amna: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. geoff: and i'm geoff bennett. on the "newshour" tonight, israeli forces push deeper into gaza as airstrikes threaten hospitals where tens of thousands of palestinian civilians shelter alongside the wounded. amna: the war between hamas and

israel leads to more displays of anti-semitism. from a mob at a russian airport to threats on college campuses in the u.s. geoff: and, patients and families search for answers amid a prolonged nationwide shortage of adhd medicine. >> these are low-cost drugs. and so when a drug company has a shortage, it doesn't really hurt their bottom line. and so, there's not a tremendous amount of incentive to fix the problem. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour, including leonard and norma. ♪ >> actually, you don't need

vision to do most things in life. yes, i'm legally blind, and yes, i am responsible for the user interface. data visualization. if i can see it and understand it quickly, anyone can. it's exciting to be part of a team driving the technology forward. i think that is the most rewarding thing. >> people who know, know bdo. >> the william and flora hewitt foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions that promote a better world. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. amna: welcome to the "newshour." we are entering the fourth week of war between israel and hamas in gaza, as israel's air campaign continues and the death geoff: israel is now fighting hamas on the ground in gaza, its troops moving methodically in the northern end of the strip. while in the south, more than a million gazans await aid. leila molana-allen again begins our coverage. leila: for the fourth day straight, tanks and armored vehicles rolled into gaza, as part of israel's growing ground

offensive. at his first press conference since the october 7 terror attacks, prime minister benjamin netanyahu reiterated that israel will not consider a ceasefire. >> calls for a ceasefire are calls for israel to surrender to terrorism, to surrender to barbarism. that will not happen. leila: and israel's longest serving premier said he will not resign, despite growing anger at his government among israelis. >> the only thing i intend to have resigned is hamas. we're going to resign them to the dustbin of history. that's my goal. leila: a goal apparent over gaza city today. its skyline still filled with explosions, including in areas near the city's largest hospitals. the palestinian red crescent yesterday released video from inside al-quds hospital after a nearby israeli rocket attack. areas near al-shifa hospital have also been hit in recent israeli airstrikes. israel says hamas hides one of its main military command

centers beneath the hospital. but, al-shifa is also home to 50,000 displaced palestinians. nearby streets are becoming tent cities, with their own food and clothes stalls. >> the israelis say that they will hit al-shifa. the threats do not frighten us. let them launch airstrikes as much as they want, we are all martyrs in the end. leila: the conflict has already exacted an excruciating toll on civilians with thousands dead, even the most vulnerable. so far, more than 3000 children have been killed, according to save the children. that's more than the total number of children killed annually in conflict zones since 2019. south of the city, israeli tanks today temporarily blocked salah al-din, gaza's main north-south highway. a local journalist recorded this video as a tank appeared to open fire on a civilian car, killing three people.

palestinian residents say the route was blocked for over an hour, complicating gazan's already-fraught efforts to move south. "newshour" producer shams odeh was there. >> the israelis asked all the people few days ago to leave gaza to the south. now, the israeli army cut the way at all between the north and the south. any car crossing now to gaza, they attack and target the car. leila: but gazans who escaped to the south from israel's military campaign in the north found no protection there. this school in the town of al-mughraqa used to be a safe haven, now shattered after a nearby bombing. the youngest ones left with whatever they could carry, as crowds crammed into one truck preparing to flee without anywhere to go. >> there are almost 2000 of us here. we've been here for two days

with missiles thrown over our heads. we are evacuating again, we don't know where to go. leila: in israel, artillery positions and military encampments roll out along the gaza border. the idf has confirmed that its troops are now on the ground fighting inside gaza. we can hear small arms fire, the sound of constant airstrikes landing. behind me, smoke rising from towns in the northern part of the strip as the air force continues its unrelenting bombardment. today, israel said it killed four members of hamas and israeli forces are expanding their military campaign, gradually building up forces to eliminate pockets resistance and destroy enemy infrastructure. this soldier is part of an idf team that has been searching the border area for hamas explosives and booby-traps to clear the way as ground forces move in. as the operation expands, their task will only get more complicated. >> one of the biggest threats is

