wow, you get to watch all your favorite stuff. it's to die for. now you won't miss a thing. this is the way. the xfinity 10g network. made for streaming. geoff: good evening. i'm geoff bennett. amna: and i'm amna nawaz. on the "newshour" tonight, brutal fighting continues in gaza, including outside a hospital where thousands of civilians remain caught in the crossfire. geoff: the supreme court adopts a code of ethics responding to criticism over undisclosed perks for some justices. amna: and, the united states' health care system reckons with a mass departure of nurses over the increasing stresses and strains of the job. >> we want to provide better care and do it sustainably. and wherever possible, we can

give time back to the bedside team so they have more time to look after the patients that need them on a shift. ? >> major funding for the pbs h been provided by. ♪ >> the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of the newshour including leonard and norma, and patricia. >> you don't need vision to do most things in life. yes, i am legally blind and yes, i am responsible for the user interface. data visualization. if i can see it and understand it quickly, anyone can. it is exciting to be part of a team driving the technology forward.

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thank you. amna: welcome to the newshour. gaza's healthcare system, and its central hospital, are in collapse, more than 5 weeks since the hamas terror attacks that sparked this war. those who can still leave northern gaza are streaming south. geoff: leila molana-allen again starts our coverage, after spending much of the day in gaza with the israel defense forces. an editorial note, the idf reviewed the video newshour recorded in gaza, they say, for the operational security of -- the idf had no editorial role in this story prior to its broadcast. leila: there are no roads left here. as we cross the border into gaza, leaving the same dirt track hordes of hamas terrorists used to invade israeli towns on october 7th, the landscape becomes little more than dust. towns in this area were flattened as israeli troops fought hamas militants in the early weeks of the war.

we were given access to embed with the idf inside gaza, subject to israeli military restrictions. so that's the border over there. >> yes that's the border. you can see the border. you can see all the kibbutzes that have been attacked. >> the idf believes judor ad dik, a farming village once home to 5,000 people, was a key planning and staging outpost for the attacks. >> a lot of outposts, and anti-tank missiles, that we found here. many houses were booby-trapped, with wires that exploded before the idf soldiers could get inside. >> gilad says this is just one the many locations where tunnels have already been found and capped, but they know they're connected to hundreds of miles more beneath the strip. >> we're speaking about hundreds of open holes and tunnels that hamas has built in the ground through the years in order to make all of gaza huge terror compound. in just this village we found five pit holes, three main tunnels, under civilians'

houses. leila: they say they can't show us these tunnels because there's a risk there are still active fighters inside. >> each tunnel has a different purpose. for example the tunnels we found here we call closing tunnels, close to the border, close to the idf, allowing them to flank or infiltrate them beneath and strike them. it's very likely to say we are standing right now but -- above tunnels we haven't found yet. but we're going to find them sooner or later. leila: it's hard to believe anyone could live here again. the scale of the destruction here and in so many other villages along gaza's border with israel is complete. every house is gutted. the u.n.'s humanitarian office says 45% of gaza's homes have already been damaged or completely destroyed. as we roll further inside the strip, the navigator tracks the terrain through the sights of this armoured vehicle, a wasteland of twisted metal and dirt, almost unrecognisable as

an area where thousands of people once lived. suddenly, an urgent call on the radio. a soldier's been wounded at the location we're headed to. the team has just been told that one of the soldiers securing the humanitarian quarter has been shot possibly by a sniper. they're trying to arrange an evacuation. >> we're coordinating between the wounded soldier, the chopper and the car. the convoy will take the casualty out towards the border. leila: ahead, emerging over the crest of a military outpost, gazan civilians on foot weighed down not by the meager bags they carry, but by weeks of constant fear and devastating loss. as israel continues its bombardment of gaza by and land, -- by air and land, behind me you can see hundreds of ople trying to evacuate down the main north-south highway. they are weary and hungry. in the background you can hear gunfire, which the israeli military says is hamas militants

