wow, you get to watch all your favorite stuff. it's to die for. now you won't miss a thing. this is the way. the xfinity 10g network. made for streaming. geoff: good evening. i'm geoff bennett. amna nawaz is on assignment. on the "newshour" tonight, kevin mccarthy is ousted as speaker of the house days after he defied far-right republicans and secured a deal to avoid a federal government shutdown. laphonza butler is sworn in to

replace the late democratic senator from california, dianne feinstein. what to know about the history making appointment. and, former secretary of state hillary clinton weighs in on the state of american politics and the growing gop calls to halt aid for ukraine. >> i don't understand any american siding with putin, but we've seen it, and we've heard it and we have to fight against it. >> major the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of the newshour including kathy and paul anderson and camilla and george smith. >> pediatric surgeon, volunteer,

topiary artist, a raymond james financial advisor taylor's advice to help you live your life. life well planned. fostering an informed and engaged communities. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs

station from viewers like you. thank you. geoff: welcome to the newshour. for the first time in this nation's history, the house of represenatives has formally ousted its speaker. a handful of hard-right republicans and every democrat voted together to remove the gavel from speaker kevin mccarthy's hand. >> chaos is speaker mccarthy. chaos is somebody who we cannot trust with their word. the one thing that the white house, house democrats, and many of us on the conservative side of the republican caucus would argue is that the thing we have in common, kevin mccarthy said something to all of us at one point or another that he did not really mean and never intended to live up to. >> this body is entrenched in a suboptimal path and refuses to leave. refuses to leave that path.

you cannot change if you are unwilling to change. we had every opportunity to change. we were promised change. >> with the democrats driving the fiscal bus off the cliff, we cannot simply be content to be the party that slows it down to 95 just so we can sit in the front seat and where the captains hatch. our current debt and spending trajectory is unsustainable. we need a speaker, ideally somebody who does not want to be speaker, and has not pursued that at all costs for his entire adult life, who will meet the moment and do everything possible to fight for the country. >> we are proud of the leadership he has shown. we are proud of the manner in which he has been willing to work with everybody in our conference and i believe in this chamber. there is a second group, small group. honestly, they are willing to plunge this body into chaos in this country into uncertainty for reasons that only they

really understand. >> this motion to vacate is a terrible idea. you see, the only member who is serving here who take every chance to vote against speaker ryan, i can tell you that this chamber has been run better. >> it has been messy. it has been rockets. at times, it has been chaotic and god bless every minute of it. because democracy is supposed to be hard and because the alternative is a closed-door process where 2000 page bills come out of the speakers office at midnight and are forced to the floor the next morning. geoff: today's move cayman islands to the day since mccarthy lost his first vote to become speaker. it took 14 more ballots for him to assume the role. lisa desjardins has been watching all of this unfold on capitol hill. take us through this note and tell us what is the status of the house of representatives right now without a house speaker? lisa: california congressman

kevin mccarthy, as he is now being known, his long run of political all gymnastics, aerial feats to try and survive in his own caucus day by day, that has ended tonight as the house voted on that 216-210 vote to oust him. it has only come up for a vote once before in our nations history. the house declared that the speakership itself was vacant. how this happened came down to two things essentially. the math and the people involved, the small group determined to get rid of mccarthy. eight republicans united together to oust him. if you look at those faces, they are mainly conservatives with one exception on the bottom row. nancy is known as a moderate. she is a vulnerable republican. i spoke with her after this a short while ago. why did she do this? what did she think about the risks she's taking by putting

the house in limbo? she said i feel like the house was in chaos. he broke his promises. she said he did not come through for women or other things. another person on that list told me he voted no on mccarthy for a number of reasons including a matter of character. in the last day, mccarthy made fun of his religion, his call for prayer. this was personal as well as political for everyone on that list. geoff: it's fair to say it had been a tumultuous nine months for kevin mccarthy. what is driving the apparent dysfunction within the house republican conference? lisa: the math is an issue. it is a slim five vote majority the republicans have. emigrants have been able to govern with that. i thought about what is underneath this so let's look at the list. as you heard today, spending. that is driving a lot of these conservatives. kevin mccarthy has not gone far enough to cut spending but also underneath all of this is a

