♪ john: tonight on pbs news weekend, as the u.s., canada and mexico move toward a north american trade war, we get the view from north of the border with the canadian ambassador to -- ambassador. then, the mental health toll of the devastating california wildfires as residents sift through the ashes of upended lives.

>> and i had seen a picture of the house, but that did nothing to give me any forewarning of what i was going to feel when i got here. and it just overtook me. john: and, why a deadly strain of bird flu is sending egg prices skyrocketing nationwide. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the news hour. ♪

>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. john: good evening. i'm john yang. president trump said today that americans may feel some pain as a result of the north american trade war that's emerging after he imposed sweeping tariffs on mexico and canada. but, mr. trump added, it would be worth the price. retaliatory tariffs were quickly announced by mexico, canada and china, which the president also targeted with import duties. last night, canadian prime minister justin trudeau had a stern warning for americans. >> this is a choice that, yes, will harm canadians, but beyond that, it will have real consequences for you, the american people. john: today, senate minority leader chuck schumer urged mr.

trump to reverse course before the tariffs take effect at 12:01 tuesday morning. >> you campaigned on lowering prices. you campaigned on this wallet. but your tariffs will have more money come out of this wallet for so many goods and services. john: the public reaction in canada has been especially strong. kirsten hillman is the canadian ambassador to the united states. madam ambassador, do you see a path to averting this before tuesday morning? kirsten: i have to hope there is always a path. the president put these tariffs in place in relation to concerns that he had at the border or has at the border. we've been working on that with him and his team since december. i think we've made incredible progress. we have had discussions up until last friday but there is always more to talk about so i'm hopeful.

we are seeing good engagement with his administration including his border czar. i hope there is a path out of this. john: is it clear what the president wants out of these talks? kirsten: we have to take him at his word. what he has said to us, what he's put in the executive order, is that he has concerns around border security. when it comes to the northern border on people crossing illegally we are less than 1% of the people that travel into the united states. for fentanyl, again, less than 1% of the fentanyl that enters the u.s. market comes from the northern border. very small numbers, but we're still working very hard on this because any amount of fentanyl entering either of our countries is too much. again, we've put $1.3 billion. we've got all sorts of partnerships that we're working on with the trump administration. we're off to china with our police force and members of the white house next week to try and get at the precursors issues, and we're ready to talk about anything else. we are open and we hope, we hope there's an off ramp here.

john: i know you have canadian three cabinet ministers in washington last week for the talks. are they still here and you say the talks went up until friday. are they hopeful that they'll reopen somehow? kirsten: that is up to the administration. we are here, ready to talk on any additional concerns that they may have in relation to the border. if there's anything that we haven't put in our plan, by all means let us know, but we've, put more boots on the ground, but more equipment, have new intelligence services. it has had an effect. in the last few months we've had an 89% drop in people crossing from canada into the united states illegally. john: the retaliatory tariffs, if this goes into effect on tuesday, what should american consumers expect? kirsten: we are your biggest customer. you sell more to us than the uk, china, france and japan combined. those are sales that support a

lot of businesses and a lot of jobs, and 8 million jobs here in the united states and canadians will look elsewhere for those products because a 25% price increase in today's world is probably too much for most people. americans who are trying to sell into the canadian market whose jobs depend on that can you know can expect some tough times. john: how is this resonating across canada? kirsten: canadians are perplexed. they don't understand why this is coming at us. one, we have addressed and have worked to address everything that the president is concerned of with respect to the border, as i said, small problems, but problems that we are willing to lean into, fully. we are your best customer, we are your friend, we are there for you and have been through wars, through domestic, you know, disasters through 9/11, through the hostage crisis in iran. we don't have a better friend

than the united states and there is no country that wants the u.s. to succeed more than canada. i think canadians are confused, perplexed, disappointed, but also ready to stand up for themselves and that you are definitely seeing across the country. john: no better friend than the united states. how do you think this is going to affect long-term relationship? kirsten: i don't know. i hope we will move past this quickly. we have almost people traveling half a million between our two countries every single day for school, for work, because they have holiday homes for family, and you've got to think that those ties are deep. you've got to see that those ties will bind us together, but this is a big test every this is tough and i think canadians are eager to find our path back to the fruitful partnership that we have in doing stuff together for the better good of both our countries. john: you've talked about canada offering things to the united states on these issues. can you characterize these talks

