amna: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. geoff bennett is away. on the "newshour" tonight, israeli forces strike a militant stronghold in the west bank, the first such attack in nearly 20 years. an exonerated member of the central park five discusses his historic primary win for new york city council. >> i've often said that those who have been close to the pain have to have a seat at the table. and so the beautiful thing about my story is that i've been in pain. i've been one of those people that was pushed behind pushed to -- pushed to the back of the line. amna: and the fight over abortion access comes to a head in ohio as advocates run up against a deadline for a ballot measure that would protect reproductive rights.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour been provided by the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of the newshour including loaded and norma a. the william and floyd hewlett foundation, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world at hewlett.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs news station from viewers like you. thank you. amna: welcome to the newshour. months of clashes between israel and palestinian militants have come to a head in the occupied west bank. the heaviest fighting in years raged all day in jenin, leaving at least eight palestinians dead and dozens wounded. today, gunshots echoing through the jenin refugee camp, smoke billowing into the sky. the israel defense forces launched their largest west bank operation in two decades, since the second intifada, or "uprising", in the early 2000's. >> there were strikes and bombs. they are attacking unarmed people, they are using planes and rockets.

this is not supposed to happen in the camp. amna: israeli drones struck targets from overhead and hundreds of idf soldiers engaged in gun battles with palestinian militants. the israeli foreign minister says the targets are militants supported by iran. >> we are striking the terrorism hub with a great strength. i want to emphasize that we don't have a fight with the palestinians. actually, our fight is with the proxies of iran. amna: while the palestinian prime minister says civilians have been targeted. >> israel this morning committed a new crime in jenin refugee camp. there are dozens of injured people and the israeli forces have destroyed the infrastructure and properties of innocent residents. amna: palestinians emerged to find roads destroyed by israeli bulldozers. jenin officials say the town's water supply was disrupted. israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu gave no timeline on the military action.

>> we will continue with this operation as long as required to restore calm and security to the people of israel. amna: it's the latest in a wave of violence between israelis and palestinians. last month, the idf raided the same refugee camp, killing five. the next day, palestinian attackers gunned down four israelis near a west bank settlement. this year has been one of the conflict's deadliest in decades. more than 130 palestinians have been killed in the west bank, and palestinian attacks have killed 24 israelis. the recent surge in violence in the west bank raises further concerns about a renewed palestinian uprising against israel's occupation, its settlers, and the right-wing israeli government. watching it all from jersualem is josef federman, the news director for israel and the palestinian territories for the associated press.

>> welcome and thanks for joining us. this latest round of violence began -- some of the heaviest we have seen in a while. what is the latest on the ground es that violence continue? >> the israeli military launched this operation almost 24 hours ago. it's almost midnight where i am. they launched just after midnight tonight and they began with an airstrike and moved in hundreds, perhaps thousands of troops and the fighting has been going on all day throughout the night. amna: is there any sense in where or how it will end? >> we have been pressing the military for answers on that very question. they are quite evasive and they say they are going after weapons facilities, storage facilities and so forth but they have not said how long they expect this to last or even what the goals are that will enable them to allow. amna: as we noted, these kinds of airstrikes in the occupied west bank, they are very rare. we have not seen these for

years. do you have any insight as to why the israeli military chose to use this approach right now? >> it seems that this goes back a couple of weeks. what has been going on is that israel has been carrying out raids in places like janine and elsewhere, usually with ground forces. two weeks ago, the army moved in and hit roadside explosives, much more powerful than anything they had seen in recent memory. it ended up paralyzing some vehicles and there was a very lengthy extraction process that required helicopter gunships and so forth. so because of that, they have now moved over toward using aerial force. it is safer. it gives them a set of eyes in the sky and they can do things that don't require ground forces that would put ground forces in danger. amna: in response to this latest israeli operation, the palestinian president said he is suspending contact and security

coordination with israel. joseph, what does that mean for what could unfold on the ground? how does that change things? >> it is symbolic. israel is led by a far right government that's quite hostile towards the palestinians. there's almost no dialogue, no relations, so it's a very cold relationship to begin with but he is scaling back with limited contact there is an the most important contact is very limited to security coordination to prevent this type of fighting from spinning out of control. if they do cut off those ties, that does raise the risk of fighting spreading even further. amna: when you take a step back, israel has a very far right government and they recently announced plans for thousands of settlements in the west bank. from your reporting and experience, what do you think the impact of those sentiments be? could they further fuel violence? >> there's a lot of bad blood to