clear distrust of kevin mccarthy. his relationships and lack of relationships is really hurting him right now but in addition to that, there's some other factors. one of those is a push for partisanship. some of those who wanted him out think kevin mccarthy should not have tried to work with democrats to keep government open. that is a factor in our government beyond kevin mccarthy. the last thing i will say is president trump who himself did ca for a government shutdown. he has been someone who has really injected into the republican party the idea that not only is disruption safe but it is good. he encourad conservatives like this to try and challenge institutions including the head of the institution of the house of representatives itself. one other thing, democrats had the option of saving speaker mccarthy today but it also comes down to relationships. they said he has attacked them and lied about them. they came out of their meeting very hot, saying no way are we going to save him. geoff: you mentioned

relationships. there is no obvious successor, someone who can unite the fractious republican party. what comes next? the country is headed towards yet another government funding deadline on november 17. what does this all mean for that? lisa: as i talk to you right now, the house does not have a permanent speaker of the house for the first time in our history but it does have an acting speaker of the house, patrick mchenry, a mccarthy ally. there is a little-known statute that came into place after september 11 in which speakers of the house must submit a list to the clerk that is kept a secret of who they would like to succeed them in case something happens to them. patrick mchenry is the number one name on that list and he is technically the acting speaker right now. i'm told he is not in the line for presidential succession so what we have here basically is a question mark. how long will it take to get a speaker? i'm told mccarthy would like to run for speaker again so i think

our viewers can imagine what we may be in for. a series of votes like we had in january potentially where mccarthy tries to convince some of those people who voted against him today to vote present, allowing him somehow to win. that is a longshot for him and you hit it right on the head. this is all a huge risk for so many parts of government especially 45 days. this does increase the risk exponentially of a shutdown but also it is a problem for ukraine , for the money that ukraine is hoping to get as it -- as it fights its war with russia. that is a problem for taiwan. the domino effects of this situation are massive and i think we will be following this, talking about this a lot. impeachment is something rare but we have never seen a vote like this in u.s. history. geoff: lisa desjardins reporting from capitol hill on the historic house vote that resulted in the ouster of kevin mccarthy as house speaker. lisa, thank you.

in the day's other headlines, hunter biden pleaded not guilty to federal charges that he lied about drug use when he bought a handgun in 2018. the president's son said nothing as he left a wilmington, delaware courtroom after his arraignment this morning. his lawyers said they hope to get the case dismissed on constitutional grounds. an earlier plea deal for biden fell through last summer. a state judge in new york imposed a limited gag order on former president trump today, at his civil trial for alleged business fraud. that came after he disparaged a law clerk online. today, mr. trump spent a second day at the defense table. state prosecutors began making the case that he and his company have routinely overstated his wealth and assets. jury selection has opened in new york in the federal fraud trial of sam bankman-fried.

the former billionaire founded ftx, the now-defunct cryptocurrency exchange. he looked on with his lawyers today as the court began questioning prospective jurors. bankman-fried has pleaded not guilty to defrauding thousands of customers. president biden sought to reassure allied leaders today about the u.s. commitment to ukraine. he convened a conference call days after congress removed additional funding for kyiv from a government funding bill. the white house national security spokesman john kirby says none of the leaders voiced any concerns. none of the foreign leaders expressed concerns about continued u.s. support. >> they understand what's going on up on capitol hill. they understand that this is a small minority of extreme republicans that are holding this up, and that, they understand that the bulk of republican leadership, house and the senate, all support ukraine. geoff: the white house is warning that any lapse in u.s. support will only embolden russia.

in pakistan, the government has ordered anyone in the country illegally to leave by november 1, or face arrest and expulsion. that includes more than 1.7 million afghans. many have been in pakistan for decades, and they say the new policy is unjust. if we are forced to leave pakistan, we will leave. but it is our right to remain in pakistan, under islamic law as well as under democratic norms. forty years is a very long time. there should be justice. there is no precedent of expelling people who have been living for 40 years in a country. lisa: -- geoff: today's announcement follows suicide bombings that police blame on afghan militants. the attacks have strained relations between pakistan and the taliban government in afghanistan. police in turkey detained nearly 1000 people today in the wake of a suicide bombing in ankara that wounded two policemen. raids were carried out in 16 provinces. those arrested included dozens of people with alleged ties to the outlawed pkk, a kurdish insurgent group. tonight, turkey also launched fresh air strikes against pkk targets in neighboring iraq. we capture very quickly in real time processes that are happening in the microscopic world.

