♪ john: tonight on "pbs news weekend," the challenges faced by native american communities. >> the spiritual and religious rights of these communities. john: then, how a shortage of two critical cancer drugs is forcing doctors to change the way they treat their patients. and the story of the openly gay man who was a driving force in the civil rights movement. ♪ >> major funding for "pbs news weekend" has been provided by --

>> for 25 years, the goal has been to find wireless service to help people communicate and connect. our service team can find a plan that fits you. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ and friends of "the newshour." ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. john: good evening.

i am john yang. high-level efforts to repair u.s.-china relations began today. secretary of state antony blinken met face-to-face with chinese officials in a visit to beijing that had been delayed for months. blinken and the chinese foreign minister met for nearly eight hours. state department officials said the closed-door talks were candid and constructivandns . ontolincoln had intended to vist china in february but postponed the trip after the pentagon spotted a chinese spy balloon drifting across the continental united states. earlier this month, the pentagon said a navy destroyer and the taiwan strait had to slow down to avoid hitting a chinese warship. he has more talks tomorrow and both sides the chinese foreign minister will visit washington in the future. the raeli prime minister said his government will move ahead

this week with his contentious plan to overhaul the justice system. he said efforts at a compromise with the opposition parties had stalled. netanyahu for the plans on hold following months of protests. there were more protests last night. critics say his plan would erode the country's system of checks and balances. in sudan, a new three-day cease fire is in effect brokered by the united states and saudi arabia. it is the latest in a series of attempts that have failed to end the fighting between military factions led by two rival generals. yesterday, the airstrike killed at least 17 civilians in the capital. officials say more than 3000 people have been killed in two months of fighting. it was a deadly night of gun violence across the country leaving at least four people dead and dozens injured. in st. louis, 10 children aged between 15 and 19 were shot.

one person died at a music festival in the small city in washington state, two people were killed and two more injured. in suburban chicago, at least 20 people were shot last night at a juneteenth celebration. one person died. according to the gun violence archive, there have been 310 incidents this year in which four or more people were shot. that arages to nearly two a day. the effects of climate change are evident in india where a days long heatwave has killed nearly 100 people in india's two most populated regions. temperatures reached 109 degrees in some places accompanied by high humidity. voters in switzerland took a step toward cutting the use of fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases. they proved a new law requiring net-zero emissions by 2050 and setting aside more than $3 billion to steer companies and homeowners away from fossil fuels. the vote comes as swiss glaciers

are melting at an alarming rate losing 6% of volume last year alone. still to come, the story of the openly gay civil rights leader. on this father's day, a gay man remembers his father and the advice he gave him on how to live his life. ♪ >> this is "pbs news weekend" from weta studios in washington, home of "pbs newshour weekend" weeknights on pbs. john: for members of dozens of native american nations, crossing tribal lands to go to meetings, cemonies, or to visit family means crossing the international border. that could mean time-consuming delays. officials from one tribe in arizona have drafted what would be the first border crossing procedures specifically for a native american nation.

if adopted by the department of homeland security, the rules could provide a roadmap for other tribes. a reporter and professor join us. how disruptive is this too routine life on tribal lands? >> it is very difficult for a number of the federally recognized tribes as well as other communities that are not recognized along the u.s.-mexico border and being able to maintain an ongoing traditional relationships with community members residing on both sides of the border. for them in particular, there are certain ceremonies, traditional ceremonies, that cannot happen on the u.s. side of the border without a relationship with and assistance from community members on the

mexican side of the border. being able to easily bring across ceremonial performers, community members, traditional healers, into the u.s. in order to actually be able to practice the ceremonies is really significant. in terms of delays, it may sound like we are only talking about an inconvenience, but often times because of the process, traditional processes in the ceremonies, significant delays or the inability sometimes to bring someone across into the u.s. for ceremonial activity can mean the ceremony simply cannot happen or the significance of the ceremony, the power of the ceremony, is taken away. we are seeing an imposition on the spiritual and religious rights of these communities. john: with a broad brush, tell us about the guidelines they

have come up with and they are trying to get dhs to go along with. >> the specifics have not been nailed down yet. overall, one of the main things is time to get training in the border to border agents on the tribe's culture, language, traditions, things to help with what has been described as a lack of cultural awareness. another big one is for this particular tribe having an interpreter. and overall, having more close coordination between the border and the tribes to expedite this process and make it as easy as possible for everyone. john: what is the current state of negotiations with dhs? >> i know the tribe has m with the dhs secretary and they have talked about this, as far as i

know, but i think there is still a ways to go. john: to what extent is this an issue for the native americans of sovereignty, sovereignty for their tribal nations? >> we talk about the ways in which the u.s.-mexico border affects these tribal nations along the southern border, what we are talking about is an imposition of the federal government upon these tribal nations in deciding what should be done on their own tribal lands, what should be done in terms of policymaking with regards to movement of their peoples across traditional territories. tribal nations agree territories need to be protected. but they need to be trusted as tribal nations, sovereign nations, to make decisions about how to best protect their territories. at the moment, because so much decision-making is held in the hands of the federal government and there are no clear

procedures set out that ensures the rights of tribal nations will be protected, it seems the sovereignty of tribal nations is not being respected and is under threat if tribal nations do not have a clear sight in the ways in which these policies and procedures are developed and shared. john: do the members of these tribal nations have the same problems on the mexican side? >> on the mexican side, there ie gardingal movement of peoples across the border. i would say most of the concern is coming from the u.s. side in terms of the various fears that exist on the u.s. side about movements from the south into u.s. territory.