begin with. this violence has been going on for the past year and a half and the arrival of this new government which is led by settlers, which is pushing for more settlement construction, is pushing for harder military response when there is palestinian violence and when he put all of this together and when the palestinians see more settlements being built, morland being gobbled up, the land that they hope to use for their own independent state in the future, when you put all of this together, it's a recipe for continued friction. amna: many of the images we see today are reminiscent of that second intifada 20 years ago. are there concerns on the ground that the violence could continue to grow and spread? >> it's really hard. i tried to avoid labeling what is going on here as another intifada but there's definitely something going on, some similarities. we talked about the images when you see military bulldozers and airstrikes and huge numbers of troops pouring into a

palestinian city, there's certainly memories of the second intifada but there are also differences. the scale of fighting is much lower than it was before. the militants who were involved are less organized. as opposed to what we saw 20 years ago and even the type of fighting, the type of attacks by the palestinians are a little bit different so to call it a third uprising, i don't know if i would go that far but there's definitely something underway. we have been seeing fighting going on for nearly a year and a half and it only seems to be getting worse. amna: that is josef federman for the associated press joining us tonight from jerusalem. thank you. days of extreme heat cap to much of the u.s. on broil from california to the deep south. in the west, forecasts called

for highs of 116 degrees in phoenix. las vegas had a projected high of 113 and across the south, half a dozen states expected heat index readings in the triple digits. air quality improved in major u.s. cities after smoke from canadian wildfires finally cleared. police in baltimore are still hunting for suspects in a block party shooting that killed two people and wounded 28 others. crime scene tape marked the site on sunday hours after the post midnight shooting a ruptured. investigators were trying to piece together what happened and focusing on video posted on social media. >> right now, detectives are still working through every one of the victims and we will continue to pursue any leads so that is why we need help from the community. we have only touched some of the video that is out there. everyone out there had their cameras working, phones working, and there's much more video out there that we have to look at. amna: officials think more than

one gunman was involved, but the motive remains unclear. a federal complaint today targeted legacy admissions at harvard ine w theofak em a non-profit in boston argued to the education department that preferential treatment for children of alumni unfairly helps white people. separately, the naacp opened a campaign to end legacy admissions nationwide. in france, police and officials are bracing for a seventh night of trouble, but hoping for calm. arrests slowed last night after the police killing of a teenager sparked nearly a week of riots. today, crowds rallied to support local authorities at town halls that have burned in the riots. in nanterre, the paris suburb where the shooting took place, the mayor said he hopes the worst is over. >> since tuesday, the nights have been difficult for all inhabitants of our city, for young people, and for children.

we have said it from the start, violence leads nowhere and weakens the immense movement of support for the victim's family, as well as the demand for justice that we must all bear together. amna: so far, police have arrested more than 3300 people. their average age is just 17. the united states has issued an advisory against travel to china, citing strict new security laws, exit bans, and wrongful detentions. the state department warning says, quote, "u.s. citizens may be detained without access to u.s. consular services or information about their alleged crime." so far, beijing has had no response to the advisory. research out today paints a grim picture of maternal mortality in the u.s. from 1999 to 2019. deaths during pregnancy or up to a year afterward more than doubled during that period. the research found that mortality rates among black women were the highest. the rates for native americans and native alaskans saw the largest increases. the findings appear in the

"journal of the american medical association." some 15,000 hotel workers in the los angeles area are now on strike for better pay and benefits. union members walked out sunday after their old contract expired a day earlier. one major hotel agreed on a new pact, but talks with others were at a standstill. a coalition of hotels said they are prepared to continue operations. and on wall street, stocks managed fractional gains on a quiet day of trading. the dow jones industrial average was up about 11 points to close at 34,418. the nasdaq rose roughly 29 points. the s&p 500 added 5. still to come on the "newshour," how lebanon is struggling to emerge from the long shadow of financial and government crises . the first cases of malaria generated in the united states in decades prompt serious concerns. journalist katty kay discusses her new book on women and power. plus much more.

>> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. >> after spending seven years behind bars for a heinous crime he didn't commit, yusef salaam is poised to help lead one of the world's most influential cities. geoff bennett has our conversation. geoff: in 1989, 15-year-old yusef salaam was one of five teenagers arrested and wrongly imprisoned after the brutal rape of a jogger in new york's central park. they were exonerated in 2002 when dna evidence linked another person to the crime. now, some three decades later, yusef salaam has declared victory in a race for a new york city council seat, the same city that once vilified him for a crime he didn't commit. yusef salaam joins us now. thank you for being with us.