just ayou photograph a formula 1 racing car with a fast camera as it runs thrgh the finish line. you need a camera with very short exposure time, this is -- >> just as you photograph a formula 1 racing car with a fast camera as it runs through the finish line. you need a camera with a very short exposure time, this is exactly the concept we use for the fastest movements that happen in nature outside the atomic nucleus, which is the movement of electrons. vanessa: the research could lead to breakthroughs in a wide variety of fields, from medical diagnostics to developing electronics. the u.s. supreme court heard arguments today on whether the funding of the consumer financial protection bureau is unconstitutional. the agency receives funds

directly from the federal reserve, instead of appropriations by congress. a lower court found the arrangement interferes with congressional supervision. a new jersey appeals court has tossed out a verdict of $222 million against johnson & johnson over claims that its talc powder products cause cancer. the panel said a lower court should have barred some of the expert testimony heard at trial. johnson & johnson is facing more than 38,000 related lawsuits. and on wall street, stocks plunged after strong data on job openings reinforced fears that the economy is still too hot for the federal reserves to cut interest rates. the dow jones industrial average lost 431 points, well over 1%, to close near 33,000. the nasdaq fell 1.9%. the s&p 500 dropped nearly 1.4%. still to come on the "newshour", the role california's newest senator could play in congress. despite sanctions, a u.s.based company sold machinery that russia is using in its war against ukraine. and author steve inskeep discusses his new book on how abraham lincoln succeeded in a divided united states.

>> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. geoff: former secretary of state hillary clinton is once again professor hillary clinton, as a professor of practice at columbia university's newly launched institute of global politics. she's teaching alongside the dean, keren yarhi-meelo, who said their focus is inspiring future foreign policy leaders and thinkers to collaborate around solving the world's most pressing problems. >> what we want to see is a next generation of leaders that, they know -- they understand how to lead in a polarized society because they will feel that they got the skills here, to learn to disagree with one another

respectfully, to persuade, to build consensus, to hear different views, to really listen, to question their own assumptions. that's what leadership will look like in the future. geoff: i spoke with sec clinton in an exclusive interview this morning about her new role that bridges the worlds of academia and public service. thank you so much for making time for us. we appreciate it. it was the 1970's when you were last a professor at the university of arkansas law school. what is it like to be back in the classroom and what was the intention behind taking on this new role? first of all, it is incredibly exciting. i karen: and i was very intrigued because having been in the senate, having been secretary of state, having literally traveled millions of miles, i wanted to know what was on young people's minds and what they were thinking about the world. i also wanted to find out if

there were more effective ways in talking about the challenges that we confront, whether it is the war in ukraine or climate change or whatever it might be. i thought there could not be a better way than to stand up in front of 375 young people every week with my co-teacher, the dean of the school, to really figure out what kids are thinking, what young people worry about. it helps me understand how young people are thinking about these issues because i will tell you, before i started teaching, i kept hearing they did not want to talk about difficult subjects, trigger warnings. i have not seen any of that. this has been a very thoughtful land, for me, enriching experience. geoff: your course is focused on foreign policy decision-making. when you were secretary of state, you focused a lot on asia and the growing threat china presented and now, we see that

biden administration trying to contain china, develop more stronger relationships in the indo pacific my calling for greater stability in the region. what is your assessment of the threat that china poses as it amasses more military and scientific and technological strength? sec. clinton: i think it poses potentially -- first and foremost, in its region, starting with taiwan but not ending there. clearly, china has demonstrated an aggressive approach and they have invested a lot of money, creating much more capacity. what we are hoping is that we can manage the relationship so yes, we will have competition and strategic competition. there's nothing wrong with that. we will not tip over by intention or accident into

conflict. much of that depends upon the current chinese leadership and once a leader decides to stay for life, that is not a good sign. >> as we talked about america's role in the world, the continued funding and assistance for ukraine is now a point of contention on capitol hill. how do you think vladimir putin is eyeing the growing political divide over the ukraine issue in this country? sec. clinton: i think putin is not only thrilled over the divide over there we continue and at what levels to -- putin and his team that does the kind of interventions, covert and overt, aiming to undermine democracy and to suborned political leaders, is a big part of how he sees his role. when i see people parroting russian talking points that first showed up on russia today or first showed up in a speech

from a russian official, you know, that is a big point scored for putin. when i see americans in positions of responsibility talking about how we should not support the people of ukraine, you know, they are corrupt, yes. they are working very hard to be transparent and accountable. and talk about corruption, there is the master of corruption living in the kremlin. so there is an ideological and sadly partisan political divide and i know that the majority of congress is still in favor of supporting ukraine so we have got to get through this period. we have to pass legislation and continue to support. you know jeff, this fight is our fight. i don't understand any american siding with putin but we have seen it and we have heard it and we have to fight against it. geoff: as we talk about

