♪ >> good evening. >> i am geoff bennett. on the newshour, congress takes up the debt ceiling deal with only days left to avoid a default. we speak with republican >> and democratic lawmakers. >>drone attacks damage buildings in moscow for the first time since the war began, while russia ramps up its own strikes against key of. >> first lady rosalynn carter diagnosed with dementia after dedicating much of her life around the stigma and caregiving. major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by.

♪ >> the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of the newshour including kathy and paul anderson and camilla and george smith. >> we are a proud supporter of public television. on a voyage with us, the world awaits. a world of flavor, diverse destinations, and immersive experiences. a world of entertainment and british style. all with our white stars service. ♪ >> pediatric surgeon, volunteer -- a raymond james financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live your

life. life well planned. ♪ >> the knight foundation, fostering communities. more at kf.or ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. jeff: welcome to the newshour. the debt limit deal forged by

president biden and kevin mccarthy tonight heads into a crucial final stretch with less than one week to win congressional approval before a default deadline. >> both parties are po opposinge agreement but they say they will push it to passage. our correspondent begins our coverage. correspondent: president biden and house speaker kevin mccarthy are racing to secure the votes needed to pass the debt ceiling deal. >> i am not sure what in the big people are concerned about. it is the largest savings of 2.1 trading dollars we have ever had. at correspondent: the white house the director of the office of management and budget urged congress to pass quickly. >> this agreement represents a compromise which means no one gets everything they want and her choices had to be made. correspondent: vanessa: vanessa: there bipartisan compromise suspends the debt ceiling until january 2025 beyond the next

presidential election. it also imposes modest federal spending cuts over the next two, eases permitting for energy projects, and increases work requirement for food stamp recipients, but president biden and speaker mccarthy are facing pushback from republican and democrats alike as they try to sell their plan. progressive democrats have criticized the process and some of the bill's provisions like work requirements for low income americans receiving benefits. >> we think it is right to get this done but for progressive to say know this entire process where the american economy could be held for ransom, that is a no go. correspondent: some republicans like chip roy of texas state the bipartisan package does not do enough to cut spending. chip roy: not one republican should vote for this deal. it is a bad deal. no 1 -- to borrow an additional

$4 trillion -- no one sent us here to borrow an additional $4 trillion to get absolutely nothing in return come about at best, if i'm being really generous, a spending freeze for a couple of years. correspondent: right is a member of the house rules committee which prevented -- presented the first major test for the deal this afternoon as it debated the 99-page bill. democrats like jim mcgovern of massachusetts accused republicans of risking a default. >> by weaponizing the debt ceiling, republicans are stabbing a president that will haunt us for ever, that one party can use the full faith and credit of the united states as a hostage to pass their wildly unpopular ideas. with less than one correspondent: week to go before a potential historic default, some republicans also threatened mccarthy's speakership. >> if we take mccarthy out with different the pap's but those republicans have to avoid being destroyed themselves by voting

for this. correspondent: still, republican house leaders eressed confidence that the deal would ultimately pass. for the previous newshour -- >> more than two dozen house republican side that were not back the debt limit deal, saying mccarthy made too many concessions to the white house during negotiations and one of them is the chair of the house freedom caucus and i spoke with him earlier today. congressman perry, welcome and thank you for joining us. i am assuming a majority of the caucus will support this bill. he would need a significant chunk of your conference to sink it. do you have those folks and what does your math tell you? >> we are not whipping against it. we are informing the members which look, they just found out, the text, the text of the bill that existed on saturday night. the text came out sunday evening and so you know into monday, people are reading it. it is 100 pages so it not a

big bill but you have to read through the legislative language to see with the moneys coming from and going to end it can be very confusing. for instance in the bill it says we are resending some covid money but you would think that would go back to the treasury to pay down the debt. it's not going to the treasury. we are banking it, putting it in another account to spend up laterth sato s i for them and there are other things like the 87,000 irs agents and $80 billion, rescinding $1.4 billion that, or extensively trying to stop the irs from hiring more people to investigate americans, but they keep basically the $78.6 million they have in the bank that was given in a lump sum appreciation but they can spend at any time so it really does not stop anything and so those of the things that members are finding out about and when they find out about them they say i did not sign up for this and i am not voting for this. >> you have made clear you do

