♪ john: tonight, the latest from jacksonville, florida, where a gunman killed three black people in a racially automated attack. new research received -- reveals

it genetic mutation that increases the risk of parkinson's disease in people of african descent. and a look at the effects of climate change on the global food supply. >> there will be winners and losers. >> major funding for previous news weekend has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular, this is sam. how may i help you? you get nationwide coverage with no contract. that is our thing. have a nice day. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

and friends of the newshour teary-eyed >> this program was made possible by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you area john: as americans market the 60th anniversary of the i have a dream speech, yesterday fatal shooting of three black people in florida is a reminder that race-based hate is still among us. authorities say the shooter left behind ratings detailing his ideology of hate.

the fbi is investigating the rampage as a hate crime. president biden said hate may have no safe harbor, silence is complicity and we must not remain silt some of the images may be disturbing. >> in the newtown area of jacksonville, neighbors gathered to lift each other up and todayy afternoon at a dollar general store. the and men killed two men and one women, all black. then he texted his father, telling him to check his computer, where he had left multiple racist manifestoes, a suicide note, and a low. the shooter was later confirmed to have killed himself. >> i urge us all not to look for sense in a senseless act of violence there is no reasonable

explanation. his sickening ideology is not representative of the values of this jacksonville community. >> santos condemned the shooter. -- ron desantis condemned the shooter. >> perpetrating violence is unacceptable. targeting people due to race has no place in florida. >> the sheriff's office with -- these disturbing photos of the shooter's guns. one had swastikas on it hate rhymes are on the widespread racism against black people accounts for half of all racially motivated times that it is shooting was the latest in a series of racially motived -- motivated attacks. try try one, a shooter killed -- in 20 trying one, issued or killed 8 people, in atlanta. john: more tragedy in the

military. the crash of the u.s. marine corps craft in australia has left marines dead. it went down on melville island of the northern coast during a multinational training ercise. everyone on board injured, at least five critically. because of the crash is unknown and the military exercise is on hold. the new tropical storm system has formed of the yucatan peninsula. it is more or less stationary right nowit could deliver heavyd winds to the tampa area by tuesday, making landfall by wednesday. ron desantis is declared a state of emergency for more than 30 counties. it has been confirmed that if getting prigozhin died wednesday. u.s. intelligence says his plane was likely brought down intentionally but not by a

missile become one has denied any involvement. hundreds of monster hunters converged on scotland's loch ness this weekend in search of signs of a missile call- mythical loch ness monster. volunteers and researchers were armed with thermal imaging crumbs. enthusiasts could not -- we cannot make watch live streams. still to come, the ways climate change is disrupting the global food supply and help america's since green stacks up against -- sunscreen stacks up against the rest of the world. >> this is pbs news weekend from the studios in washington. lonnie: john: one million americans are living with parkinson's disease, a progressive condition that

causes problems with body movement. every year, about 90,000 americans are newly diagnosed, but black patients are far less likely than others to be diagnosed. when they are, it is an average of years later than white patients. new research has identified a genetic variant that increases the risk of parkinson's in people of african descent. that is not seen in those of european ancestry. the managing director of aligning science across parkinson's, from your perspective, what is the significance of this research, not only for our understanding of parkinson's, but also for these underserved communities? dr. riley: i think it showcases the importance of inclusion and this intentional inclusion of people who are traditionally up

for it -- underrepresented here in the u.s. and abroad. what we have done is the program under our umbrella that has moved this forward. the global pkinson's genetics program, what they have and has been inclusive through and through by creating a global coalition of investigators. john: the mechanism, how this variant works is not known, but it is a marker. could it some date lead to targeted treatments or therapies for people of african descent? dr. riley: that is the hope. there are therapies in human testing that target gba.1, which is the gene in which a new variant was identified. it has already been known to increase the likelihood of developing parkinson's.

being that we are already headed into an era of more targeted treatment, it is the hope that it will widen the aperture and include more variants and more people who made the affected. one major corollary here, is if you get your cancer genotypes, there can be a particular treatment specific to your cancer. that is really the hope that we can get to that place with parkinson's disease as well. really, there are a few other risk factors in parkinson's disease for which clinical trials are being run and targeting those risk factors. now, knowing about this particular rk factor, we can start to feel more research into this area and have the potential to revolutionize treatment options for underserved populations. john: and you talked about the importance of inclusion.

