amna: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. geoff: and i'm geoff bennett. on the "news hour" tonight -- >> so help me god. geoff: donald trump takes the oath of office and begins his second term as president of the united states. amna: swiftly announced in a host of measures aimed at implementing his energy, economic and immigration agendas. >> i will send troops to the

southern border to repel the disasterous invasion of our country. geoff: and with the world's eyes on the u.s., we speak with the former head of nato about how president trump could affect the future of the alliance and conflicts around the globe. >> i recommend to do the same as we did the last time president trump was president and that is to engage and to sit down and discuss. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs news hour has been provided by -- >> on an american cruise lines journey, along the legendary mississippi river, travelers explore civil war battlefields and historic riverside towns. aboard our fleet of american riverboats, you can experience local culture and cuisine, and

discover the music and history of the mighty mississippi. american cruise lines, proud sponsor of pbs news hour. >> the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the news hour including leonard and norma, and the judy and peter blum kovler foundation. >> the william and flora hewlett pou foundation, advancing ideas and exploring institutions to promote a better world. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. geoff: welcome to the "news hour." donald trump has returned to office as the nation's 47th president. his inauguration today marked the first time since grover cleveland that a u.s. president will serve non-consecutive terms. the first time in 40 years an inauguration had to be held indoors because of freezing temperatures amna: president trump's second term officially kickstarts with an ambitious and controversial agenda that will bring mass deportations, aggressive tariffs on imports from competitors and allies alike, and a promise of retribution against political foes that led to last-minute

pardons from outgoing president joe biden. laura barron-lopez reports. >> preserve, protect, and defend. >> preserve, protect, and defend. >> the constitution of the united states. >> the constitution of the united states. >> so help me god. >> so help me god. >> congratulations, mr. president. laura: president donald trump's improbable comeback now complete. >> i stand before you now as proof that you should never believe that something is impossible to do. in america, the impossible is what we do best. laura: from attempting to overurn the legitimate election results four years ago to embattled criminal defendant and convicted felon to president of the united states once more. today marked a political turnaround not seen in modern times. trump's second inauguration also had an atmosphere not seen in decades. outside, the west front of the capitol, where inaugural ceremonies are typically held stood nearly empty. with a temperature below freezing, the cold weather moved the inaugural ceremonies indoors

for the first time in 40 years, where trump took the oath of office in the capitol rotunda. images that echoed ronald reagan's second inauguration. trump had previewed a theme of unity for his address. but his messages quickly changed to one of condemnation. while his predecessor, joe biden, sat feet away. >> as we gather today, our government confronts a crisis of trust. for many years, a radical and corrupt establishment has extracted power and wealth from our citizens while the pillars of our society lay broken and seemingly in complete disrepair. laura: it was a theme reminiscent of his message eight years ago. >> this american carnage stops right here and stops right now. laura: this time, trump claimed his mission was divine. >> just a few months ago, in a

beautiful pennsylvania field, an assassin's bullet ripped through my ear. but, i felt then, and believe even more so now, that my life was saved for a reason. i was saved by god to make america great again. laura: promising to completely and totally reverse the biden era, trump put particular focus on the justice system. >> never again will the immense power of the state be weaponized to persecute political opponents, something i know something about. we will not allow that to happen. it will not happen again under my leadership. laura: he pledged quick deployment of troops to the southern border for a crackdown. >> all illegal entry will immediately be halted, and we will begin the process of returning millions and millions of criminal aliens back to the places from which they came.

laura: and, following on his anti-transgender campaign promises, trump railed against what he's called gender ideology. >> it will henceforth be the official policy of the united states government that there are only two genders, male and female. laura: in the audience were former presidents, former speakers and a who's who of trump's cabinet nominees. even former vice president mike pence attended, in the very capitol halls where january 6 rioters chanted "hang mike pence." attendees also included notable foreign dignitaries, including adversaries. china sent its vice president, and billionaire tech moguls, including amazon's jeff bezos, meta's mark zuckerberg, apple's tim cook, and one of trump's closest advisers, elon musk. >> so help me god. >> congratulations, mr. vice president. laura: it was an historic day for running mate jd vance as well, sworn in as the first millennial and the third-youngest vice president ever to serve. thousands of people waited in

