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>> union bank has put its financial strength to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you? >> we are a nation of explorers. we seek new ways of living, of thinking, and of expressing ourselves. we take risks. we learn from experience. and we keep moving forward. that is why we encourage and celebrate the explorer in all of us. >> and now "bbc newsnight." >> there is contradictory evidence coming from canada as to what is going on. but >> added is the biggest

salmon run for centuries. scientists and not see this coming. if that got this one wrong, should we at look at warnings that global fish crops could collapse? >> this was an named among the most corrupt. lady chastity's lover was printed in britain. it newsnight has access to previously unseen evidence in the trial. >> what is the true legacy of that "lady chad hurley -- chaterly's lover"? >> how many fish are there in the sea? at a un convention for biodiversity, they talked about

how to protect the global fish stocks. they are in a global crisis. there is contradictory evidence from canada. they had a biggest run of sammon in this century. scientists do not really understand what is with our fish. >> the pristine waters of fraser river, a few hours north of vancouver. the tranquillity out here belies the activity below the surface. here a force of nature is at work. salmon driven by a biological imperative, the need to pair up and mate before they die. >> millions of salmon are fighting their way back to where they are born.

it is in stark contrast to last year's disastrously low numbers. scientists predicted neither extreme. only 1 million sammon came back this year. top year's it run is set to 30 million. >> scientists say they do not know what wrong with their predictions. when science is so uncertain, it is hard for the public to make sense of what is happening. fishermen said that last year people jump to conclusions and pointed the finger at overfishing. >> what ever happened had nothing to do with anybody fishing. if you walk down the street and ask people, what was the cause? a big percentage of people will say it is overfishing. >> field researchers are out on the river banks try to make

sense of such a turnaround. those who have such an experience know how hard it is to make accurate predictions. >> when we look at the finish, we have to remember that when they are out in the depths of the pacific, it is really hard to see what happens out there. are these quid moving out. is there a japanese fishing? >> environmentalists say we cannot expect this at the moment. there are too many gaps in their data. he started off studying killer whales and then the salmon that live along side them. she is frustrated with the lack of information from industrial fish farms up the coast that she blames for spreading disease. >> is it the lack of data or are the models not painting a good picture of what is happening in

the wild? >> the problem is the new variables they are not taking into account. they need to look at the salmon farms. they arrived at the same time that the fish started to go down. >> she claims that it is impossible to get the full picture because the people that -- the department of fisheries and oceans is suppressing science. >> the scientists are working in the field studying d.c. life -- the sea life. the public policy and the science will come under scrutiny. it was set up by the canadian government to investigate the dramatic drop in the salmon run. whether it is the farms

changing ocean temperatures that are behind the fluctuated numbers. the fish farming industry released five years worth of data on the disease. it would certainly be hard to pin the blame on commercial fishing. strict quotas in place for more than a decade has met that the industry has virtually ground to a halt. the fleet has been cut by around 2/3. >> we used to fish three or four days a week. people are trying to hang on to survive and hoping that things down the road is going to get better. >> they are getting this boat ready for a rare trip. they have been fishing these waters for more than half a century. they welcome conservation and management. they say it has gone too far. last month, and they had to

watch million swim by when regulators closed the fisher real early. >> the general public is in this african commode that if did not do something -- a drastic to protect everything, they will lose everything. >> she is trying to find a way among comfy -- competing views to find a way to manage fisheries. she encourages scientists working for her to get involved in open debate and international cooperation. >> can science and tell us the answer to the question? not at this point. having talked to the science community, they produced a variety of opinions about how you can do this. we are trying to face the fact that this is a public policy questions. it really is. what the public in this country is very influenced by the

international community needs to understand about what the trade- offs are going one way or another. >> what does this say about scientists who get it right on sammon mean for the fishing world? >> it we mean it -- we may need to reestablish them. >> he is hired to shape public and political opinion. he is one of the of leading the experts. he is here to show people the impact of industrial fishing. >> it is due overwhelmingly to fishing. the notion that we do too much to protect the fish is an absurd. he said that people should not condemn warnings about the big picture because predictions about individual species such as salmon would be wrong.