not support this bill and as we know any remember -- member of the republican conference can move forward with a motion to vacate and remove speaker mccarthy from the speakership. if you do not have the votes to sink this bill and the bill moves forward would you move to removepeaker mccarthy? >> we will have that discussion after this is done, but we are not done yet. this is an rules committee could there still might be an amendment and it might not pass on the floor so i am never willing to handicapped this kind of things because you can get out ahead of your skis pretty quickly and it's hard real things back in so right now we are focused on this in the depth ceiling, and the fact quite honestly, that the senate has not passed anything. still you know this reluctant that's reluctance to come to works of the house has had to negotiate against its own position, not where we should be. we have passed a bill in the house of representatives to deal with this and we think it is high time that the senate passes something even a hearing or even marks up, the bill text that

can be passed before we ask house members were you willing to give up to not have this circumstance on this debt where we are right now. understand that this offers unlimited spending for the next two years, so that is essentially i don't know $4 trillion to six train dollars and we will be 36 train dollars in debt at the end of this term because there is no cap or limit whatsoever on this. this is exactly what president biden said in demanded back in january. we will >> congressman let me ask you let me ask if i make because i know your time is leave it -- limited said senator mcconnell says he back bill and held mccarthy for winning concessions from the white house and called on his senate colleagues to move port quickly on this but again, if you do not have votes to end this bill i should mention to you that yr colleague chip roy said as part of the deal for mr. mccarthy to secure the speakership he agreed there needed to be unanimous

republican consent on the rules committee for a bill to move forward. if that is true and he does not have unanimous consent and moves forward, would you remove him from the speakership? >> like i said>d, we will not talk about ifs right now. there might be a great amendment that comes from that so we will not handicap things like that because it is not productive. the american people are tired of paying too high prices for gasoline and groceries and everything they buy and it is all stemming from this overspending at the federal level. that is what we are focused on right now. once we get done with that we can come back and talk about other things. >> the timeline sir is what it is so i have to ask are you essentially abdicating for a default here? you are near days away from that date. >> no, there will not be default. numberne, janet yellen has no credibility in, actually she

started lping out the inflation rise to the level it is when she was at the fed than she did not see inflation coming even as they passed a $1.7 trillion on the bus. >> you say you do not believe the date that she has put forward is that right? >> first of all i call that into question and second about we know that june all the quarterlies will come in and the federal government will be flush with revenues that come in so all they have to do is get to the middle of the month and that issue -- >> if i made, goldman sachs has put forward june 8 or june 9 as their x-date. do you believe that? >> i don't know. we can call back the covid money off of it and put it towards the debt and clawback all of that $80 billion for the irs and put that towards a debt immediately and do that right tonight and the rules committee and change the trajectory of all this and that is the kind of stuff we are looking for so that we can find some space to negotiate and where the senate can actually pass a bill.

speaker mccarthy >> and president biden would say the negotiating has already happened in these are the concessions on these are where the two sides came together and they would point out you don't have the boats to kill this four. -- two. is that true? that >> may be true but these are the folks who have not pass the bill for the ball president biden is in the legislature and does not pass any bills and we know this has to go before the senate and white does everybody assume that the senate is just going to pass this just because mitch mcconnell said so? it does not mean that may be democrats are unhappy and there are certainly republicans who are not thrilled over there. once again the senate has not to stop in for there to be in real negotiation between the two sides and parties it requires the senate to pass a bill. >> scott perry of pennsylvania chair of the house freedom caucus, thank you for making the time to join us today. >> thank you. i appreciate that. jeff: the white house is urging democrats to support the deal

ahead of tomorrow's expected boat but a handful of members have yet to decide if they were back it. others are raising concerns over some provisions including busywork requirements for food stamp recipients. joining us now is the congresswoman from michigan. thank you for being with us. we just heard the republicans congressman scott perry expresses frustration about the processing that he feels that the house has been forced into a position of negotiating against itself. you have express in frustration as well saying you felt like you were held hostage by this process. now that you have had time to read the bill and ask questions from the white house about the privations contain in it, do you still deal that way and what is your assessment of this compromise? >> first of all i feel like were being held hostage in the fact of the matter is the country cannot default, period. in the conquered quinces are scary and intimidating and we uld be harming our economy for years to come, hurting seniors, children, i could go to the list of default is not an option but that is why were being held hostage because i am one of the people who has read all 100