at all? is it canada offering , are the u.s. officials asking for anything? kirsten: the way it unfolded, the president expressed concern around illegal migration and fentanyl. we were able to get together with him, but also obviously his officials to go through the data about what is actually happening at the northern border. as i say, less than 1% of either of those are sourced out of canada. but on the other hand, these are important issues and canadians want a safe and secure border too, and so we said, ok, where do you feel there might be gaps? let's talk about that. we invested $1.3 billion in new equipment, new infrastructure, more people, but also these partnerships with the american law enforcement authorities so that we can get at some of these pernicious issues. i think that has all been received very well. i know because i have been in these meetings. there've been good discussions,

technical discussions, serious discussions. we have asked the question, is there more for us to do? it's not clear what that would be yet, but if there is, we're, at the end of the phone, we're ready to talk about it. john: kirsten hillman, uambassador from canada to the united states, thank you. in the day's other news -- president trump is preparing for the first foreign leaders to visit the white house since he began his second term. this week mr. trump meets israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu and a week later -- king abdullah of jordan. before leaving israel, netanyahu said he expects to discuss victory over hamas as he put it. tomorrow, netanyahu will meet with mr. trump's middle east envoy, steve witkoff, to discuss negotiations for the second phase of the ceasefire deal. those talks come after the israeli military said it fired at a suspicious vehicle in northern gaza that wasn't traveling on the route agreed to in the ceasefire. new preliminary data shows conflicting readings about the altitudes of the passenger jet and army helicopter when they

collided near reagan national airport this past week. the national transportation safety board said different readings came from data from the passenger jet's flight recorder and data from the control tower. investigators say it could still be months before they have final answers about what happened. today, family members and loved ones of the 67 people killed in wednesday night's crash visited the scene. a short time later first responders said the bodies of 12 of the victims remain in the water but they are committed to giving the families closure. >> they're just all hurt and they still want answers and we want to give them answers. it's horrible. no one should have to suffer through this. so, yeah, it is hard on them. they have a lot of questions, they have not been through this. john: tomorrow the army corps of engineers plans to begin the process of lifting large pieces of the american airlines plane out of the river -- a step officials say is needed before the last remaining bodies can be recovered.

billionaire and trump advisor elon musk and his team of government efficiency workers have had a busy weekend. pbs news learned members of his team were denied entry to the u.s. agency for international development. that led the trump administration to put two top security officials on administrative leave. the associated press reports usaid officials also refused to turn over classified materials to musk's team, but they eventually gained access. today on x musk called the agency a criminal organization. usaid's is the largest provider of food assistance. there was a similar issue at the treasury department this weekend where it was widely reported some of musk's team gained access to the federal panic system, which sends out money on behalf of the government and could be a tool to potentially monitor and limit federal spending.

still to come, exploring the lasting mental toll the devastating california wildfires. and, the link between a deadly strain of the avian flu and soaring egg prices nationwide. ♪ >> this is pbs news weekend from the david m. rubenstein studio at weta in washington home of the pbs news hour weeknights on pbs. john: this weekend, california officials declared that the last of the deadly fires that scorched more 59 square miles and destroyed 16,000 structures were fully contained, and now recovery and rebuilding gets underway. cleanup crews are working to clear debris, contain toxins, and evaluate damage -- while residents grapple with the lingering mental health effects of this life-altering event. ali rogin has more on this ongoing toll. reporter: rebecca's home of 20 years burned to the ground

several weeks ago. she and her sister donned hazmat suits and picked through the rubble. brexit was an overwhelming situation seeing the devastation. i had seen a picture of the house, but nothing could give me any forewarning of what i would feel when i got here and it overtook me. >> look at this beautiful home. reporter: actor and producer steve gutenberg captured the destruction after the fire tore through his pacific palisades neighborhood. >> i was conscious of my mental state and mental health. i have seen tragedy, people scared, people in wheelchairs. mothers and fathers trying to find their kids. people having anxiety attacks, panic attacks. reporter: one study found up to 16% of adults might suffer