line throughout the day hoping to catch a glimpse of the president-elect. but many had to settle to watch the festivities inside local restaurants, like jack's deli, where the mood was still one of excitement. >> so, it was it was disappointing that i couldn't see in person, but i think it was i think it was still worth it. >> he's brought a lot of excitement, woke a lot of people up. so it's not really like voting for a political party. it's voting for turning the political system upside down on its head. >> i want to see the economy thrive. and i want to see my daughter participate and the direction of politics. laura: in spite of trump's criticisms against him, for outgoing president biden, the day began and ended restoring the traditions of a peaceful transfer of power. hosting the trumps for tea before arriving at the capitol together. and, standing alongside the first spouses on the capitol's east front before biden's

honorary departure. >> we're leaving office. we're not leaving the fight. laura: for his final acts in office, biden ordered preemptive pardons to a number of trump's most high-profile targets -- dr. anthony fauci, retired general mark milley, as well as liz cheney and other members of the house january 6 committee. biden also pardoned members of his family from trump's threats of prosecution and revenge. meanwhile, in remarks to his supporters, trump again promised pardons for some of the rioters who violently stormed the capitol four years ago. >> i was going to talk about the j6 hostages, but you'll be happy, because you know it's action, not words that count, and you're gonna see a lot of action on the j6 hostages. laura: president trump is moving quickly to the business of governing. expected to issue a flurry of executive orders in his first day. among them, declaring a national emergency at the border,

intending to send the armed forces there to enforce it. also declaring a national energy emergency, ending president biden's strict pollution standards for tailpipe emissions. and, ending all diversity and inclusion initiatives across the federal government. many of these executive actions are expected to see legal challenges. amna: laura joins us now from the white house, along with lisa desjardins at the capitol and stephanie sy at capitol one arena in washington, d.c. where trump supporters gathered for a watch party after the inauguration was moved indoors. stephanie, let's begin with you. give us a sense of what it's been inside the arena, what you heard from trump supporters and how they reacted when they finally saw president trump. stephanie: all day, these 20,000 trump supporters that have been packed into capital one arena have kind of been on the sidelines watching the

inauguration festivities on a livestreaming screen. now, the party is here. president trump is in the house. he scheduled to speak shortly. the parade just ended. it was a joyful, jubilant, optimistic display of americana. high school marching bands from trump's hometown, palm beach, new york city. i will just mention, just a feeling of optimism and hope. these are people that have waited for 24 hours in some cases to see the president in person. when he and jd vance walked through, they walked in between the stands. they came out from the crowds. vice president vance was holding his baby girl in his arms. the crowd is extremely happy to see barron trump, for some reason. all in all, even though it has been a tiresome day for a lot of

the folks here, they've been relatively patient waiting for the president. and certainly, a sense of celebration among all the folks here. geoff: there was a now controversial moment earlier today where elon musk gave these back to back gestures that people are saying mimicked a nazi salute. we can see it there. elon musk has not directly addressed this but he appeared to edit out the gesture from the video he posted on x, the platform he owns. help us understand what transpired. >> it is interesting that elon musk does not appear to be on the podium with the president now even though he was with him throughout the day. i don't know if that was scheduled or not. we did see mr. musk during that speech and we saw the gesture. i don't know whether the audience here interpreted it the way it was subsequently interpreted on social media. it certainly appears to be a heil hitler. at the time, what he was saying,

we went back to the transcript and i remember him saying it, he was saying "my heart goes out to you." he was gesturing to his chest and then there was the hand straight out, which harkens back for a lot of folks to the nazi salute. we didn't see that reaction here. there was not a gasp or a pause or any even reinforcement of the gesture. so, it is a little hard to tell from where we sat, the meaning of it. geoff: ok, stephanie, thanks to you. amna: let's turn to laura at the white house. it has already been a busy few hours since president trump took office. we have seen a flurry of executive orders. breakdown what we've seen and what we will see. laura: the new white house announced 10 executive orders focused on the border and immigration. some of those key orders include the declaration of a national emergency at the border that

gives trump the ability to deploy armed forces and national guard, additional forces. another executive action ends asylum and immediately to ports arrivals -- deports arrivals. and one that would attempt to end birthright citizenship. those are some of the main ones. he's also reinstating the remain in mexico policy from his first term which requires asylum-seekers to wait out there cases in mexico. he's also going to suspend refugee resettlement for at least four months. geoff: how legally feasible are these executive orders? laura: president trump has brought ability to declare a national emergency at the border. he used to those powers to use military construction for the border wall during his first term. it was challenged then and considered illegal by some of the courts.

