good evening from los angeles, i'm tavis smiley. one in five children in the country shows a sign of a mental health disorder that can interfere with their daily life and make learning a serious challenge. tonight, part of our road to health series, conversation with adolescent psychiatrist, about how to identify and treat mental illness in your kids. then, grammy winner, and two time oscar nominated singer songwriter joins us for a conversation and premiere performance of her new single. we are glad you joined us. all of that in just a moment.

♪ ♪ and by the robin wood johnson foundation working with diverse partners to build a culture of health so everyone in america can live pro dock tihealthy liv. the california endowment, health happens in neighborhoods. learn more. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers look you. thank you.

child's mental health is an important aspect of their development. in the high tech world conditions anxiety and depression have become increasingly common for more now, how to identify problems with an what to do about, our children who suffer from illnesses, welcome our guest. doctor, good to have you on. >> thank you for having me. >> before i get into the specific symptoms and huh to treat symptoms, you are the physician not me. just seems to me with all of the anger, and all of the anxiety in the world, you turn on your -- your television, get in the car, turn on the radio, pick up your phone, it is like, being in undated with, with news and information that causes anxiety, that causes anger i've sense, i suspect rather, if adults feel that, then, then children must feel that as well. >> absolutely. there is this trickle-down effect and, you know when i talked to parents, i always talk

about role modeling. so if the parent is anxious or if they're irritable, a lot of times, we'll see the same symptoms in the children as well. so, yes, absolutely. i think, the way adults talk, the way adults communicate, whether it is virtually or in person, absolutely does -- have an effect on, young people. because they're listening. >> this particular moment thoughen ththough in this country the world, headlines, you see the same thing i see. are you seeing children being more acutely impacted by this because of this moment that we find ourselves in? >> that's complex and interesting. i do hear don vconversations fr young people asking me about future, about uncertainty. what is going to happen to them? what is going to happen to their health care? really young children. wanting to know the answers, they are hearing, listening, worried about, what may happen to their parents.

their families, even with immigration. a lot of young children ask me, what's going to happen with the families, separated from their parents. i think, question, the current environment, does affect the dialogue -- that my patients, these young children are having. with these. >> does that mean that, since your earlier point was that children oftentimes mirror what you see in adults. does that mean adults shouldn't have the kind of conversations in front of their kids? >> well, i think that -- that -- children can listen and, numerous ways. they can sense anxiety in the parents. the parents are anxious about their financial situation, or, if they've have been laid off from their job, the child is going to know. so i don't always encourage secrets from children. but there are certain adult themes that don't need to be discussed with children, arguments don't need to be

hadden frohad in front of children. depend on the topic. depend on how the child is being affected by that particular topic or environmental change or, is there going to be some major life change in a family, such as a separation, you know, a child should know about it. they should be prepared for it. but, the -- the issue is not necessarily the conflict, itself, but how it is handled. >> what kind of signs should parents be looking for. if or when their children are being affected in the ways? >> there can be numerous signs that a parent can see when their child is struggling with anxiety. one of the things to remember. children can't express themselves very well. because they're a developmental stage where they're not able to use their word. like to say, i am really scared. or, i am, afraid, or, i am,

feeling very, very, nervous. so they don't say these things. so instead, what we'll see is -- some times not doing very well in school. so they're acting out at school. they're getting into fights. or they're not sleeping well at night. not eating well. there will be different kind of scenarios so. my role -- is, is really cool in that i am like a detective. when i talk to these children. and -- the parent may say, well, you know, he is not doing well in school. she is not sleeping well. she won't separate from me. i don't know what the stuff means. and then i will talk to the child. and, you know, i will get a little more why this might be happening. >> when you discover through your detective work what is ailing or bothering the child, what do you do? what happens next? what is a parent to do at that point? >> so a lot of what i do initially is, what we call psycho education in mental