is this an issue just for parkinson's research or for medical research overall? dr. riley: for medical research overall. there needs to be far more emphasis placed on making sure that the research being done is effective of the communities we are in. it is not specific to parkinson's disease or any other area. we are moving in that direction. there are other studies supported by the am i h. a key example is the all of us initiative that is trying to count more and more people in the u.s. that are of diverse ancestries and backgrounds. we need more types of studies like that. and we need for existing studies to go out into the communities that they are serving trip john: why is so much medical research about people of european descent? dr. riley: there is a history of

racism and also that type of history abroad as well. as we are moving forward to think about how we want to target disease, more and more, we are going to see, i hope, more efforts, opening up and thinking about how to include populations of other ethnicities and ancestries and really coming together to give more global picture of disease. like i mentioned, there are compound issues. more than we can get to in this segment, but it is time to shift our focus and think about how we are going to dismantle what has existed before. at being the history of racism, which has been -- is fostered scientific distress, and build more and do better and include people who are traditionally underrepresented here in the u.s. and abroad.

john: you are finding was accidental. you did not set up to look for this? dr. riley: that is correct. originally, we set up this project, the leadership, they are walking the walk and thinking about how they are going to build capacity within the countries they are working with and also be a discovery engine. they set up a practice project for trainees in nigeria and britain. it just so happened that doing this training exercise and using real data, that led to uncovering a real finding. john: that must've been very exciting. dr. riley of aligning science across parkinson's. think you very much.

this summer, the effects of climate change have been hard to miss. record heat, wildfires, warming oceans. there are other, less obvious consequences -- warmer weather and changes in precipitation affect both the oddity and quality of food crops. earlier i spoke with a scientist at columbia university and the nasa goddard institute for space studies. i asked him to explain the relationship between climate change and the global food supply. >> if you are askingor the main drivers that really affect both in the yield, it is maybe three aspects -- temperature, precipitation, and something this much less known, carbon dioxide, co2 in the air. they create extreme events such as droughts, heat waves, hail,

flooding is a big problem. but the co2 effect that creates climate change, tops love it. -- crops love it. at the same time, it creates adverse effects in the climate. this this effect all caps the same? good question. some crops are sensitive to the co2 effect. others are not. corn, maize does not really benefit from higher co2 levels. the shifting precipitation patterns are felt in maize production. glibly aggregated, corn is seeing the largest negative impact. john: for there are winners and losers in terms of crops?

>> that is a message we need to get comfortable with our karmic change is not just a negative blanket of adverse effects, but we want to be really careful. because potential gains are difficult to realize. and what is important is to think of the regions where they could happen at low latitudes, we are generally speaking of lower income countries that have less capacity to adapt. larger negative impacts will rectly impact the hoods and food systems. whereas in developed bread basket regions in the global north, there is more adaptation capacity that can buffer some of these negative impacts. john: and this can also affect the nutritional value of ops, right? >> correct.

when i say co2 is beneficial for plant growth, at the same time, it dilutes the nutritional content of crops. it moderates any gains you may see from higher co2 levels and the nutritional quality -- think protein content, macronutrients such as zinc and vitamins and iron -- these components are not produced by the cop at the same pace they are going. it is a dilution effect. it lowers the nutritional quality of the crop, which raises concerns for global nutrition. john: tell us the practical effects of all of what you just explained in terms of people's diets, in terms of food insecurity in places that are already experiencing food insecurity. what are the practical effects of all of this? >> agriculture is facing a new

climatic reality. it has to undergo a fundamental transformation. there will be winners and losers. some regions may potentially benefit from moderate warming at higher levels. the best majority of global bread baskets lucy adverse impact -- will see adverse impacts. there needs to be a proactive adaptation implementation. that is the key to making global food systems sustainable. and climate resilient. john: adaptation, what needs to be adapted? >> things such as if it is warmer, go out earlier. that is already happening. you have to think of new

varieties. and that is a challenge for breeders. to develop new varieties that are adapted to these new realities, that explained a warmer environment. but it is unclear. at the forefront of research how far can that go? then later, you can switch to new crops in regions where you say is not viable to grow corn anymore, we as consumers a big role. first, we choose what we are eating good we can make a whole contribution to the global sustainability of the food system by requesting more sustainable foods. for example, the animal-based contribution to your diet makes a big contribution. john: i you.