fighting with israeli soldiers as they try to stop civilians evacuating. soldiers take cover to secure the passage. the idf call out in hebrew and english, hoping to find hostages hidden in the crowds and signal to them to come out. four-hour daily combat pauses for evacuations have been agreed, but there's no sign of them yet. abu shady says his community has suffered beyond imagining, and now faces a long walk in to the unknown. >> we have no food or water, and we are displaced from our home, our building was destroyed with our belongings inside. i'm fleeing with no clothes. we are all without clothes and don't know what to do. what we can do? leila: what condition are the civilians you see crossing here in? >> i think the people here know they have an opportunity to save their lives. they are waiting for them on the south part of the strip with havens, tents and water and

food. leila: these people hope, and have been told, that by fleeing south, they may lose their homes, but they'll save their lives. but gazans who've already reached the south say the bombardment is nearly as bad, and the living conditions unbearable. he fears the worst is yet to come. >> i was in al-shifa. i was expecting it to be a safe place for us and other citizens, but it was not a safe place. this place is not safe, either. there is bombing everywhere, there is no mercy. these are mass massacres. leila: the idf says it is doing its best to minimise casualties, but has no choice but to eradicate hamas, in spite of the civilian toll. israelis, often at odds over internal politics, are almost universally united over this war, which they see as a fight for the very survival of their country. gazans, caught in the crossfire, will soon have no country left.

for the pbs newshour, i'm leila molana-allen on the salah al din street, the gaza strip. amna: israel says under gaza's main hospital is a military command center. president biden warned israel to be less intrusive in its operations there. nick schifrin reports on the legal arguments over whether the hospital and what is underneath are legitimate military targets as hundreds of patients and medical staff remain inside. they are facing dire conditions. nick: they were the most vulnerable and now they are helpless. babies in the al-shifa hospital are warmed only by each other after the generators that powered their incubators ran out of fuel. four were orphans delivered by cesarean section after their mothers died. the doctor is a spokesperson for the hamas run gaza health ministry. >> this aluminum foil is kept

around the babies to protect them from the cold. without having proper temperature for them, they immediately die. i hope they will remain alive in spite of the disaster in which this hospital is passing through. nick: death is on the mind of everyone inside al-shifa, where hallways are lined with the injured, doctors have no food and water and the who said it was no longer functioning as a hospital. >> there is no space for humanitarian negotiation. this is unprecedented for us. nick: the senior legal advisor for international humanitarian law at doctors without brders, which she joined 35 years ago. >> there is no anesthesia, no water. this imposing a siege, complete siege on humanitarian relief is a violation of humanitarian law.

>> it is only logical that if there is no way to make sure people get to the hospital, if there is supplies for enemies to fight, it won't get to the hospitals anyway and i don't think the law says you have to do that. the law has logic. nick: this legal advisor for the israeli defense forces is within national institute for security studies. shifa is not just a hospital. intelligence and reporters have been called to meetings by hamas in the hospital and they say it is hamas headquarters. >> hamas has turned hospitals into command centers. nick: last month a top military spokesman showed what he called an illustration of tunnels under shifa hospital. >> hamas uses the hospital as a shield for their infrastructure. hamas wages war from hospitals. nick: that is an allegation that

hamas denied. >> the israelis to provide a single piece of evidence to prove this facility has tunnels underneath, or any command center underneath. nick: no matter what is underneath, international humanitarian law protects the doctors and patients. >> the hospital can't lose its protection. if some patient and doctors remains inside. they are not relieved of their duty to take all precautions to ensure that the military advantage they will obtain through pursuing their attack will not affect the patient, the doctors and the civilian in a way that is disproportionate with the military advantage. >> we are entering the area of the hospital where we have found evidence. nick: israel argued was --

argues hamas hides military advantages and hospitals. he showed what he calls evidence of hamas fighters, motorcycles and where they kept hostages. >> a woman's clothing and a robe -- a rope next to the legs. look above this. look above it. it is a baby bottle. >> one hospitals have special protective status under international humanitarian law, they can lose the status when they are actually used by the enemy forces. you still need to give an advance warning telling the enemy to stop military use before attacking the hospital. if the enemy continues to do so, then the hospital can become a