explosive ordinance set there to harm our teams moving forward so that could be in open terrain, it could be in built terrain, in t could be in underground terrain. leila: three weeks later, bomb squads are also still working on safely detonating and removing thousands of potentially live explosives left over after the brutal hamas attacks on farming villages and at a music festival where nearly 300 young people were killed and dozens kidnapped. >> we found an enormous amount of explosives. leila: meirav leshem-gonen's 23-year-old daughter romi was at that party. as rockets began to rain in from gaza that morning, romi stayed on the phone with her mom for hours, desperately trying to escape the terrorists who had invaded the festival site. the friend trying to drive them home was killed, then her best friend was shot dead next to her. >> at 10:14, i got the most

horrifying phone call i could get. she was calling me and crying, mummy, i was shot, i'm bleeding. i'm afraid i'm going to die. leila: since october 7, they've heard nothing. but meirav and her four other kids are working night and day to find romi and bring her home. like many families of the hostages, she's angry and terrified that the government and army have launched a war on gaza by air and land while their loved ones are still trapped inside. >> it's frightening. just to think they're widening the maneuver and my daughter is there, not just my daughter, but babies, small kids. leila: one hostage was freed today during the ground invasion. israeli soldier ori megidish has been reunited with her family. more releases are expected as the ground mission continues. meanwhile, israeli security forces are cracking down throughout the west bank. israel defense forces released video of an overnight raid in the northern city of jenin.

four palestinians were killed and many more injured. and violence against israelis is also spreading. in east jerusalem, israeli police said an officer was stabbed by a palestinian. and even far from the frontlines, in the dagestan region of russia, a mob stormed an airport after a flight from israel landed in the mostly-muslim region on sunday mostly-muslim region on sunday night. hundreds pushed their way into the airport searching for jews, in a sinister echo of pogroms past. and harassment and violence are increasing against both jews and muslims everywhere as the world watches this escalating war. geoff. geoff: leila, you've spent the days reporting along the border with gaza. what more can you tell us about how the ground raids are playing out? leila: that is since friday

night when they announced they were increasing the ground operation. what is happening from the air, we can all see. the unrelenting airstrikes. i have been down on the border. the sound every half minute of something being sent there, either artillery fire or an airstrike and then smoke rising from the buildings. in terms of what's happening with the ground forces, it was difficult to get information at the beginning. we are hearing that at the beginning of the weekend, they were focusing on this northeastern corner of gaza, trying to move past there. they were hand to hand fights with terrorists there and then they have reached gaza city. now, i was speaking to a couple of soldiers who had just come back over the border from fighting in gaza. they were saying they are incredibly worried about two things. first, these tunnels, hundreds of miles of tunnels that hamas

are using. they often come out from behind an attack and move into this densely packed environment in gaza. it is urban warfare. they are facing multiple threats. they've had their first few casualties yesterday and today. geoff: the prime minister held a press conference today. he was asked if he would step down by reporter and refused to do so. give us a sense of the public opinion and how that might affect his political standing. leila: there were three issues. the first is people in the country so incredibly angry that mr. security, as he was known, could have allowed this to happen in the first place. at the end of last year with this election, he made a deal with some very right-wing elements of the former government and many people feel that split in society is what distracted the security forces and the government from this threat. thirdly, families of these hostages are absolutely furious that these ground raids are

happening, these huge aaron salter happening while their families are still inside -- airstrikes are happening while their families are still inside gaza. we suspect that he hopes if he wins this war, all of it will be forgotten and he will be the hero of israel. geoff: leila, thank you. as we reported, israel is now advancing in the gaza strip, but should it pursue more limited goals that avoid causing even more civilian casualties? nick schifrin picks up our coverage from here. nick: geoff, a u.s. official tells me that israel's ground invasion plans "changed" to use more "methodical" tactics, compared to original plans. president biden and u.s. military officials with experience fighting in urban environments, such as mosul against isis, have been urging israel to think through the consequences of their actions, not only on gazans, but also on efforts to release 230 hostages, deliver humanitarian aid, and to prevent regional war. as of now, we have seen relatively limited israeli ground incursions into gaza in

at least three places -- the northwest and northeast corners, and central gaza. but israel's air campaign has been relentless, turning parts of northern gaza into moonscapes. for more on this, we get two perspectives. retired major general yaakov amidror was national security advisor to israeli prime minister netanyahu after a 36-year career in the israeli defense force, and is now distinguished fellow at the jewish institute for national security of america. and frederic wehrey had a 20-year career in the u.s. air force focused on the middle east. he's now senior fellow at the carnegie endowment for international peace. thank you very much to both of you. welcome to pbs newshour. yaakov, let me start with you. do you see different tactics in israel's ground invasion so far in these early days than what israel indicated what they might be, but also different tactics that israel has used in the past? yaakov: the tactics they are using now are the tactics that have been learned for many years.