certainly, indigenous populations in mexico and the u.s. are deeply impacted by the current policies that exist at the border. john: is there a chance or possibility this could all get caught up in the politics of border security and immigration? >> it is really hard to know what could happen here. this is not just a policy for one particular tribe. it could potentially be used as a template for dozens of others. it would be a big decision for sure. john: thank you both very much. >> thank you. ♪ john: one of the hallmarks of the pandemic has been shortages of many essential products, everything from diapers to building materials to medicine. one recent shortage has limited the supply of two critical

cancer drugs. >> hospitals and cancer centers are running out of two major injectable cancer drugs. a new survey of cancer centers nationwide found 93% were experiencing a shortage of the drug and 70% shortage of the other. earlier this week before a house subcommittee, the american society urged the federal government to take action to strengthen the drug supply chain. >> shortages place providers in a moral dilemma, prioritizing drugs for those curable versus those who are not. patients worry about whether they will receive their next treatmenor if switching to another will shorten their lives. >> joining me is the head of breast medical oncology in new jersey. thank you for joining us. tell us about how critical these drugs are. what sort of cancers are they used to treat? >> thank you for having me.

we use them for a variety of cancers in breast and gynecological cancers, my area of expertise. we use them for the majority of cases of all of our gynecological cancer patients and a large proportion breast cancer patients as well. but they are used for other cancer types such as lung cancer, testicular cancer, and gastrointestinal cancers, just to name a few. >> when did you start experiencing shortages? >> several weeks ago, just like all hospitals throughout the country. >> how does that change the access you and your colleagues have to the drugs? >> it is challenging as an oncologist. talking about shortages with patients when they are already facing a life-changing diagnosis is really difficult. sitting in front of a patient

for me and my colleagues across country and telling them we have proven drugs that can work but we are not sure when and if they will be able to receive them. it is an agonizing conversation for both myself as an oncologist, for other oncologists, and for the patient and their family. >> absolutely. tell me about how irreplaceable these two drugs are. is it easy to come up with substitutes that do the same thing in some of these treatments? >> it is not that easy. it is not as simple as switching one drug for another. in certain cases, there are substitutions. but we have to keep in mind when you substitute for another drug, there are other side effects. we may be venturing into less chartered territory in terms of the evidence that exists. it is not as simple as saying we don't have these, let's use a different drug. >> i want to ask you as a doctor

and human being, what has that been like for you? >> it is really morally challenging. i think it is something we need to talk about. to be able to have to make decisions about which patients to treat and which ones to postpone, how to try to make the drugs last longer, is something all oncologists are grappling with right now. it really is unprecedented for us. these shortages are nothing i have ever seen in my career. many other oncologists say the same. >> what is your understanding of why these shortages are affecting these drugs in particular? >> i think there are a number of factors. a lot of it does come down to supply and demand. we have seen a number of these issues since the pandemic. a lot of it has to do with manufacturing and availability. we do need a bit more transparency in terms of how we

assess and are made aware drug availability. >> that is what i wanted to ask you about next, the transparency element. there are a lot of different elements involved. you have the pharmaceutical companies, manufacturers where the ingredients are sourced, the fda. i'm curious as a practitioner, what sort of transparency or lack thereof have you been experiencing from the various entities? >> i think it is hard to figure out extly what is going on. at the beginning of the shortages, we did not know. we were not made aware of why the shortages were happening, when they would get better. as the weeks have gone by, there has been morinformation provided about where the demand has increased and where the supply has been lacking. but it is not entirely clear when we will see this come back to full production and full availability. >> the american society for

clinical oncology has made several recommendations to avoid these ortages in the future. they include strengthening the strategic national stockpile of medicine and reducing reliance on other countries for some of these important ingredients that go into the drugs. what changes would you like to see? >> i agree with those recommendations. i feel we need to have both short-term solutions for the current shortage but long-term solutions. right now, it is these two. in a few months, it could be dierent drugs. we need to have a plan that allows us to face it shortage and hopefully prevent it from happening but if it is there to act quickly and probably to get the drugs to the patients who need them. that could mean having a supply, that could mean increasing immediate production if needed. there are a number of key stakeholders involved. >> thank you so much for your time.