lawful military targets. nick: an active is really advisor told newshour it provided more than ample warning including by speaking directly to hospital administrators, opening corridors to civilians who had been living on the shifa compound to leave. but it is not just this. israel must take into account international political pressure from its most important ally today. >> it is my hope and expectation that there will be less intrusive action relative to the hospital. nick: israel surrounds the hospital as it decides what to do next. there are thousands of gazans on the shifa compound who could be caught in the crossfire. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. ♪ stephanie: here are the latest headlines. donald trump, jr. returned to testifying in the civil fraud

trial targeting the family business. this time, he appeared as lead-off witness for the defense, to refute allegations of inflating property values in financial documents. the state maintains the trumps secured loans and deals with fraudulent claims. former president trump's older sister, maryanne trump barry, died overnight at her home in new york. she had been a federal judge and was a longtime confidante of her brother. but in 2020, recordings emerged of her saying of mr. trump, "he has no principles. you can't trust him." maryanne trump barry was 86 years old. in campaign 2024, south carolina senator tim scott is the latest to leave the republican presidential field. he announced it last night on fox, after struggling to gain any ground in the race. >> i think the voters, who are the most remarkable people on the planet, have been really clear that they're telling me, "not now, tim." so i'm going to respect the

voters, and i'm going to hold on and keep working really hard and look forward to another opportunity. amna: scott did not endorse any of the other hopefuls, but some of his top donors switched their support to fellow south carolinian nikki haley. former president trump still dominates the gop field. in russia, state media issued, then withdrew, alerts that russian troops were pulling back in southern ukraine. the alerts said the russians were regrouping east of the dnipro river. they retreated last year from areas west of the river. moscow said later the reports were false, and it blamed disinformation from ukraine. kyiv denied it. two more cities in india joined new delhi today as places that currently have the world's most polluted air. smoke from fireworks for diwali, the hindu festival of light, added to crop burning and auto exhaust. heavy haze in new delhi gave it the top spot for poor air quality.

but people in mumbai and kolkata also faced hazardous conditions as those cities made the top ten. >> the air is so polluted that it is difficult to move from one place to another. it doesn't feel like we are breathing fresh air when we step out in the morning. there is so much pollution that there is just smog wherever we look. stephanie: in economic news, south korean automaker hyundai announced a 25% wage hike by 2028 at its non-union plants in the u.s. that matches what the united auto workers union won in its tentative contract agreement with detroit's big three. toyota and honda already announced their own wage hikes. california governor gavin newsom said today are some -- arson called a massive fire that closed part of a freeway in los angeles. it started in two storage lots beneath interstate 10 early

sunday morning. engineers are assessing structural integrity. the 3 -- freeway is used by 300,000 hickle daily. paul pelosi testified in the trial of the man accused of attacking him and his san francisco home last year. the husband of former house speaker nancy pelosi told jurors he recognized he was in serious danger when he encountered the suspect wielding a hammer and zip ties. he has plead not guilty to all charges. still to come on the newshour, donald trump's campaign rhetoric raises concerns about violence and the future of democracy. tim keith and amy walter break down the latest political headlines. tensions rise in the united kingdom amid large scale over the israel-hamas war, and much more. >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west, from the walter cronkite school of journalism at

arizona state university. amna: the nine justices of the supreme court handed down a surprise unanimous decision today, binding themselves to a new code of ethics, explaining, "the absence of a code has led in recent years to the misunderstanding that the justices of this court, unlike all other jurists in this country, regard themselves as unrestricted by any ethics rules. to dispel this misunderstanding, we are issuing this code." to unpack the court's new rules, we welcome kathleen clark, a law professor with washington university in st. louis specializing in legal and government ethics. professor clark, put this moment in context for us. for the first time in the court's 234 year history, it's adopting a code of ethics. how big a deal is this? >> this is not a very big deal. it does show that the supreme court can read the room. it knew that it had to do

something to address the political and ethics crisis that it finds itself in. but in terms of substance, this new code does very little. and it provides no new mechanisms for holding justices accountable when they violate the rules. amna: let's tick through some of that public pressure, from the reporting that has been laid out, and i do want to take a moment to in particular note the many reports by pro publica breaking news on this front over the last seven months. you're seeing a few of those stories right there. they raised concerns over donor influence, failure to disclose gifts, failure to recuse from certain cases. so, professor clark, does any of this is any of this addressed by the new code? >> this new new code addresses none of that. it doesn't address donor influence. it doesn't address what will happen when justices fail to disclose gifts. it does address the recusal problem by saying nothing will