yusef: it's a pleasure to be here with you. geoff: when you reflect on the arc of your life from rikers island where you were wrongfully imprisoned, now likely headed to city hall as a city councilman how does it strike you? yusef: it strikes me as the ultimate justice. in faith communities, they always talk about when god restores you, you get back 100 times what was taken and the beautiful thing about my story is that we can use it as really almost like a case study, a litmus test. the thing that teaches us that we have to hold onto faith because we will never, never, never be misled by it. geoff: how will your experience influence your approach to crime and policing and to social justice? yusef: since justice ran over me, many people would imagine i would have a very adverse reaction to police departments and police officers in general,

really systemic issues and the great thing about my story is that i have met so many righteous actors in those spaces. so i am not necessarily persuaded by one polarization of the experience that i had over another. the beautiful thing is i know we have to occupy all spaces. if we understand system and government, that all politics is local, in that local politics, in us being able to run and make sure that we have a fair chance, i have often said that those who have been close to the pain have to have a seat at the table. the beautiful thing about my story as i have been in pain. i have been one of those people pushed to the back of the line and as they always say, the last shall be first. being able to not just march in the streets but also have the opportunity to be one of those individuals who understands that when others are marching in the streets, they need someone in the halls of power who can echo their voice and lift them up and carry them into those spaces and be an advocate for them in the most powerful way. geoff: you are not the primary.

you are expected to win the general election in november. victory is a clear rebuke of donald trump who in 1989 took out full-page ads in major newspapers demanding the death penalty for you and the other four men now known as the exonerated five. fence attorneys said trump's efforts played a major role in driving public opinion against you. how do you feel about that now especially in light of donald trump's own legal troubles right now? yusef: i often look at this story that the nation got a chance to have a front seat to view. often now, i call it the love story or a love story between god and his people and of course, the antithesis of that is what about the other actors? when we are fighting against injustice, we have to know beyond a shadow of a doubt that in america, it may look back in -- black and white. people who are fighting against each other look the same way in other countries.

what i understood is that we have to fight against spiritual wickedness in high and locally is. the juxtaposition is so beautiful because we get an opportunity to see miracles happening right in front of our faces, get an opportunity to see what the justice system is supposed to look like and what happens to black bodies in a country where we want to be treated as equal. we want equity in fact. we still live in a very divided states of america that needs to be joined together. even in our communities, our harlem communities, our communities all around the country, we are moving as fragmented people even though we are in community. we need to come back together again to do the work of rebranding and rebuilding ourselves as first-class citizens as opposed to second-class citens. not one of us has ever decided that for our lives of course and now, here we are on the cusp of really being able to see something different in my candidacy. i have often said that the next

person to assume the position of city councilmember will be the one who determines what the future of harlem looks like and i think the future of harlem is bright. there's a lot of great things happening here. man, i cannot wait to serve our people. geoff: let me ask you about that. harlem has long been a crucible of new york city politics and you defeated the democratic establishment that supported your well-funded rival. what does your victory signal? yusef: my victory signals that we have had enough. the challenge, i think, is trying to really understand, how is it that as a people we can pay taxes yet we see no investment in our community? how can we pay taxes and we see no support, no services? we see slashes to the educational budget and things of that nature. as a person who was in prison, we found out that the prisons are built based off of third and fourth grade reading tests scores in math test scores.

all of the testing done in those crucial years. so they can predict how many jails to build based off of an individual third and fourth grade test scores. in our schools -- our public schools are failing us, right? we deserve a great education for all of us because education is the passport to the future. it gives us an opportunity to not only learn and produce but also dig deep inside of our cells so that psychosocial leak, we matter again. that's how you produce real change. harlem was the place that beckoned everybody to come. it was the first renaissance. to be able to produce a second renaissance, a movement that galvanized us as a people, it is so necessary. to do it on purpose this time is really what i think matters. that is where the movement is at. geoff: thanks for your time and for your insights. we appreciate it. yusef: my pleasure. thank you as well.

amna: it's been a year since the supreme court overturned roe v. wade and the nationwide right to abortion access. since then, six states have voted on abortion-related ballot measures. and in each case, voters have supported abortion rights. laura barron-lopez reports on a new effort underway in ohio. laura: a coalition of doctors is facing a wednesday deadline to collect more than 400,000 signatures to put reproductive rights on the ballot in ohio this november. the proposed amendment would give every person the right to make their own decisions on abortion, contraception, miscarriage care, and fertility treatments. while abortion could be prohibited after fetal viability, it would remain legal in cases to protect the life of the pregnant patient. and it would prevent the state from punishing patients or anyone that assists them.

