♪ john: tonight on pbs news weekend, as the votes are counted, the latest on spain's genel election that could give the far-right the most influence it's had since the 1970's. then, with millions of americans under heat warnings, tips on how to stay cool and avoid going to the emergency room. and, a new documentary sheds light on the lasting effects of land lost by black farmers and efforts to reclaim it. >> no one is advertising "we're about to lose our land," and oftentimes, people don't know what kind of legal recourse they have, where resources are available to them. ♪

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by the corporation for broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. john: good evening. i'm john yang. tonight, there is unrest across israel on the eve of a defining moment, even as prime minister benjamin netanyahu recovers from an emergency heart procedure. netanyahu's doctors gave him a pacemaker last night, after he was rushed to a hospital with an irregular heartbeat. from his hospital room today, the 73-year-old prime minister said he's in "excellent health," and he said he'll be in the knesset monday, when his right-wing ruling coaliton is set to pass the first part of his judicial overhaul plan. opposition to the plan reached a climax this weekend, with mass protests across the nation. the bitter disagreement reflects the deep split between israelis who want a more secular and diverse nation, and those with a more religious and nationalistic vision. the heat dome that's been parked

over the southwestern united states is beginning to drift to the east. that will bring triple digit temperatures to the plains and midwest by mid-week. in the midwest, many places could see the highest temperatures of the year. the dangerous heat is expected to reach the ohio valley and the mid-atlantic by the end of next week. overseas, the heat is fueling wildfires. on the greek island of rhodes, the biggest evacuation effort in the country's history. 19,000 people placed in temporary shelters, away from fast moving flames. in india, pakistan, and afghanistan, heavy monsoon rains caused flash floods. in india, water levels are the highest they've been in 45 years, due to the unusually heavy rains. the floods have killed at least 13 people in pakistan. in afghanistan, the taliban reported 31 dead, with dozens more missing. russian missilstrikes inflicted severe damage today on dozens of landmarks in the ukrainian black sea city of odesa. the city's largest orthodox landmarks hit.among the

at least one person was killed. 22 others, including four children, were injured. russia has struck odesa several times in the past week, as russia targets grain exporting hubs. moscow pulled out of a deal that allowed grain shipments to safely cross the black sea. at the aspen security forum this past week, ukrainian president volodymyr zelenskyy said he's looking for other means of ensuring safe passage. >> the black sea is the sea of all the nations of ours. this is not the sea of the russian federation. there is ukraine, turkey, romania, bulgaria. and we are talking to all the countries in the black sea region. we have legal relations with everyone but with russia, because they think that this is their own sea. john: this week, nato and ukrainian officials are to discuss the black sea situation.

still to come on "pbs news weekend," how to deal with extreme heat and avoid a trip to the e.r. and, why black farmers have lost so much of their land. ♪ >> this is pbs news weekend from w eta studios in washington, home of the pbs newshour weeknights on pbs. john: polls in spain are closed, and the vote count is underway in an election that could see the far right return to the government for the first time in nearly a half-century. socialist prime minister pedro sanchez called the early election after suffering big losses in local and regional elections in may. pre-election polls shod the conservative popular party with a big lead, but short of an outright majority. that could open the door for the ultraconservative, populist vox party to play a key role in forming a governing coalition. bonnie field is a professor of political science at bentley university.

at this hour, the associated press reports with more than half the vote counted, the socialist party and center-right popular party are neck and neck. this is different from the pre-election polls. what do you make of that? >> the election is turning out to be quite close, close in terms of both the perctage of the vote that the two lead parties are earning and then also, it is uncertain what the final distribution of the seats will be and therefore, who will be able to form a government. right now it appears to be up to grabs. it is early so we need to await final results. john: as voters went to the polls, what was on their minds? what was the driving factor and issues in this campaign? >> the driving factors and issues have to do with the economy, of course. with controlling inflation.ng-