health. that means i will gift parents information. i will talk to the child. so first informing them what i think is going on. i might, you know, say, i think your child is really anxious. a lot of time a child comes to me because there has been some major life stress in the family. the child is reacting to it. i see homeless families, so, some of the children, you know, they are in, in, transitional housing, they're in hotels, and that is affecting them. engaging in other behaviors. i will explain this to the parent. and it is happening your child is having anxiety or stress due to this. how do we deal with it? so one of the things i might do is just, simply, logistics. al location of resources. calling up the case manager saying, hey, can you help the family with housing. or i think this child's parent

is really anxious. can we help the parent get some treatment, because a lot of times you treat the parent. you are also treating the child. the child automatically gets better when you treat the parent. so -- that's, you know what i start out doing. and then we'll talk about other forms of treatment or where to go from there. >> how much of what kids are feeling these days -- in terms of anxiousness has to do with -- the environment in which they live? not just inside the home. environmental factors. >> a lot, a lot. a lot of problems are school based. bullying. it's not new. it continues to bea big problem. now we have a different platform of bullying which is the digital world, with all of the technological advances. so, you know, you will see, children, don't want to go to school. they want say why. and that are afraid if they do out -- out their bullies. that it gigs to come become to

them worse. so if that is still a big issue. other environmental factors are, just -- what is going on at home. what is going on in their neighborhood. some of my patients come from unsafe neighborhoods. then they are experiencing these things things. environmental influences affect a child's mental health. >> uh-huh. when you see the children, what gives you hope that you can address the concerns that so many kids increase league are having these days? >> you know, i think the beauty of what i do is when you catch things early or when you i didn't tie probl -- i didn't tie things early. the interventions are small interventions but have an enormous effect long term. you can really alter the trajectory of the children's life by early intervention.

so the best form of mental health treatment is early mental health treatment. and there is also now, we are moving into, preventative mental health. you don't want children to have more anxiety in the future or, or -- depression, or, suicidal thoughts in the future. so, there are ways and there are treatments, that are effective in preventing those things. that gives me a lot of hope. and, resilience. i've mean, children by nature are resilient. and, they're brains are still developing. there is a lot you can do to make sure the brain is developed in a positive way. >> thank you for your work. good to have you on the program. up next, a singer/songwriter. stay with us. >> a grammy award winning and two-time oscar nominated songwriter. the long list of credits out

with a singer ghetto. and this month sell bralcelebra 30th anniversary. right, 30 years. >> just a child at the time. >> since the recording of michael jackson's "man in the mirror" one of his critically acclaimed songs that she happened to co-write. i am honored to have you on the program. >> it is my pleasure. thank you. when i say man in the mirror, you think what? >> michael jackson. how do you not? i think change. i think -- a swelling of consciousness of change. change in the air. it was electric. and he delivered that message with such style. and perfection. it touched the world. he introduced me as a singer, first of all to the world. and then, me as a song writer. with that song. man in the mirror. >> tell me about writing the song. >> ready, i will give you the reader's digest version.

i was assigned to quincy jones as a songwriter. he had a meeting with his songwriters and said we need one more song to finish out the "bad" album. i took copious notes. i've went to my co-writer, friend, glen ballard. and i said to him -- quincy wants a song for this, album. he said great what kind of song. i've don't know. he said, let's see what we come up with. cut to two years before. in a writing session. a guy i am writing with thought we are having a great session. phone rings. picks up the phone. begins this, conversation. so, i'm not doing nothing. no. i'm, flipping through my lyric book. thinking to myself. no he didn't say he is not doing nothing. no he did not. seething through, flipping through the pages. i heard him say the man, what man? oh, the man in the mirror. i've wrote down. man in the mirror. two years later, at glen any house. he says, oh, well let's see what