change. it views recusal as a decision for an individual justice, and if a justice fails to recuse, the court won't do anything about it. amna: you have read through the whole code now. what does it do? and if it doesn't do anything, why do you think all nine justices signed on to it? >> i believe that the justices, all presidentially nominated and confirmed by the senate, are in that sense politicians, and they realize that the court is in some jeopardy, in some political jeopardy because of the scandals uncovered by propublica and other journalists. so they felt pressure to take some sort of action, perhaps to stave off congress from taking action and imposing an actual ethics code that would provide accountability. so i think that this should be seen really as a political document, as a way of addressing a political problem that the

court has. amna: you mentioned that congressional pressure. one of those who has been calling for congress to impose and enforce a code of ethics is democratic senator sheldon whitehouse. he tweeted some of his concerns, which gets to a point you raised earlier about enforceability. he said the question is enforcement. where do you file a complaint? who reviews it? how does fact finding occur? who compares what happened to what's allowed? that is where the rubber hits the road. so professor clark, do i hear you saying none of that is addressed in this code and there is potentially still a role for congress here? >> well, there's definitely a role for congress here and yes, this this code is utterly silent , basically a failure to address those really important questions of, you know, who is it that will hold justices accountable and how will they be held accountable? if i could just add one thing. ironically, the court touts the fact that it imposes mandatory ethics training on the courts

employees. it does not impose mandatory ethics training on the justices, and that's where the failure has been. amna: well, here here's the question. because we have heard some of the justices publicly say they support a code of ethics. we recently heard just earlier this fall from justices coney barrett and elena kagan. i -- here's what they had to say. >> i think it would be a good idea for us to do it. particularly so that we can communicate to the public exactly what it is that we're doing in a clearer way than perhaps we have been able to do so far. >> it would, you know, help in our own compliance with the rules, and it would i think go far in persuading other people that we were adhering to the highest standards of conduct. amna: do you think there was a

divide, or there is a divide among the justices on how this should be addressed? >> i'm not privy to the justices' conversations among themselves. but you could hear in both of those quotations, a concern with public perception. and that, i think, is the bottom line about this new code. it's a way of addressing public perception, rather than addressing the heart of the problem, which is a lack of accountability. amna: so when it comes to public perception, we know the court has suffered a decline in public trust, like a lot of american institutions in recent years. does this code help at all? with that trust and building it back up? >> i don't believe so. i believe what would actually help matters for the supreme court is for it to adopt an accountability mechanism, something like what has been suggested by a professor and others, an inspector general's some kind of mechanism for investigating allegations of wrongdoing or violations and as

a way of actually holding justices accountable when they fail to comply with the law. amna: kathleen clark, law professor at washington university in st. louis, joining us tonight. professor clark, thank you. we appreciate your time. >> thank you very much. ♪ amna: former president donald trump attacked his political opponents in a speech over the weekend that historians say echoed authoritarian leaders. new york university historian, ruth ben-ghiat joins me now to discuss. this was a speech delivered in new hampshire, meant to mark veterans day. here is part of what mr. trump had to say. >> we will root out the communists, marxists, fascists and the radical left thugs that live like vermin within the

confines of our country, that lie and steal and cheat on elections. they'll do anything, whether legally or illegally, to destroy america and to destroy the american dream. amna: there is specific language that caught the number of historians attention. the word vermin in particular, what stood out from his remarks? ruth: since the fascist authoritarians always want to do two things, they want to change the way people see violence, making it into something necessary and patriotic and even morally righteous and they want to change the way people see their targets. so they use dehumanizing language. former president trump is doing both. he has been using his rallies since 2015 to shift the idea of violence into something

positive, and now he is starting to use dehumanizing rhetoric. all of these groups that live like vermin, and this is what the original fascists did. hitler talked about jews as parasites in 1920. by 1933, germans had been exposed to this dehumanizing rhetoric for 13 years. mussolini literally talked about rats after he had become dictator in 1927. he said we need to kill rats who are bringing infectious diseases and bolshevism in this matches with trump talking about immigrants bringing disease and other such things. this is dangerous rhetoric with a precise fascist history. amna: we have seen him mimic other nazi propaganda, saying immigrants are poisoning the blood of our country. our team ran a search and we

