wow, you get to watch all your favorite stuff. it's to die for. now you won't miss a thing. this is the way. the xfinity 10g network. made for streaming. geoff: part two of our interview with lloyd austin about

ukraine's ongoing war. >> make progress and take their sovereign territory back and we will provide them support. >> the little-known tactic use by the food and beverage industry to influence what we eat and drink. >> major funding by pbs news weekend has been provided by. >> this is a pocket dial. with consumer cellular you get nationwide coverage with no contract. have a nice day. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

and friends of the newshour. this program was made possible by the corporation of public broadcasng and the contributions from viewers like you. thank you. >> good. i'm john yang. even before what israel launches a massive assault on gaza, palestinian officials say this week old war is already the deadliest conflict. israel is retaliating against hamas for their brutal assault last week that left more than 1400 israelis dead.

there is a flurry of activity in the region. antony blinken is headed back to israel monday. the state department will evacuate u.s. citizens tomorrow by boat and jake sullivan said president biden will ask congress for a 2 billion-dollar weapons package for israel and ukraine. our special correspondent has a report tonight and we want to warn you, some images may be disturbing. >> in israel, they tanks headed south or preview of what is to come. a punishing assault on the gaza strip. >> it will be a mighty war. deadly. precise. and it will be a war that changes the situation forever. reporter: we have seen a huge mustering of israeli defense forces.

thousands of military vehicles, hundreds of thousands of troops coming in and the mass movement suggests a ground invasion into gaza is imminent. as the war staging wraps up, hamas and is really defense forces continuing to exchange open fire. one mile from gaza, a continued topic -- target by rockets. >> this situation is very dangous here. reporter: is really airstrikes continue to pummel gaza. israel striking more than 100 military targets through the night. with those targets are surrounded by civilians. in gaza city, overwhelmed emergency crews using ice cream trucks to store bodies. the morgues are all full. hospitals are days away from running out of fuel.

doctors have been told to evacuate. one doctor says that would endanger children and babies in their care. >> as you can see, this section is full of newborns. there is no humanity in the world's that can agree to disconnect these babies from this equipment and transfer them. reporter: aid convoys cannot get in and foreigners still cannot get out. the u.s. has been trying to broker a deal. on abc this week, jake sullivan said evacuating american passport holders is a priority. >> it has been difficult because of the ongoing operations and because hamas has intervened in some cases to make it hard for palestinian americans and others to be able to travel to the border crossing and get through. reporter: the u.s. is sending a

second airstrike convoy. on israel's northern border with lebanon, tensions have boiled over. rocket fire from has below and shelling of their own. we have seen this as on multiple fronts. syria also fired into israel today. israel is showing a massive show of support for the war they might have to battle on multiple borders. john: you worked at the border earlier today between israel and gaza. what did you see? reporter: the number of tanks rolling down, being carried, buses full of soldiers. the assembly is quite

incredible. jets, drones, this is a huge operation and they are all getting ready for what they think will be for them a war of existence, as different conflicts are getting involved and the focus is going across the border into gaza. lebanon, syria, there are serious signs that this could turn into a regional conflict and they are showing they are ready. john: thank you very much from tel aviv. please stay safe. another powerful earthquake rocked afghanistan today one week after quakes killed thousands in the same region. this w a 6.3 on the richter scale. it destroyed villages and killed at least four people. global aid groups are warning of a humanitarian crisis because of the earthquakes.

six people were killed in russian attacks and ukraine this weekend. more than 100 russian shells bombarded ukraine. in poland, exit polling projects the nationalist party got more votes than any other party but lost the parliamentary majority it needs to form a government on its own. the liberal opposition coalition supports abortion rights and support for ukraine. today was considered to be the most significant polish election since the nation voted to topple communism in 1989. results are not expected until tuesday. louisiana has elected a new governor. an outspoken conservative backed by trump beat the crowded field and will replace john bel

edwards who could not run for a third term. it will put the governors objects -- office and state legislator in republican hands for the first time in eight years. still to come, a look at the misinformation spread about the food we eat. and the story of a groundbreaking graffiti artist. >> this is pbs news weekend from weta studios in washington. john: u.s. aid to the ukraine has gotten caught up in capitol hill politics. lloyd austin says he intends to support ukraine as best he can. he talked about it when he sat down with nick schifrin in brussels this weekend. tonight, part two of the exclusive interview. >> i spent a week in the front

line toward crimea and they have made a bit of progress but they have notchieved what they described as their own minimal objective. >> this is going to be a tough fight. they are going against a russian adversary that had the time to prepare positions and use extensive minefields. as they work through their way through that complex challenge, it has been a tough slog. it is probably not going as quickly as many people would like to see but i think they are very determined to continue making progress and to take their sovereign territory back from the russians and we are determined to provide them support as long as they are committed to doing that. nick: some officials are