♪ ♪ john: for this week's hidden histories, we look at one of the driving forces behind the civil rights movement. because he was an openly gay man, he was often relegated to behind-the-scenes roles. >> ♪ we shall overcome ♪ john: august 20 8, 1963. about 250,000 people gathered in front of the lincoln memorial for the march on washington, a powerful, peaceful demonstration. martin luther king's words echoed down the washington mall to the capitol where congress was considering the civil rights act. >> i have a dream that one day -- john: the architect at the

moment also addressed the crowd that day but has been virtually erased by history. >> we have effective civil rights legislation, no compromise, no filibuster, and that it improves public accommodation, decent housing, education, and the right to vote! what do you say? [cheers and applause] john: in less than two months, he and his team organized the largest demonstration the country had ever seen. he was only credited as a deputy, as a gay man who did not hide his sexuality, he was not given high-profile roles. he was raised in pennsylvania by his grandparents. his grandmother affirmed his sexuality and infirmed in him

nonviolent beliefs. he refused to register for the draft pick he spent more than two years in prison for that. in 1947, he planned the journey of reconciliation that would be the model for the 1960's freedom rides on interstate buses. but he paid a price for being open about his sexuality. he was kicked out of the leading pacifist group after an arrest when he wasreco ddve sinen htenl and quired to register as a sex offender. even behind the scenes contributed to key events of the civil rights movement including 1956 buses boycott. in 1962, he debated malcolm x over the path and goals of the civil rights movement. >> as we follow this form of

mass action and strategic nonviolence, we will not only put pressure on the government but we will put pressure on other groups which ought to be allied with us. jo: it was not until the late 1970's that he got involved with the gay-rights movement. decades after his death, he began to get the recognition denied him while he was alive. in 2020, california governor gavin newsom pardoned him for his 1953 arrest and conviction. earlier in 2013, president obama presented his longtime partner with his posthumous presidential medal of freedom, the country's highest civilian honor. ♪ new john: on this father's day, while growing up on washington

state dairy farm in the 1950's, patrick haggerty came to realize he was gay. he now tells his daughter about the day he performed at a school assemb and his father showed up unexpectedly. >> i am riding to school with my oldest brother. on the way to school, i am putting glitter on my face. my brother said, what are you doing? i said, i am putting on my costume. he said, i would not be caught dead wearing that. he dropped me off at the school and called my dad and said, dad, i think you better get up there, this is not going to look good. so, my dad drove up to the high school. he had his farmer jeans on, cow crap on him, and his boots on. i hid from him. it was not because of what i was weing. it was because of what he was wearing. the assembly goes well. i am in the car with my father.

my father says to me, i was walking down the hall this morning, and i saw a kid that look a lot like you ducking around the hall to avoid his dad but i knew it was not you because you would never avoid your dad. i squied in my seat and finally busted out and said, dad, did you have to wear your cow crap jeans to my assembly? he said everybody knows i am a dairy farmer, this is who i am. he looked me square in the eye and said, how about you? when you are a full-grown man, who are you going to go out with that night? i said, i don't know. he said, i think you do know and it is not going to be that girl making eyes at you but you will not even pick up the telephone. i'm going to tell you something today. you might not know what to think of it today but you will remember when you are an adult. do not sneak, because if you sneak the way you did today, it means you think you are doing the wrong thing. if you run around spending your whole life thinking you are

doing the wrong thing, then you are ruining your immortal soul. out of all the things a father in 1959 could ha told his gay son, my father tells me to be proud of myself and not sneak. my reaction at the time was to get out in the hayfield and pretend like i was as much of a man as i could be. i remember flipping 50-pound bales three feet up in the air going, "i am not a queer, what is he talking about? but he knew where i was heading. he knew that making me feel bad about it in any way was the wrong thing to do. i had the patron saint of da ds. i did not know it at the time, but i know it now. john: for more stories like patrick haggerty's, you can visit the website. ♪

♪ john: online, there is more coverage of pride month including this story on the challenges organizers of this year's pride events are facing. all of that and more is on our website. that is "pbs newshour weekend" for this sunday. on monday, a conversation with the woman who pushed to make juneteenth a federal holiday. i am john yang. for all of my colleagues, thanks for joining us. have a good week. >> major funding for "pbs newshour weekend" has been provided by -- >> for 25 years, consumer cellular has been offering no-contract plans to help people do more of what they like. our customer service team can help find the plan that fits you. ♪

>> and was the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions -- and with the ongoing support of these inviduals and institutions. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you. ♪ ♪ ♪ >>

male announcer: funding provided by hertz, proud sponsor of "the unforgettable augustus post," who believed in going the extra mile every day. ♪♪♪ female narrator: good afternoon, so glad you've joined us. we're broadcasting, as always, from new york city, where as the saying goes, one never really gets to know one's neighbors. and yet everyone has a story, don't they? some are grand and brave, some are small and sweet. and more often than not, they go untold. but every now and then someone crosses your path,