there are issues, social issues on the agenda that some voters have in mind. for example, gender equality policy and lgbtq rights. also, things like climate change. economic issues but also social issues. john: this election is being watched because of right wing drift in many european countries. what were the factors that drove that? >> that is an interesting question. i would like to add the far right in spain is not on the rise. compared to the last general parliamentary elections, it is either stagnant or maybe, depending on the results at the end of this evening, it could be on the decline. vox morthan anything is a

spanish nationalist party and it really was opposed to the catalan push to independence and advocating taking a small -- a strong line against independence. that is where it made the electoral breakthrough. vox had the electoral breakthrough in 2018 in the region of andalusia, then became the third largest party in spain in the second parliamentary elections of 2019. john: the vox party is in decline but ironically, the popular party, heading -- had to turn to vox to build the coalition. what does that say about the fact that they are in decline but they will have this outsized influence in the government? >> we will have to wait to see if they are on the decline or if

they are just maintaining their position, but vox is not surging electorally, i is gaining a stronger foothold in the institutions so it is now governing in more regions of spain after the may regional and local elections. it is governing more municipal governments. depending on the results tomorrow, tonight, they could end up governing at the level of spain and that has a lot to do with what you mentioned, the popular party has recovered electoral support after another center-right political party called citizen really disappeared from the spanish political system. the popular party has been able to concentrate the vote in their hands and increase its own share, which has had an effect on potential parliamentary

arithmetic that it could govern either with boats or vox support. john: vox could have a lot of leverage in forming a government. what do you think they will demand? what do they want to get out of a coalition government? >> vox is a spanish nationalist rty. it is antifeminist and has ultraconservative social values. it will look to attain some policy concessions and control, potentially, over policy areas relating i think to cultural and social policies. also potentially a change of policy about immigration. the parties have a lot in common when it has to do with economic policy, so it wouldn't necessarily be vox's influence but if there is a right-wing government, we are likely to see economic policy changes in a

neoliberal direction during the social democratic leaning government right now, particularly reducing taxes and things like that. john: bonnie field, thank you very much. >> thank you. ♪ john: with no end in sight to the extreme heat gripping much of the nation, the sizzling temperatures can quickly become hazardous, and in some cases, deadly. ali rogin reports on how emergency rooms are dealing with an influx of patients with heat-related issues. ali: sweltering temperatures continue to scorch parts of the u.s., with millions under heat alerts coast to coast. in phoenix, arizona, the heat has reached 110 degrees for more than 20 consecutive days, inspiring some creative challenges on social media. >> only eating foods i cook outside in arizona for a day. >> into the oven you go. see you tonight.

5 hours later. wow. real cookies. warm out of the oven. ow. cheers. ali: but the record highs can be dangerous for anyone exposed to the heat for too long. in the past week, there have been thousands of heat related emergency room visits across the country. dr. aneesh narang is an emergency medicine physician at banner university medical center in phoenix. dr. narang, thank you so much for joining us. tell me about what you're seeing from patients who come in because of heat related conditions. dr. narang: yeah, thanks for having me. so we're seeing quite a spectrum of heat related illnesses, as we normally do this time of the year. and it really exists on a continuum. so we have some that have mild, i would say, heat related illnesses such as dehydration, cramps, heat rash, swelling. and then unfortunately, now we're seeing several cases of patients presenting with the most severe form of heat related illnesses, which is a heat stroke. and unfortunately, we

are seeing many, many patients every day with us. ali: is it more than you've seen in previous years since you've been doing this work, or has it been about the same? dr. narang: yeah, i mean, i think we're still waiting for the sort of official numbers to come in, but i think there's some indication that prehospital calls for heat related illnesses are definitely up compared to last year. and i would certainly say over the last several years, we're seeing a lot more of this. no question. i think last year, it was marked in the numbers we saw in, unfortunately, you know, 425 people in our community died of heat related illnesses. and now we're seeing numbers, think, that are very similar, if not more to this point. and we still have a long way to go. ali: walk us through how high temperatures affect the body. i think we all know inherently that that's the case. but i'm curious if you can take us through how it works. dr. narang: yeah, i mean, i think at the sort of microscopic level, it is damaging cells and it's inactivating proteins and