concerned ukraine will not make much progress if at all in the next few weeks or months. do you share that sentiment? >> i think ukraine will continue making progress. talking to their leaders, icy determination and commitment. every month i assemble the ministers of defense of 50 countries and as i continue to do that, icy resolve, commitment, a willingness to support ukraine for as long as it takes. so that energy and commitment are still there and that has to be reassuring. nick: ukrainians have split forc between east and south. so only a portion of the ukrainian soldiers are on the critical front line in the southwest toward crimea.

you may not want to judge them, but is it a mistake? >> you are right, i do not want to judge them but i won't. it is my intent to support them as best we can and i think they are putting support to good use and learning as they go along. it has evolved and will continue to evolve but i have to commend to bravery, the commitment of ukrainian soldiers and all those who support them. they are really resilient. ni: $5.2 billion you can use to send ukraine weapons from u.s. stocks. how long can this last? >> it just depends on what weapon system and capabilities we go after. but i would remind you it is not just us. it is the other countries as well in this case that are providing support to ukraine.

nick: is there a plan b if you cannot get money through congress? >> i will not speculate on plan b. i will say ai engage members of congress in both houses, i see strong support for ukraine. and i would as as i look at the polls, you know, across the country, there is still strong support for ukraine. ukraine matters. it matters not just for ukraine, the defense of ukraine. it matters for the world, because this is about the rules based international order. this is about a dictator in one country choosing to invade his neighbor and we cannot allow that to happen. the international community does not want that for for our future. ukraine matters to the world. nick: it is also about freedom. it's also about the kind of country that ukraine wants to be, not under the yoke of

russia. you say you do not want to talk about plan b, but there are still political probms within congress, even if the majority of lawmakers and americans still want to support ukraine. ukraine has a level of fire right now that is very, very high, 90,000, 100,000 artillery shells a month. does ukraine need to reconsider how it fights if the u.s. cannot sustain the support at the levels it has? >> countries and organizations will adapt to make best use of whatever materials and in weapons systems they have available. and we've watched this fight, transform over time. ukraine has become very capable

in using things that they were not using when we started the fight. i think they will adapt going forward. i think we are seeing that as we speak and it is to be expected. nick: one last question. is it's future in nato -- is ukraine future in nato? >> you have heard the secretary-general say that it was, you have heard a number of countries all of the countries that are in nato say they think so. they are the ones who will determine that. john: news about food safety can be hard to keep straight. aspartame was headline news this summer when the world health organization said it could possibly cause cancer in humans, although the fda disagrees. pushback quickly popped up on

social media but the posts did not make clear that they were being paid by the american beverage association, a lobbying group that contains coca-cola and pepsi. this is just one instance uncovered by the washington post and the examination. washington post health columnist worked on the investigation. tell us the scope of what you found and how widespread is this. >> we analyzed thousands of posts on social media ande found it is common for dietitians to post ads on behalf of food and beverage companies and dietary supplement companies and we were quite surprised to see dietitians encouraging people to eat ice cream and candy a junk food and dietary

supplements and advice that runs counter to decades of research. john: the food and beverage industry has been trying to influence what people eat for a long time. how is this different? >> the food industry is really turning to social media because it is an effective way of getting their message across to consumers. there are many influential dietitians who have large followings. people are very trusting of them. we found that the food industry oftentimes will pay dietitians to promote industry friendly messages and promote their products and, you know, promote

this advice to eat food that is pretty surprising. john: does the professional organizations of dietitians, do they have anything to say about this? >> the academy has a code of ethics that says that dietitians should always disclose conflicts of interest and that they should refrain from accepting gifts or partnerships that can influence their professional judgment. but so far, to our knowledge, the academy has not penalized any dietitians for this sort of activity on these social media sites. john: and what does the food and beverage industry say? how do they justify this? >> they say they pay these dietitians because they are credentialed experts and that in many cases they disclose that they're engaged in paid partnerships. but oftentimes what we found is that it's very difficult for consumers to know when the videos they're watching posted by these particular dietitians

are ads, because they may say, you know, "paid partnership" down at the bottom of the video and, you know, very small letters or it may say #ads somewhere buried in the caption. but in the video itself there are no audible disclosures and they may not say the specific company or industry that is paying them. so on these posts where dietitians were paid by the american beverage group to promote and defend artificial sweeteners. often times they did not say that specifically that they were paid by this industry trade and lobbying group. john: the federal trade commission polices false claims on on labels, on in ads and so forth. do they have any power over this? >> experts we talked to said that this social media landscape is really the wi west. there are countless influencers who are posting thousands, if not millions of videos a day.