pages of this bill and asking questions for three days and there are things in this bill that i would clearly not support. i believe people and would you talk about the environmental provisions which by the way why are they part of this? uh, people focus on the west virginia pipeline and focus on that, but i have read the bill and i think it guts the heart of the, what is considered the magna carta of environmental laws around the world and i believe that communities have the right. do i think the bill needs to be modernized, yes, but they need to have a say about the water, air and ground and people don't understand the consequences. two, when you talk about work requirements, raising the age for people 50 to 54, well, there is a group i'm really worried about which is women whoave had to leave the workforce during this pandemic. it is the sandwich generation.

they are caregivers. the definition of a dependent eligible as a child one to six for someone totally invalid, they can't so most seniors don't fall into that definition. jeff: well let me ask you gifts that given your concerns are you inclined to vote in favor of the bill? >> i am undecided because i know we can't default and i am angry we are in this position and i am looking for answers to questions and i am still talking to my colleagues and talking to the jeff: president biden had saidar for weeks and for months that he would not negotiate on the depth. he said that as a matter of principle. now he has effectively done d compromise is not a dirtyss.

word and we need to be talking to each other and listening to each other and quite frankly if you look at the record i said it was month ago when somebody asked me, so i am always the person who says, sit at the table and talk early about the issues. jeff: in exchange for republican support the white house agreed to cap federal spending for the next two years. what does that mean in a practical sense in which of the american people expect? >> well, one of the questions we are asking is what does it mean, because defense spending will increase by 3%. we are protecting veterans. that is something we are all happy about but social security should not be touched but what are the programs that will be cut?and quite frankly there are still a lot of questions about that. there are a lot of questions about the covid spending and what money will still be there and what is obligated. communities across the country

are concerned now because they did not come they thought they had until 2024 to spend that money and i have been telling my communities that if you need that money you should be spending it now, but there are now a lot of questions and that is part of the problem the way this has been done, down to last-minute crises that we can't and we know can pay our bills but were making deals like this that should not be done. they should be part of regular order. jeff: the white house says that this bill represents a good outcome and it is consistent with past bipartisan budget agreements and they are effectively think this could have been a lot worse given the fact that they are dealing with the divide congress. do you accept that argument? >> well often when i end meetings i get, this could have been a lot worse and this is what could have been in it and by the way, i do believe it could have been a lot worse but this is a budget deal and we are putting things in there like permitting, which by the way we

do need to address but i think people are not paying enough attention to actually what's in there that it could actually gut major environmental laws so you know i just feel in between a rock and a hard place, and i know that we have got to do something to raise the debt limit because that outcome is unacceptable and i am unhappy with what is in the bill. if these were issues that were being voted on not included in this package, i would not be voting for them. across jeff: the house there are more than two dozen no votes, will there be enough support to ensure this bill passage from democrats and that we avoid default? >> to a person i know everybody in the democratic caucus knows that default is not ok. i think everybody is waiting to see how many republicans will vote for this bill. i think that a lot of people are just very unhappy about where we are and that we are down to a

finish line like we are where the consequences are so real that if we do not raise the debt ceiling uh so, so i think a lot of people know we have to protect our country. jeff: thank you for joining us. >> lisa desjardins has been counting the votes and falling every twist and turn on capitol hill throughout the day and joins us now. lisa, the first hurdle is that house rules committee. you just left. where do things stand? lisa: that's right the house rules committee dominated by republicans and republicans can only lose two votes on that committee if they're going to get through. we think they have lost as votes, but the third swing vote, thomas massie of kentucky a short time ago when i was in the room and announced that he is a yes or essentially moving this bill out of committee. you heard probably just now a sigh of relief from speaker kevin mccarthy getting that