when it comes to his executive action to attempt to end birthright citizenship, my producer and i spoke to many legal scholars and constitutional scholars who says that is a violation of the 14th amendment. it will likely be stopped by a federal judge at least initially. i also spoke with a former ice official and immigration lawyers who told me that in the meantime, trump could direct the state department and immigration services to stop issuing passports to those children of undocumented parents and pressure states to stop issuing birth certificates. big picture is that most of these orders are designed to test the limits of the constitution and federal statutes. amna: from your reporting, have are we seeing the impact of some of these actions already? laura: today, amna, the trump administration ended the biden administration's cbp one app,

canceling existing appointments. that app was used by migrants to get appointments for legal entry into the united states. already, the aclu has filed a motion against the trump administration for ending the use of the app, saying in the filing that the right to seek asylum at the border no longer exists. they filed that insight an existing lawsuit that they have against the biden administration asylum restrictions, but the actions today have also created fear and some confusion. our colleague, ryan connolly holmes spoke to undocumented migrants in chicago. one woman had been in the u.s. for 26 years, about the anxiety she's experiencing. >> i am scared. i am scared. it's ugly. this week, i do not plan on going out. i don't know when will it happen, but anything to stay

indoors, in my home. i'll stay in to avoid this type of insecurity of going out to the streets and not knowing what will happen to you. this is a constant worry, it's ugly. it's as if there was a mouse living in your home. the mouse will only come out when it knows you're not near. laura: another undocumented migrant in chicago told us she cannot return to her country of origin for fear of dying and says she's worried that if she and her husband are deported, they might be separated from their children. amna: laura, thanks. geoff: let's go over to capitol hill where we find lisa desjardins. some other issues are energy and the economy. what does president trump promise to do on both of those fronts? alisa: a white house official said the first agenda for the

economy is energy. as laura reported, first the president will declare a national energy emergency. secondly on electric vehicles, trump will end the biden emissions standards. some of those to go into effect in the out years, but that is the mandate cars can no longer have emissions and help electric vehicles. third, there will be a separate order unalaska. you might be asking what are the details? we don't have that yet. when asked to this morning on a call, trump officials would not give the details yet but they did say that energy is the way to bring down prices writ large. the other economic issue for members of congress is taxes. president trump did not mention that in his inauguration speech but that is something they are working on here, potential tax cuts. amna: the republican-led congress is meeting tonight so take us through the business they hope to be able to tackle in this first week. lisa: the joint is jumping here.

the senate is now voting on what may be first bill that president trump consigned, the lakin reilly. it does need to go back to the house. i expect that to move pretty quickly after this vote tonight in the house. let's talk about nominations. cabinet agencies are under acting leadership. let's talk about the five nominees that are moving the most quickly. these are all nominees we expect to get votes today. senator rubio, now secretary of state nominee, has gone through committee. so has pete hegseth for defense. finally, john ratcliffe, cia director, also passed out of committee a short time ago. the other two in the middle could be imminent. we could expect secretary of state vote on the senate floor tonight. amna: lisa on capitol hill. laura at the white house.

and stephanie sy at the capital one arena. thanks to you all. ♪ amna: president trump is expected to issue a record number of executive orders by the end of his first day in office. for a closer look at the power of these orders and their limits, we're joined by andrew rudalevige, professor of government at bowdoin college and author of "the new imperial presidency." welcome to the news hour. broadly speaking, just educate us, what doesn't executive action give the president authority to do? how is it different than a law? andrew: an executive order or a different kind of presidential directive, there's a whole category of them. it basically gives the president the ability to try to implement the law and a way that is consonant with his preferences.

it is part of the power of faithful execution of the law under the constitution. so, the power of an executive order does not extend past with the constitution or the existing statute already allows the president to do. obviously, different presidents interpret those earlier statutes differently. that is one reason we will see shifts in emphasis. the power itself is implementing the law. amna: do you see these as potentially being statements of intent, more messaging tools, or do they always actually inspire some sort of immediate action or change? andrew: it will be a lot of all of the above honestly. some of them will have immediate impact, certainly revoking president biden's orders will happen immediately. if president trump is making changes to the executive office of the president organizationally, declaring emergencies will happen quickly. that is a power congress has given the president. others will be plans to make plans.