posttraumatic stress disorder for up to six month after wildfire, major depression and anxiety. pbs news spoke with americans who have lived through past wildfires about how they continue to be affected. >> it does take a toll on you, mental health wise because it is not something you just turn off. reporter: todd is a veteran wild fighter -- wildfire fighter in montana. >> i was holding onto and not necessarily expressing dissatisfaction with the situation or how i was traumatized by seeing somebody's family album with burning pictures blowing down the street. reporter: it is not just first responders and those who lost their homes that suffer. mitch stone, evacuated during the massive 2017 thomas fire -- >> everyone still talks about it as if it was a recent events. it is hard to believe it is as

long ago as it was, because it stays very present in your mind. reporter: his home survived, but the experience stayed with him. >> every time the wind blows, especially if you see fires burning in other areas, you are immediately put into a different state of mind. reporter: for more on how people can be affected for years by the trauma of a disaster we turn to dr. sheri weiser, a professional or -- professor of medicine at uc san francisco. welcome. these l.a. residents, many of them, are moving from survival mode to recovery mode. what are the challenges? dr. weiser: so many challenges. some have lost their homes, some are evacuated and many homes are at risk. for others not directly affected, but emotionally, by eco anxiety and feelings like,

los angeles will never be the same. the impacts on people's psychological health is maybe a little bit different depending on what group people fall into. i think with people who are displaced, there's also a mental health burden of evacuation and the uncertainty that comes with not knowing where you're going to live, how you're going to deal with your insurance, how -- where you will resettle. are you going back home, is your home safe? there are a lot of stressors. ali: research shows that trauma of a disaster like this can last for years. what can people do to cope with some of those long term effects? dr. weiser: first of all, to emphasize what those long term effects are, you mentioned ptsd. people also can develop new onset of depression or anxiety disorders. for people with preexisting mental illness you can see exacerbation of those. people can develop suicidal thoughts and ideations and people will sometimes increase their substance use and worsen

substance use disorders. so there's a lot of mental health consequences. then to protect themselves, i think it's really about implementing proactive strategies to mitigate those risks. first off, of course, people need to go to a safe place. they need to meet their basic needs. once that is taken care of it is important for people who have been directly impacted, to limit their exposure to the media, particularly very vivid images of wildfires can be very triggering. social support, i can't even overstate how important that is. people tend to want to isolate themselves, but reaching out to friends, family, neighbors for support is so important. finally, maintaining your healthy behaviors like getting enough sleep, exercise, engaging in mindfulness and breathing exercises can be very helpful and making making sure you have access to mental health support. ali: what about people who may

not live in a disaster prone area but are thinking about these things, are watching them on tv, are worried about this sort of thing happening where they live. dr. weiser: so certainly there is tremendous eco anxiety that people are experiencing all over california and really across the u.s. about the devastation that they're witnessing in los angeles. our center is getting many emails and inquiries about this issue. about half of young people in the world experience eco anxiety and sometimes eco anxiety enough to disrupt their daily lives. i think that as a society, we need to be proactive to take measures to address eco anxiety which can have mental health impacts, even if they're not directly impacted. at the university of california, we are trying to address this in an innovative way through a class providing people with tools to address their eco anxiety and help to convert their eco anxiety into activism by getting engaged in community efforts, which has been shown to be a really helpful strategy for

mitigating the symptoms of eco anxiety. ali: sheri weiser with the university of california, thank you. dr. weiser: thank you for having me. ♪ john: if you go grocery shopping, you don't need us to tell you that eggs are expensive and, in some places, in limited supply. in 2024, the average price of a dozen large, grade a eggs jumped 65% while overall food prices rose just 2.5%. and the agriculture department predicts prices will go up another 20% this year. a big reason for these sky-high egg prices: the bird flu outbreak that started in 2022. since then, efforts to limit the spread of the virus have led to the slaughter of more than 145 million chickens, turkeys and other birds the vast majority