that would be like dismissing climate change because of one unusually cold winter. unlike in canada, most of the world's of fish stocks are not carefully managed. he said that government subsidies tend to sustain fast fishing fleets. -- vast fishing fleets. >> africa and southeast asia are the places that you would expect. >> back on the fraser river near vancouver, scientists are carrying out the detailed processes that has to do with management of salmon on this river. that makes salmon the exception and not the rule. >> we have to keep the net up.

>> they are keep -- keeping track of how many fish are ending up back here. the team landed 200 chum. they are weighed and measured, sliced and they are ordered. this plays a big part in how much fishing is allowed. >> the story of the salmon is a tiny threat in the global fishing industry. eggs from these salmon are sent to japan. any consumer wanted to make a sustainable choice faces the same dilemma. how best to weigh off consumption versus conservation. there is a deep cultural connection to the fish here.

how to measure these fish are the bigger picture. it is a government struggle to manage this resource. regulations will have to continue to juggle the demands and vested interests. they could strive for as complete of a picture as possible. until nobody is listening to a warning of a world without oceans. >> how corrupt is your country? an organization for transparency international released this year's corruption perceptions index. this is a judgment of 178 countries. it is a perceptions index. it tells us something about the state of the world. money does not just talk.

sometimes it shouts. it is most insidious when you seductively. the corrupt politician or the official is the one that listens. there are a few in denmark, sweden, and singapore, all tied for the world's most principled nations. the most corrupt are all wartorn. somalia, afghanistan and iraq are only a little bit better. who is to check on the back cantor's? most shocking is the number of sophisticated countries mired in greed. the protest against austerity and reid mike asked about this in panama. why is of venezuela down near the bottom of the table? to discuss the corruption index, he is joined by the doctor.

>> to boat -- and do both of you except these findings? pretty corrupt. >> thank you for inviting me. i have to say last time it was very insulting and patronizing that you would take a massive group of propaganda. >> the answer to that question is you do not accept. >> absolutely not. we have never done anything to anyone, not even in venezuela. they are pretending to be the barometer when corruption is unique to private sector and public officials. >> what about as far as finland is concerned? do you accept these findings?

>> i am not very surprised that this kind of ranking has been established. i am not talking about other countries. i am talking about finland and perhaps the other nordic countries that you see at the top of the list. >> to an outsider, i agree that this looks like a load of phooey, the perceptions index. let's go with it for a second. it goes with certain anecdotal evidence that we have. all of those countries that are seen as least corrupt are wealthy. those that are seen as most corrupt our poor. why do you think that is? >> it is a standard of living and lack of corruption. i think it mainly comes through

education. wealthy nations can afford it education. well educated people are aware of their rights in society. they can keep the authorities under close watch much better than poorly educated people. for >> i totally disagree. in the case of corruption, when we are talking about corruption, -- and it plays a part in the corruption of the port countries. when we talk about banks and the financial crisis, where are the banks? public and private banks, lost billions of public money and nobody calls the corruption in a rich company. that does not happened in

venezuela. what about the u.s. and corrupt the venezuelan politicians go away from our law, they go to the united states and they are protected by the government. rich countries, not rich countries like finland. i am talking about powerful countries. they fight illegal wars, the banking crisis, and they do not touch that kind of multinational corporation corruption. >> it is interesting in the case of your neighbor russia. this does not come terribly well out of the index. we know, because we see all around us, that the most corrupt people are the very wealthy people, correct?