-- thank you. the skin cancer foundation says that to lower the risk of skin cancer, everybody owner than six months should use sunscreen everyday, not just when lying on a beach. but ellie rogan tells us that sunblock in america is full of ingredients that are decades old and increasingly obsolete. >> the last time the fda approved new active ingredients for sunscreen was 19 and nine. in the past few years, some have such a expedited the regulatory process for sunscreen, but many consumers, industry leaders, and dermatologists are frustrated

that on social media, influencers spotlighting just how far behind they feel american sunscreens are. it has even gotten the attention of alexandria cassio cortez. >> i was in south korea earlier this year. it is so clear how far advanced the rest of the world is on sunscreen. >> here to discuss american sunscreen is a board-certified dermatologist thank you f joining us. we just heard alexandria or because your cortez talking about how superior brands in south korea and also europe and other parts of the developed world are. why are american sunscreens so far behind? >> it has been since 1989 that a new uv filter has been approved in the u.s. and what is a uv filter? it is the chemical ingredient in

the sunscreen protecting our skin from uv light. just to look at the sheer numbers globally, there is a much archer pool of options that manufacturers can draw from which helps the consumer because there are more products out there there protect a wider range of uv light. in europe, there are 29 approved uv filters. in the u.s., we have 16. and uba, which ages our skin, in europe, there are nine filters for it in the u.s., we only have four. john: how does that translate to actual protection? >> in the u.s., sunscreen is regulated as an over the counter drug. when you look at europe, since bins are regulated as cosmetics they do not require human clinical data in order to get

approved. however, there are standards for eva filter approvals are more robust for -- then for here in the u.s. new there is a suggestion that the fda will change approval problems here in the u.s. which will bring up the parity level. we are all holding our breath, waiting for the fda to make these changes. >> to the average person, when you hear extensive regulation to make sure that these substances we are putting on our skin are safe that is a good thing. but why is it that it seems like these other markets have found a better balance between safe ingredients and the best products for skin protection? >> it is interesting. europe does not require human data for filters to be approved. but in the studies that have come out since our filters have

hit the market, little -- there is little data to suggest that it is endangering the consumer. there is very little absorption or irritant reactions. less regulation has given them more options but it has not come with significant data to suggest it is putting the consumer in any type of harm. there is an exciting european filter that covers blue light. we are learning more and more every day about how blue light ages the skin and affects other dermatological issues. it will protect you against skin cancer and all of that, but the new technology is savvier filters that are coming out in europe. i would love to see those come to fruition on the american side as well. >> if you are putting on

american sunscreen, what is your risk compared to somebody putting on since going from a different market? also, what should people who only have access to the american sunscreen market be doing to help protect themselves to the post extent? >> you are safe in using american products. it is not as though your skin is at additional risk/ i want to be very clear. everybody should use sunscreen three and 65 days a year. apply it on everything that is exposed and reapply it every two hours. ideally you are using an spf level between 30 and 50. try to avoid sun exposure between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. wearing a widebrimmed hat and clothing with uv protection, these are all additional behaviors we can take on. skin cancer is the most common

type of cancer in the u.s. make all of these good choices when you are outdoors. >> thank you for breaking this down. >> thank you for having me. john: now online, and look at what we know about the 18 people indicted in georgia along with the. all that and more is on our website. that is previous news weekend for this sunday. on monday, lonnie bunche, head of the smithsonian, and in double acp legal defense fund president jenae nelson discussed the march on washington. thanks for joining us. have a good week.

>> major funding for pbs news week and has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular. this is sam. how may i help you? >> with consumer cellular, you get nationwide coverage was no contact. have a nice day. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.]

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