couldn't find in the last several years he has been on a national stage, trump using that kind of language before. is this a ramping up of that language? why do you think we are seeing that now? ruth: so as i said, there is a two part team that authoritarians do. they change the view of violence and mr. trump, since 2015, he started saying at his rallies, using his rallies and campaign events for radicalizing people. he started saying in the old days you used to hurt people. the problem is americans don't hurt each other anymore. now he is going into a new phase of openly dehumanizing his targets. so that will lessen the taboos in the future and in 2025, he has plans for mass deportations, mass prisoners in giant camps. you need people to be less sensitive about violence, either committing it themselves or

tolerating it, and i see that as the reason he is using this dehumanizing rhetoric, to prepare people. amna: he called himself a proud election denier. it has been three years since he lost the 2020 contest. we know where the majority of republicans and republican leaning voters stand. in polls, 69 percent of republicans and republican leaners say mr. biden's win wasn't legitimate. what is the residence of that lie and the fact that mr. trump is embracing that, saying he is proud to be an election denier? ruth: this is part of being more overt about becoming an authoritarian and transforming america into some version of autocracy. the endgame of election denial is actually to convince americans that elections shouldn't be the way to choose

leaders. they are too unreliable. we are beginning to see this with his allies, michael flynn said we might not even have elections, tommy tuberville the senator said let's not even have elections. the talk about, america is not, pure democracy doesn't work. this is part of a campaign of, you could call it mass reeducation of americans to want forms of authoritarian rule that trump will give. amna: we have heard from mr. trump's defenders in the past that you shouldn't take what he says literally, that he speaks off the cuff. what do you make of that? ruth: in all cases in history that i have studied, people didn't take the various hitlers and mussolinis seriously until it was too late. amna: thank you for your time, ruth. ♪

geoff: another government funding showdown on capitol hill. a shrinking republican 2024 field. and a critical meeting with china. time for a check-in with our politics monday team. that's amy walter of the cook political report with amy walter, and tamara keith of npr. good to see you both. we have another government funding deadline. the latest one is friday night. speaker johnson unveiled a fairly complex two tiered funding mechanism. what is the white house view of it? camera: they don't like it. that is clear. whether the president would ultimately sign it if it made it to his desk is unclear. it is not clear it will get to his desk and what the president has said is that he is waiting to see essentially what the house can come up with.

the challenge at the house, as with basically every funding bill ever, a hard right republicans are peeling off and so democratic votes would be needed. it is uncertain whether democrats will give them the votes they need. the white house is like do we really need more cliffs? this two tiered system would mean there are more chances for government shutdowns early next year. geoff: at least seven house republicans have come out against speaker johnson's plan. democrats according to lisa, one source she spoke to said they are leaning towards supporting it. chuck schumer said he was pleased that johnson has moved away from the far right flank within the house republican congress. does johnson have room to maneuver?

amy: for now. there is a sense that he is able to do what mccarthy did and got punished for, which is used democratic votes to actually get this short-term funding over the finish line. how many more times will they allow him to do this is the question. all this does is kick this down the road until january and february. this is the middle of an election year, the middle of presidential primaries. theoretically once we get into an election year, folks want a little more certainty, but what we have seen thus far from republicans in the house is a certain group of them, they are more than willing to do the sorts of things that previous republicans in an election year would never allow something like a government shutdown or at least this so-called fiscal cliff situation happening so close to an election. geoff: you mentioned the 2024 race. senator tim scott suspended his campaign. this is what he said on fox last night. >> i love america more today

than i did on may 22, but when i go back to iowa, it will not be as a presidential candidate. i am suspending my campaign. i think the voters who are the most remarkable people on the planet have been really clear that they're telling me, "not now, tim." geoff: that announcement reportedly took a number of his aides and donors by surprise. it is fairly clear that there is no appetite among the trump base for senator scott's so-called happy warrior strategy. tamara: there is no appetite for anyone that is not trump among the trump base. but senator scott brought this optimistic message at a time when it just doesn't seem like a lot of republican base voters are looking for optimism. he is also someone who is an evangelical christian, wore his religion on his sleeve which in past cycles would have been really helpful in a place like iowa. senator scott wasn't able to

