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the psule when the spacewalk is over. >> i probably as they were relieved when everything went off without a hitch and the hatch closed properly and is re-pressurized again now. ♪ >> one giant commercial step for mankind. billionaire businessman jared isaacman becomes the first nonprofessional astronaut to walk in space. we will become -- we was has what it means for the future of space travel. modernizing the nhs. a deming report of the state of the health service and england. what does that reform look like? and a stark warning from vladimir putin. any use of western supply long-range weapons on strike targets in russia put nato at war with russia.

you are very welcome to the program. hundreds of miles above earth, history was made today. the first ever privately funded spacewalk. 405 miles above the earth billionaire entrepreneur jared isaacman clambered out in a spacex dragging capsule and performed a series of maneuvers near the hatch. . he was followed by a spacex engineer who was part of the four person civilian crew. this is the image of mr. isaac meant emerging from the spacecraft silhouetted against a spectacular view of earth. here is our science correspondent. >> back at home we all have a lot of work to do. from here, it looks like a perfect world. >> historic words for an historic moment. outcomes the first private sector astronaut to walk in space. silhouetted in earth's orbit billionaire derek eisenman -- jared isaacman played billions

of dollars for the experience. he remains partly in the capsule. a chance to move around in the newly developed spacuit to test its mobility. >> the entire operation is two hours. we have to see how everything progresses through it. we don't need very long out there. other than the test matrix we are not building structures on the international space station or repairing anything. as soon as we get the data we have, we will cycle another crewmember in and out. >> the oer crewmember is special -- mission specialist sarah gillis. it is her first time in spa and she is already making history standing outside the dragon capsule. most crude spacecraft have an air lock which is a sealed door between the vacuum of space and the rest of the spacecraft. normally it is depressurized when astronauts go in and out. dragon does not have an airlock so the entire craft has to be depressurized.

the non-spacewalking astronauts have to be fully suited up and strapped into their chairs. extra nitrogen and oxygen have to be added to repressurized the capsule when the space walk is over. the astronauts blasted off on tuesday going further into space since the apollo moon missions in the 1960's and 70's. the spacecraft reached a maximum altitude of 870 miles above the earth. that is nearly three and a half times the distance to the international space station which is 250 miles. the orbit took it through a region of space that is higher in radiation called the van allen belt which starts at 600 miles. the astronauts were safe inside their spacecraft. the vessel came below the radiation belt to 430 miles. the astronauts could carry out their spacewalk safely.

spacewalk that has happened has been professional astronauts through a government agency. either the soviets or the americans, the russians these days. to have the first one done commercially is a big step forward for the commercial space sector. it is going to push the boundaries of what they can do. it will extend the capabilities. we are likely to see many more in the future. >> it was 60 years ago alexi learned of became the first person to walk in space. since then, it has only been astronauts working for government space agencies to have done this until now. this is the first ever private sector crew to have walked in space. the aim is to reduce cost so space travel can become more commonplace and humans can have a long-term presence on the moon and even on mars. >> rather than just stepping out of the spacecraft, next time you might be stepping onto the surface of the moon. we might be building a bases and

places for people to live for extended periods of time on the moon. everything is incremental. there is forward momentum gaining now. > the historic spacewalk now over, and so many firsts already achieved. the crew's attention turns to carrying out experiments before beginning their journey home in two days time. >> quite extraordinary. with me tonight, the rocket scientist and editor of nasa watch.com. thank you for being with us. this is the most dangerous thing you can do as an astronaut, a spacewalk. but my goodness. what a view of earth you get. >> i have got friends who have done this. they plan these things out. usually you go outside to fix things and so forth. we are all human. they built a little time so when you are astronauts floating around and they have a break in the tasks, they can enjoy the view. >> we sell them get back into

the capsule just before the end of the report. it made me think that was the riskiest part of the whole hour-long process. the re-pressurizing of the capsule. >> there are some firsts and not first hear. the first time anybody did this was soviets and americans in the 60's. if you look at how nasa astronauts go out today, they have their own backpack here which has enough air for six or seven hours. these guys did not have the back rack. they had a sexy looking spacesuit and they had a hose attached to it but they were tied in. they really were not in danger when they stood up like this in less they cut their suit but they are not going to do that. in the future you may see a backpack on these things and they may go out by themselves. if you're going to go to the moon, you need new spacesuits. nasa spacesuits are 40 years old.