of them egg-laying chickens. two perspectives on this: david anderson is a professor and livestock economist at texas a&m university. and angela rasmussen is a virologist at the university of saskatchewan. david, help us by putting these high prices into perspective. in historical context where they stand? david: these are all-time record high prices. in a historical context we are at the peak, the highest they have ever been. john: are some regions of the country harder hit compared to others? david: yeah, particularly the coast, new york and california we see higher prices. for the same reasons they are always higher in those locations. one is, it is a long way from where we produce the majority of the eggs in the u.s. to those markets. if you are going to deliver to a store in new york city it is

probably more costly to get to those markets. john: how big a factor is bird flu in this? are there other factors as well? david: that really is the factor in these prices. long-term increase in demand for eggs as we have increased protein in our diets. eggs compete as a protein source with meat and other vegetable protein sources. but those long-term trends in increasing demand are warped by this sudden shock to the system of a disease outbreak that wipes out a portion of our supplies. john: angela, let me ask you about this disease outbreak. tell me about the latest strain of the bird flu and why it is so persistent. angela: there are multiple strains of the bird flu currently circulating in wild birds as well as in the nation's dairy cattle. we have multiple spillovers

occurring to different poultry farms. some of these viruses are coming from wild birds, some from wild birds that have contracted the virus from the dairy cows. there are other species like cats also getting infected. there is quite a lot of h5n1 influenza viruses circulating around in the environment, in other species of animals, and that is partly responsible for the increased number of floc outbreaks as well as human cases. john: talk about the human cases. the cdc says in the u.s. there are 66 human cases and recently we had the first death in the u.s. what is the risk to humans and how worried people be about it? angela: this is a complicated question because people should definitely be concerned about it. but at this time, the risk to the general population is quite low. part of the reason is, we see no

evidence of sustained human to human transmission with these viruses. every of these human cases is getting the virus from an animal, either from a bird, the case you mentioned that was severe and died, was contracting the virus from a backyard flock of poultry or they are getting it from dairy cattle. these are occupational exposures we are seeing. we are not seeing it spread from human to human. that is good news, but still concerning because the more human cases there are the greater the likelihood this virus could mutate to be able to transmit efficiently from human to human. while the general risk to the population is low, and handling or in close proximity with one of these species, we need to keep an eye on this to make sure human to human transmission is detected before it has an opportunity to spread outward into the human population. john: should people be concerned

or worried about eating eggs? angela: eggs are quite safe to eat as well as milk as long as it is cooked or pasteurized. i would not recommend eating raw eggs right now because they can support the growth of influenza viruses. that is how we often grow vaccines for flu. they really throw up a lot of virus. make sure you cook the eggs and are drinking pasteurized milk. otherwise it is safe. john: what will it take to bring these prices down to earth? david: the first thing we need is for the disease to quit occurring and wiping out chicken farms. the second thing is time to rebuild flocks, replace the lost birds. that takes a little time. john: we're talking about the flocks destroyed. as soon as it shows up, to keep it from spreading, they destroy the flock. how long does it take to rebuild that flock? david: about 26 weeks to grow a

hen, a pullett, to get them to where they start laying eggs. it takes a while longer to get eggs fully sized. the first ones are small. to get the large ones we see at the store or extra-large takes longer. here we are with biology, that is our time constraint. it takes time to do that. we can look at egg prices and they are volatile. 2022, 2023, we went from over $5 a dozen to 84 cents a dozen by may 2023. the potential is there given a little time. thank you very much. angela: thanks for having me. ♪

john: that is pbs news weekend for this sunday. i'm john yang. for all my colleagues, things for joining us. have a good week. >> major funding for pbs news weekend provided by -- >> in 1995 two friends set out to make wireless coverage accessible to all with no long-term contracts, nationwide coverage and 100% u.s.-based customer support. consumer cellular. freedom calls. ♪ >> the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪

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linney: this is "masterpiece." ernest: we are orphans now, you and i. not quite orphans. leopold: your father left her all alone here, and so we comforted one another. "comforted?" you're engaged? congratulations. linney: previously, on "victoria." victoria: i'm not ready to appear in public. buccleuch: you're not the only woman who has felt herself in low spirits after the birth of a child. tomorrow, it will be easier. victoria, married to a bastard.