i'm sure america has more experience in urban areas. going immediately into the center of gaza. there are more forces around it that go in. we are using the superiority in firepower to do it slowly. we know to stop, to use the air force, artillery and other tools we have. in a way, we have time. using it for minimizing the number of casualties on our side and reduce the number of civilians that might be killed if you might rush in with huge forces. nick: frederic, is that what you see, a slow operation from the idf to avoid israeli casualties but also civilian casualties on

the ground? frederic: it certainly seems to be deliberate and gradual from the israeli perspective. they are avoiding committing all their forces at once. they have to prepare the battlefield in terms of gathering intelligence. they are concerned about the difficulty of this urban environment. we have to talk about the tunnel infrastructure. hamas is deeply entrenched underground and that is a very difficult environment. they are also concerned about scaling this operation to avoid giving hezbollah and iran a pretext to escalate. again, as you mentioned, the airstrikes have been anything but gradualist. they have been devastating, relentless, and civilians have paid a huge toll for this indiscriminate bombing. i will just add, the gradual squeezing, what we are talking about is a siege, really. nick: my colleague asked the

minister for strategic affairs about this very topic, about israeli military options in gaza. >> israel had to come up with a battle plan in a very short amount of time. so in the process that we're coming up with our battle plan, we're also having american input into it. so, they've been part of that process. we're in the theater now, we have many, many fewer civilians there, and that's enabled us to minimize civilian casualties and focus on killing the terrorists, which we are doing. nick: yaakov, is that what you see, there was no battle plan for invading gaza and israel is trying to reduce civilian casualties by moving that population south? yaakov: we are asking the population of north gaza to move to the south which was designated a safe haven. the majority of the population moved to this area. hamas is doing everything to stop the people from being evacuated themselves. and hamas is doing everything to

maximize the number of civilians that will be killed on the palestinian side because it allows to apply to the international community, saying the civilians are suffering from the israeli attack. we never had in mind a need -- we understood we had to deal with hamas. only after october 7 that we understood that the organization, we decided this separation unlike the other operations in the gaza strip will be one that we will go after hamas and destruct it inside gaza. for that, you have to provide the vast majority of the gaza strip to destroy hamas completely. it will not exist anymore, not in gaza and not anywhere else. we will do whatever is needed for that.

nick: you hear the goals there. israeli officials have been very clear, eliminate hamas' ability to launch any military operation, but eliminate their political ability to run gaza. do you think israel can accomplish those goals? frederic: no, to put it bluntly. this is the stated objective. it is emotionally satisfying. we have to recall the tenor of the moment. there's a desire for revenge. there's obviously political considerations for the israeli prime minister to do something for his own political survival, but you are talking about eradicating a deeply entrenched movement, a social entity, an entity that has its grip over gaza. so, i think the end state will not be the complete elimination, but some variation of this where israel can claim a modicum of success. i do want to emphasize that the real center of gravity for this threat to israel is not hamas

per se, it is not hamas' infrastructure, support from iran, the tunnels. it is really the problems of gaza, the occupation. that will not be resolved militarily. nick: yaakov, do you think this can be resolved militarily? respond to what he just said. yaakov: i don't agree about the facts and consequences. gaza is not under occupation and i don't agree about the consequences. we will kill the majority of the commanders, if not all of them. we will destroy all the facilities which belongs to hama s, of course. hamas is an organization. schools might remain in gaza, but no ability to attack israel. none of its military capability

will be revived after the operation, after the war in gaza because we will not let it happen. nick: given that the termination used heard from israel, what are the consequences for how long this war might last and how difficult it might be? frederic: israeli officials recently said this could be a year-long campaign or something much longer if it proceeds in the way it has been described by your guest. you're looking at regime change and occupation, and history shows that does not work out well. once organizations are decimated, something emerges to take their place. so, we are talking about a massive problem. i think it is very easy to focus on the infrastructure, to talk about reducing capabilities, but it is quite another to talk about replacing an entire governance structure in this

tremendously problematic area that has been a wellspring for grievances and radicalization. nick: thank you very much to you both. >> thank you very much for the opportunity. ♪ amna: in the day's other headlines, illinois landlord joseph czuba pleaded not guilty to murder and hate crime charges in a court in joliet. he's accused of fatally stabbing his tenant, a six-year-old palestinian-american boy named wadea al-fayoume, and seriously injuring the boy's mother earlier this month. authorities say czuba targeted them because of their muslim faith in the wake of the israel-hamas war. general motors has reached a tentative deal with the united auto workers union just days after ford and stellantis did the same.