. they have been trying to make new ones. here is spacex with money from mr. isaac and has gone and taken a big step on a two a half years and nasa is taking decades to do. something old, something new, something tried, something true. >> someone said it looked as if they were wearing just a motorcycle helmet but these have been vigorously tested. they were in a sport a part of space where the sun's molecules congregate. there is a lot of radiation. how do you think they perfoed? >> there are a couple things involved. they were not at a very high orbit. the highest anyone has been in half a century. they did adjust the orbit so they would not be exposed. the suits offer a little protection from radiation but not a lot. it is inside the spacecraft. by coincidence, a big solar hair is heading toward earth but they will be back on the ground before that is an issue. in the time they were up there,

they got about three times the exposure you would get on the space station over six months. it is not without risk. again, space travel has always been risky even when you are being safe. >> this might be a question from a neat freak but when they were preparing to go out, i was thinking how regressed you have to be about tying everything down and making sure everything is secure? if it is not, crucial things can float out of the hatch. >> back in the 60's the first and they did this they said everything is floating. they could not -- they did not expect that. now you have a checklist of things. storage bags. two of the crew are strapped in. all of the other stuff was kept in bags or compartments. only the things they needed were out and they were velcro don't. you don't want that stuff lying around. you don't want to lose anything. apparently it worked fine. on occasion, astronauts will drop something. it will float away.

if they don't grab it, it becomes a satellite. you don't want to do that if you can help it. >> i could talk to you for hours but we are tight for time. thank you for coming on the program tonight. >> my pleasure. >> the statistics and for any of visiting hospital tell a story of nhs under a severe strain. today the prime minister concluded the health service is broken but not be in after a damming review. it found long waits for care and poor survival rates for cancer. sir keir starmer said investing would always be a priority but before the taps could be turned on he said the plumbing has to be fixed. the government said three big shifts were needed. preventing illness in their work -- the first place. will be more careful hospitals to care in the community at a renewed push to create a digital nhs. here is our health editor. >> voices from the nhs frontline

toy. >> it is a really difficult time to be agp. the attitude and some of the rhetoric you hear is demoralizing. >> when i talk to people, it is i cannot wait for my retirement. it is a tight workforce. >> callers to the bbc included patients. >> brilliant people join and literally saved my life. >> i think it is important no one expects anything to change overnight. >> all in a day when a bleak report on the state of the nhs in england was published. louisa's experience sums up one of the key problems. long waiting lists. we spoke to her in april when she waited for a year and a half for any replacement and had to take early retirement as a teacher. >> my mobility was so poor that i did not feel comfortable or safe in the classroom. >> five months later we meet her again. she has had the operation but went private. she felt she could not wait any longer on the nhs. >> i feel selfish for doing

that. for betraying something i believed in very firmly on my life. but i felt i did not have any choice. i feel so guilty about the people who can't do what i have done and are not lucky enough to have a pension to raid. we are not wealthy. i'm just a teacher. my husband is just in i.t. but we are still lucky enough to be able to do it. >> the prime minister says the answer is nhs reform rather than just money. what does that mean in practice? you talk about shifting resources into community health care, improving technology and prevention of bill health. these ideas have been talked about for some time. some progress has already been made. what is new and different about your reform ideas? >> that we have got a role and honest assessment of where we are really at. that we are clear eyed about this meaning we need a 10 year plan. not a short-term set of decisions. and we have the mandate for change to carry this through.