doctor lauren beene is the co-founder of ohio physicians for reproductive rights and she joins me now. thank you so much for being here. you need 413,000 signatures to get this measure on the ballot. do you have that amount to get it in november? dr. beene: yes, we do. thanks to the overwhelming energy and momentum of our volunteer signature collectors, who have been working for weeks now, we will have enough to submit to the secretary of state. laura: what are you hearing from people as you have been gathering these signatures? dr. beene: i have been hearing just incredible tones of support. people feel very strongly that health care decisions including reproductive health care decisions should be kept between a person and their doctor, a woman and her doctor. and feel strongly that it's not the place of the government and

politicians to make those decisions for them. when we are out, we are collecting signatures -- everything that i encountered was just a lot of excitement and people saying this is great. how can i help? laura: in august, the special election, voters will decide whether or not to raise the threshold of support needed for ballot measures to 60% versus just a majority, which is what is needed now. that election could ultimately determine the success of this abortion access measure. how are you preparing people for that august wrote? -- vote? dr. beene: that is a big topic of conversation among everybody in ohio right now and our volunteers, we are bringing that up with people as they were asking if they would like to sign the petition and support reproductive freedom. don't forget to make sure you are registered to vote and that you vote no in august or july my

voting no early on issue one, because -- july, voting no early on issue one. that would make it harder for our issue we are focusing on, reproductive freedom, but for any issue that the people of ohio want to bring forth. so that affects all of us universally. we are hopeful that it will not pass, that the august special election will not be successful. even if it were, we would still power forward because we know this is what the people want. the people want reproductive freedom in ohio. laura: are you pressing national leaders at all to come to ohio ahead of november? dr. beene: this has been a grassroots movement. we started as a small group of doctors and really exploded into a group of thousands of doctors and thousands of volunteers.

we are moving from the ground up. we have gotten some attention from national leaders. i have not personally reached out to president biden regarding this myself. for us, we have been so focused on gathering signatures, keeping this momentum moving forward and really just getting the people out to vote. we appreciate the support of anybody. no matter how -- what state you are in, what level of government you are in, we appreciate everybody's work because this is protecting and essential persons right, right to reproductive freedom. laura: it has been a year since the supreme court overturned roe v. wade. the organization was founded right after that decision. what is the state of abortion access in ohio and what have you and your patients experienced? dr. beene: immediately after the dobbs decision, a few hours

later, seven hours, a trigger ban went into effect which made abortion illegal in the state of ohio. cardiac activity -- that is six weeks. people refer to that as the heartbeat ban. the heartbeat ban was for 11 weeks. during that 11 week period, it was absolutely terrible. people were not able to get the care that they needed. people were forced to leave the state. a lot of people heard about the 10-year-old girl who was raped and impregnated and had to go to indiana to have an abortion there because she could not get care in our state. horrible story after horrible story. thankfully, in october, that ban was suspended through a temporary stay in which some very smart attorneys argue it was unconstitutional in lower court. currently, the heartbeat ban is

blocked. it could be put back into effect at any moment. for the last several months, we have been functioning in ohio under a pre-dobbs law. laura: that is dr. lauren being. -- beene. dr. beene: thank you so much. amna: lebanon has become, for all intents and purposes, a failed state. its government is rife with corruption and is unable to care for its people, who suffer chronic and crushing poverty from economic mismanagement and a banking collapse. as special correspondent leila molana-allen reports from lebanon, the divide between the small, ruling class and everyone else grows by the day. leila: flexing their muscles and showing off their firepower. hezbollah fighters put on a massive show of strength for resistance day.

the anniversary of israel's withdrawal from southern lebanon in 2000 after years of occupation. the shia militant group invited us inside one of their training camps deep in the south of lebanon near the israeli border. >> we celebrate this great day, on this day of lebanon's anniversary of resistance and liberation. leila: usually highly secretive, this kind of access to the recruits' training regime and hezbollah's highly controversial stash of weapons, largely supplied by iran, is a first. for some, it shows just how comfortable they've become with eir position in lebanon and the reaction from opposing parties has been fierce. by putting on this grand display of its military might, hezbollah is trying not only to show it's prepared to fight enemies across the border, but that it's the strongest force capable of protecting lebanon itself. as the country crumbles, hezbollah is only growing anwhile the party'political

arm is locked in a bitter struggle inside parliament, trying to cement and increase its power in government. they're not the only ones. with the leading parties each determined to have their candidates take the top seats, political infighting has brought governance to a grinding halt. a crop of new mps is trying to change that. in may of last year, lebanese went to the polls after four years of protest and political and economic crisis. in that time the currency has lost 98% of its value, the banking system collapsed, and 80% of lebanese now live in poverty. while the kept most of the old guard in power, 12 new independents mps made it through. najat aoun saliba and her colleague melhem khalaf are two of the new faces hoping to create a new political order based on skills and service rather than nepotism and private wealth. >> when parliamentarians think about what's in it for their own parties, rather than what's in it for the benefit of the people and the benefit of the country,