the agreement should bring an end to the six-week strike. all three automakers settled on four-year contracts with 25% wage increases and cost-of-living adjustments, but the deals still must be ratified by uaw members. businesses and schools in lewiston, maine began gradually reopening today. it's been five days since 18 people were killed in the deadliest mass shooting in the state's history. more than 1000 people gathered for a town vigil last night to remember the victims. mourners held candles as religious leaders spoke of the community's pain and healing. >> what has happened here may shape our growth. and we will not be defined by the tragedies that have happened here. fear, anxiety, and trepidation will not dictate our present or our future. amna: the suspected gunman was found dead on friday of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

investigators are still searching for a motive. soccer's governing body of fifa is banning luis rubiales, the former president of the spanish soccer federation, from all soccer activities for three years. rubiales forcibly kissed a player on the lips during the women's world cup trophy ceremony in august. the scandal exposed a pattern of rampant sexism in women's soccer. rubiales also faces a criminal investigation for sexual assault. the fda sounded a warning today that certain wana-bana pureed fruit pouches contain dangerously high levels of lead. the apple cinnamon pouches were linked to four lead poisoning cases involving children in north carolina, prompting a nationwide recall. lead is toxic and can damage a child's brain and nervous system and can also slow their development. and, stocks rallied on wall street today. the dow jones industrial average surged 511 points to close at 32,929.

the nasdaq rose 146 points. and the s&p 500 added 49. still to come on the "newshour," president biden issues executive orders to manage the risks of artificial intelligence. a prolonged shortage of adhd medicine puts a strain on patients and families. and tamara keith and amy walter analyze the latest shakeups among presidential contenders. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: the mob surging through an airport in russia this weekend searching for jewish passengers on a flight from israel is the latest example of rising anti-semitism globally. and here in the u.s., fears are also rising among jewish americans as reports of anti-semitic incidents have increased since the start of the israel-hamas war. in response, the white house is unveiling new plans to combat

antisemitic attacks at schools and college campuses. white house correspondent laura barron-lopez joins us now. good to see you. we have reported anti-semitism has been on the rise even before the october 7 hamas attack that killed 1400 israelis. reports have been increasing. you talk to some experts about it. where are we seeing this? laura: to start off, the fbi released its annual hate crime statistics earlier this month and it showed between 2021 and 2022, anti-semitic hate crimes rose 36% and antisemitism accounted for over half of all reported religious-based hate crimes but in recent days, since the start of the israel-hamas war, there have been multiple incidents that anti-hate groups are very concerned about. namely this past weekend at cornell, outside of the center for jewish living, because of

posts online that threatened jewish students, specifically saying they should be shot. calling jewish students pigs. the threats were referred to the fbi and condemned by cornell's president. and george washington university salsa broadcasting of anti-semitic statements from the river to the sea on the side of buildings. most recently in new york, police are investigating swastika graffiti. amna: the white house is unveiled a new plan that they say will combat this rise of anti-semitic incidents we are seeing. laura: white house officials say this is in response to an alarming rise of anti-semitic incidents across campuses. what this action does is it directs the justice department and the dhs to partner with campus law enforcement to work with them, help track hate-related rhetoric across campuses. dhs, homeland security, cybersecurity experts

specifically will be helping schools monitor and increase not just the rhetoric, but potential threats. anddministration officials are meeting with jewish-american groups today and jewish students later this week. we should note that these tools can also be used for other hate rhetoric we are seeing, including against arabs and muslims. amna: the adl has been tracking this for years. also liaising with jewish communities in america and abroad. we spoke to some folks from the adl. what did they tell you about what they are seeing? laura: i spoke to the vice president for adl's center on extremism. he gave us an update on the number of anti-semitic incidents that are being reported. >> we've been tracking a nearly 400% increase in anti-semitic incidents being reported to us. that's vandalism, harassment, and assault. and that's in comparison to the same time frame the previous year. the jewish community feels

vulnerable right now. laura: that same sentiment is something that the ceo of the national council of -- of jewish women reiterated to me. she said when she said when she posted on x, also known as twitter, that jews are not feeling safe right now that she was met with vitriol. that she received threats of assault and rape directed at her. she met with the single gentleman -- the second gentleman today as well as the secretary of education cardona. she told them that she feels as though they are witnessing the normalization of antisemitism. she said everyone at the meeting, including administration officials, felt as though what we are seeing right now is something that has never been seen before in terms of anti-semitism in the u.s. amna: i want to underscore the message that was projected at george washington university. this chant we have seen resurface at some protests, "from the river to the sea."

