappy people who know we have to protect our country. geoff bennett: thank you for joining us this evening. amna nawaz: lisa has been counting votes and following every twist and turn on capitol hill throughout the day. lisa joins us now, the first hurdle is the house rules committee. you just left there. where do things stand? >> the house rules committee dominated by republicans, they can only lose 2 votes to get a bill through, they have lost two votes but the third swing vote, thomas massie of kentucky, a short time ago when i was in the room he announced he is a yes or moving this bill out of committee. you heard just now a sigh of relief from speaker kevin mccarthy getting that yes vote. he is among those who does not

love the bill, it is not clear how he will vote on the floor but that is a very big moment in moving forward potentially setting up a vote as republicans would like to do tomorrow for the bill over all. where are we in terms of those votes? i spoke to a house member who is part of the gop leadership team? that member told me that they are having a full count but they are getting their hands around the questions that members have and they are feeling good about it. this is to say what your survey showed, we do not know where the votes will go. you need more than 214 votes to defeat a bill. right now we have just 30 no votes. it is a long way for those opponents like scott perry to go. amna nawaz: you heard the loudest critics are the hard right republicans, what does your report mean for all of the concerns we have heard from them? lisa: can you repeat that? amna nawaz: the concerns we are

hearing from those far right republicans that this is not a bill they can get behind, he reported thomas massie moved this bill out of the rules committee, what does it mean for those concerns? lisa: they do not believe kevin mccarthy as reported when he says that it is a $2.1 trillion savings in this bill, we are waiting for the budget score from the budget office, those republicans have yet to get the full complement even of the hard right conservatives on board with what they are doing. they have yet to make the full argument clear in terms of getting everybody to back them versus speaker mccarthy. this is about spending cuts and i do think right now it is not exactly clear all the republicans end up? amna nawaz: what about the democratic side? lisa: debbie is someone who ran for democratic leadership and she is not someone who tries to make herself different from

other democrats, the fact that she is having doubts of something democrats will pay attention to, she talked about something that is not spoken about a lot, there are $70 billion involved that is a gentlemen's agreement. that would stave off the cuts they are worried about but how did they guarantee that actually goes through? all of this is in the air today and that is why it is so dusty on capitol hill, people are feeling this way and that way and not yet settling into where they will vote. >> the big question is does president biden and the speaker have enough pull with their parties to get the votes that they need in the house? >> it is a test for president biden, some house members have thought he spends more time caring about the senate than the house, his relationship with progressives is important and a test for kevin mccarthy, this is a congress of republicans who always have gone with the most conservative kind of outlook.

mccarthy is saying let us work on a bipartisan way so it is a real test. so for there is one member who says they want to vote to oust him from the job, it takes more than that but that is hanging over his head. amna nawaz: more is ahead, i am sure. good to see you. lisa: good to see you. ♪ geoff bennett: in the day's other headlines police in , hollywood, florida searched for 3 suspects after a memorial day shooting at a beach wounded at least 9 people, including a one-year-old. video showed crowds fleeing when a a gunfight erupted. officials said today that what happened was beyond reckless. >> it is something that's certainly not ordinary to be carrying a weapon here on hollywood beach. when you do something like this in broad daylight, with cctv cameras up and down our boardwalk, you will be identified, and you will be caught and brought to justice.

geoff bennett: so far, two suspects are in custody. six of the wounded remain hospitalized today. a federal trial began today in pittsburgh in the deadliest anti-semitic attack in u.s. history. in an opening statement, a defense lawyer admitted her client is guilty. robert bowers is accused of opening fire at the "tree of life" synagogue in 2018 killing 11 worshippers. the defense is expected to focus on trying to prevent a death sentence. five people are still unaccounted for after an apartment building in davenport, iowa partially collapsed on sunday. officials say two people could be buried in the rubble. last night, video showed a woman being rescued more than 24 hours after the six-story building crumbled. it prompted calls to delay demolition, but officials warned that waiting is risky, too. >> it is the opinion of the structural engineer that any additional search operations in the area of that pile of debris should be avoided due to potential collapse. we are currently evaluating the

risk assessment of where we can go back into that building to do this other search. amna nawaz: --geoff bennett: it's not clear what caused the collapse, but the building was 116 years old, and residents had complained of problems going un-addressed. in eastern canada, 16,000 people are under evacuation orders as wildfires rage near halifax, in nova scotia. strong winds have driven flames through dry timber and burned some 200 homes and other buildings. today, fire officials said there's still too much fuel for the fires. >> that is why it is so important that we respect these evacuation zones and stay out, we are not asking them to stay away from the poems because it is what we want to do, we are asking because it is the safest thing for them to do. geoff bennett: the evacuation zone is just a 30-minute drive from downtown halifax.