congress, there is an effort led by republican congressmen to oust kevin mccarthy. does the speaker mccarthy deserved to keep his job as a speaker? should democrats help bail him out? sec. clinton: i will let the caucus decide that. i was pleasantly surprised that the speaker did the right thing when he made common cause with those grown-up members of his own republican caucus and democrats to keep the government open. i would hope that that kind of mature leadership is not punished by the most extreme members of his caucus. so how the democrats play this, and they have a couple of different options. it is for them to decide. i think mccarthy did the right thing for the country. isn't that a good thing to be able to say? he did the right thing for the country. geoff: on this matter of extremists within the gop, president biden said the trump

republicans are semi-fascist and that there is this growing authoritarian strain in the republican party. what is the best way to remedy that if you see it that way? sec. clinton: i do see it that way and i am not happy about saying that and i know president biden was not happy because it sounds so discordant to our ears. how could we be growing a kind of authoritarian political force inside our country? the people who are at the leadership level of all of that, both elected and unelected, are promoting lies and being incredibly divisive and frankly, being loyal to a wannabe dictator. and how did we get here? i don't know all the answers had lots of people are writing books about that but i do know you have to do several things. you have to defeat those people at the polls and there's nothing more important than sending a

resounding message. let's get back to regular politics. you and i can agree or disagree as democrats and republicans from different regions of our country, different kinds of points of view but let's get back to having a fact-based political discussion where, you know, ok, what do you think about climate change and how we are going to deal with it and what do you think about our economy and how we are going to grow it? let's have that kind of discussion. let's move away from the personal attacks and the kind of nonsense moves like impeaching joe biden for nothing simply because you disagree with him politically. you know, i was in the senate as you know for eight years. if you have ideas, speaking to the house extremists, if you have ideas about how we should govern our country, do the work you were elected to do. have committee meetings, mark up registration, take votes, and

then work to try and reconcile whatever the senate comes up with. that is what used to happen, the so-called regular order, so go to work. don't be walking around, you know, engaging in twitter fights and insults and personal attacks . that is not the way we are supposed to govern ourselves and no way for a great country to behave. geoff: is divided-harris to get the best ticket -- the biden- harris to get the best ticket? sec. clinton: people ask, do you think his age is a legitimate issue? the outcome of the question to me is, ok, that is a factor and let's look everything else. maybe people do not want to rebuild our infrastructure and deal with all of our physical decay, but i do and joe biden does. maybe we do not want to compete with china on building chip factories, advanced manufacturing in this country, but i do.

maybe we do not want to move towards a clean energy future as quickly as i think we need to. i like that. he got that done. by any measure, the accomplishments of the biden and harris administration are eye popping, and they are laying the groundwork for a richer, more secure country with more people having an opportunity to go as far as their hard work and talent will take them. and i am for them on the merits but i'm also for them because the alternative is so dark and dystopian. to undermine the rule of law and destroy our institutions, to pull us out of nato, doing putin's bidding, to be unwilling to stand up for the real american values, to put one person above the country, none of that is american. so i think that biden-harris deserves to be reelected and we

have to reelect them given what the alternative is. geoff: nikki haley said you inspired her to get into politics and run for office. and then there is this question of donald trump. four indictments and yet he is 40 points ahead of his nearest rival. sec. clinton: it is psychological and emotional. a big part of the republican base feels a connection to trump. i still believe, sitting here today, he will be their nominee no matter how hard others may try to distinguish themselves. and i think it is a very sad commentary on what people are looking for in a leader because everything that he allegedly stands for is at odds with so much of what has made this country work for a long time, overcome many of our shortcomings and obstacles and

it seems almost impossible to break through that 40% that is wedded to him as the next president so i think we need to do a better job in reaching out to everybody else who is potentially reachable. you know, talking about what kind of life they want for themselves, their children, their grandchildren, and who is more likely to deliver it. there's all of these projects being announced all over the country. donald trump talked about infrastructure endlessly and never did a thing about it. joe biden did not talk as much but got it done so if you want to good job, if you want a big potential opportunity to grow the area you are living in, particularly rural areas because a lot of these projects are going into areas with real needs, joe biden has delivered for you but is the emotional, psychological, cultural connection to someone who really has unfortunately manipulated social media and also some