we get to where we are right now, a complete gridlock with a complete power vacuum. leila: bit by bit over the last few years, the lebanese people have lost everything. they've learned to adapt, no electricity, no petrol, no medicine. how is it possible that they're living like this? najat: they know how to shut the people up. they have stripped us of everything, even of our dignity and we keep begging those warlords for services, not for our rights. leila: saliba knows lebanon needs change, and fast, but with the establishment still refusing to work together, she and her colleagues face constant roadblocks. furious at parliament's inability to agree on a president and move forward with desperately needed reforms, they've been staging a sit-in in the parliament for six months. najat: those leaders have created what we call a deep state that means they have their tentacles everywhere. i'm sorry to say this, but our

rulers have failed us. they have failed the country and we are in a complete failed state. leila: lebanon has now been without a functional government for a year, and without a president for seven months. the governor of the central bank is on the run from international arrest warrants for stealing from the state. and as mps wheel and deal over political appointments, outside the walls of parliament, life for the lebanese people becomes more and more impossible by the day. of the many sectors of society here facing destitution as the government sits by, the plight of the elderly is one of the most severe. citizen-run grass-roots organisations can do little to create permanent change, more focused on firefighting daily crisis upon crisis. but until the government steps banese have.only lifeline >> lebanon has the fastest ageing population in mena, 11% of the population is above 65. 80% of our elderly population

lives with absolutely no safety net. ever since the economic crisis started, many elderly people are literally sleeping on the streets because their children can no longer take care of them. leila: maya ibrahimchah founded ngo beit el baraka to try and support the increasing number of seniors left with nothing after the banks collapsed, taking their pensions with them. they distribute dry goods and groceries donated by the public and the diaspora. this is their pharmacy, filled with medicines brought over in suitcases on domestic flights by lebanese expats because the shortages are so extreme, and what is still available in lebanon's hospitals is astronomically expensive. >> when you look at the politicians are responding to the crises we are having you , realise they're living on another planet because people are suffering miserably, and they're still busy fighting over who's taking which share of the pie and who's taking which ministry, while during this time

the lebanese population is literally starving. leila: 64-year-old bruno shemali worked for 45 years as an engineer in the gulf, carefully saving his hard earned money back home in lebanon. now, it's all gone. bruno now survives off the donations he receives from the community market here. but beit el baraka is in jeopardy too, with locals no longer able to afford to donate as the crisis rolls on, they are facing a serious shortfall. bruno: my money has been embezzled by the central bank of lebanon. i don't have any way to go back to zero to begin my life again, so now i have to survive the situation. leila: across the country, lebanon's old and vulnerable are facing a similarly bleak future. this nursing home in the mountains outside the capital once provided comfortable care for the final days. now, with their state funding worth cents on the dollar, they can barely keep the lights on, and residents' families, in equally dire straits, can't -- can barely keep the lights

on. >> what the government pays every six months is not enough to buy diesel, or groceries for a week. we're no longer able to keep the power on 24 hours like we used to. we're also facing difficulty providing food. all of us are afraid of the future. leila: if the nursing home is forced to close, most of its residents will have nowhere to go. living out the end of your days stripped of the savings and rights that took a lifetime to build is an unbearable indignity. but for young parents trying to raise a family amidst this chaos, getting through each day is a struggle, let alone thoughts of their children's futures. when we met clara roukouz last year, she was facing a mother's worst nightmare, her three-year-old daughter martine has leukemia and with their , savings locked away and reduced to nothing in the bank, they couldn't afford the treatment to save her life. since then, they've limped by on dwindling donations and borrowing all they can. clara: we are doing the impossible.

leila: the elections came, and we tried our best to make some change. this conflict is bleeding the people dry, and they are just sitting in their thrones, away from the blood. sitting high up and watching. leila: the chemotherapy is working and martine is getting stronger, and sassier, by the day. but they still don't know if they can get enough to finish the course. and if they do, what comes next? with martine's father still unable to find work in a collapsing economy, they face unimaginable debts with no way to dig themselves out. you have three daughters and in the situation, with no money, this debt, you have -- what is their future? clara: if my country won't take responsibility, as a mother i must do the impossible to support my children, even if it's so difficult for us to provide.

