♪ >> tonight on "pbs newshour weekend." as southern states start to recover from back-to-back hurricanes, we look at the long-term effect these disasters have on vulnerable communities. then, how first-generation latino americans are navigating the wealth gap. and our we can spotlight with the celebrated children's author and illustrator. >> i feel so fortunate because i have gotten to do whatever i want to do and i'm still having

just as much fun as i ever have. ♪ >> major funding for "pbs newshour weekend" has been provided by -- and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ >> and friends of the "news hour." this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs

station by viewers le you. thank you! john: good evening. i am john yang. the death toll and destruction are growing in the middle east amid more fighting on both of israel fronts. in northern gaza, there was heavy bombardment after 22 people were killed and airstrikes. they say supplies are dwindling and bodies remain uncollected in the streets. in southern lebanon, the israeli military ordered residents of 23 viages to evacuate for their own safety. they claim hezbollah is hiding weapons and launching attacks from the area. the group denies it. in syria, the u.s. military says it has conducted a series of airstrikes targeting isis camps. central command says they will disrupt the terrorist group's ability to plan and carry out attacks against the united statesnd its allies. the military said there were no civilian casualties.

they are working to assess the damage from hurricane milton claimed for at least 10 deaths. more than one million people remain without power. governor ron desantis announced the opening of state run sites in the tampa area where people can get up to 10 gallons of free gas to help evacuees drive back home. while they avoided the worst case scenario, homeowners say the major damage came from high winds. >> we expected to see the whole place gone. to come home and find four units missing their roofs was not pleasant either, but at least our home is still standing. john: president biden is to go to florida tomorrow to survey the devastation. the vice president's official dr. gives kamala harris a clean bill of health. the army physician describes harris' health as excellent and says she has a daily regiment of vitamins and aerobic exercise. he says she has the physical and

mental resiliency needed for the presidency. last november, donald trump released a physician's letter saying he was an excellent health but it did not provide the sort of details that harri'' doctor provided. how first generation latino americans tried to close the wealth gap. and our weekend spotlight with illustrator and author sandra boynton. announcer: this is "pbs news weekend." john: the official death toll from hurricane milton may not be telling the whole story. new research suggests the lasting damage from storms could result in thousands of additional deaths in future years, particularly among the most vulnerable in society. the climate and science reporter

joins us. this says additional deaths could because by hurricanes 15 years on. how does this happen? >> researchers based in california did an analysis of death tolls in states affected by hurricanes for the last 100 years. they looked at 500 tropical cyclones. they found this consistent pattern of every time a hurricane hit a state, the death rates in the state or higher than before the hurricane. this is the kind of statistical analysis often used to identify initial signals there is something dangerous happening in public help. it is the same methodology researchers initially used to realize smoking was linked with health problems. what they find is after a hurricane hits, estate might see -- a state might see between 7000 and 11,000 deaths for 15 years afterwards because of the disruption the hurricane causes to the health system, the economy, social networks, and to

mental health. john: did it find there were groups of people particularly badly affected by this? >> i was talking to one first responder who set a rule of thumb in disasters is the person most vulnerable after a storm is the same as the person most vulnerable before a storm. all of the inequalities we know exist in our socty play out and get exacerbated by a hurricane. they found about half of the excess deaths were among elderly people over the age of 65. the most disproportionate impact of hurricanes was on infants under the age of one. even babies that were not born before the storm hit were more likely to die and expectedly after the storm. those babies might be born into families that have more stress, less financial resources, less ability to access prenatal care and postnatal care, ls ability to buy food or formula, so they are more likely to see the kinds

of illnesses that can lead to infant mortality. one of the other striking findings was there was a pretty big racial disparity in how this played out. researchers found indirect deaths among black americans was three times higher than among white americans who experienced the same storm. that suggests to them the unequal access to health care, emergency response and support that we know exists in this country is playing out during a hurricane as well. john: you say researchers ruled out other factors. some people may think it is because of climate change. the storms are becoming more intense. but their research goes way back. >> they went all the way back to 1930 and found the excess indirect deaths occurred after every storm. the once 100 years ago and the ones happening now. they do find an indication the number is increasing the primate

recent -- is increasing. the primary reason is people living in these areas has increased. florida is one of the fastest growing states. if you have more people, that is more people in harm's way. john: what does this suggest about the way our country response to natural disasters? >> the researchers spoke to said this highlights a need for more interventions and more social and physical support after a hurricane happens. these deaths are not happening because someone got caught up in floodwaters or a tree fell on a house. they are happening because people are not able to access the kind of care and social safety net they might have had before the hurricane occurred, or maybe that social safety net never existed. without that extra stability that is takenway by the