so-called mainstream media in a way that people believe what he says to them. and that is hard to break. it's like being in a cult almost . and other republicans running against him are trying very hard . i don't think they are going to be successful given where we are. i think it is imperative on the country to once again defeat trump and elect biden. geoff: in preparing to speak with you, i spoke to some of your supporters, even some people who worked on your campaign on the question they asked me to ask you is "is she ok? " does she feel fulfilled after the trauma and 2016? --in 2016? sec. clinton: personally, i'm doing great. i appreciate that question because i get asked it all the time. and i always say, you know, personally, i am great. i'm worried about our country on the world. it always reminds me of what my

dear friend and the first woman, secretary of state, used to say when she would speak about the problems we have. she wrote a book called "fascism" which was a warning to the united states. i'm talking about madeleine albright. she fled the nazis and then she fled the communists. she knows what she's talking about. she would give these very serious talks and then somebody invariably would say, are you an optimist? she would say yes. i am an optimist who worries a lot. geoff: noted. hillary clinton, thank you so much for your time and congratulations on the launch of the institute of global politics. sec. clinton: thank you very much. ♪ geoff: california governor gavin newsom tapped laphonza butler to fill the senate seat long held by diane feinstein, who died last week.

butler is the president of emily's list, a political action committee that backs pro-choice democratic women. she becomes the second black woman to represent california in the senate, following vice president kamala harris, who swore her in today. >> congratulations. geoff: butler's appointment, while interim, heats up the democratic primary race to permanently fill the seat. following this all closely is marisa lagos, who covers california politics for kqed. thank you for joining us this evening. marisa: thank you so much for having me. geoff: butler is also the first member of the lgbtq community to represent california in the senate. tell us more about her background and how gavin newsom ultimately selected her for this highly coveted appointment. marisa: she has been running emily's list for the last two years. in california, she is most well-known for her role as head of the seiu labor union.

they represented hundreds of thousands of in home care workers and nursing home workers, the largest union in the state. prior to that job, she had worked for the national organization as an organizer but she actually has some, you know, experience of her own in campaigns. she was on kamala harris's campaign for president before she dropped out and joined the biden ticket and she did some consulting work as well for airbnb -- well, consulting work for uber and she was in house briefly for airbnb so kind of an interesting spectrum. a lot of labor experience but a little tech experience as well. geoff: senator feinstein championed issues such as reducing gun violence, equal protection under the law. what issues might senator butler adopt as her own? marisa: i would not expect her to be any more conservative than senator feinstein on anything. in fact, i think she is to her left. given her experience working at

seiu, what she told us in 2019 really was born out of what she experienced at home. her father fell ill when she was a teenager. her mother had to work multiple jobs and take care of him so she has been a champion for working people and i would expect that to continue. obviously, she has been outspoken about reproductive rights but this is the first time she will ever be in appointed office so i think there's a lot of questions. in the past, she has always been representing other groups or clients. she shares a lot of those same opinions but i don't think we fully know where she will go so we will be watching that closely. geoff: the big question is will she run for reelection? as i understand it, she is genuinely undecided but her decision has the potential to scramble the california senate race what with three prominent democrats already vying for it. you have adam schiff, katie porter, and barbara lee.

tell us more about that. marisa: this has been a big behind-the-scenes tug-of-war. barbara lee really lobbied hard and her allies to get her appointed to the seat. the governor, governor newsom, had promised he would appoint a black woman if senator find i did not finish her term so i do think this just adds a ton of uncertainty for all the candidates and certainly for now, senator butler. she will have to decide quickly. the primary on super tuesday is less than two months away. we are a big state with 40 million people. you cannot just do retail politics. she is not a known quantity to most voters. that said, she has got an excellent group of consultants behind her, the same ones that got gavin newsom and kamala harris elected here in california that she worked for before and she has a fundraising network from her time at emily's list so if she runs, she will be formidable. geoff: thanks so much for sharing your reporting with us. marisa: my pleasure.

geoff: are american manufacturers helping russia rearm? with support from the pulitzer center, newshour traveled to ukraine and upstate new york to investigate an industrial technology that has the u.s. department of defense among its clients. its products appear to be prized in russia as well, where the military industrial complex has ramped up to meet the demand of the war in ukraine. special correspondent simon ostrovsky has this report. simon: this is the tractor plant in russia. it has seen orders soar for the battle tank engines it manufactures. >> in the first quarter of the year, the monthly volume of modernized to diesel engines manufactured exceeded that of the ussr during the cold war by 12%.