vote. he is among those who does not still love the bill and it is not clear how he will vote on the floor, but that was a very big moment at least in moving forward and potentially setting up about as republicans are likely to do tomorrow for the bill overall. where are we in terms of those votes tomorrow? i spoke with the house number part of the gop leadership team who told me that they are having not done a full count yet but think they're getting their hands around the questions members have and they are feeling good about it. this is just to say what you're two interview showed, we do not know where the votes go, but you need more than 214 to defeat a bill, and now we have 30 so it is a long way for opponents like scott perry to go. as you >> just heard, some of those loudest critics of the hard right republicans. what does your latest reporting mean for all of the concerns we have heard from them? lisa: right. i'm sorry, can you repeat that

question? ama: the concerns from those far right republicans that they cannot get behind this bill and we just heard the thomas massie moved it out of the committee, but are those concerns? lisa: that's right. as republicans or think they do not believe kevin mccarthy when he says it is a $2.1 trillion savings in this bill. we are waiting for a score from the congressional budget office, but they have yet to get the full complement, even her right conservatives, on board with what they're doing so i think they have yet to make a full argument clear in terms of getting everybody. this is for them mostly about spending cuts and i do think right now it is not exactly clear where all the republicans will end up. what about >> >> on the democratic side what are you hearing from them? lisa: the interview with her was really important.

she does not try to make herself and differentiate from other democrats. the fact she is having doubts is something they should pay attention to. she also talked about something that is not spoken about a lot on bill this bill. there are $70 billion involved in this not in the bill, a handshake, a gentleman's agreement and that something democrats are worried about but how do they guarantee it goes through? all of this in the air today and that is why it is so gusty here on capitol hill, people feeling this way and that way and not settling into where they were ama: vote. sublease of the big question here is due president biden and speaker mccarthy have enough pull with their parties to get the votes they need in the house? it four is a test for president biden and some people thought that he spend more time with us senate than the house. he has a relationship with progressives that is important now, a test of kevin mccarthy. republicans generally always go

with the most conservative outlook. here carthy is saying less work in a bipartisan say-so it is a real test, also a test for mccarthy and so far there is only one member who says they want to vote to oust him from the job. it takes more than that but it is hanging over his head. following every twist and turn ama: ama: with more ahead i'm sure. lisa, thank you. good to see you. leeann morgan: good to see you --lisa: good to see you? ♪ stephanie: i am stephanie sy with the latest headlines. an update, the house rules committee has voted late tonight to seven -- send the debt ceiling bill to the full house for consideration tomorrow. members voted in favor 7-6 and thomas massie voted in favor while gop members chip roy and ralph norman voted against the measure. north korea made a failed attempt to launch its first by satellite into space late today.

the government news agency said that the rocket crashed into the sea. north korea vowed to conduct a second lunch soon and a satellite launch would be a violation of the united nations security council resolutions. police in hollywood, florida searching for three suspects after a memorial day shooting at a beach wounded at least nine people and a one-year-old. edo shows crowds fleeing was a gunfight erupted an official said today that what happened was beyond reckless. >> it is something certainly not ordinary to bearrying a weapon here on the beach. when you do something like this in broad daylight with cct -- cctv cameras you will be identified and caught and brought to justice. stephanie: two suspects are in custody in six of the wounded remain hospitalized today. a federal trial began in pittsburgh and -- in the deadliest anti-semitic attack in u.s. history. in an opening statement a defense lawyer admitted her client is guilty.

robert bowers is accused of opening fire at the tree of life synagogue in 2018, killing 11 worshipers. the defense is expected to focus on trying to prevent a death sentence. why people are still unaccounted for after an apartment building in davenport iowa partially collapsed on sunday and officials say two people could be buried in the rubble. last night video showed a woman being rescued more than 24 hours after the six-story building crumbled and prompted calls to delay demolition but officials warned that waiting is risky too. >> it is the opinion of the structural engineer that any additional search operations in the area of that pile of debs should be avoided due to potential collapse. we are currently evaluating the risk assessment of where we can go back into that building to do this other search. stephanie: it is not clear what caused the collapse but the building was 116 years old and