gain any traction, and part of that is that no one has been able to gain traction against trump. there is some wisdom in getting out early if you want to have a political future, and he does seem like someone who may want to run for president again down e line or certainly, hasn't said anything that would make him unattractive as a vice presidential pick. geoff: let's talk about nikki haley who is poaching donors from her republican rivals. her team announced a $10 million ad buy in iowa and new hampshire to give her an advantage over ron desantis. is she the trump advantage? is that clear yet? amy: she is in second place in new hampshire and her home state of south carolina. tim scott was so low in the polls that he wasn't taking much of the vote anyway. in iowa she is tied for second with ron desantis. she could make a good case that she is the person that people who want to vote for someone other than donald trump should

rally around. her challenge now is that she has been unable to get voters who like donald trump, but are may be looking for an alternative, on her team. ron desantis has been better able to pick off some of those voters. what she has been able to do is really rally around i would call them may be the old-style republicans, many of whom don't want to see trump as the nominee. many of whom would maybe like to go back to the previous types of nominees in the reagan, bush sort of era. she has been able to straddle in her own political life, the trump and establishment relationship, but in the primary thus far, she hasn't been able to win over enough of those trump voters. geoff: you were in san francisco tonight to cover this week's major meeting between president biden and his chinese counterpart xi jinping.

the white house says there is no major announcement on deliverables. what is the goal for the summit? you -- it was more of a meeting. what is the goal? tamara: they are using the word summit. it is about a half day of meetings and the goal is essentially to reopen communications. it is kind of amazing to think about this but president biden and president xi haven't spoken in a year. during that year, there was the balloon, the spy balloon that the u.s. shot down over the ocean after it flew across america, or floated across america. and in a private fundraiser, president biden referred to president xi as a dictator. things have been tense. essentially what the white house is saying is that the goal here is to reduce those tensions. resume conversation so that they can have intense diplomacy about intense competition, to avoid that dipping into conflict,

which no one wants. geoff: they are hoping to counter china as an economic competitor even though they might not say that publicly. in many ways, to shore up the u.s. economy. looking at the numbers on paper, unemployment at historic lows, rising wages, strong economic growth. none of that seems to be translating to president biden's poll numbers. amy: if you ask voters what is the number one concern, it is rising prices. even as they say i'm glad i don't have to worry about finding a job or maybe i even got a bump in my salary, it is not translating to my day-to-day costs. the challenge biden has is what is really important to people at this moment when they think about the economy, it is the cost of stuff. the broader conversation about china is important. especially since some of the

issues like tariffs, this is a president who is keeping in line with former president trump about keeping pressure on china, focusing a lot on bringing manufacturing and other jobs, keeping them in the united states. geoff: amy walter and tamra keith, thanks as always. ♪ amna: in a day of political upheaval, britain's prime minister rishi sunak brought back former prime minister david cameron as his foreign secretary. and sunak fired home secretary suella braverman, after critics claimed her remarks contributed to violence during pro-palestinian marches this weekend. the british government is also pledging to crack down on anti semitism, which has surged across europe since the october 7th hamas attacks in israel. from london, special correspondent malcolm brabant

reports. >> 5, 6, 7, 8. >> according to police, 300,000 marched. 105 years to the day, the first world war ended on this day. >> cease fire no. >> don't eradicate all of palestine. >> i can't see children being killed. a genocide that is going on in palestine, the war crimes that have been committed by the idf, and all the governments are complicit. >> i've been disappointed in most of the government around the world. the reaction towards what is happening in gaza is pretty disgusting. it is not a case of, if you are looking negatively at the israelis i don't think you are antisemitic. malcolm: this is the biggest

pro-palestinian demonstration since october 7. britain's home secretary lambasted the police chief when he refused to ban it. the police argued the threat of trouble wasn't serious enough to warrant a ban. the judgment call will be put to the test. clashes involving right-wing nationalists threatened to disrupt the traditional salute to britain's war dead. the nationalists said they wanted to defend them from palestinian supporters and were furious at being threatened -- thwarted by police. the two minute silence of the 11th hour was observed peacefully beneath the statue of winston churchill. there were a handful of people that signaled support for hostages held by hamas. >> we have families in this country where the kids are unable to wear signs of the religion to school. how does that honor the memory