>> the diagnosis of what has gone wrong came from this leading surgeon. he carried out a rapid review for the government. >> the nhs is in a critical condition. but the vital signs are stable. we need the resources. we need to motivate the staff. we need the infrastructure to transform every pathway of care. we can get it back. >>'s report highlights crumbling nhs buildings and low investment in equipment. tackling that he says will make the nhs more efficient. but that will need money which ministers worn is hard to find now. >> with me to discuss is professor allison lear. she is the chair of health care and workforce modeling at the london south bank university. the onfigure that jumps out is the increasing number of staff members since 2019. that has increased since 17 that

-- has increased 70%. treatment has collapsed. one in 10 patients were waiting 12 hours in andy. that is 81 times as many as in 2019. how does that happen? >> that happens for a number of reasons. although the absolute number of staff has expanded, we have seen a loss of experienced staff in health care. the addition of people having more complex needs being met has meant the workload has gone up. the workload has gone up significantly. care is more complex. the work is more complex. the people now are less experienced. >> we saw with the last major reform program in 2012 the top-down reform is not always welcomed by the nhs. do you imagine there will be some resistance to this? >> i think reform is always unsettling for people that are

working in the system. people who use the system. last year's reforms were very radical. they have been open to quite a lot of criticism. one of the primary reforms he kind of disestablished a lot of important infrastructure like the cancer infrastructure we had in the country. the cancer networks that really did make a lot of improvements in terms of people's ability to access care. i think they will be quite a lot of people quite concerned about an proposed reform should >> the prime minister says he is convinced prevention is the key to this over the next 10 years. he thinks gp services are central to spearheading that. we know as well we have been hearing from gps in recent weeks they are under immense pressure so how are they going to do that? >> that is a really good question. it has been a significant reduction in the availability of general practice is not just

gps. it is people like general practice nurses. the general practice workforce has been expended but th different types of work the meat different types of needs. we are seeing a big deficit in general practitioners and nurses. what we need to think about is how to retain that workforce. that is one of the only ways that is going to be able to meet that need. >> one of the other big stories of the day was this report from the office of budget responsibility which talks about debt as a proportion of our economic outlook, our gdp. it said around 98% at the moment but in the next 50 years it will be a 270% of output. how much of that extraordinary increase in debt in recent years do you think is down to the way we run our health services? >> the health service is fairly efficient in terms of economics.

if -- one of the better performing health economies. it is -- the further going to the future, the harder it is to predict and model these things. i think certainly there needs to be some issues addressed. we are facing a global workforce crisis and workforce is key to productivity in any system. we know a good health care system is beneficial to the economy. unless there is some action, we have heard about the issues today, but unless there's acon by government, that is going to cause some significant issues in the future. >> interesting to talk to you. thank you for coming on. >> thank you. >> around the world and across the u.k., you are watching bbc news. ♪

♪ >> just a quick line of news to bring you the has come to us in

the last few minutes. this is a posting on social from donald trump. he says he will not be participating in second debate with kamala harris. there was speculation as to whether they would appear together on nbc for the second debate but he is saying in the last few minutes he has decided not to do a second debate. we have a panel coming up at 9:00. let's talk about ukraine. the russian president vladimir putin says the west allowing ukraine to use long-range weapons to strike russian territory would amount to nato fighting russia. there were signs the u.s. and allies are shifting position. poland added its voice to call for restrictions on ukraine to be lifted. u.s. a good terry of state antony blinken was in warsaw as he wound up his trip to europe. mr. putin said the move to do that would represent a major change in the shape of the conflict. >> if this decisis made, it will mean nothing other than direct participation of nato

countries, the united states, european countries in the war in ukraine. it is there direct dissipation and this of course significantly changes the very essence of the conflict. this will mean nato countries, the united states, european countries are fighting with russia. >> president biden who has been hesitant to take action and risk triggering direct conflict with russia is to review the white house meeting with then a british prime minister secure starmer. this is what he had to say on tuesday. >> when you leave restrictions on the use of long-range weapons by ukraine? >> we are working that out right now. >> three ukrainians working for the international committee of the red cross were killed by russian shelling today. two others were injured in the strike in a village around 12