i thought for a long time that i cannot catch my breath at home. with my three little girls, i am always with them and i cannot ever let myself cry in front of them. i cannot cry. i hold myself back every day. leila: clara takes martine home to her sisters, putting on a brave face for them as always. but for the roukouz family and so many others like them, trying to build a life here for their children in this failed state that ignores the needs of her people , bravery may not be enough. for the pbs newshour, i'm leila molana-allen in beirut, lebanon. ♪ amna: for the first time in 20 years, malaria has been locally transmitted within the u.s. the centers for disease control and prevention has identified five cases, four in florida and one in texas. william brangham spoke recently

with an epidemiologist about what we know and how concerned we should be. william: for more on these unusual cases, we turn to catherine troisi. she's an infectious disease epidemiologist with uthealth houston school of public health. catherine, thank you so much for being here. we have seen malaria in the past in the united states, but these cases and how they're transmitting is different. can you explain? catherine: sure. we always, every year, have some cases of malaria, but they are in people who acquired the malaria abroad and then came back to the united states and were visiting. these cases are different because the people who are infected got it here in the united states. william: and so, is the hypothesis then that originally someone got sick abroad, came back, and then were were bitten by a mosquito here and that that's how it spread? catherine: yes. so someone who got malaria

abroad was came back to the united states, was bitten, and then that mosquito bit somebody else and they got infected. william: and that is how malaria spreads. it's not a person to person spread, right? catherine: correct. there has to be a mosquito bite, although it can be spread through blood transfusions or from pregnant mother to the baby. william: so when people think of malaria on some level, i think people acknowledge all of the deaths that occur every year all over the world. how worrying is this here in the united states? catherine: you know, of course, public health officials are keeping an eye on this, but we're not real worried. it's not like covid because it's not spread person to person. the united states used to, particularly in southern states, used to have a lot of malaria. the precursor to the cdc was actually formed to combat malaria in southern states. however, through the use of insecticides, through the use of better sanitation, getting rid of standing water, informing

people that they should use insect repellent. we have been declared malaria free since 1970. so while it's disturbing to have a few locally transmitted cases, we're just not real worried about it blowing up into a covid like situation. william: i mean, given that public health success in it is undoubtedly a success, is there the concern then that we've sort of forgotten about malaria and people don't know what the symptoms are like and maybe even doctors may not know what the symptoms are and may not know it when they see it. catherine: yeah, we've actually seen this with a number of infectious diseases that we've been very successful in controlling. doctors, parents don't know what some of these childhood infections are, and that's certainly true with malaria. it's important if someone is infected to get treated quickly. for a couple of reasons. one is for their own health. but also the longer they are infected, the more likely it is the mosquito could bite them and

then transmit the infection to the united states. so this is a good wake up call for physicians particularly and other health care providers to look. do think malaria, if they see someone with a high fever and flu like symptoms. william: those are the symptoms, principally fever, flu like symptoms? catherine: yeah. fever, chills, flu like symptoms. william: i understand that this particular species of parasite, malaria parasite, isn't as bad. is that correct? catherine: well, in one sense, that is correct. it does not causes severe disease as the other strains of malaria. but in another sense, it's worse because the parasite, the plasmodium parasite can hide out. and so you can have what's called relapsing fever.

so it seems like you're getting better and then you have symptoms again. so it's important for physicians to be able to tell exactly what strain you have so that they can give you. you may need more medication to effectively combat it. william: so if someone felt some of those symptoms, but then they went away, maybe not breathe a sigh of relief and go get that checked out. catherine: right. and, you know, those are those are very in descript symptoms. so one thing you might think about is where you are in the united states. if you are in maine, for example, not very likely that it's malaria. if you're in florida, texas, you know those gulf states where it's very warm, particularly right now, then maybe you might be a little bit more concerned. it also has to do, you know, to

get malaria, you have to be bit by mosquito. and so people who are outside a lot of the time are particularly at risk. if you spend most of your time inside an air conditioning, it's not so likely. william: one of the things that we know that increases the spread of mosquitoes and mosquitoes biting us is warmer temperatures. we know it's incredibly warm in the american south right now, but we also know that climate change is warming up our atmosphere and warming up the planet as well. is it is it inevitable that malaria will eventually come back to the united states or not? catherine: well, you are correct that climate change affects the distribution of the mosquito that's responsible for spreading malaria. also, you know, when temperatures are higher, those mosquitoes feed more often, so people are more likely to get bit and the parasite itself replicates faster inside the mosquito. also, climate warming contributes to increased storms,

so there may be more standing water where mosquitoes can breed. however, again, in the united states, because we have most people have screens on their windows, on their doors, we know to wear insect repellent, although this is a good reminder where we we don't have a lot of the deficiencies in our prevention mechanisms that would lead to wide spread of malaria. william: all right, catherine tracey of ut health houston, thank you so much for being here. catherine: thank you. ♪ amna: from our bookshelf tonight, a revealing look at women in leadership and how they view and use their power differently compared to their male counterparts. it's the focus of the latest collaboration from journalists