that is essentially calling for the eradication of israel. what are the experts telling you about seeing that in public? laura: some of them say that this is people taking advantage of the middle east conflict to spread anti-semitism, but they also attribute this to a lack of education. >> what really troubles me, and i spend a lot of time in dark spaces, is when people don't even recognize what anti-semitism is. when they don't even understand or recognize how one is supporting a violent terrorist organization. to me, that's why it's critical to have education, because clearly what we're seeing on college campuses is telling us that's needed. laura: i also spoke to a research analyst of the southern poverty law center and he said that he's tracking a sharp increase in antisemitism incidents. he says seeing swastikas is

something that is common, but the difference is we are seeing more and more swatting against the synagogues and other jewish institutions. swatting is bomb threats being called into these institutions. he also gave this very striking example where he said he taught history for years at universities and he also said that a lack of knowledge about the holocaust is what he thinks contributes to antisemitism. that when he would ask students whether or not they had ever heard of auschwitz, which is one of the largest extermination concentration camps during the holocaust, and only a handful would raise their hands. this is something we will continue tracking, but again, he contributed to a failure in the education system and not necessarily to the student specifically. amna: laura, thank you for your reporting.

♪ geoff: president joe biden today signed the government's first executive order to establish new standards and rules for the use of artificial intelligence. it's a wide-ranging set of rules and recommendations to address concerns about national security, privacy, equity and the labor market. some of the key components include creating new safety and security standards for ai. requiring testing and assurances that ai cannot be used to produce biological or nuclear weapons. protecting consumer privacy by developing guidelines for federal agencies. and advancing equity and civil rights to prevent algorithmic discrimination. to take a closer look at these changes, we're joined by nicol turner lee, director of the center for technology innovation at the brookings institution. thank you for being with us. nicol: thanks for having me. geoff: this executive order requires developers that they put their ai models through

testing and submit those test results to the federal government. how much of a difference will that make given that this only applies to future technology and was already on the market is already extraordinarily powerful? nicol: the technologies that have already been deployed are the ones we are concerned about. future proofing emerging technologies will be important, with a rigorous testing and the impact assessments and the red teaming that the white house wants us to undergo may be something that may put us behind on some of the outcomes we are currently experiencing with the existing technologies today. geoff: the order also requires the most advanced artificial intelligence products be tested to ensure they cannot be used in the development of biological weapons or nuclear weapons. help us understand what the government is concerned about in terms of the range of threats. nicol: we have often talked about this race to ai and i think this is becoming true more and more, particularly as we see

developments across the world where we are seeing technological advancements being integrated into military stances. what that means is in the u.s., we have to get a handle on this. that means ensuring that our allies as well as our competitors are not developing weapons or tools that embed ai in ways we cannot actually fight. it's really important that people see this ai order as one that involves the general public, but most importantly, it is about protecting our borders and ensuring we are not allowing in what could potentially become tools that are relying upon technological vulnerabilities to succeed in acts of war. geoff: in his remarks before signing the executive order, the president spoke about ai's ability to create convincing disinformation. >> ai fraudsters can take three seconds -- and you all know this -- three-second recording of your voice. i have watched one of me a couple times.

i said, when the hell did i say that? [laughter] but all kidding aside, three seconds recording your voice can generate an impersonation. everyone has a right to know when audio they're hearing or video they're watching is generated or altered by ai. geoff: what the president is talking about, those are known as deepfakes. this executive voter calls for the department of commerce to come up with standards for watermarking ai generated content so everyone knows it was created by artificial intelligence. it is one thing for the commerce department to recommend standards. it is quite another thing for the federal government to enforce those standards. how would that work or is there any provision for enforcement? nicol: the challenge right now in the executive order is it is a nonbinding agreement. the hope is that congress will see the equal importance of this type of intervention in ways they watio in light of a presidential election coming up and the possibility of manipulation when it comes to face, voice and

other features, the convincing nature of technology, particularly with generative ai, it calls upon this action. the president may joke about somebody impersonating him. there's a lot of us that could be impersonated and that could have very detrimental results, particularly as we head into the election. geoff: we know that artificial intelligence can absorb human biases in the training data, and the executive order directs federal agencies to use their existing authority to prevent discrimination in areas like housing, education and employment. how so? nicol: one of the things we don't realize as users of the internet is these technologies treat us as products. we are the commodities. we are the subject as to why these technologies work so well. that means that the data it is constantly scraping is not only the data that along stew west individually -- belongs to us individually and it is data within the period it is generated.