a federal appeals court in new york has cleared the way for purdue pharma's opioid settlement. today's ruling protects the owners the sackler family from civil lawsuits. they already agreed to contribute up to $6 billion dollars to the settlement. the u.s. justice department still objects, and could appeal to the supreme court. on wall street stocks were , mixed, as investors waited to see if congress approves the debt limit deal. the dow jones industrial average lost 50 points the nasdaq rose 41 points. the s&p 500 was barely changed. still to come on the "newshour", how rosalynn carter's dementia diagnosis mirrors the struggles of many other american families. u.s. colleges divided over whether to end legacy admissions and a blend of science and art helps improve patients' neurological health. >> from the walter cronkite school of journalism.

amna nawaz: for the first time since russia's invasion of ukraine, civilian areas of moscow came under a drone attack this morning. russian authorities blamed ukraine for at least eight strikes in the capital city. five drones were shot down but three wandered into residential areas, damaging buildings and causing residents to evacuate. ukraine did not claim any direct involvement. the rare strikes inside russia followed yet another barrage of russian air attacks on ukraine's capital city of kyiv in a sign of escalating tensions. >> moscow awoke to the sound of war for the first time since its war on ukraine residents heard loud bangs and saw plumes of smoke in the russian capital . at least three buildings were hit and evacuated. eyewitnesses saw the war come home there was a deafening bank as if it was strong thunder struck somewhere near. i thought it was caused by air defence systems

because i live in the area. there were many emergency services on site and it was visible that the top of the house was damaged. >> vladimir putin blamed ukraine and called it provocation. vladimir putin now, as we know, : they have gone as far as drone attacks. they are provoking us to do the same, we will see what can be done. >> one man had an idea of what to do. a paramilitary force lashed out at the russian defense ministry, he has been waging a fierce public relations campaign against those running russia's war. >> get up to defend this country! you are the ministry of defense,

you did not do anything to advance, the fact that they fly to your home, layer houses burn, what do ordinary people do when explosives crash into their windows? >> ukrainian capital look up to another series of overnight airstrikes, the her to hit kyiv. this destroyed one person's home. those who survived this strike fear the next one. >> i am angry, i think everyone feels scared when something is flng towards them. we have all survived but we think of what would happen next. >> 17 such attacks have hit kyiv this month, terrifying children who ran for shelter. >> what impact will the attack aside russia how people perceive

putin's war in ukraine? we turn to the leader of a survey clinic in poland. more broadly, tell us about the public opinion polling, what does it show you about russian sentiment and support for the war in ukraine? >> general support is pretty high. about 75%. if you look deeper we see that only 50% is in strong support and another 30% has some circumstantial supportthey joined the majority and we see 25%, the core hawkish respondents. i think about 20 or 25% of whom

may see the russian as several different circles of support. >> have you seen anything that tells you whether or not these drone strikes would have an impact on that level of support? >> what we see that single thing is it does -- single attacks does not have much impact on support of the russian military and russian president. they had some discussions of previous drone attacks on the kremlin. people were in moscow and discussing it, saying probably some problems, the kremlin, putin is there, what can we simple people expect? apart from this, i would say that they are pretty ok. pretty stable.

of course, that different explanation -- there are different explanations for this, they have no more resourceful worry. they are too tired of worrying and they are trying to adjust >>. >>what about the impact of the sanctions over time? we heard from president biden and leaders in the western alliance these would have great impact not just on the elites and those around president biden but more generally on the russian people, have those and eroded support over time? >> we saw that there was a shock in the beginning. and then people adjusted, the biggest group of functions was influenced -- sanctions was inflation, putting vindman putin under control by the end of spring and at least