hurricane, people start to fall through the cracks. researchers told me they think this highlights the need for more community health programs. going out and making sure people who might have mobility issues are able to get to the do they said it shows the need for more support for families to ensure that their kids are getting the food and medical care they need, that people are getting the mental health treatment they need. right now, a lot of the emergency response systems we have go away a few months after a storm occurs. people able to access food assistance or help like free mental health care through fema for a few months but this research suggests the trauma last much longer and people will need that support for much longer. john very sobering research. thank you very much. >> thank you. ♪

john: son down tonight marks the end of yom kippur, the solemn day of atonement and reflection for jews everywhere. the 10 days between rosh hashanah and yom kippur are known as the days of repentance. this year, they have also been days of sadness as israeli hostages begin a second year of captivity as fighting intensifies. we asked jews around the country how they are observing these important days that coincide with the anniversary of october 7. >> i serve as the senior rabbi in california. rosh hashanah celebrates the birth of our world. it is a time of great joy and celebration. we have yom kippur known as the day of atonement. it is a chance to make sure as we are starting a new year that we are starting off on the right foot. >> i live in minneapolis.

i am a college student at the university of minnesota. on young to poor -- duncan poor -- yom kippur, i find singing the songs and welcoming the new year through music helps me feel connected to the history of the jewish people. >> i am from massachusetts. on a spiritual and personal level, this high holiday season is a chance to look back on the past year and reflect on who i was and take time to look forward to the year ahead. >> i live in cleveland heights, a suburb of cleveland, ohio. i have a lot of family that lives in israel and i also have palestinian friends. all that is happening now affects us because we are so concerned about those people that we know but also just about the way middle east problems ar affecting the world. >> i live in los angeles. i found this year we were more

thoughtful than celebratory. >> you will see a giant poster with everyingle picture of the hostages that needs to come home. in our prayers come up we make sure we are praying for t hostages, praying for peace because these people are in our hearts. they are our extended family. >> i keep going back to the pain and struggle of ordinary people living in israel or gaza. >> the war this past year has been extraordinarily complicated and messy. reasonable people have different perspectives on that. it is hard to hold those perspectives in a time of trauma. >> i hear a lot of antisemitism coming from communities around me. it hurts. it hurts really badly, especially during the holidays. i grieve the loss of jewish life

and those lost in gaza. it is not mutually exclusive. >> our community has been in grief. the grief does not end after a year. the grief is ongoing. >> community leaders have created space to ask big questions like, where was god when people were afraid for their lives and the lives of their children? >> with the new year starting, i focus on hoping for peace, hoping for joy, and hoping for life. >> part of how we continue to not only survive but thrive is to stay strong, stay resilient. reflect. continue to improve ourselves. stay together as a community. not let our differences tear us apart. that is what we are trying to do. i think the high holidays lend itself to that. ♪ john: rising stock in real estate markets have helped send total u.s. household wealth

trending upward the last 15 years or so but there is still great inequality along racial lines. according to the latest federal reserve data, the typical white family has more than six times the wealth of the typical black family and almost ve times the wealth of a typical hispanic family. for national hispanic heritage month, we look at how first and second generation latino americans are trying to close that gap. the author of the book joins us. our their chaenges to first and second generation latino americans? >> many. i like to call it that we have a different starting line. we do not get any sort of basics on money management at home. some has been taught at school. but some of our peers get to benefit from parents teaching them what a checking account is,

how credit works. our parents are just trying to survive a new country so we don't typically get any exposure to money talk. on top of that, we do not benefit from generational wealth. our parents come here seeking a better life for us all so they come here with nothing. on top of that, we have the added responsibility of feeling like our parents' caretakers, their retirement plan, or we have to provide a monthly allowance for them to stay afat. john: you are a financial educator. are the things you wish people had told you? >> absolutely. that would be invest aggressively in your 401(k) or whatever you have at work to help you for retirement in the future. be aggressive paying off dt. i was passive with my debt. i thought i would pay the minimum balance on student loans and credit cards. after learning about financial literacy, i learned it will take

longer to get out of debt that way. john: are those the most common pitfalls or mistakes among young latinos? >> not making a budget. i would think as my career escalated, it was sort out. after learning financial literacy, i learned you have to have a roadmap for what you want your money to do for you. it is hard to do that if you are not aware of your spending goals. john: you talk about embracing bicultural identity. what do you mean by that? >> when i started my financial literacy journey, the only access i had to personal finance books were mostly written by white male authors. what was missing was how my latino handles money which is different from white americans. most operate in a collectivist sort of society which means we

sacrifice ourselves for the group's betterment. if you need help, the first peopleou go to is family. in america, it is individualistic, very much every man for himself, pull yourself up by your bootstraps, charge on a credit card, don't tell people about it. when i went into the real world with the white principles, there was that culture clash. i am mexican-american. i have to have a blend of those values that works for me. john: in addition to individual actions, saving, investing in a retirement fund, are there structural problems but also keep latinos from building wealth? >> absolutely, especially in the financial planning wld. it is set up in a way where you want to cater to the richest. if latinos do not have large wealth, that does not make them as attractive of a client.