it shows up along racial lines, gender lines. it shows up in terms of distinguishing our sexual orientation. the bottom line is this data is coming from somewhere and it's coming from our community as well as our person. it is really important for the many years we have fought for civil-rights laws and human rights that we not allow technologies to come in and change the nature of that. geoff: how do the recommendations and requirements in the executive order, how do they square with ai standards across the rest of the world? nicol: compared to the european union, for example, they have very prescriptive regulation. not just values and norms. they have those, but they've actually taken the time to come up with things like a national data privacy standard to think about ai use and high risk categories like credit or housing, education and employment. i'm excited the u.s. has finally gotten into this game and got to the party. we are a little late, but it

does mean we are paying attention to the eu and other places that have put in place ai regulation. this right here is not regulation. this is something that will definitely be the will of congress to get things done. geoff: nicol turner lee is director of the center for technology innovation at the brookings institution. thank you for your time. nicol: thank you for having me. ♪ amna: since the pandemic eased, millions of americans have had to deal with a number of drug shortages. for those with adhd, it's been an especially difficult year as they and their families have struggled to get through ordinary daily routines. stephanie sy has the story. >> thank you for calling your pharmacy. stephanie: every month, brett

calls all the pharmacies near his conroe, texas home. searching for the medication both he and his 15-year-old rely on to treat their adhd. >> it is in back order. stephanie: he has been scrambling for months. >> one pharmacy actually scoffed when i asked, as if i asked an absurd question. stephanie: that is because for over a year now, there has been a nationwide shortage of medications like adderall and ritalin which treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. >> initially, it was a labor issue. you would expect that would resolve pretty quickly. stephanie: since then, there have been few answers, says the university of outah's erin fox. >> the details around drug manufacturing including the country it was made in and how much product they are making, all of that is allowed to be a trade secret. stephanie: stimulant medications are controlled substances and

tightly regulated because of their high potential for abuse. the drug enforcement administration says limits -- sets limits for how much the industry can make, but in a public letter, the dea and food and drug administration called on manufacturers to increase production, saying they were not making as much as they could. >> because we don't have visibility into how much raw material that dea gives each company and we don't have visibility into the amount each company is making, it is very hard to figure out. stephanie: what is clear, demand for stimulants is up. during the pandemic, the percentage of people who had a prescription filled rose by more than 10%, among some adults and teens. and manufacturers have not kept up. >> i stopped taking my medicine entirely. stephanie: when brett hale could not find medicine, he decided to save what medication he had at home for his non-binary child,

jett. >> since we are on the same medication, the same dosage, i could use my reserves and they were able to go to school medicated because of that. otherwise, they wouldn't have enough pills to keep going. >> if i didn't have dedication, i probably went up able to pass my classes. stephanie: he cannot stay on task without medication. >> i want to be able to focus on what the teachers are saying. i wouldn't be learning any of it. stephanie: dad is best without his medicine but was easily distracted. >> when i am driving down the road, i tend to drift. i then physically drift into the lane next to me. only a couple feet from the car in that lane. or i will look up and the brake lights are on the car in front of me and i have to slam on the brakes. stephanie: weekends can be tough when jett foregoes their medicine. >> it feels hard to move and

stuff like that. >> jett is much more irritable. one of their main responsibilities is just emptying the dishwasher. that is a small task that does not require a lot of energy, but it feels monumental to them when they don't have their medicine. stephanie: about 10% of kids and teens have adhd. 62% of them take medication for it. >> what the medicine does, it increases the dopamine availability in parts of the brain that are in charge of focusing and completing tasks. stephanie: he directly adhd outpatient program at ut hea lth houston. >> they also impact the dopamine in parts of the brain that are in charge of stopping you before you act. so, impulsivity. >> i need my adderall. it is a necessity in order to get through day to day tasks. stephanie: 19-year-old mara has