harming dna. so things that we need to live, to breathe, to function, how that manifests it for symptoms is varied, of course, but i would say heat exhaustion is the first clue that something is wrong. if heat exhaustion, you start to feel lightheaded, dizzy, you have headaches, you may be vomiting, you may feel that you're going to pass out. and if you don't get into a cool environment quickly, get undressed, cool down as fast as you can, then you're really at risk of developing heastroke. and really, what's happening here is, our body's ability to thermoregulate is impaired. we are no longer able to do that when you reach temperatures that high. and certainly, there's a lot of factors to that. your ability to sweat, dilating your blood vessels, all those things help promote heat loss. and now, you can't do that when you get to such high temperures, and you can't get help right away.

and then, heat stroke is the most severe form, unfortunately, heat-related illness. by that time, patients are confused, and they may not be able to talk to you. they may have seizures. so that is what we're seeing, unfortunately, right now every day. ali: and wt are the methods you use to treat these various things? i would imagine that by the time you're coming to the e.r., it's not simply about cooling people down. dr. narang: yeah. so certainly, rapid cooling, though, is a huge intervention for us, and what we focus on. but while we're doing that, we also have to support their breathing. we've got to replace the fluid losses, and we have to treat any complications that come along the way. so patients who have heatstroke, usually that's above 104 degrees, we are rapidly cooling them. the's many ways to do this. i would say the most effective way that we can do in a hospital setting is really what we call ice immersion therapy. we are putting them in a bag. we are pouring ice with some water that can rapidly cool their

temperature back to normal or -- core temperatures within minutes. if we don't do that quickly, there's a greater chance of short term mortality, long term effects on your organs and your brain. so that is our focus. there are many other ways to cool patients down. ice packs in the groin, the axilla, the neck, fans, spraying with lukewarm water just promote evaporative cooling. but i would say the most effective and quickest way is ice immersion therapy. ali: how do you think emergency rooms should adjust their protocols for these sorts of emergencies given that they seem to be on the rise? dr. narang: yeah, i think the most important thing, and luckily, in the valley here in phoenix, i think we're all very prepared for the summer season, is, you have to have protocols in place for this to be effective. you have to have everything in sort of one drawer, one area, the emergency room that you know, you can reach to with the appropriate monitoring, with the ice, with the appropriate bags and equipment. and you have to have protocol in

place before hypothermia season kicks in. and your staff -- it takes a total team effort to make this effective. everybody has to be on board and understand the steps we have to do. if you have any delay in rapidly cooling these patients, any delay of 20 or 30 mites or more, now we become -- now we're behind the eight ball, and now we're talking about severe long term effects, as well. or they may not make it, unfortunately. so if we protocolize things, and have everyone in our staff understanding how this works, we are set up for success. ali: and these record temperatures are expected to last through the rest of the summer. so how can people stay safe? dr. narang: well, i think we always advise patients. you know, i think it's important for us in the medical community and the public health community to continue to educate the public. if you need to be outdoors, go early in the morning -- 4:00 in the morning, 5:00 in the morning, when temperatures aren't so hot anymore. but if you can't, stay indoors.

if you don't have an air conditioning unit, go to the mall, go to the free public library. as much as time is spent in the aiconditioned indoor space, the better off you will be. you need to start off the day drinking water. if you enjoy a cup of coffee, have a glass of water with it. you've got to continue to maintain your hydration throughout the day. you know, wear loose fitting clothes, apply sunscreen, do everything you can, though, to not be outside during the peak peak hours in the day when we see the temperatures scorching here. ali: dr. aneesh narang with banner university medical center in phoenix, thank you so much for your time. dr. narang: thank you. ♪ john: in 1910, about 14% of u.s. farmers were black, owning more than 16 million acres. now, according to the agriculture's latest farm census, only one in 100 farmers

is black, owning fewer than 5 million acres. by one estimate, that's a loss of land value of about $326 million. a new documentary called "gaining ground: the fight for black land" explores how this happened, its lasting effect on black families and their efforts now to reclaim their legacy and create generational wealth. emmy-nominated eternal polk wrote and directed the film, and is one of the film's executive producers, along with television personality al roker. how did this big drop in black farmers and black farmland ownership, how did this happen? >> well, there is a little known legal loophole called heirs property, which essentially allows for a person to buy a interest in your property and then force you to sell the land at at a low rate, or you just lose it because you don't have the funds to to fight in the court. so imagine you have ten