bringing down the cost of living will be something he directs but cannot happen without a lot of policy change across the administration. others are going to be effectively press releases. the president saying i want to do care but nothing might happe. others are probably lawsuit bait, really. the 14th amendment promise of birthright citizenship was mentioned earlier. the president has promised to save tiktok but it is unclear if that is congruent with the law that has been passed. again, i think you will see a lot of legal challenges, a lot of pr, and some real action in some kind of proportion. amna: the declaration of a national emergency specifically, help us understand how that changes the authority that the president has and can enact change on issues like immigration and energy? andrew: right. viewers may be surprised to know we are living under dozens of

national emergencies at the moment. the national emergencies act in the 1970's closed down that those were existing at the point would allow the president to declare many others. there are laws that govern the way those can be issued, but it is pretty much within the president's purview. there does not have to be a national emergency for the president to declare one. so, once one is declared, different standby powers that are in existing statutes are activated. it is a way of unlocking authority that exists already. you remember the southern border emergency in president trump's first term, that allowed him to access some funds for military construction which he could repurpose for a border wall. amna: as many presidents have done previously, there is the active revoking executive orders put into place by previous presidents. what happens there? is the impact immediate? andrew: yeah.

again, agencies probably are not acting too rapidly on 2021 executive orders at this point. yeah, there's a housekeeping exercise here where presidents tend to get rid of a lot of the predecessor's order. biden certainly did that. when he was accused of issuing too many orders, he said i am just getting rid of all the bad ones. i expect president trump will say something similar when he revokes a number of biden's orders. amna: andrew, thank you so much for joining us. we appreciate your time. andrew: thank you. ♪ geoff: donald trump, now the first convicted felon sworn in as commander in chief, is reportedly planning to issue a sweeping series of pardons for defendants charged in the january 6, 2021 attack on the u.s. capitol.

that's as joe biden, in one of his final acts as president this morning, issued preemptive pardons to dr. anthony fauci, retired general mark milley and members of the house committee that investigated the january 6 attack on the capitol to prevent potential revenge by the new trump administration. for more, let's bring in mary mccord. she's a former acting assistant attorney general for national security and now teaches at georgetown law school. thank you for being back with us. so, when donald trump says he plans to issue a sweeping set of pardons for the january 6 rioters, and he's reportedly planning to commute the prison sentences of hundreds of his supporters who have been convicted of violent attacks against law enforcement on january 6, what are the implications of that? mary: well, i think it really does damage to our criminal legal system. pardons are certainly given by presidents of both parties. we have seen some unusual uses

of pardons recently which i know we will talk about, but when we are talking about people like the january 6 attackers, over 1200 of which have been convicted, 1000 of those have pled guilty, another 250 or more have been found guilty after a trial. normally in those types of situations, a pardon is an act of mercy when someone, the person convicted has changed their life for the better, served a substantial amount of time. there has been mitigating circumstances that make a president feel like it would be unfair to continue to incarcerate that person. sometimes it is because sentencing laws have changed and people sentenced under old regimes are serving would now seem to be draconian sentences. this is very different. if you listen to what president trump says, it is not about an act of mercy and forgiveness for what people have done that it violates a law. it is part of his entire false

narrative that there was no crime. that this was a peaceful protest and those who have been charged and convicted our hostages. it does real damage to our criminal justice system. each one of these defendants have had due process of law. they've had attorneys to counsel them. they've had jury trials. their constitutional rights have been respected. it is part of our appearance to the rule of law that those are not the types of people you will give blanket pardons to, or even in the case of commutations. geoff: let's talk separately about the pardons that president biden issued this morning as one of his final acts. high-profile trump targets, dr. anthony fauci eat, mark milley, members of the january 6 attack committee. also, including his siblings and siblings-in-law, given that someone on the right said they should be prosecuted. novel use of the presidential pardon power.

what questions does this raise? mary: this is also extraordinary. as president biden said, this was because of the exceptional circumstances we are in where donald trump and those around him have repeatedly over the course of the campaign and the last four years talked about retribution. talked about going after those who have come after him and actually named many of these people by name. named mark milley, named anthony fauci, and other members of the january 6 committee. he felta a moral obligation to try to protect them from unfounded, baseless prosecutions. even though, ultimately, there are guardrails in the system that would prevent them from being convicted. it can be expensive and emotionally and psychologically incredibly draining for the

person whose targeted and their families if you are put through an investigation that is utterly baseless. it was extraordinary. similarly with his family members, it is concerned about retribution and that concerned is well-founded because it is something that donald trump and others close to him, including his nominee for the fbi director, have threatened. geoff: understanding the concern, what is the precdent that is set by handing out pardons to people that have yet to be convicted, not even investigated for a crime? mary: so, there is some precedent for something like this, including president carter's blanket pardons for draft dodgers after vietnam. including people who were not even identified by the government or investigated. as you indicated with the previous question which i now realize i did not fully answer,