and the ftc does try to regulate and monitor. it definitely requires influencers to disclose when they're being paid to promote products, but it's very difficult for them to regulate and monitor the activity. they occasionally bring cases but it is few and far between. john: what prompted you to look into this? >> the academy of nutrition and dietetics, which is the group that oversees dietitians, they've been criticiz for years for their ties to big food companies like nestle and coca-cola, pepsi, hershey. they've taken millions of dollars in donations from these companies, and they've even allowed food comnies to provide continuing education courses to their dieticians, which they've had faced a lot of criticism for. but we wanted to look at the very influential dietitians on social media with large followings to see, you know, is the advice that they're giving people influenced at all by the food industry? we were very surprised. we found dozens of these posts, these paid advertisements, essentially thinly veiled advertisements. we found 35 videos in which dietitians and health influencers were paid by the soda industry to defend aspartame and other artificial sweeteners and criticize the world health organization for

its recommendations. john: you say it is hard to tell these things, that they are ads. what should people look for? >> consumers have to be very skeptical. if you see a dietitian or someone else promoting advice that sounds dubious or questionable, wonder or check. is this essentially a thinly veiled add? is this person being paid to push an industry friendly message to me? john: anahad o'connor, a health columnist for the washington post. thank you very much. >> thank you. john: on this last weekend of hispanic heritage much the story

of a graffiti artist who has helped bring the medium into the mainstream and along the way give voice to latino artists. it is part of our series, hidden histories. these days, the works of lady pink are in the collections of big new york art museums like the whitney and the metropolitan. the most influential female artists in the field, she passes her knowledge, skill and passion

on to a new generation, teaching mural painting at new york's frank sinatra school of the arts. but new york subway cars were her first canvas. >> graffiti is more than just a style, it's a culture. it's an entire culture. it's an underground culture, there's thousands and thousands of kids. everyone knows each other, it's like family, and the way you dress the way you talk, the way you act, the way you write, it's all graffiti. john: born in ecuador in 1964 to a seamstress and an architect, she always had artistic aspirations. when she was seven, her family moved to queens. as a teenager, she began 'writing', as spray-painting graffiti is called. she tagged her work "lady pink" because she was thought to be the city's only female graffiti artist at the time and because, she said, she loved victorian romances. graffiti artists competed to leave their work in the most dangerous and inaccessible places, a subway train was the ultimate. she said she loved the thrill but worried about arrest, something she depicted in a 1981 painting. >> it's called 'manic depression' and it's my vision of what would have happened to me if i had been arrested as a teenager for writing graffiti. i'd get thrown in jail with other real criminals. we didn't consider ourselves hardcore criminals, you know, in any way. we were just playing around but

. but the reality is that people get hurt, they get arrested. your lives are ruined. john: as the mainstream art world became more interested in graffiti, her work moved from subway cars to galleries in new york and paris. she was commissioned to create murals around the world, ukraine, sweden, and her native ecuador. her recognition grew even more when in she starred in the 1982 independent film 'wild style', a love letter to graffiti artists that's regarded as the first hip-hop movie. her art is praised for its latina and feminist style, and for tackling issues of social justice, becoming tools for activism and change. today, lady pink remains one of the most influential in the field. on instagram, you can see this story full of stunning images of yesterday's solar eclipse. that can be found on instagram.com/newshour. finally tonight, some incredible

images of the universe from the hubble space telescope. they reveal new details from galaxies far, far away. this is one of only five galaxies of its kind. it emits strong radio waves and researchers hope images like this will help them figure out why. ever want to see where stars are born? that is exactly with the bright pink spots are. the blue regions are neighborhoods of young stars and the dark red, cloudy streaks are the main ingredient, cold molecular gas. and at the center of this galaxy lies a supermassive black hole, like the one in our milky way. astronomers also discovered in this galaxy 6 supernovas -- violent explosions of massive stars. they're actually the source of many elements in the universe, including the iron in our blood. and we leave you with a some more hubble images to ponder, as we say good night. for all of my colleagues, thanks

for joining us. have a good week. >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> i thought i would let you know with consumer cellular you get nationwide coverage with no contract. it is kind of our thing. have a nice day. ♪ >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪

announcer: this program wawas made possible by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. amna nawaz: october 7th, a day now seared into the memories of israelis and palestinians. by air, land, and sea, a surprise terrorist attack, a swift israeli declaration of war, and a relentless campaign.