simon: that's because after world war ii, the soviet union and russia has never fought a country that could destroy heavy armor at the rate ukraine is destroying russia's military hardware today. >> these are our destroyed vehicles. there is the tank. and the tank itself. everything is great. we are the best. simon: russia has lost 6430 vehicles including at least 2253 tanks since it launched its bloody campaign. >> as a result of increased production volumes, we need young workers. >> as a result, the plant has been on an unprecedented hiring blitz, posting recruitment videos like this one across social media, videos that reveal the technology they have used to ramp up its production. >> you're seeking men and women of any age. simon: the device seen in the

background is this. it is a machine tool that uses computer numerical control to my automatically machined metal into almost any design and shape. it creates crankshafts needed for its various diesel tank engines. the company that makes the machine tools is called nsh and has roots in the upstate new york machine tool corporation which manufactures maintenance equipment used by many u.s. metro transit systems. it also supplies the u.s. department of defense and was awarded an $8.8 million defense contract from the u.s. army for the supply of milling machines last year. although the machine tools get made in germany, it is 100% american owned company so it is subject to u.s. export controls. they have manufacturing facilities in germany and in

china but also in michigan and here in albany. so how did a machine tool made by a company that got its start in the new york state capitol and up on the floor of a factory owned by rush only tank manufacturer, which has been subject to u.s. sanctions since 2014? the answer lies with this man, the german born american chairman of an estate group -- nsh group, who has been vocal about his opposition to sanctions against russia. here he is in 2016. >> sanctions were foisted on us by the united states. i hope that decision will be made soon. >> when donald trump became president in 2017, he told a german newspaper he had voted for the republican and supported his purported stance on russia. >> i think trump, unlike many european politicians, has recognized the white politician

must stand together. roughly 1.5 billion people. but asians come to 6 billion. in my opinion, the world's demographics compel the two nuclear powers to stand together. >> those comments, while racist, are not illegal. his companies dealings with russia might be. shipments to the russian arms industry continue. in 2016, they shipped one worth over $3 million from its factory in germany to the moscow region which manufacturers massive diesel engines -- also notably for the country's navy. he uses the machine to make crankshafts. the sale is a rare example of a direct shipment to a russian arms producer. most of their business with the russian defense industry is

harder to track because it sells its products through intermediaries such as a swiss trading firm specializing in cnc machine tools. here's how works. they purchase products in europe and then ships them to its own subsidiaries in russia. these russian affiliates and then sell the machines to arms producers through public procurement competitions that state owned defense firms are required to hold by law. >> we are at the institute where the rockets and remains of weapons used by the russian federation against kyiv and other regions of ukraine are collected. simon: seven people were killed and more than 150 injured when russia fired the screws missile -- this cruise missile last month. the impact was caught on video by a bystander. >> the date of manufacture, 2023, is stamped into this

component from the remains of the missile. >> this is the tail end of a russian missile. the manufacture of its guidance system is a company that in 2018 ordered a machine tool. but things did not go smoothly. the subsidiary realized it would not be able to deliver the equipment to the manufacturer within the timeframe set out in its defense contract so it reached out directly to the nsh plant in germany, not the swiss trading firm it was ostensibly purchasing the equipment from. to find out how long it would realistically take to deliver. nsh responded directly in the following letter obtained by newshour. >> upon receipt of the manufacturing order in december 2018, the machines will be ready for shipment from our factory in germany in april, may of 2019. >> customs records show they

indeed took delivery o two high precision milling centers in two separate shipments worth $461,000 each. the machines were sold to moscow's central scientific research institute of automation and hydraulics which developed the long-range missile system currently pounding ukrainian cities on a near weekly basis. i managed to get a hold of the president, david davis come on the phone. he told me the nsh group regularly saw export licenses for the products it sold in russia which means they told regulators who the end-user of their machines was supposed to be and asked for permission to make a sale. >> our policy is obviously to follow u.s. export compliance so that is why not for the purpose of, you know, trying to prove

right or wrong which is trying to prove which machines we are talking about. simon: once i had given david but the names on them did not match the end-users, meaning the client may have misled the company about who the machines were actually four. or nsh new all along or at least it should have known. i asked david, a specialist in sanctions law, if nsh was at fault when products sold to a swiss intermediary end up in the wrong hands. >> nsh should have looked further than just the first company purchasing it notably, you can be guilty or responsible for a civil infraction of sanctions even if you do not know that what you are doing is violating the sanctions. this is especially important given that russia is using some