katty kay and claire shipman. i recently sat down with katty to discuss their new book, "the power code: more joy, less ego, maximum impact for women and everyone else." katty kay, welcome back to the newshour. thanks for being here. katty: i want to thank you for having me. defe it the same way.out power. what do you mean? how how do people see it differently? katty: so we wrote this book because we looked at the numbers. only 10% of ceos are women. something like 27 of the world's odd 200 countries have female leaders. and we just thought this is not enough. but we came across a piece of research from harvard a few years ago which which sort of turned it all on its head. and that showed that actually maybe women don't want power. amna: don't even want it. katty: don't even want it. so many women have more life values than men do. we have more things we want to do with our lives, community, family, parents, children, all of those things. and the costs of getting power are too high. but there is something about power itself that we don't define it the same way as men do. traditionally, power is seen as

power over. i have power over resources, or i have power over people. it's a competitive thing. it's a zero sum game. more power for you, amna, is less for me. that's the kind of traditional definition of power. women don't see it that way. we're much more focused on the end result. amna: you and your coauthor, claire, also write after your speaking to several subjects and academics and leaders, you also write this line that struck me. you wrote quote, from your own lived experience. you're writing from that perspective, as well as two white women with decades of work experience who've benefited from considerable access to traditional power structures. why was that important to point out? katty: white women have a much higher access to power, to promotions at a higher rate than particularly black women.

i think it's something like twice the rate of promotions of black women. and when you start looking at women of color, they tend to be lumped in these diversity programs into one group. latina women are much more often asked, where do you come from? asian american women are much d and quiet.xpected to be nice there are stereotypes around different groups of women. and i think it's important that we acknowledge that no one woman is like any other woman. but women get lumped into these groups and then sort of stereotyped in those groups and the biases against them and the barriers to them getting access to power become even higher. amna: you document the barriers that apply to women only in many of these industries from office temperatures being set to a man's average temperature. i feel that every day. personal protective gear. i never thought of this being designed largely around a man's body. things that are flawed by design. katty: podiums. amna: podiums. katty: when did you ever stand on a podium that was the right height for a woman? amna: you also talk about this thing called the perfect woman peril. what is that? katty: so i think women in our book on confidence, we have documented the degree to which women tend to be more perfectionist than men. but actually that comes from an expectation of perfection. just we are expected when women are often promoted on the basis

of performance men on the basis of promise. so that already sets the barrier. we have to have done those things already. we have to have, you know, run an m&a department, have had a posting abroad, been a manager. men are promoted often just because they have the promise to do those things. when we expect women to be perfect, of course, with stacking the odds against their chances of having power. amna: and this is something backed up by the data as well. katty: this it's all it's all data, it's all research. it's all science. amna: you dig into the home life as well. and you focus. katty: we didn't expect to go there. amna: well, mostly on heterosexual couples, because that's where many of the issues seem to be most acute. but this part also fascinated me. you wrote that the problem is sometimes also husbands, quote, you write, women who make it to the top tend to do so in spite of having husbands with jobs of their own. what did you find there? katty: yeah, we found one researcher who said to us, the biggest drawback for women is often not their bosses, it's their husbands. marriages in the united states look a bit like the 1950s between men and women. women are still doing the vast majority of the childcare, the housework, the planning of the housework, the emotional labor, the cognitive labor, all of the research around housework. a man who doesn'have a job in the united states does less housework than a woman with a

full time job. the number of states. amna: say that, again. a man without a job in the united states does less housework than a woman with a full time job. katty: yeah, i mean, stunning, right? the number of stay at home dads, i know you have a partner who stays at home, looks after your children. he's sort of a unicorn. the number of stay at home dads just hasn't grown very much. and women are very good at many things. but we have not figured out how to put 36 hours into a 24 hour day. and until we have partners at home who are doing as much as we need them to do, we can't get power outside of the home, but also we flip it. men are a sort of being deprived of all of the opportunities that come from being fully engaged in caregiving and in their communities. women in many ways have more options at the moment. we can be stay at home mothers, we can be full time workers, we