50% of our respondents say we will develop our own industry. government was not doing it for 30 years and with the west pulling out we will do so. the most sanctions of the big oligarchs which ordinary russians do not like, they say that is good. otherwise, i would say we do not see big impacts, maybe more educated, more influent -- more fluent respondents say it is like a toxin, it will ripple over time. the majority of russia does not really care that much. >> how is it that the russian government has been able to seemingly cushion the russian public from really feeling any impact of this war? >> i think because russian government invested a one of

resources into it. not only state media that provides a narrative that the house accepts the situation, but also money. the economic stability. i think you have the banking system collapse last spring, we have been discussing different things right now. also, social spending for -- we saw that not only families and actually people who are taking the special military information is here. they have relatively high money, high social packages for ordinary russians and we saw at the end of last year the government increased salaries in the state sector and increased

pensions. it helped people accept this. amna nawaz: that is denis volkov, director of the levada center in moscow. >> thank you. geoff bennett: former first lady rosalynn carter has been diagnosed with dementia. that news comes about three months after it was announced that her husband, former president jimmy carter, was moving into hospice care. caregiving has been a major focus of mrs. carter's life and work. william brangham looks at that legacy and the impact dementia has on millions of families. >> geoff, rosalynn carter has long focused on the importance of mental health ever since leaving the white house. in fact, she founded an institute for caregiving years later. more than 50 million people worldwide have dementia. and in the statement announcing mrs. carter's condition, her team said that about 1 in 10

americans who are 65 and older have dementia. kathyrn cade is vice chair of the carter center and serves on the carter center's mental health task force. she's a longtime friend of the first lady and a former aide from when she was in the white house. thank you so much for being here. as i mentioned you worked with the former first lady in the white house and have been a friend and advisor ever since. for a woman who has dedicated so much of her life to caregiving and mental health care, this news must land with a particular resonance and significance? >> she has been a mental health advocate for more than 50 years and she has constantly and worked to fight the the mental h field and keeps us from providing support to family caregivers who are on the front line when a diagnosis like dementia is made. i think ms. carter has always

been a fierce advocate of speaking out and speaking honestly and openly about mental health challenges and supporting the needs of caregivers and so, while i personally are deeply saddened by the news today, i think this gives us an opportunity to talk openly with our families and with our policymakers and with others in our community about what we need to do to advance federal programs and support for people who are struggling with mental illness and in the caregiving world. we know it is the beginning of a long and complex journey. >> this comes after president carter revealed the news about his care. the carter's have always been very frank about their health conditions. that seems very intentional to chip away at this stigma? >> when the family decided to make this announcement, they

thought they were doing something that had always been a party for ms. carter and the is to promote better public understanding of these issues and to really encourage many more conversations both within families and also among our policymakers. at the end of the day what ms. carter has fought for for over 50 years is to increase support and resources that are available to help families and individuals with mental health problems and help those who are in the caregiver role. >> speaking of those resources, nearly 6 million americans are suffering with dementia or other alzheimer's related conditions. not everyone will get the kind of care that a former first lady would. generally speaking, what kinds of resources are available for people and their caregivers in the country now? >> i am someone lasted with dementia in my own family and i think the most important message i wanted delivered his people

need to reach out and reach out to their local physicians and areas on aging, they can reach out to others in the faith community, the most important message i want to deliver is that it is a complex situation and people really need to take advantage of the resources that are available. we know that there are many people in this country as you say who do not have access to good support systems and could care. -- good care. for the country as a whole we need to recognize that that job is not yet done, until he acknowledged that there is a caregiving crisis, we are failing our families. one of the -- as the carter family faces this particular journey, i am confident that they will do this with the same

grace and integrity that they have approached every other challenge and i think for ms. carter they will aroach this in the same way that they have lived their lives for over 35 years which is together. and so, i think that message of courage, that message of compassion, that message of empathy for people who are dealing with these major life experiences is very important and i think that we need to mobilize across this country. you can make major changes in how we finance mental health care. you can get to a point where mental health is treated the same way as physical health. you can get to the point where every family that is on a caregiving journey knows that they are not alone and that they can be supportive and helped in that journey.