of the people who fought for freedom? >> palestine will be free. malcolm: the government is considering outlawing this chant. the antisemitic chant threatens jews with the return of mohammed's army. police are hunting a group that intimidated worshipers outside a london synagogue. the police and some senior government ministers blame suella braverman for whipping up hatred before the demonstration. >> thousands take to the streets following the massacre of jewish people, the single largest loss of jewish life since the holocaust, chanting for the erasure of israel. to my mind there is only one way to describe this. they are hate marches. malcolm: prime minister sunak

said protecting britain's jewish community is paramount. >> we will not stand for this hatred and anti-semitism. it sickens me to think british jews are looking over their shoulder in this country. malcolm: according to the european union anti-semitism hasn't been this bad since the 1930's. in paris, stars of david stenciled on buildings are reminiscent of nazi tactics. >> i will again feel the hatred that was there when we were kids. i don't understand it. >> in germany the government warned antisemitic attacks risk transporting the country to its most horrific times. in denmark, the prime minister led a commemoration of kristallnacht, when the nazis launched a pogrom against jews in austria.

denmark's chief rabbi was assaulted and wants to meet his assailant to prevent further attacks on the nations jews. >> it is more difficult to be a jew in denmark than it was in 1943. >> i know it sounds bizarre, but in 1943 the enemy was visible. the faith of a jew was more predictable. now, we are in an unknown level of risk. >> he is referring to incidents like this encounter between denmark's foreign minister and a hamas supporter. >> my people are being killed. >> aren't you also angry about the terror attack hamas carried out on october 7? >> i am really not. i'm happy hamas made the decision on october 7. we have been imprisoned since 1948. >> this is where i don't

understand you. anyway, have a nice evening. malcolm: adding to the tension is a video about hamas hostages by a danish palestinian influencer. there are still people down there who have not been done, he says. but 250, he says, that is not bad. ok, he says. joking aside, condolences for all those lives that are not yet taken. what do you fear is going to happen? >> i can't see how all of this hatred we see around in demonstrations, how it channels itself to anything else than violence. >> i honestly can't see how we don't get out.

malcolm: saturday's demonstration past mi six whose agents are trying to prevent the fury am turning deadly. the terror threat is considered substantial, which and at -- which means an attack is likely. ♪ geoff: their own more than 5 million nurses in this country, and a 5 million recent survey found that nearly a third are seriously thinking of quitting, which would be a devastating blow for patients and hospitals. tonight, william brangham begins our series about efforts to turn the tide, "critical care: the future of nursing." it's a collaboration with the global health reporting center, including support from the pulitzer center. >> would you like a coffee? >> ashley is fueling up before the start of her shift at houston methodist hospital.

she is one of more than 8000 nurses in this hospital network. as busy as it is now, she says it is nothing like it was during the height of the pandemic. >> people were getting burned out. nurses were falling from covid after treating patients with covid. i saw staff being burdened, from the workload and the assignments were just insane with how many patients were coming in. william: did that change your mind about wanting to stay in the field? >> it did. william: caroline, a former nurse, was a hospital vp when the pandemic threw her into crisis mode. >> it was a trying time. it took an emotional toll. it took a spiritual toll and it took a physical toll as well. william: as the need group, the supply of willing workers shrank. >> a lot of my friends left for

travel assignments. william: because the pay was better? >> yes. william: two years in, nurses were quitting out seven times the rate they were before covid-19. across the u.s., more than 100,000 nurses quit the profession during the pandemic. many others left for new jobs which put hospitals in a tough position. pregnant and overworked, ashley was on the verge of doing the same. >> i thought about leaving. i talked to one of my former managers and directors, and they were like, please don't leave the system. we may have something for you. you will see me pop up on your television. william: this is where she landed, houston methodist's virtual nursing unit where she offers direct patient care from afar to patients in eight different hospitals. 's can you hear me? william: she asks and answers questions and helps with intake