heirs who all have a claim to a property and one of them sells and it doesn't matter how big or small the interest of the property that they sell. someone who bought that interest can now force you to sell all of it. so if it's 4,000 acres, and they sell one acre, that sale of that one acre will allow the purchaser of that acre to be forced to sell off all of the land. and that's pretty egregious when you think about millions of acres that have been lost. john: as i understand it from the documentary, a lot of farmers thought by leaving it to all their heirs, all their children, for instance, it would be better, it would be easier to hold on to, but it didn't turn out to be the case. >> well, exactly, because their thinking was, and it kind of makes sense, that you would have to get everyone to sign off on the property sale, but you do not have to have everyone sign off to sell one portion of the

prerty that you're entitled to. and it especially happens in situations where there is no will or no clear title to the land. and that's where, sort of, the the chaos sort of comes in, with a lot of people being able to have a claim to a piece of property. and it could be ten heirs. if it's one generation, two or three, it could be 40 or 50. and in some cases, where you have five generations, it could be 200 different people who have a claim to a piece of land. john: how much of this did you know before you started working on this project? >> man, it was it was amazing for this to be such a pervasive issue in the agricultural space that i knew nothing about, this particular legal loophole. whenever i mentioned this project to anyone, and i mentioned what the topic was and what we were covering, inevitably someone would say, "oh, that happened to me," or "we're going through that right

now." it is kind of a silent situation because no one is advertising "we're about to lose our land," and oftentimes people don't know what kind of legal recourse they have, where resources are available to them. so they kind of go through it alone. and this film has really kind of illuminated how how real this issue is even now today. it's still happening and people are taking advantage of this loophole. john: on the inheritance law we talked about earlier, you don't just point out the problem. you have solutions. seems to me that if someone is in this situation and pays attention to the film, they would know what to do. is that a goal? >> it definitely was. the idea that someone could do something and then take your home and then you have to fight to get it back. and you have to fight and pay for it. it's not just you fight and they say, oh, you fought and fought it off. you have to pay for your land that you already own. once you go through this whole process of it, if it comes out unfavorable.

so because this is such a daunting situation to be in, i really wanted us to show and demonstrate that there were people out here who are doing the work and there are solutions and ways you can monetize land. because that's another big thing when you realize how much land you have, the question then becomes how do we take care of it or how do we monetize it? and i can tell you, no matter what level economic or educational background someone comes from, inevitably i have someone who comes to me and says, "i didn't know this and thank you, because now i know there are resources and options for us with our land." john: in the documentary you talk about and illustrate the importance of this land to these families in a spiritual way. was that something you really wanted to make sure was told in this film? >> yes. yes. i really felt at the land has

such a spiritual conversation with people all over the world, and because of different situations here in the united states, whether it's racism or terrorism, where people were driven off their land or just, by some legal manipulation, they lose the land. we've lost the connection to that land as a general populace. and i think that's a common issue. no matter what background you're from, that this connection to the land is not what it -- what it used to be. and i think it's a very spiritual thing that leads to healing for us, you know, for all of the things that come from the earth, to the connection to the earth, and what it provides to us in terms of healing and peace and meditation and comfort, is something i really wanted to express in the film i want people to, to go back to the land and be connected to it.

john: eternal popethe writer, director and executive producer of "gaining ground," which is going to be shown at some film festivals coming up in the next several weeks. ernal polk, thank you very much. >> thank you for having me. it was a pleasure. ♪ john: we go, an update on the spanish election. the associated press reports the popular party is set to narrowly win but without the majority it needs to form a new government. that is the p news weekend for this sunday. i'm john yang. for all of my colleagues, thanks for joining us. have a good week. >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> for 25 years, consumer cellular has offered wireless plans to help people do more of what they like. our customer service team can

find the plan that fits you. visit consumercellular.tv. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪

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