kilometers from the front line in the donetsk region. the team was preparing to distribute wood and coal to a village in the north of the city when the vehicle was hit. let's get some views on where this decision currently rests. paul mccleary is a defense correspondent for politico. thank you for joining us. i said things are starting to shift. the reporting here in the u.k. has been strident that the decision has been made. what are you hearing from national security people over there? >> speaking to people at the pentagon and the white house a decision has not been made yet. the secretary of state and the u.k. foreign minister were in kyiv to hear the ukrainians out about what they want and what targets they want to hit. they are coming back and briefing the president and prime minister. a final decision might not be

made even by friday when they meet tomorrow. it seems the u.n. general assembly meeting next week is the real target for any sort of announcement. this is something the u.s. and u.k. have been working on for months. they have tried to bring the germans along and other allies in eure to support helping ukraine with these longer-range strikes inside russia. there is concern about escalation. what the russians might do. how they might react. as these bombs attacks continue come 800 bombs hit kyiv and other billion targets recently. ukrainians are begging for help to hit some of these russian airfields. >> you look very closely at the defense industry. how concerned do you think the americans are about the limited stockpile of the atacm weapons

they have been sending? there is some concern. us army has not bought atacms in number of years. they are switching to a different missile. there is a limited number of the storm shadows. if the green light was given, my understanding is there will be some caveats on it. no hitting civilian infrastructure. things like that. going after russian military targets better high-value vis-a-vis weapons depots, logistics hubs, airfields. they will use them somewhat sparingly because there is a finite quantity of these missiles left in stockpiles. this war looks like it is going to go on for quite a bit. >> can you imagine a scenario where the storm shadow would us and the atacms not? the u.k. government seems to be more disposed to easing the

restrictions than the americans at the moment but clearly that has implications for the u.s. military. >> the storm shadow is air launched. ukrainians have to figure out how to attach it to the old soviet era fighter planes. to do that they go about 155 miles. you have to get relatively close to the border which puts you at risk of being shot down or attacked by russian air defenses. the ata our ground launchedcms which carries the risk of having to drive the launch system close to the border or even into russia. ukraine have fewer than 20 hi mars launchers. they are pretty valuable. the ukrainians are valuable targets for the russians. and carries a risk. launching by aaron getting closer to the border or even driving into russia. >> you will be aware at ram stein the other day defense a good terry austin said he didn't think any single capability would be decisive in this war.

do you think that is part of the thinking given the threats and the risks we talked about and what we are getting from vladimir putin? presumably they ve to balance what effect it would have with what is coming the other way. >> there is no magic bullet. no weapon is going -- no secular weapon is going to win the war. what the ukrainians want to do is use some of the storm shadows, atacms and the french scout missile to hit russian air defense systems close to the border. hit logistics hubs. hit weapons depots that have to be close to the border which would then give the ukrainian f-16s and their other aircraft a little more leeway to fly close to the border and hit russian targets as they are coming over the border. it is part of a wider strategy here. i don't think the ukrainians are undeany pretense that just getting the capability is going to win the war. it will increase the costs onto

russians and vladimir putin but it is not going to change the course of the war. >> paul mccleary. good to get your thoughts this evening. thank you for coming on the program. we are going to take a short break. on the other side of the break, it is time for ai decoded. we are going to be focusing on the very sophisticated ai chips that are being developed and a deal that is being cited this week between one of the u.s. the saudi's.s of the chips and what is that mean for the big data centers being built in the desert? all that to announcer: funding for presentation of this program is provided by... financial services firm, raymond james. announcer: funding was also provided by, the freeman foundation. and by judy and peter blum kovler foundation, pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. ♪ ♪

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