can be part time workers. all of those are socially acceptable. but in our research, what we've found is that men are really still expected to be the breadwinner. and when they're not, it's very difficult. it causes complications. and we want to change that paradigm. we want to give men the opportunities women have and invite them into all of the richness that can come from being part of that caregiving society we're speaking. amna: it's such an interesting time to now at the end of this pandemic, and we know millions of women were forced out of the workforce. right. but also on this, we're marking one year after roe v wade was overturned. and i'm curious, as you've been looking into all these issues, having these conversations, when you step back holistically, how do you look at women and access to power right now? katty: i think this is a great moment for this for what we're writing about. we've come out of the metoo movement. we've come out of black lives matter, we've come out of covid, which has completely upended the way we work. we've come out of the overturning of roe v. wade, and there is a moment of chaos where things are up for grabs and everybody is reexamining what works. i look around the world at the moment and the current model we have of power. i don't know about you, but it doesn't look to me like it's working so well. so why not redefine it? why not take a look at what it takes to lead really well? and our conclusion is we don't need to remake women.

we need to remake power. amna: the book is the power code. the authors are claire shipman and katty kay. katty, thank you for being here. katty: amna, thank you. amna: today is known as crown act day, in honor of the date when legislation prohibiting discrimination based on hair texture or style was first passed at the state level. our communities correspondent , gabrielle hays, in st. louis has more on what this means in her city. gabrielle: natural black hair is often unfairly seen as inappropriate in many spaces like the work environment, schools, or even on camera. legislation first passed in 2019 is aiming to make that discrimination illegal. at the same time, many black women, like entrepreneur leslie hughes, are embracing their

natural hair. >> my curls have been a journey, so i just wonder what has your hair journey been like? >> girl, the same, it's been a journey with a lot of ups and downs. gabrielle: the crown act first , introduced in california, stands for create a respectful and open world for natural hair. 23 states have passed similar bills. some states, like missouri, have not. cities within the state however have, including st. louis. ♪ hughes started a festival to celebrate natural hair in st. louis called frizz fest, so she could carve out a space for self-love. >> i was really happy if just my family showed up. and from the first event we had 600 rsvp and i was like, oh my god. but now it's having thousands of people showing up like i am just in awe. gabrielle: kimberly norwood, a law professor at washington university, says sot hair -- says the crown act is meant

to ban hairstyle discrimination nationwide, discrimination that heavily targets the black community. >> it started maybe in 2019 or so to sort of respond to a lot of employment policies and school policies that were punishing people who had hair texture like mine, pretty much punishing people of african descent and prohibiting people from wearing their hair in the natural state. gabrielle: norwood has spent years researching racial bias. she says black people should feel safe to wear their hair how they want, especially in places like schools where black students are disproportionately disciplined. >> people aren't getting offers because of their hair, not because it's not clean, unkempt, because it's in braids. because it's in an afro, because it's in locs. right. and that is something that is pretty connected to african

descendant people. so it's a real targeted form of discrimination that that woefully negatively impacts black americans in particular. gabrielle: a 2019 study by personal care brand, dove, found that black women are one and a half times more likely to be sent home from their workplace because of their hair, and are also 80% more likely to change their hair from its natural state in order to avoid discrimination in an office setting. for hughes, norwood, and many others, normalizing natural hair for black people everywhere is more than just undoing decades of harmful hair practices, it is also about coming to a place of self acceptance. >> when i was a child, my mother used to put a hot comb, called it, on a burner, and that burner had gas fire and then she would straighten my hair.[00:14:35] -- my hair. and then that limited my ability

to run, my ability to swim because your hair will revert to , its natural position. >> our hair is who we are, our different hairstyles. it's part of our our heritage, our ancestors. so being able to feel like we can live freely and comfortable in every space, exactly how we want is very important. gabrielle: law professor norwood says it's the people behind the crown act in the spaces like frizz fest in st. louis that fight to ensure natural black hair doesn't face discrimination. >> we can't just go off and sit in a corner, right. licking our wounds because our hair has been rejected. we have to continue the fight. gabrielle: big steps and small that aim to shift perception of natural black hair. for the pbs newshour, i'm gabrielle hays. amna: online, you can read more about what cities are doing to prevent hair related discrimination. that's at pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for

tonight. on behalf of the entire newshour team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> architect, beekeeper, mentor. a raymondjames financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live your life, life upland. >> the kendeda fund, committed to meaningful work through investments in transformative leaders and ideas. more at anita -- kendedafun d.org. committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org . and with the ongoing support of

these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] >>

introducing a technological achievement so advanced... it rivals the moon landing. wow! ok. rude. that's one small step for man.

one giant leap for mankind. good evening, everyone. here is what is coming up. i am joined by columbia is former prison negotiator that was in the restaurant struck by moscow. violent protests sweep through france after police shoot and kill a 17-year-old. the latest from paris. from radical to unifier. the forgotten legacy of america's 200 day president, james garfield.