been taking adhd medication since she was eight. >> i was always fidgeting and that annoyed a lot of people. they viewed me as some hyper kid who was really weird. stephanie: she has managed her symptoms with medication, but in the last year, she has gone up to two weeks without it. >> there's a lot of stress and frustration, and i felt like i couldn't go about my day to day activities or behave how i prefer to behave. >> the thing that affects her the most is the emotional regulation. stephanie: erin is her mother. >> when she gets frustrated, she shuts down so we are at a standstill and cannot get homework done, we cannot get ready on time. when she has not been able to take her medication, how do you see that impacting the family as a whole? >> anyone who's having emotional problems affects the family dynamic. there were times when we just

need to shut everything down and just talk through the situation and kind of take some deep breaths and reset. stephanie: i can see the fact you got emotional, and has been a tough year with the shortage. >> yeah, i think adhd is a tough condition to deal with even on medications, with therapy, with psychiatric help. with accommodations. stephanie: without medication, it is that much harder. mara started college this fall and hopes the monthly hunt for her prescription will get easier. >> i used to have a list of probably about 20 different pharmacies that we would have to call around to. stephanie: when patients have to try multiple pharmacies, that means doctors are scrambling too. >> when i write a prescription

and is not available in this particular pharmacy, they cannot just transfer the prescription. i have to write a new prescription and sent it to the second pharmacy. if the second pharmacy runs out, i have to rewrite the prescription and send it to the third pharmacy. it is a lot of hours that i waste writing prescriptions. stephanie: at the start of his day, he already had a backlog. >> i have like five prescription requests from the pharmacy. eight patient calls. then, another five patient calls requesting renewal of medications. stephanie: because the medications are controlled substances, distributors placed strict limits on supplies to pharmacies, making them even more difficult to keep in stock. >> there are restrictions related to the opioid settlements that don't let the pharmacies buy as much as they need to fill the prescriptions that they have. i really feel like the pendulum has swung very far to really

limit access even if you have legitimate prescriptions. stephanie: mara says some pharmacists have questioned if she has a real need for the prescription. >> one of the things that has hurt me the most is the amount of people who kind of made me feel like i am an addict, and a lot of pharmacists are really distrustful of that even though i have been on adhd medications for the vast majority of my life. stephanie: moody nose people who have even turned to the black market when they cannot fill their prescription. >> i have definitely had friends who have chosen to buy street adderall just to get through the days. stephanie: you have friends that have adhd that because of the shortage have had to do that? >> yeah. and not only is that incredibly unfortunate and messed up, but it's dangerous. stephanie: as mara and millions of others with adhd across the country continue to struggle, fox says the economics of these medications means there's no quick end in sight. >> these are low-cost drugs, so

when a drug company has a shortage, it is not really hurt their bottom line, so there's not a tremendous amount of incentive to fix the problem. >> thank you for calling cvs pharmacy. stephanie: so, brett will likely be calling pharmacies for the foreseeable future. >> hi, i am looking for -- stephanie: for the pbs newshour, i'm stephanie sy. ♪ geoff: the 2024 presidential field is continuing to take shape. former vice president mike pence exits the republican race, and president biden gets a new democratic challenger. time for a check in with our politics monday team. that's amy walter of "the cook political report with amy walter" and tamara keith of npr. it is great to see you both. mike pence is out of the race. he staked his entire campaign on

iowa, making overtures to white evangelicals but he was never able to gain any traction. you could argue his departure has not really changed the contours of the race, but what does it signal? amy: it shows there just is not much appetite in the republican electorate for an anti-trump candidate, or someone that openly criticizes donald trump, especially when that person also happened to be in the administration as the vice president. it also goes to what we know about campaigns since the beginning of time. when you run out of money, there's not much more you can do. some of these candidates are having trouble raising money, but they have a super pac that has an ability to spend -- they can raise it in different ways and spend it in different ways. pence didn't have that same level of super pac support and his own personal fundraising was problematic. so, the other thing it means is

when we look to the debate stage in a week, yes, the third republican debate that will also not feature donald trump once again, there's one less voice on the stage willing to criticize donald trump. geoff: meantime, nikki haley, the former u.s. ambassador, has ascended according to the latest poll out today. she has risen to a tie with ron desantis, 16 percentage points. what the poll does not show is she's up 10 percentage points since august and desantis is down three, so she has the momentum. tamara: this is her moment. she is a former ambassador to the u.n. she someone who's very comfortable talking about foreign policy. with what's happened in israel, that has given her an opportunity to really make a distinction between herself and some of the other republican candidates. i will say that ron desantis super pac which is basically his