and discharge, all remotely. >> very good. in a second i will populate the paperwork on my screen so you can follow along with me. if you have questions, let me know. sometimes they ask, are you really a nurse? i'm like yes, i have my badge on. william: they are wondering whether you are a real human or actually a nurse? >> i have gotten questions like, are you real? yes, i am real, i am not ai generated. i have a pulse, i have a badge, i'm a registered nurse with experience. i'm here to help and answer questions. >> it is the control room that represents our whole virtual health system. william: dr. sarah oversees the daily operation. >> staff are providing direct engaged care. william: philosophically, is this about improving patient care, handling lesser staff? >> we want to provide better

care and do it sustainably. wherever possible we can give time back to the bedside team so they have more time to look after the patients that need them on a shift. looks like you have a patient ready for discharge. william: according to hospital analysis, each time ashley walks up patient through intake or discharge it gives 25-30 minutes of time back to the bedside nurse. >> these are the things that the bedside nurses would most like to not have to do and felt like they were interrupting their direct care of a patient. so let's do those virtually. >> that's right. william: virtual nurses are one part of houston methodist's plan to rebuild its staff. the hospital stop hiring travel nurses. at one point there were more than 200 working here. for nurses who remained, they offered flexible schedules, more

choice of assignments, and higher pay. >> i would say the second quarter of last year's when we started seeing the reverting back to normalization, and this past year, we really normalized. william: staff turnover today is back to where it was before the pandemic. but that experience is not universal. the state of texas projects over the next decade, it will take an additional 57,000 registered nurses to meet patient needs. while texas is in a worse position than most, this is a nationwide shortage with a projected shortfall of nearly half a million nurses in the next two years. >> we have been in crisis mode for years. william: the woman whose faces on the bus, diane, has been the dean of the school of nursing at ut health in houston since 2018. >> even before the pandemic the average age of nurses was 55. they were hitting the range where we would see multiple

people retiring over the next couple years. william: the exodus of older experienced nurses creates higher demand for new ones. nationwide, the number of nursing students has also been falling since early in the pandemic. it was down more than 15% last year, hitting a 10 year low. to help those who are enrolled, this school added tutoring programs to help students graduate and doubled scholarships to entice others in. >> we have a long way to go until we reach the goal of making undergraduate education free. but it is a step in the right direction. william: the state has taken steps, from loan forgiveness to funding research projects done by young nurses. at the same time, there is a shortage of nursing faculty which forces schools to turn away more than 10,000 qualified applicants last year. that is a nationwide trend. >> to be faculty you have to be a nurse and you have to get

additional doctoral training, which is about 1% of nurses so it is a small pool of people. william: there is no short-term fix especially when the overall shortage is driving up salaries for nurses with advanced degrees who make more at the bedside been in the classroom. those who teach say the next generation of nurses can already see its own value. >> these kids are the future. they are just going to do it their way. the old ways don't work for them. william: she is not just a professor, but an emergency room nurse in two county hospitals. >> i'm happy. finally there is a new generation of people who are going i'm not going to tolerate that. they say you will not pay me that, i will not tolerate those hours, i won't only work night shift. if you need me, let's talk. that is what we need. >> are you there? william: in the meantime we can expect to see more hospitals

like houston methodist trying to do more with less. >> you can see she is able to provide this care for 16 patients at one time. >> looks like you have an active account. william: if technology helps nurses stay in the profession, all the better. sounds like the shift means you got to stay in a career you loved but was taxing for your life. >> i have told a lot of my colleagues, this is probably the best sort of job i could even dream of for a nurse. i'm still using my knowledge and skills while also kind of balancing my home life and making sure i am mentally present and ok. william: a balance that has been hard to find since a virus threw our health care world offkilter. i'm william brangham in houston,

texas. ♪ amna: remember there's a lot, more online, including a look at a story about the shortest ever marine and the challenges he faces. that is on our instagram at newshour. geoff: and join us again here tomorrow night, when we will explore how some jewish americans are grappling with the israel/hamas war. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm geoff bennett. amna: and i'm amna nawaz. on behalf of the entire newshour team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding has been provided by. >> architect. beekeeper. mentor. a raymondjames financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life well planned. >> the kendeda fund committed to

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