presidents had complained of problem -- residents had complained of problems going unaddressed. a court has cleared the way for purdue pharma's settlement that protects the sackler family from civil lawsuits. they already agreed to contribute up to $6 billion to the settlement. the u.s. justice department still objects and could appeal to the supreme court. still to come on the newshour, how rosalynn carter's dementia diagnosis mirrors american families. diversion over whether to end legacy admissions. and a blend of science and art helps to improve the neurological health of patients. ♪ >> this is pbs newshour west, from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. ♪ ama: for the first time since russia's invasion of ukraine, civilian areas of moscow came

under a drone attack this morning and russian authorities blamed ukraine for at least eight strikes in the capital city and five drones were shut down but three wandered into residential areas damaging buildings and causing residents to evacuate and ukraine did not claim any direct involvement. the rare strikes inside russia follow a barrage of attacks on kiev and a sign of escalating tensions. moscow awoke to the sights and sounds of war the first time since it invaded ukraine. loud explosions, plumes of smoke in the russian capital, at least three buildings hit and evacuated. for these eyewitnesses, the war had come home. >> [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] around 4:00, as if a deafening bank struck somewhere near and i came out and there were many emergency services on the site. it was visible at the top of the house that it was damaged. >> [speaking in foreign language] translator: i don't even know.

it is scary. you sit at home and this thing flies in your window. of course it is dangerous and scary. correspondent:correspondent: the drones targeted a posh neighborhood home to russian elite, including president putin. he blamed ukraine and called at provocation. >> [speaking in foreign language] translator: now as we know they have gone as far as drone attacks. we are not worried by this but efforts to provoke a russian response. that appears to be the end. they are provoking us to do the same. we will see what can be done. one man correspondent: had an idea of what to do. , the head of the pella marriott terry force fighting in ukraine lashed out at the russian defense ministry. he has been waging a fierce public relations campaign against those running russia's >> war. >>[speaking in foreign language] translator: get her -- up from the offices in which you are to defend this country. you are the ministry of defense. you did not do a thing to advance. the fact that they fly into your home, the -- with you that your

house burn. and what you ordinary people do with drones with explosives when they crash into their windows. correspondent:correspondent: the ukrainian capital also woke up to yet another series of overnight airstrikes, the third day in kiev and 24 hours in one strike at this high-rise destroying what was once someone's home. one woman was killed in four others injured and those who survived the strike dear the next one. >>speaking in foreign language] translator: i am stressed and angry. i think everyone feels scared when something is flying towards them. we have all survived but we think of what will happen next. [explsions] correspondent: at least 17 such attacks have hit kiev this month, terrifying children who ran for shelter. ama: what impact will be attacks have on how the russian people perceive the war in ukraine. we turned to dennis volk of,

director of the lovato center in moscow which conducts polling. welcome. as you know, these strikes seem to be bringing this war closer to home for russians, but more broadly, tell us about your public opinion polling and what does it show you about russian sentiment and support for the war in ukraine? dennis: well general support is pretty high uh about 75%, but if you look deeper, we see that only 50% is a strong support and another 25% they have circumstantial support. they join the majority. they have a lot of quorums about what is happening. -- concerns about what is happening. in 25% is the core hawkish -- so about 20% to 25% for putin. he is a hero -- as long as kievr

, sewed several different circles of support. ama: and have you seen anything that tells you whether or not these drone strikes would have any impact on that level of support? dennis: what we see is that uh single ones do not have impact on support of russian military, of russian president. actually we had some discussions of previous drone attacks on the criminal and people in moscow were discussing and saying well, yes, it is probably a problem in putin is there, what can we simple people expect? but apart from this, i would say pretty ok, pretty stable and of course there are different explanations for this and some

respondents safe they have more -- no more. they are too tired of worrying and they just try to adjust as it is. ama: what about the impact of the sanctions especially over time? we heard a lot from president biden and leaders in the western alliance that these would have great impact not just on the elites but those around president putin but more generally on the russian people. have those at all eroded support over time? dennis: well actually we saw there was a shock in the beginning in march and april last year but then people adjusted. of course the biggest impact of sanctions was inflation but it was taken under control by the end of spring, and actually with at least 50% of our respondent sanctions are popular and people saying that we would develop our