of these products from nsh to make weapons that are killing people on the back field in ukraine. simon: it is your belief that no shipments were made to russia after the full-scale invasion? >> yes. absolutely. i don't have any operating authority over those plants but i mean, it was well-publicized inside of our group that nothing was going to russia. simon: the president told me nsh group halted all trade with russia after the invasion last year. nsh signaled its intention to continue supplying russia with its products in its annual report published almost half a year after russia's full-scale invasion had commenced. believing any contract signed before the russian offensive started were aboveboard. the h in nsh, a subsidiary, made no fewer than 40 shipments to russia worth $17 million between may of 2022 and march of this year.

newshour reached out to the u.s. department of congress -- commerce to check if nsh had applied for american licenses for the machines we traced to russian defense firms but the agency said it could not comment on company specific licensing requests. for the pbs newshour, albany, new york. geoff: there is little doubt the country is divided over a host of issues. but lessons can be learned by examining the past, and npr's steve inskeep did just that. the result is a new book, which he recently discussed with amna nawaz, titled "differ we must: how lincoln succeeded in a divided america." amna: welcome back to the

newshour. steve: oh, it's an honor to be here. thank you so much. amna: so this man's been dead over 150 years. you found a fresh and fascinating way to look at his life, specifically 16 different encounters with 16 different ople, all of whom he disagreed with. why did you want to frame this this way? steve: i started out wanting to get a sense of the diversity of america and that time when, of course, white men had all the power. and so i was looking for people who were different from him, who differed from him. and then i became it became apparent to me that the essence of the story and what's most relevant now is disagreement, is dealing with people who are on a different page. and i thought that i would illuminate the country and also get a sense of abraham lincoln. he's super famous, of course, and beloved, but at the same time, he's kind of a mysterious character. and i thought i would sense who he really was by seeing him in action. amna: the title comes from a letter that lincoln wrote to a dear friend of his. tell me the story behind that. steve: yeah. joshua speed was from lincoln's home state of kentucky, a slave state where slavery was legal at that time. and unlike lincoln, who grew up poor, speed grew up rich in a

slave holding family on a farm with more than 50 enslaved people working there. when they became adults, speed told lincoln, i'm opposed to slavery. i don't agree with slavery. but lincoln wrote him a letter saying, you're not really serious about that. you're not voting that way. you have this general opinion, but you're not really serious. but then he goes on to say to this guy who was his lifelong best friend, "if for this, we must differ, differ we must". and rather than ostracizing or shunning this guy, who was wrong, he signed the letter your friend forever. and it's a powerful anecdote for me, not because it's great to kiss and make up with somebody o is wrong, but because lincoln ended up getting value out of that relationship. when the civil war came and lincoln was president, speed was on the union side and helped ensure the loyalty of his state of kentucky. amna: you begin the first chapter is with an encounter with a man named joshua

giddings, whom you label the provocateur. it's january 1849. slavery was still being practiced in washington, d.c. giddings was a congressman from ohio with someone lincoln, a congressman from illinois, then asked to review a bill that he's drafted. why is this encounter important? steve: i find the difference here fascinating because giddings, as i said, was a provocateur. he had powerful religious convictions, and he argued against slavery in congress where it was supposed to be for many years off limits even to discuss. that's how powerful the slave interests were in the country at the time. giddings made a lot of noise. lincoln was not a guy who was making noise about these things. he was somebody who's making friends with everybody, talking about other issues. but it became apparent that the two of them could collaborate on slavery because even though lincoln had a different approach, they had the same basic beliefs. and they did work together and it ultimately failed but very interesting effort to abolish slavery in the district of columbia by getting even more conservative people than lincoln, along with giddings, the radical to be on the same page.

amna: how did he do it? what were the strategies? steve: well, he's friendly with everybody. he's a storyteller. he's telling jokes, but he's not always telling everything that he knows. he would not lie to anybody, but he would give selective truths. he had a friend who said of lincoln that he would be so open and candid as to give the impression that he had disclosed everything when in reality he had disclosed nothing. amna: you cover as well his first face to face meeting with frederick douglass. steve: yes. amna: which takes place in august of 1863. why was that important to understanding lincoln? steve: this is one of the great meetings in american history because it's two of the greatest americans of the century. and in this case, they had a disagreement with each other. lincoln was president. had issued the emancipation proclamation, freeing the enslaved people of confederate rebels.