there are clear questions that could be raised. one of those questions is does the person have to accept the pardon for it to be effective? and if it is accepted, with that preclude -- with ould that mean the person does not have any fifth amendment rights if they were to be testifying in a different proceeding? the supreme court has held a person can reject a pardon. the case rejecting it was a case where the recipient of the pardon rejected it. there are some questions to be raised, but right now, we will have to wait and see whether there are any investigations launched. geoff: mary mccord, thank you for being with us this evening. ♪

amna: for more inauguration analysis, we turn to our politics monday duo. that's amy walter of "the cook political report with amy walter" and tamara keith of npr. great to see you both. amy, we were speaking earlier about how the idea that american politics is different, the republican party is different. perceptions of mr. trump have changed over time. amy: it is remarkable looking at what has now been a 10 year political career of donald trump where he started when he came down that escalator to where he is today. where he was at this .4 years ago, sitting about 36% favorable rating, one of the lowest for a one term president in modern history. certainly, most folks would have thought that was the end of donald trump's political career. today, he comes into office with, for the first time, really in the history of his time as president, with a higher favorable than unfavorable

rating, slightly. somewhere around 47%, 48%. it is not like he's jumped up into the stratosphere in terms of opinions about him. i think how people view him now is with really clear-eyed. they are clear eyed about who he is, even though they may not like him personally. they do expect him to deliver on the promises that he put forward, especially on immigration and on the economy. as i said, it is not a deep well of goodwill but it is a bigger well of goodwill that he had either in 2017, certainly then at this point. amna: the entire trump team is coming at better prepared than they did back in 2017. he surrounded himself with none of the establishment members he had before. tell us about the folks around him now. tamara: he has surrounded himself with people who are loyal to him and loyal to the

maga way. susie wiles is the chief of staff and she's coming in running things -- she also helped run his campaign. the idea, at least, and we will see if it holds, is that she's running it in a more structured fashion. there are not the feuding factions within the white house, the feuding power centers that there were before. there is not a steve bannon walking around. however, there are people like stephen miller who will be a deputy chief of staff, but also leading national security and immigration focused. he spent four years out of office focused on coming up with ways to enact his agenda and trump's agenda on immigration and came in ready with all these executive actions we are expecting from president trump. many of them could face legal challenges too, but they came in ready with a focus on that. also, the office of management

and budget. he has spent four years thinking about how to enact policy through this very powerful office that no one things about very often, the office of management and budget. amna: we have already seen day one, one team member leave. that is vivek. he was originally paired with elon musk to run this department of government efficiency commission. they announced hours after president trump was sworn in, he would no longer have that role. amy: he's apparently planning to run for office in ohio. it depends on how you count. is it a scaramucci or 1/11th of a scaramucci? the department of government efficiency was announced a couple months ago. there are really big questions about it. it is not actually a department of the government. it is an outside advisory group that has within moments of trump being sworn in faces a lawsuit

from a number of groups, labor unions and others, arguing it is operating outside of the rules for government advisory groups. it's certainly having one less leader at the top does increase the efficiency of the department of government efficiency, even though it is not a department. tamara: the one thing i would also add his washington has changed a lot since 2017 in terms of, as tam pointed out, the tines of people he has around him. amy: congress, 68% of members of the house have been elected since 2016. when we talk about norm busting, for so many of these folks, this is their normal. there's nothing odd about the way donald trump is behaving. so much about washington and the way people consume information has changed. the way that people are getting their information from social media or from other news sources that are not traditional media is even more profound than it

was back then. what has not changed his donald trump. i think he still the same person we should expect the same kind of behavior. the disruption, the chaos, the speaking off-the-cuff, the not staying really focused on the things his staff may want to be focused on. and what the real question is going to be, whether or not americans and those around him decide that those same behaviors are something they can live with or whether they want something different. tamara: there was a fair bit of self seven sabotage that happend during the first term. there's only so much inexperience chief of staff can manage when the principal is the one who sometimes goes very far off message, changes policies, announces policy before it is ready to go. amna: if day one is any indication, we shall see. always great to see you both. thank you. ♪