that is important. it is important they reach out to others to get that help and support. >> thank you so much for talking with us. >> thank you, it has been an honor to talk about this and rosalynn carter. ♪ geoff bennett:ur expected to issue its ruling on the use of race in college admissions and many court watchers expect the court to further limit or ban the use of race outright. the case is focusing attention once again on other admissions practices that may need to change, including legacy applicants, the children of alumni who often have preference and who are overwhelmingly white and from affluent families. evan mandery of the john jay college of criminal justice has studied this closely and wrote a book about it titled, “poison ivy: how elite colleges divide us.” he joins me now for our series, “rethinking college.”

thank you for. why did colleges start giving -- thank you for being with us, why did colleges start use legacy pn aided as an anti-semitic policy, it was way too exclude jews. there is no ethical explanation. geoff bennett: how do legacy admissions work as a fund-raising tool? >> there is no evidence whatsoever that legacy preference bolsters fundraising and more obvious case is m.i.t. which is never practiced legacy or donor preference. it has an been dominant $5 billion and a couple of sociological studies have found no relationship between legacy and alumni generosity. one would expect there to be

one. geoff bennett: when you say there is no ethical justification, explain? >> access is supposed to be equitable, legacy is just a wording for accidents at birth. that is not what education is supposed to be. geoff bennett: from the affirmative action case we have mentioned, harvard university data showed between 2010 and 2015 the acceptance rate was five point seven times higher than the acceptance rate for non-legacy applicants. what does that suggest about the role of wealth and access in the admissions process? >> the wealth and affluence is a significant protector of success in the college admissions process, you can relate to the schools with the highest endowments. the schools that could most

afford to be equitable. the legacy bump is about six times, it is higher for donors and the children of faculty and staff and the good athletes, 16 times multiplier. it is overwhelmingly people only wash division i college football andasketball, they think there is sniffing lack representation but all of the sports at these colleges favor whites. geoff bennett: many have eased off legacy preferences, how have they done and what has it meant for enrollment? >> no discernible impact on enrollment whatsoever. two things with, who we let in and the stories that we tell about people who we let in. legacy is legitimating affluent people's admission. what is worth about it is a creates the mh -- worse about

it is it perpetuates his idea and invites the best and the brightest when it is actually bringing in the rich and the richest. >> somere defending the practice and they sent an institution that was made in the family, the duke family, how does that translate into the way that we behave? the idea you would ban legacy admissions or any particular factor as a consideration is troublesome, there are a lot of people who will hear that and think that makes sense. what is your argument against it? >> is a painful argument to listen to from a college president. those are the types of arguments that plantation owners used to defend slavery. it is not because it is the way we have always done it that it is an ethical defense of continuing an indefensible practice. geoff bennett: why cannot

private institutions use admission systems they deem appropriate to arrive at a class that reflects the diversity of backgrounds and worldviews? >> that is a great question but i will say they can do whatever they want. the question is whether they are going to be entitled to non- profit status. colleges receive tax benefits which sociologists estimate to be $20 billion a year. if they are going to get your contribution to your alma mater is tax-exempt, their earnings on the tax-exempt at all of these colleges get preferential treatment in real state and state taxes. if they're going to do that they need to act in the public interest. if what they want to do is act as for-profit colleges they should say that is what their business is and they would be able to do whatever they want so long as it does not violate the constitution. geoff bennett: he is a professor with the john jay college of criminal justice.

>> thank you. ♪ amna nawaz: it is called neuro- arts, connecting the arts with our health. jeffrey brown is it at the john hopkins medical school in baltimore to see the progress firsthand, that is for arts and culture series, canvas. >> relate to the -- taking a long look at a painting, all examples of how the arts are becoming more incorporated into medicine and says susan, a growing understanding of how art can literally reshape or rewire our brains. >> connects different circuits, connects different systems and different mechanisms within the

brain. and what's interesting about the arts, and different art forms certainly have different attributes, is that they simultaneously work with different parts of the brain. i think that what we're seeing now is the language of the science of the arts is becoming more systematic. >> mag'saman is co-author with ivy ross, a vice president for design at google, of the new book, “your brain on art: how the arts transform us.” >> the book is really very focused on understanding how our brains and bodies change on art. and how by knowing that we can really think about our health and well-being in ways that we might not have thought about it in the past. >> it's a field that's been growing in recent decades. the book pulls togethe research and practice, there is a tour of ongoing examples of the john hopkins university international arts and mind lab.