and many of them had become union soldiers. but frederick douglass, who had helped to recruit those black soldiers, knew they were receiving unequal treatment. they weren't getting paid the same as white men. they weren't being treated the same as white men or promoted the same as white men. and he effectively came to washington to object, to d you make a liar out of me?why i recruited these men by saying they would be fighting for equality and that they would get equal treatment. and they're not. and it's an incredible meeting because lincoln admitted what had been done. he said they're not receiving equal treatment, and that's because of politics. we have a lot of white men who would resist employing them as soldiers at all. and so i'm getting all i can for now, and we'll try to fix the rest of it later, which in fact, he did. black men ultimately did get equal pay. so these were two men who disagreed, often publicly.

douglass publicly excoriated lincoln again and again. but in private, they could work together and they were pulling the boat in the same direction. amna: the term politician carries a very negative connotation. steve: yeah. amna: lincoln, you say, was an unapologetic politician. steve: yeah, it was what he did. and he was proud of it. but he realized that in politics, he would not survive, he would not succeed unless he appealed to people's interests and their self-interest. and even when he talked about slavery to a white audience, he was trying to tell them, this is why it is bad for you if slavery spreads. you are in the free labor system. slavery competes with you. you do not want slavery to spread. he was not saying have sympathy for the poor black man, although he certainly did have that sympathy. but he was telling voters it's in your interest to do the right thing. he was trying to align people's interests with high moral purpose, and that's what he had to do to succeed. amna: the book is differ we must. the author is steve inskeep. steve, thank you so much for being here. always a pleasure to talk to you. steve: thank you.

♪ geoff: jean uses her work to bring awareness to issues surrounding mental health and she has authored three books of poetry and tonight, we will see her performance at lincoln center in new york. >> i live with bipolar disorder, complex ptsd, chronic anxiety, an autoimmune disease, all of which are rooted in trauma. ♪ >> i write a lot about mental health awareness, trauma survival, and domestic abuse and domestic violence. my poem is written in the voice of my own mania speaking to me. "you clumsy bootlegger, little daffodil. i watered you with an ocean and you plucked one little vein, downed a couple of bottles of pills, and got yourself carted

off to the er." i try and bring awareness to give a broader spectrum of information to the public and to work at reducing stigma and hopefully getting rid of stigma altogether because we are all here and we are all fighting and traveling together. i channel that works through my poetry in an effort to not only work through my own issues but also to hopefully give some access to others who are living with mental health, who are rape survivors, domestic abuse survivors, and give them a space where they feel compelled to engage in their own stories and bring their own stories to life. you should be legend by now. girl in an orange jumpsuit, a headline. i built you from the purest napalm. that -- into your thin skull. i wrote the poem's, i shook your god--boots. >> hoping to illustrate what it

can be like for some people who live with a polar disorder and the command that mania takes over our brains. >> you know better than anybody, i am bigger than god. this stigma i must worry about and would love to see and i have waited really is -- annihilated really is don't be afraid of people battling mental health issues. we are not people. we are not -- evil. we are not broken. just like somebody who may have diabetes, it is part of who they are. it does not find of all they are. this is my brief but spectacular take on d stigmatizing mental illness -- destigmatizing mental illness through poetry. geoff: and you can watch more on our website. baseball's playoffs are underway with a series of wild card games that started today. and once again the houston astros are in the hunt for another world series title.

tonight's frontline, "tros edge," digs deep into the cheating scandal from 2017, an looks at what the league's response to it says ou baseball then and now. you can catch it t on your local pbs station. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm geoff bennett. thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular. this is sam. how may i help you? somebody's pocket, thought i would let you know that with consumer cellular, you get nationwide coverage with no contract. that is kind of our thing. have a nice day. >> actually, you don't need vision to do most things in life. yes, i am legally blind, and yes, i am responsible for the user interface. data visualization. if i can see it and understand it quickly, anyone can.

it's exciting to be part of a team driving the technology forward. i think that is the most rewarding thing. people who know know bdo. ♪ >> carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education and democratic engagement and the advancement of international peace and security at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] >> you are watching pbs.

hello, everyone, and welcome to amanpour & company. here's what's coming up. his history repeating itself between serbia and kosovo? as the white house calls for immediate escalation the serbian president joins me for i