geoff: president trump promises to remake american foreign policy and today vowed that the state department will have, in his words, an america-first foreign policy. nick schifrin looks at how the world is watching the inauguration of the 47th president. nick: much of the world has responded with congratulations today, from the chinese foreign ministry to canadian prime minister justin trudeau, to israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu who vowed victory over iran with trump's help. but after trump said in his inaugural address that panama had "violated the spirit of the treaty that governs the canal," panamanian president jose mulino said, "dialogue is always the way to clarify the points mentioned without undermining our right, total sovereignty and ownership of our canal." in europe, there were also regards to the new president, but leaders also took the opportunity to pledge change and debate the future of the war in ukraine. to discuss that, we turn to jens stoltenberg, the most-recent

secretary general of nato, who will become the chairman of the munich security conference next month. thank you and welcome back to the news hour. let's start in ukraine. today, president zelenskyy made a statement that said trump's peace through strength provides an opportunity to strengthen american leadership and achieve a long-term and just peace. russian president putin said he welcome to trump's statement to restore direct contact and prevent world war iii. do you believe this is the right time to talk peac in the e in ukraine and you think the trumpet ministration will help ukraine achieve justice? nick: it is too early to tell. jens: what is obvious as we all want this war to end. we know the quickest way of ending the war is to lose the war. that will not bring peace. that will bring occupations. the challenge is to ensure ukraine is able to end the war in the way that ukraine prevails

as a sovereign nation and the only way to do that is to tell president putin that will not win on the battlefield and that means we need to provide literacy up or for ukraine, and arm and strengthen the ukrainians so they can deter future aggression. nick: before he became president, president trump said he understood why russia did not want ukraine "on its doorstep in nato," suggesting he would reverse decades of u.s. open-door policy of european countries to join nato. is that a mistake? jens: i am from norway and norway is a small country bordering russia. the only european country bordering the soviet union when nato was established in 1949. russia and moscow did not like that. they said it was a provocation, but the other allies set if norway wants to join, norway is welcome. now sweden and finland have

decided and are now full members of the alliance. it is the right of every free, independent nation to choose its own path. that includes what kind of security arrangements it wants to be part of. therefore, nato's doors should remain open and we should continue to pursue the open-door policy. nick: i have talked to multiple senior european leaders over the past few months and they all say they want to work with the trump administration on ukraine, nato, even places like lebanon where the administration will need european help, but they warned if the trump administration poses more tariffs on europe, that cooperation would be more difficult. do you agree? jens: yes, i think that is a factual thing. i understand the united states and other allies are concerned about trade over and -- overdependence on raw materials, products from other countries.

overdependence on russian gas, rare earth minerals from china. it is a total different thing to be concerned about the free-trade among free nations. i strongly believe -- among friends and allies -- we are 50% of the world global economy and we should have free-trade. that will increase growth. it will make us all richer. therefore, i think we should not impose tariffs against allies, but keep our economies open to each other. nick: brussels does plan economic countermeasures if the trump administration chooses tariffs. with that trade war imperil transatlantic cooperation? jens: it would weaken the transatlantic bond because it is about security and defense. european allies are stepping up more. the transatlantic bond is also

about trade. again, i believe that we are getting richer, more wealthy, all of us when we trade. nick: finally, we went back to the archive and found this moment for a breakfast you held with the former president in 2018. >> but germany, as far as i am concerned, is captive to russia because it is getting so much energy from russia. we are supposed to protect germany, but they are getting their energy from russia. explain that. it cannot be explained. nick: you have worked with trump for years. what do you recommend to fellow european leaders who are about to work with him as president for the next four years? jens: i recommend to do the same as we did last time president trump was president. not saying everything will be easy, but friends and allies should sit down, discuss, engage and find common ground, also on the issues where there are disagreements.

nick: thank you very much. jens: thanks so much for having me. ♪ geoff: we start the day's other headlines in the middle east. israeli hostages have been reuniting with their loved ones, as a two-day-old ceasefire between israel and hamas looks to be holding. israeli authorities released video today of the three hostages freed in yesterday's swap meeting with their mothers. among them is 28-year-old emily damari, who said today that she feels like she's returned to life. hospital officials say all three women are in stable condition. meantime in gaza, displaced palestinians began returning to their homes. many of them arrived to find their houses and neighborhoods in ruin. >> we were staying in tents in khan yunis. we came to our house but found