we come up with. gets up. turn on the keyboard. he starts playing -- ♪ ♪ flipping through the book. the phrase, popped off. every time i tell the story, i get goose bumps. the phrase man in the mirror popped off the page. and i couldn't write it, i couldn't write the lyrics fast enough. and i think it was like, ten, 12 minutes. we came up with the, the, first version. and the chorus to man in the mirror. two days later, demoed it. that night, i took it to quincy. and he, listened to it. called me back. couple hours later. and said, syd. this is the best song i have heard in ten years. i'm like, he said, but, you know, when charlie brown's teacher talks, he doesn't really hear, that's what i, i just wanted to live in that song, ten years, yes! he said, but you know we have been in the studio with michael two and a half years. and he has yet to record anything that he didn't write. don't worry, iffy don we don't

with michael. i will do it with james ingraham on my album. i love james ingraham as much. james ingraham. michael jackson. let it go. and couple days later, they called me. quincy said, we in the studio are recording you old piece of song. i was like, yes! it was like, i was on cloud 50,000. you hear me? >> hear you. >> awesome. awesome. >> two things are amazing to me. one as you well know. as, hard corps michael jackson fans know and james ingraham fans know, he had his own song. >> yeah. pyt. >> yes. with james ingraham. >> james ingraham -- >> not by any stretch. >> got great stuff of his own. wrote pyt for michael. i know you and, you were like best of friend. you would pass the story so fast. when q tells you that we need one more song for michael's album. you just tell the story. i've went away. got my songwriting book out.

first of all. >> you said we had 12 minutes. when quincy tells you we need one more song. how do you calm yourself down to? >> didn't know i was going to got it. hello. >> still. i had to. i didn't know what gave me audacity to think i could write anything for, for michael jackson. i had never met him. number two, i knew he dent want to sing, like, another, oh baby love song. in order to get it. this is where it was. i wanted to meet him. the other guys in my group had met him. quincy don't worry. i will introduce you to michael. didn't want to see quincy going. mike cam. this is betty jo, i've didn't know, how that came out of me like that. but i knew i wanted to make him want to meet me. can you imagine that? >> uh-huh. yeah, yeah, i can. >> i get it. >> speaking, speaking it i can.

i can't imagine it. but i just wanted to write a song that got his attention. and, felt important enough. for him to want to record it. >> yeah. yeah. >> james ingraham was i guess on the show. any number of times. telling the story of the day that michael was recording "pyt." >> the thing was we went in studio. my first time seeing michael sing. uh-huh. right. so i never seen anybody do this. michael did this. he was like. ♪ where did you come from baby ooh won't you take me there right away won't you baby ♪ ♪ you got to be f ♪ fly with me for f i said, oh, my god. we be holding our breath trying to get everything on that microphone. time's like this. ♪ y'all will be there [ laugher ] >> michael came out. am i singing right? michael, you killed it, singing.

how do you want to sing it? >> i love james. >> when you actually heard michael singing your stuff, how did you process this? >> the only time i really heard it when it was on the radio. so, that was, you know, i didn't, i wasn't in the stud crow when he recorded it -- in the studio when he recorded the lead vocal. i was in the studio to rerecord the demo. first time i met him. in the room with, quincy, and enegypt near e engineer of life. michael jackson. me. quincy said, the key is little too high for michael. can you sing it in a lower key. i was look sure. i get up and go to the studio. michael jackson gets up and like he is following me, with, it was the 80s, so he had a video camera, like a mile long. right on his shoulder. he is following me. what, what are you doing? what? he said i want to sing it, why are you following me? he sdaid i want to sing it look

you. great, mike, all my friend are really going to believe me, when i said it he wants to sing it like me. it was awesome. aweso awesome. >> tell me about this new song. >> darling, i have been waiting to tell you. >> i love it. audience will love it too. tell me. >> a song called ghetto. ghetto is a state of mind. and, it is, an acronym for the, the words, greatness happens even though there is oppression. i wrote this song as i travel, and tour around the country. doing speaking engagements. people ask me to tell them my story. i start out by telling them, i was, you know, my mom and father divorced when i was 6 years old. ended up spending most of my childhood in a happiest times of my childhood, with my grandmother. 119 wilmington. straight out of compton, okay.