own industry. government was not doing it for 30 years. now the west will force us to do so and absolutely i would say the most popular sanctions are on big oligarchs which ordinary russians do not like. they say yes, that is good. otherwise i would say we do not have big impact, though some may be more educated, more informed. some respondents say sanctions are like toxins, they work overtime, but the majority of russians don't uh really care that much. ama: dennis, how is it the russian government have been able to question the russian public from really feeling any impact of this war? dennis: i think because the russian government invested a lot of resources into it. not only state media that

provide narrative that helps to accept the situation, but also money, economic stability. i think if we had a banking system collapsed last spring -- spring, we would be discussing different moods right now. but also social spendings. we saw that not only families but actually people who are taking part in the special military operation as it is known, they got relatively high uh money, high u social -- uh social package for russians, but we saw at the end of last year that the government increased salaries in the state sector, increase pensions, and it helps

people to accept this. jeff: that is dennis volkov joining us tonight. thank you for your time. dennis: thank you. ♪ jeff: former first lady rosalynn carter has been diagnosed with dementia. that news comes three months after it was announced that her husband former president jimmy carter was moving into hospice care. caregiving has been a major focus of her life and work. we look at that vacancy in the impact dementia has on millions of families. correspondent: rosalynn carter has long focused on mental health ever since leaving the white house. in fact, she founded an institute for caregiving years later. more than 50 million people worldwide have dementia and in the statement announcing her condition, her team set about

one in 10 americans 65 or older have dementia. the vice chair of the carter center serves on the mental health task force for the carter center and is a longtime friend of the first lady and a former aid from when she was in the white house. kathy, thank you for being here. i mean as i mentioned, you worked with the former first lady in the white house and have been a friend and advisor ever sense. for a woman who has dedicated so much of her life to caregiving and mental health care, this news today must land with you all with particular resonance and significance. kathy: this carter has been a mental health advocate for more than 50 years and has counsel he to fight the stigma and discrimination that holds back progress in the mental health field and keeps us from providing support to family caregivers who are often the front line was a diagnosis like dementia is made, so i think this is carter has always been uh a fierce advocate of speaking

out honestly and openly about mental health challenges in supporting the needs of caregivers, and so while i am personally deeply saddened by the news today, i think this gives us an opportunity to talk openly uh with our families and policymakers and with others in our community about what we need to do to advance better support for people who are struggling with mental illness and also people in the caregiving world. we know it is the beginning of a long and complex journey. correspondent: as you were saying, this comes a few months after president carter revealed news about his care. the carters have always been frank about their health conditions. is that a part of it that seems intentional to chip away at the stigma? kathy: i think that family when they decided to make the announcement, i think they were doing something that has always

been a priority for misses carter, promote better public understanding of these issues and to really encourage many many more conversations, both within families and also uh among you know our policymakers because at the end of the day what misses carter has fought for for over 50 years is to increase support and resources that are available to help families and individuals deal with mental health problems and help those who are in the caregiver world. correspondent: speaking of those resources we know that 6 million americans are suffering with dementia or other alzheimer's -related conditions and not everyone wilget the care that a former first lady would. generally speaking what kinds of resources are available for people and their caregivers in the country now? kathy: i am someone who has dealt with dementia in my own family and i think the most important message i want to deliver is that people do need to reach out to the local physicians, their -- on aging

and others in the faith community, but um the most important message i want to deliver is that it is a complex integration and people really need to uh take advantage of the resources that are available. now having said that, we know that there are many many people who do not have access touh good support systems -- to uh good support systems in good care. or the country as a whole, we need to recognize that the job is not done. until we acknowledge that there is a caregiver crisis, we are failing our families, and i think -- as the carter family faces this particular journey, i am confident that they would do it with the same courage, grace, same integrity they have

approached every other challenge uh, and i think for president carter and misses carter, they will approach this in the same way they have lived their lives for over 75 years, which is together and so i think that message of courage, that message of compassion, um that message of empathy for people who are dealing with these major life experiences uh is very important and i think that we need to mobilize across this country. you can make major changes in how we financement all health care. you can get to a point where mental health is treated the same as physical health. and you can get to the point where every family that is on a caregiving journey knows that they are not alone and that they can be uh supported and helped in that journey and it is very very important they reach out to others in order to get that help and support. jeff: all right.