enter the bee gees and a violinist who is studying the potential of improving memory loss experienced by alzheimer's patients and others. -- the bee gees or rather dr. alexander pantelyat, a neurologist and himself a violinist, who's studying the potential for improving memory loss experienced by alzheimer's patients and others. >> we know that music impacts multiple networks in the brain simultaneously. simply listening to a song can activate much of the brain at once. so therein lies the challenge of studying these different patterns of activation and trying to separate them. therein also lies the promise of what music can do for people with different conditions and just for healthy aging more generally. >> if you recognize it, join. if you pick up -- >> i do not recognize it. >> in a current study, patients receive 8 weeks of twice-a-week music therapy delivered via zoom to their homes. before and after, they undergo memory tests

and a brain mri, during which they listen to a favorite song, but also to a scrambled version of the same song. we know music therapy helps, pantalyat says, but not exactly how, for example, our brains process music and, perhaps, mamory networks strengthen as they unscramble a familiar song. >> the other thing we do not know is how frequently or how long we should be exposing music therapy. >> the actual application of music therapy? >> yes. >> this is a short-term study, an eight week intervention, what i want to see is larger studies conducted in multiple centers of the same time that take place over a longer period of time. we will be able to see if these interventions can actually slow cognitive decline and slow memory loss and that is really our holy grail. >> when he turns his head will

have control. >> another kind of creative therapy called i-dolphin, immersive innovation in which patients suffering from loss of movement become a dolphin named bandit. the sensor allowing them to swim freely in an underwater world. bandit was logan, a 25 year old suffering from a neurological disorder impacting the use of his arms and legs. >> you can play with the dolphin, eat all of the fish you want. you get to do all of this stuff because people who play are going through stressful times. >> it is an opportunity to leave the hospital room, leave this environment where you cannot do anything. you cannot get up or get down on your own and be successful in this moment. >> bring that arm up really big and hold until you reach the top. when you get there you will move like that.

>> there is more says sondra. researchers are hoping that therapy can help retrain the brain and limbs to a cognitive motor skills in a noninvasive and even fun way. >> we are breaking the glass because it is a shift in what week do for patients which is the traditional standard ot pt and speech which is incredibly important. this is different, when we do higher loads of training ain the early phase we can optimize neural plasticity. these patients are sick, it has to be done thoughtfully and it has to be smart and has to be done by the right people. >> there is a growing awareness of arts' impact on the caregivers themselves whether it is a short break from a bit of classical guitar or something more formal. >> one of the biggest problems

in medicine right now is that patients do not feel recognized by their doctors as people. there are contrasts here, a lion being ferocious, -- >> looking at discussing making art says dr. margaret chisholm should be part of medical school education. a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences cites evidence that visual thinking strategies help doctors see and act in new ways. >> medical education and training is inherently dehumanizing. students are selected because they are able to do really well in science and math. they are not necessarily exposed or they do not expose themselves to the arts and humanities where you are exploring questions like what it means to be human, what is the? meaning of being a physician even the arts are another way to really start to think about what we need not as a luxury but i

have to have for our health and well-being. >> that is the message tt the authors want to get across in their new book and a sense of just how far the research and practice of your brain on art have come in the past decades. >> the fact that there is science that is really beginning to show the neural plasticity, the changes in neurotransmitters and the theological -- physiological changes and the results on the body, we are being able to provide an evidence -- being able to prove we will have more applications and ways to see that show up in our daily lives. ♪ >> i am jeffrey brown at the john hopkins university of medicine in baltimore. amna nawaz: and that's the

newshour for tonight. i'm amna nawaz. geoff bennett: and i'm goeff bennett, have a great evening. >> you do not need vision to do most things in life. yes, i am legally blind, yes i am responsible for the user interface. data visualization, if i can see it and understand it quickly, anyone can. it is exciting to be part of a team driving technology forward. i think that is the most rewarding thing. people who know, know bdo. >> consumer cellular has been offering no contract wireless plans designed to help people do more of what they like. our customer service team can help find a plan that fits you. to learn more visit consumer cellular.tv. ♪ >> carnegie corporation of new

york supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international security at carnegie.org. with the ongoing support of these institutions. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ ♪

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