is it fair not to do the whole country? >> the russian situation has been much commented on by the russian leadership themselves. they admit that they have a problem in their own society. they are taking steps to eliminate it. i do not feel very confident to comment on the situation of other countries. i have been trying to think, what would be the explanations. >> let me put it in a way that you can answer it? what is it that you notice about finland that you do not about other countries that makes you think that it is clean? >> we are talking about perceptions. if i think about why this perception is favorable in finland, i would single out the

following three or four factors. we have a very long tradition of rule all law in our country since the middle ages. we have any administration that i would characterize as low, and bureaucratic, and underpinned by competent civil servants. we have a public that is aware of their rights. we have been necessary watchdogs. >> what do you think contributes to the contribution of up venezuela not being like that? >> if you watch fox news in the united states, you will see that. if you watch a venezuelan tv, you will see that in the polarized political situation of

venezuela where everybody is complaining about the other side, when people from the government are accused of corruption -- they are politically persecuted. this comes up in the fight against corruption. corruption is an international problem. >> do you think this country is correct? >> where there is power, there is corruption. >> i know what you will say. you will say that you do not comment on your host country. >> i rather would not. >> thank you both very much. >> that this book is notorious for its explicit descriptions of sex. when penguin published the novel in britain in 1960, it was taken to court. the trial was as gripping as any

novel. penguin ultimately came out on top. for the first time, newsnight has seen some of the written evidence from the trial. here is stephen smith. >> reverence to the weight of a man's balls. >> you do not get courtroom dialogue like that anymore. this proved to be a watershed in the way we lead our private lives. now or never ♪ >> what is shocking is not so much the book, but the court case. did the prosecute a publisher of a story about consentual heterosexual love? >> there was a class element to

the prosecution. those who brought it work upper- class. they were shocked not so much at the four-better words, but the idea of adultery with a member of the upper class is with a servant. would you allow your wife or your servant to read this book? we said to the jury with utter sincerity. >> the courts could not touch lawrence. he had been dead for 30 years. the jury acquitted it penguin of obscenity charges. the novel sold 300 copies in three months. t do that.'t we do not want the boat to fall into the hands of many unsuspecting people -- the book to fall into the hands of unsuspecting people that might

be shocked. >> if it was okay to sell the book about a gamekeeper's love for a title lady, then it was ok to show it as a movie, too. >> i was glad that i had the chance to do it. i was happy that there was no interference. there could have been some dodgy moments. >> this was buried under here. >> it was all very different 50 years ago. this previously unseen correspondence held at the university of bristol includes letters from the great and the good. ten one wrote to them, hoping that they would join them in denying that "lady chatter les waser -- chatterly's lover"

obscene. >> we walked across without giving it a second thought. at the world was changing. this trial help cement that change. >> they said that it was the their erotic more pornographic. from what i knew of the author, there was no erotic or pornographic in tension in his mind. >> my memory of it was dull. in certain places pretentious. lawrence had very little literary gifts. >> and i would love to help penguin. i do not see how. i have not read the book. >> the trial, like the novel, is famous or notorious for its high

count of four-letter words. today, you would get that in an hour with this celebrity chef. they would say that the true legacy to us is a more vulgar culture. >> the trial was perhaps a necessary thing. the bottled up behavior of the 1950's, the death penalty, the sending of homosexuals to jail, the persecution of women for having abortions. this dark, distasteful, inhumane era gradually came to an end in the 1960's. >> lawrence has had a strange legacy really. on the one hand, he house opened the way for novelists to write about anything they choose. they can discuss in a serious,

humane way, anything that they want to. on the other hand, it has undoubtedly open the way to large amounts of mechanically reproduced pornography. that is the absolute antithesis of what lawrence was working for and something that he would have lathed i -- loathed i think. >> a gay kiss on itv on sunday. >> i cannot see this working, can you? >> occur ladyship and gamekeeper is probably as old as human history. people will be reading that plot for the rest of time.

>> quite right, too. >> that is all for this week. good bye. >> hello and welcome. >> see the news unfold. get the top stories from around the globe and click to play video reports. go to bbc.com/news to experience the in-depth, expert reporting of "bbc world news" online. >> funding for this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. and union bank.

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