kathy, thank you so much for talking with us. kathy: thank you. it has been my honor to talk with you and about misses carter. ♪ jeff: in the coming weeks, the u.s. supreme court is expected to issue its ruling on the use of race in college admissions and many court watchers expect the court to limit or ban the use of race are right. it will focus on other practices that may need to change, including legacy applicants, the children of alumni who often have preference and are often from white and affluent families. our guest has studied this closely and wrote a book about it titled "poison ivy, how elite colleges divide us." he joins us now for our series rethinking college. why did colleges start giving

preferences to children of alumni? and for colleges that still use legacy admissions, how did they justify? it >> well, legacy preference originated as an anti-semitic policy and was used to exclude jews, and there is no ethical justification. colleges just say it's what they've always done and will continue doing it. jeff: most colleges and universities operate on the slim margins, how do legacy admissions work as a fund-raising tool? >> well, there is no evidence legacy preference bolsters fundraising in one case in point is m.i.t. which has never practiced legacy or donor preference and has an endowment of $25 billion and a couple of sociological studies on the relationship between legacy and alumni generosity. jeff: when you say there is no ethical justification, tell me more? >> well education is a human

right, right? access is supposed to be equitable, so it's just rewarding people for accidents of birth and that is not what education is supposed to be about. jeff: through the supreme court affirmative action case we mentioned, harvard university admissions data became public and shows between 2010 and 2015, the acceptance rate for legacy applicants during that period was 33% with a 6% overall acceptance rates of 5.7 times higher than the acceptance rate for non-legacy applicants. what does that suggest about the role of wealth and access in the admissions process? >> right that wealth, that affluence is a significant predictor of success in the college admissions process, particular to ironically to schools with uh the highest endowments with the schools they could afford most to be equitable and um, right, the legacy -- is about six times.

it is higher for donors and the children of faculty and staff and um for recruited athletes, about 16 times multiplier. it is important to remember that overwhelming the right, people watch division i college football and basketball so they think there is significant black representation but almost all of the sportst this colleges favor affluent whites. jeff: for institutions that have eased off the practice of legacy preferences, how have they done in what has it been for enrollments? >> no discernible impact on enrollment. two things with big -- with legacy. one, who do we let in, and two, what are the stories we tell about? that so it is one means that affluent admission but it creates the myth of the people being admitted are the best and the brightest as opposed to many of the rich and the riches. jeff: vincent price the

president of duke university is among those defending the practice. he said to his faculty last year, we are an institution that was made in a family, the duke family. we bear the name of that family and represent family and talk about family so how does that translate into the way we behave?the idea that you would band legacy admissions or any factor as a consideration is troublesome. there are lots of people who will hear that and think that makes sense. what is your argument against it? >> oh, it is a painful argument to listen to from a college president, i mean you know, those of the types of environments that plantation owners used to dend slavery. they cannot just be because it is always the way we have done it that -- jeff: why can't private institutions use the admission system they deem appropriate to arrive aa class that reflects the diversity of backgrounds and

worldviews? >> i think that is a great question jeff, but i will say they can do whatever they want. the question is whether they are going to be entitled to nonprofit status. so, elite colleges collectively receive tax benefits which um a sociologist has estimated to be $20 billion a year, so if they're going to get, and right, her contribution to your alma mater is tax-exempt and the earnings on endowments are taxed exempt -- tax-exempt and they all get preferential treatment, so if they're going to do that but they need to act in the public interest. if they want to act as for-profit colleges, they should say that is what the business is and they would be able to do whatever they want as long as it does not explicitly violate the constitution. jeff: thank you for your time. >> thank you. ♪

ama: called it is neuro-arts or aesthetics in a new book shows the growth and importance of a field that connects the arts with our health. jeffrey brown visited the johns hopkins medical school in baltimore to see the progress firsthand. it is for arts and cultures series, candace. ♪ >> grooving to the bee gees. >> hey, good. >> splashing in the sea as a dolphin. taking a long look at a painting. all examples of how the arts are becoming incorporated into medicine and a growing understanding of how art can literally reshape or rewire our brains. >> it connects different circuits, connects different systems and mechanisms within the brain. different art forms have