destruction, everything was destroyed. there is no place to live. there is no furniture or anything. geoff: humanitarian aid trucks are flowing into gaza as part of the ceasefire agreement. video from rafah showed people grabbing supplies from delivery vehicles as they were still moving. u.n. officials say that more than 900 aid trucks crossed into gaza today. that's on top of the 630 that went in a day earlier. a british teen pleaded guilty today to murdering three girls and wounding 10 other people at a taylor swift-themed dance class in england last summer. axel rudakubana entered the surprise plea as jury selection was set to begin for his trial in liverpool. the 18-year-old faces life imprisonment when he's sentenced on thursday. the attack set off a week of rioting across parts of england and northern ireland after the suspect was falsely identified as an asylum seeker. he was actually born in wales. here at home, the bitter cold that forced the presidential inauguration indoors today is

stretching far beyond washington, d.c. more than 230 million americans have been under some form of winter weather alert, as a so-called arctic blast brings low temperatures as far west as the rockies through the northern plains and the tip of maine. snow blanketed many parts of the country over the weekend, including in southeastern pennsylvania. in michigan, wintry conditions contributed to a pile-up of more than a dozen vehicles on a major highway. even the south won't be spared. rare winter storm warnings are in place tonight along the gulf coast. in southern california, fierce santa ana winds were back on the forecast today, which could complicate efforts to douse the wildfires that began nearly two weeks ago. officials say today's gusts could exceed 80 miles per hour in some areas. the national weather service is warning of a particularly dangerous situation through tomorrow morning. firefighters are hoping the conditions won't undo much of the progress they've made. at last check, the palisades

fire was 59% contained and the eaton fire was 87% contained. financial markets and most government offices were closed today to honor the martin luther king, jr. federal holiday. many mlk events took place over the weekend, though there were still a few today, including a rally at the south carolina statehouse hosted by the naacp. the chair of the national democratic committee, jamie harrison, delivered the keynote speech. mlk day has now coincided with inauguration day three times since it became law roughly four decades ago. it happened today, of course, but also when bill clinton and barack obama were sworn in for their second terms. and, women's rights activist and former president of planned parenthood, cecile richards, has died. her family announced the news, saying "our hearts are broken today but no words can do justice to the joy she brought to our lives." richards led planned parenthood for more than a decade, often defending it from political attacks. she later stepped down to lead a group to mobilize female voters.

richards was diagnosed with an aggressive form of brain cancer in 2023. then-president biden honored richards with the presidential medal of freedom last year. today, he called her a "leader of utmost character." cecile richards was 67 years old. ♪ >> this is the pbs news hour from the david m. rubenstein studio at weta in washington, and from the west at the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. geoff: in 1987, journalist juan williams helped illuminate the civil rights movement with "eyes on the prize," a groundbreaking book that brought history to life and became an essential chronicle of the fight for racial equality. that book was paired with a groundbreaking pbs documentary of the same name. now, nearly four decades later, williams returns with "new prize for these eyes," a powerful and timely update that looks at the

new 21st-century civil rights movement. juan williams, welcome to the "news hour." juan: my pleasure, geoff. thanks for having me. geoff: what about this current moment inspired you to write a follow-up to your 1987 book, "eyes on the prize?" juan: you know, boy, in 1987, that's a way back. geoff: almost 40 years ago juan: yeah, exactly. so 40 years ago, i wrote "eyes on the prize: america's civil rights years," and it was accompanying a pbs special of the same name that was a great success. so now, 40 years later, here i am. and i'm saying to you, i think we're in the midst of a second civil rights movement. and i've written a book called "new prize for these eyes: america's second civil right, the rise of america's second civil rights movement." and the key here is that if you think about "eyes on the prize and the civil rights movement,"" the mid-20th century, in some ways it could be summed up in three words, "we shall overcome." and in the focus there is on attaining basic rights through

legislation. people marching in the streets. ok, fast forward to 2025 and here we are with black lives matter. and what do we see? black lives matter in terms of marches? well, goodness gracious, thousands of marches with millions of people, as opposed to, say, even the great march on washington, when dr. king, which had 250,000 people. so, we're seeing right now a movement that's much larger and it's 24/7. it's on the internet. it's tweets. it's memes. it's viral messages, viral images, and all about living while black. if you think back to the george floyd case, what really got that going was the video image of the nine minutes of the policeman with his knee on george floyd's neck. so in this moment, i thought, you know, there's a lot going on here that people don't think of as a civil rights movement. and this movement is distinct from the first movement. it's all about not passing legislation, but about people