they see me say where i cam from where i am today. it is incongruous. doesn't mesh. since i cam from that. not supposed to be all this. not have two oscar nominations, not supposed to have grammys. nobody expected me to be anything. only because i say i grew up from compton. i want the kids who are impoveri impoverished. living below the poverty line. who are hungry. who are uneducated. not really going to school. because -- they used -- the situation, their circumstances, to, step aside. that kind of behavior. i wanted to write a song, that said it doesn't matter where you came from, it is about where you end up. >> uh-huh. >> so, you can come from anything. you can come from whatever. and be anything. and -- and, i want everybody who

grew up look me, not having to know that that is not -- that is not your destiny if you don't want it to be. not having your mother and father. not having a job. going to jail. letting all of those negative circumstances, dictate your future, and what you are going to be. i wrote a song that doesn't have off to be like that. >> and, you -- get to hear the song. >> gotto its ghetto is a stat o. i love her. love that voice. and, man in the mirror. i just can't stop loving you. oh, my god. just. >> dude, i am so honored to be here. thank you so much. >> more honored to till you in a second, she is going to sing "ghetto" for you for the first time on national television. so, going to say good night now. thank you for watching as always. keep the faith. don't move.

here comes the song. ♪ ghetto its a state of mind ♪ doesn't matter who you are ♪ only thing that matters is where you end up ♪ ♪ ghetto its a state of mind ♪ ghetto is a place to side snoe f doesn't matter where you are from ♪ ♪ only thing that matters where you stand up ♪ ♪ he may be full but never was enough ♪ ♪ shining clean ♪ head held high ♪ he wrote the book and within a nobel prize ♪ ♪ where you are not does not depend on where you are going from where you end up ♪

♪ ghetto its a state of mind ♪ ghetto its a peace you find ♪ doesn't matter who you are ♪ only thing that matters is where you end up ♪ ♪ ghetto is a state of mind ♪ ghetto its a place inside ♪ doesn't matter where-up are from only thing that matters where you are end up ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ high on the hill with a silver spoon and free will ♪ ♪ there will be flowers but there will be wheat ♪ ♪ he broke for love and away he went ♪ ♪ where you are does not depend on where you are going or where you been ♪ ♪

♪ what defines the word ghetto ♪ as the poorest part of an city where a particular group lives with limited opportunities ♪ ♪ a crowd in urban history confined by poverty or prejudice for me, greatness happens even though there is oppression, yes ♪ ♪ ghetto its a state of mind ♪ ghetto is the peace you find ♪ doesn't matter who you are ♪ only thing that matters ♪ ghetto its a state of mind ♪ ghetto is a place you find sno f inside ♪ ♪ don't matter ♪ ghetto is a state of mind ♪ ghetto is a peace you find ♪ doesn't matter who you are only thing that matters ♪

♪ ghetto its a state of mind ♪ ghetto its a place inside ♪ doesn't matter where-up are from ♪ ♪ only thaing that matters is where you are going ♪ ♪ yeah, yeah ♪ oh yeah ♪ ghetto its a place of mind ♪ greatness, greatness ♪ inside ♪ ♪ yeah, the beauty of the ghetto its the effort ♪ ♪ ♪ thank you. >> for more information on today's show, visit tavis smiley at pbs.org. >> i'm tavis smiley, join me as we take a deep dive into what is happing around the country. that's next time. we'll see you then.

>> and by the robert wood johnson foundation working with diverse partners to build a national culture of health so everyone in america can live o productive healthy lives. >> the california endowment, health happens in neighborhoods. ♪ learn more. >> announcer: and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers look you. thank you.

♪ - today on america's test kitchen: bryan makes quick sauces for sautéed chicken, adam reviews serrated paring knives in the equipment corner, gadget guru lisa reviews the latest kitchen gadgets, and julia makes the ultimate roasted mushrooms. america's test kitchen is brought to you by dcs. dcs: manufacturers of professionally styled indoor and outdoor kitchen equipment.