they can be overlooked and passed up for wealthier clients. john: you say how many of the advice books are written by white men. do you think you have a special connection to the latino community? >> absolutely. i have my lived experience. i have a lot of common sayings that connect with our culture. my book came out in january. it already has over 200 five-star amazon reviews with most saying i could not relate to the other books, this when i finally understood, and i'm so excited to get started on my money journey. john: you also talk about resiliency. explain that. >> resiliency runs through our veins as the children of immigrants. we do not have much of a leg up in life. we do not haveenerational wealth. even generational knowledge. the families do not benefit from being in this country several centuries. just knowing how financial aid works and a credit card works,

these are things our parents were struggling to learn, so we have to learn to be resilient and do a lot of first on our own. be the first in our family to go to college, to work in corporate aces. do the first in our family to learn how to accumulate wealth. a lot of us were translators as children for our parents who did not speak the language at doctors appointments and school meetings. john: thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. ♪ john: if you have a toddler in your life, chances are you know the name sandra boynton. reading her board books two little ones at bedtime is part of the nightly ritual in homes across america. we recently went to see her on her farm in connecticut, a visit that is tonight's weekend spotlight.

welcome to the whimsical world of sandra boynton, a place where pigg's seeing, hippos go to parties, and chickens stand at the gate. she has written books that have sold nearly 90 million copies and to the new york times bestsellers list. their displays in bookstores and sections in libraries. her first book has been imprint 47 years. >> i was -5 when i wrote it. it has been amazing. john: and delightful for the scores of children who love her books. they are distinguished by her distinct drawings, clever wordplay and lack of simplified vocabulary. you are not writing down to them. your characters do not walk, they prance. >> it is funny that people think children need a limited language.

allords are new to children. they should be percussive, interesting, and intriguing. john: unlike some children's books, her books do not try to teach. >> of course you learn things from them but i am not looking to manifestly give a lesson. john: your main al is something the reader will enjoy. that enjoyment is felt as much by adults reading them aloud as the children listen to them. >> one thing that drives me crazy and some children's books is they do not read well out loud. why would you not keep working on it until it sounded right? john: who does she write for? >> first and foremost, they are for me. very soon, i had my own children. it was a great luxury to be able to write them for my own children. i knew what would make them laugh and want to turn the page. it was a collaboration, the best

you can have. john: how long have you been on the farm? >> we have been here 43 years. john: she lives and works on a secluded northwest connecticut farm where she raised a family with her husband who died in 2014. >> it is a very old farmhouse. 1728 is on the incorporation maps, so earlier than that. john: it is a long way from her beginnings designing and selling her own greeting cards in college because she could not find cards she wanted to send. >> you really could not find cards where you say this would delight someone and i would be proud to send it. john: besides, she thought it was a better way to earn money then her summer waitressing job. this is the card people most associate with your cards? >> yes. hippo birdy to you.

john: on tuesday, her latest title comes out. it is a holiday picture book with a cd reflect in her lifelong passion for music. >> when maleness went off to kindergarten, i wanted to make children's music that was music so that the adults would not want to leave the room when it was on. >> ♪ rhinoceros tap ♪ john: that was her first song released in 1996. she has sold more than 3 million c.d.'s been nominated for a grammy. she says it has been a dream come true. >> i never thought i would be able to work with most of my musical heroes. john:ike the late b.b. king. >> ♪ >> it turned out that his manager had little grandchildren

and said, yes. it has not been a hard sell. i think it has to do with connecting with people through children. >> ♪ that's right i'm santa claus ♪ ♪ john: and now, a holiday album, something she resisted. >> i was terrified to do a holiday album. it is centuries worth of music. there are so many classics. where could i fit into that? john: of course, these are not your typical holiday songs. the voices on the c.d. include lyle lovett, broadway star patti lupone, and actress zooey deschanel. >> ♪ john: she went to yale drama school to be a theater director and says she feels right at home

in the recording studio. >> i am not good at a lot of things. i am not a natural artist. i am a terrible dancer. but this is what i am good at. john: her legions of fans think boynton is very good at the drawing and writing she has been doing since the early 1970's, a long run she sees no point in ending wit retirement. >> what would i want to do instead? i cannot even think of what that would be. i just feel so fortunate because i have gotten to do whatever i want to do. and i am still having just as much fun as i ever have. ♪ john: that is " pbs news weekend" for ts saturday. thanks for joining us. see you tomorrow. >> major funding have been

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