gaining voice and saying this is what it's like to be black, to be latino, to be a woman in this age. and it's changing the way we think about america because these people are having their own voice. it's a new conversation. it's a new movement. geoff: distinct and new. but what historical patterns and parallels stand out to you? juan: well, obviously, i mentioned marching. obviously, the marches of back then were meant to have an impact. and you see marches today. so, there would be some parallel there. although as i pointed out to you, these marches today are much larger and have in some ways, i think, much more impact. the conversation we're having now as compared to then is not about can we pass a civil rights act? can we pass a voting rights act? can we get enough votes to do it? now the conversation is and this is pushing forward, what is the norm for america? where are we going forward on this conversation of race? is it ok to have a conversation about diversity, equity and inclusion in terms of hiring? how about in terms of cultural

representation? do we need to have that conversation? what about curriculum and what goes on in the schools? should we be teaching people about oftentimes disturbing, even unpleasant and cruel history, or is that something that's going to make children upset? and we don't need to do it. do we have in the politics a real conversation? republican party right now is overwhelmingly a white people's party. it's 80-plus percent white. look at the vote for donald trump, overwhelmingly white. look at the vote for kamala harris. joe biden, strongly black. we saw some decrease in terms of black men and latino men. but still, it's like 80% of black and latinos, blacks anyway voted for the democrats. so, yes, these conversations have parallels, but you see the emerging difference from that first movement. geoff: one of the takeaways from the last election is that many

of the efforts to advance social justice struck many americans as too confrontational, too judgmental. that many of the activists and advocates misread and miscalibrated where the american public stands on a lot of these social justice issues. you did a lot of the writing and reporting of this book well before the election, but what have you picked up in your in your conversations and what are your takeaways on that front? juan: you know, geoff, that's such a fascinating question because i'm a journalist, basically. i'm not an historian. oftentimes, people, i think, you know, not just journalists, but just the casual observer of the news, you lose focus because things come so quickly, especially these days from so many different sources. but i think that right now, if you focus and say, i see the dots connecting, i see how things are impacting us, you would have to say that we are moving towards a moment where that if there is a second movement, there has to be a third movement. because right now people seeing donald trump's election and seeing all the arguments that we're all too much of this

identity politics and too much of this dei, diversity, inclusion that you would say, well, how do they reinvent that circle or that machine? i can't necessarily tell you that story, but i can tell you this, that based on what i've seen, the politics have to change. oftentimes, activists in the past have been sort of discontented with politics and politicians, even a great one like barack obama. but now, they're going to have to understand what compromise means. now, they're going to have to start to work to build alliances. now, they're going to have to work to see where it is that you can reach out to the majority of trump voters and say there's common interest in understanding why the races, the ethnicities, come together to form one america. geoff: what do you envision as the ultimate prize for this new movement and what does it with those achieving it look like? juan: so, you know, one of the interesting things and this goes

back to what we were talking about earlier in the conversation about media and, you know, so many voices emerging is the living while black or latino quality of it that people, young people, my kids, your kids would have a sense, you know what, i have an equal opportunity in this country. i don't feel put upon or stigmatized by the color of my skin or my name being foreign sounding or anything like that. i think that that is the prize is that you would say in america, it doesn't matter who you are or where you came from. if you have the heart and the drive and the mind and the spirit, you can do it, the common humanity, i think that remains the prize. geoff: the book is "new prize for these eyes: the rise of america's second civil rights movement." juan williams, it's great to have you here. juan: thanks, jeff. thanks for having me. as you know, "eyes on the prize" was a pbs project, so i am so pleased to be here. geoff: a full circle moment. juan: i tell you.

♪ amna: senate voted to confirm the first of president trump's cabinet members, former senator marco rubio received the unanimous vote to become secretary of state. geoff: this a lot more online from the first day of president donald trump's second presidency, including the full video of the yanagi ration and his speech tonight. that's at pbs.org/newshour. amna: and that's the "news hour" for tonight. i'm amna nawaz. geoff: and i'm geoff bennett. thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for the pbs news hour has been provided by -- >> a proud supporter of public television. on a voyage, the world awwaits. a world of flavor, diverse destinations, and immersive

experiences. a world of leisure. and british style. all with white star service. >> in 1995, two friends set out to make wireless coverage accessible to all. with no long-term contract, nationwide coverage and 100% u.s.-based customer support. consumer cellular, freedom calls. >> the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation, committed to building a more just and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible

by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.]

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