campaign has been attacking her and adds, saying she is too close to china and attacking her on her foreign policy positions. she stands out in this field as someone who is a more traditional conservative republican, more traditional defense hawk type of republican. certainly in contrast to someone like president trump. she is sort of getting all of the anti-trump people who are concerned about the u.s. continuing to be a leader in the world because trump has questioned the need for nato, has praised putin, hezbollah, etc. amy: that is fundamentally the challenge for nikki haley getting much farther. she's picking up those voters who already are very committed to a non-trump choice. sometimes they are called never trumpers or folks that maybe did vote for him in the past but don't want to again. she's consolidating that group

of voters, but that is still not enough. you need to be able to win over the voters who say i like donald trump, i support donald trump, but i am open to an alternative and that is what that poll finds. even if ron desantis dropped out today, a good 40% of his voters said they would support donald trump. so, he is able to move into those voters. looking for an alternative but not someone who is as critical of donald trump, they still like donald trump. it is this needle that she has to threat is very challenging. geoff: let's talk about the democrats, namely president biden. he drea primary challenger this past week from congressma dean phillips. you could argue that dean phillips candidacy does not pose much of a threat to joe biden right now, but it does symbolically. dean phillips being in this race

raises more questions about joe biden's age and all of those things the campaign would rather not talk about. tamara: dean phillips is in fact raising all those questions and is in a way in this race as a vessel for concerns of democrats about president biden's age. he gives them, democratic voters, a place to go. the way the democratic party and the campaign are dealing with it are, for instance, he's staking a lot of his campaign on running in new hampshire, which is a state that has been basically punished by the democratic national committee because it kept its primary early. what this means is he is taking a bunch of his campaign on a state where he cannot win any delegates and where he could actually be punished by the party for running in that state. what that would do is create headlines, of course. after the first sentence, he would have the second one which would potentially say he won a state where joe biden was not on

the ballot and he will get no delegates. geoff: the u.s. approach, the administration's approach to israel as a point of contention among some democrats, both in terms of policy and in terms of rhetoric. namely, president biden's response to the question in the rose garden this past week where he said he had no confidence in the death toll coming out of gaza. he said "i have no notion that the palestinians are telling the truth about comedy people are killed." the american people are quite far away, that was the phrase used. based on your research, on urinalysis, is that the case and how does the white house account -- is that your analysis, is that the case and how does the white house account for that? amy: there was a poll, are your sympathies more with israelis or palestinians? 61% say israelis, even among democrats though, it is 48% with

22% saying palestinians and another 30% saying don't know. thinking about the democratic base, that may be correct, it is not as strong as it is in the electorate overall. now looking at another crisis in the world, which is in ukraine. there, you have actually more disagreement among republicans about the importance of ukraine to the united states. that the way -- do you think supporting ukraine is in the national interest of the united states? republicans, just 49% say yes, 44% say no. compared to 87% of democrats, 63% of independents. we are looking at two world crises, one in israel and gaza, one in ukraine that does divide the two parties internally even as one party will support the

other part of the world almost completely. geoff: there's a headline in the post that says the white house rambles to repair relations with arab and muslim americans. how was the white house doing that? tamara: the president's rhetoric about the conflict has changed. he has gotten tougher on israel, has raised more loudly his concerns he previously raised privately with the israelis about ensuring the safety of civilians in gaza. but, it is a real concern. michigan is a state that was decided by fewer than 200,000 votes and the arab american community is quite large there. geoff: always great to speak with you. >> thank you. geoff: remember, there is more coverage online, including a look at the complex challenges health care workers are facing in a post-pandemic society.

that's at pbs.org/newshour. amna: and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm amna nawaz. geoff: and i'm geoff bennett. thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has beeprovided by -- >> architect. beekeeper. mentor. a raymondjames financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life well planned. >> committed to advancing restorative justice and meaningful work through investments and transformative leaders and ideas. supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committing to building a more just and peaceful world. more information at

macfound.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up. earlier today israeli defense forces announced they are expanding ground operations in gaza. we bring you how all of those developments quickly unfolded with retired four-star u.s. general wesley clark, former