different attributes. they simultaneously work with different parts of the brain end were seeing the language of the science of the arts is becoming more systematic. >> she is a vice president of design at google and has a new book, her bring on art. how the arts transform us. >> the book is focused on understanding how our brains and bodies change and by knowing that we can really think about her health and well-being in ways we might not have thought about in the past. >> it is a field that has been growing in recent decades. ♪ the new book pulls together research and practice in they offered us atour at the johns hopkins university school of medicine where she directs the international arts and minds lab. enter the bee gees, or rather

dr. alexander -- himself a violinist to study the potential for improving memory loss experienced by alzheimer's patients and others. >> we know that music impacts multiple networks in the brand simultaneously. simply missing to a song can activate much of the brained at once -brain at once, so therein lies the challenge of studding different patterns of activation and separate them. they are and also lies the promise of what music can do for people with different conditions and just healthy aging generally. >> i will sing it and if you recognize it, you can join. [indiscernible] >> in a current study, patients received therapy delivered to their homes. before and after, they undergo memory brain tests in a mri and

listen to a favorite song, but also a scrambled version of the same song. the music therapy helps, but how? how our brains process music and perhaps memory networks that can strengthen as they unscramble a familiar song. >> the other thing we do not know is exactly what does that music therapy and how frequently for how long should people be exposed to stimuli. >> so the actual application of music therapy could determine -- -- therapy -- >> absolutely. what i want to see next are larger studies connected at the same time to take place over a longer period of time. if we do that we can see that these interventions actually slow cognitive decline on the slope memory loss, and that is really our holy grail. so when he >> turns his head you will have control. >> ok. in a >> nearby building,nother

creative therapy. an immersive animation in which another patient suffering lack of movement becomes a dolphin named bandit and a sensor allowing them to swing freely and eat or be eaten underwater while world. in this case, it was a 25-year-old suffering from a neurological disorder impacting the use of his arms and legs. >> you can play with the dolphin and the fish and all the sharks you want. with all the stuff going on, because, people are generally going through stressful times. >> it is kind of an opportunity to leave the hospital room and leave this environment where you cannot do anything and you cannot get up or get down on your own and be successful in this moment. bring that arm up big big big. hold it until you reach the top and once you get there, you are going to move like that, yeah? >> there is more.

researchers are hoping that therapy can help re-trained to add cognitive motor skills in a noninvasive and fun way. >> we are breaking the glass here because it is a shift in what we traditionally do for patients, which is the traditional standard, which is incredibly important, but this is different. we think that if we do higher loads of training in this early phase that we will have better outcomes and we can optimize it, but these patients are sick so it has to be done thoughtfully and um smart and by the right people. ♪ >> there is also a growing awareness of the impact of art on the caregivers themselves whether it is a short break for a bit of classical guitar. ♪ for something more formal. >> i think one of the biggest problems in medicine right now is that patients do not feel recognized by their doctors as

people. there are also contrasts and what you might expect, a lion being ferocious, right? >> looking at and discussing and making art she says should be part of medical school education. a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, she cites evidence that so-called thinking visual strategies help dr.s seat -- doctors see in the ways. >> it is inherently dehumanizing so students are selected because they're able to do really well in science and math. they are not necessarily exposed or they do not expose themselves to the arts and humanities, where'd you really are exporting questions like what it means to be human and what is the meaning of being a physician. the arts are another way to start to think about what we need, not nice to have or a luxury but have to have for our health and well-being. >> that is the message they want

to get across in their new book. and, a sense of just how far the research and practice of your brained on art has come in the past decades. >> the fact that there is science that is really beginning to show the neural plasticity, the changes in neurotransmitters , the physiological/structural changes in the brain and also the impact on the body, i think we are providing an evidence base and we are evolutionarily wired for the arts and we will have more applications for the ways to see that show up in our daily lives. ♪ >>medicine in baltimore. ama: and that is the newshour for tonight. jeff: thank you for joining us. have a great evening. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.]

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