up next on a second look, the lingering legacy of the cold war from bomb shelters to spy gear. from missile sights to missile mistakes. good evening and welcome to a second look. i'm julie haener. russia's invasion of ukraine has brought tensions and rekindled fears about russia own intentions to its

neighbors. the u.s. mistrust of russia has a historic history that reaches back to the creation of the soviet union. but it became more apparent after world war ii. people can remember doing drop drills where they took cover under their school desks in case of a soviet nuclear attack. as bob mackenzie showed us in this report in 2001 some people went a step further and built a shipper -- a shelter to defend them from the brother and sister. >> reporter: americans would have six or seven hours note to evacuate their city s if the soviets sent nuclear bombers. the plan was for at least 1 million bay area citizens to head north toward marin, napa and sonoma county. you can still see a concrete build constructed in the 50s with a basement containing what's left of a california

state command and control center. communications gear of all kind, maps of all the california counties. lists of the shelters in every town, all gathering dust now. from this windowless room with 18-inch thick concrete walls, the governor of the state could presumably hunker down and direct rescue and shelter operations throughout the state. provided of course that there were still personnel out there to carry out the orders. but when the soviets developed a rocket capable of launching a small satellite, the fear took hold in earnest. the russians cold not only take a plan but could deliver it in 20 minutes. students had bomb drills. >> we must be ready every day all the time to do the right thing if the atomic bomb explodes. duck and cover. the first thing to do.

>> reporter: as americans learned to drop and cover there was a new emphasis on shelter. survival supplies were stockpiled in the basements of large buildings where the public was expected to gather during an atomic attack and stay there for days or even weeks to escape nuclear fall out. falling particles. some people built their own shelters in their basement and everybody wanted them. with all the comforts in the world. >> when you go out of your hidden place and go out and see the world the world is going to be dead. so when you go and poke your nose above your little understood ground cottage. dead still. right. nothing. so if you want to see that i don't understand, i would rather go as i said before. i would rather go when the bomb

went off. >> reporter: she says some of her neighbors talked about buying guns. >> and i said, the man who lives next door max, no way max we haven't got room for you. boom boom. right. >> some people suggested that. >> they actually suggested that. >> reporter: squads of door to door sales man would come by offering to build you a shelter for $300,000 and up, a crew would descend in your yard. dig a big hole and build a roof over it that was supposedly nuclear bombproof. still to come on a second

look, what's under the russian consulate on san francisco's green street? some say there's a tunnel the fbi used to spy on the russians. and two former spies talk about what it was like to spy during the cold war. [ sports announcer ] here's another one, alyson dudek. hales corners, wisconsin. nice pass by alyson dudek. can she hang on to that spot? and she does! [ male announcer ] with the u-verse wireless receiver, your tv goes where you take it, allowing inspiration to follow. ♪ [ dad ] looks pretty good, right? [ girl ] yeah. [ male announcer ] switch to u-verse and add a wireless receiver today. ♪

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welcome back to a second look. where tonight we remember the tensions between the united states and the soviet unions. well there was a constant fear of attack about using nuclear weapons there was also fear of attack from within involving soviet spies. every soviet diplomatic output was considered a center for espionage. and that included the consulate. there was even reports that the f, bi built a tunnel under the

consulate to spy on the soviets. >> reporter: this is what it looks like beneath the streets of san francisco. tonight there's word that some where below the pavement of pacific heights involves a tunnel built by the fbi to gather intelligence on the soviet union. those tunnels are said to be understood beneath this seven story brick building now the russian consulate. >> are you aware of a tunnel underbeneath the russian consulate in san francisco. >> i can't talk about it one way or the other. i worked on that squad that handled things like that for about 21 years. and it's just not something i was comfortable talking about. >> reporter: but smith says the corner has been under scrutiny since the soviets first established this consulate in 1973. >> i can tell you that the

soviets have been very successful. >> if there were tunnels, it comes to no surprise for residents here. they've been hearing rumors of cloak and dagger activities. >> you can see the fbi guys and the kgb guys you can see the cars parked on the street with people peering out of holes and newspapers. you can spot them because there was nothing secret about it. >> reporter: one neighbor say this is house is still used by the fbi to cover activity. but that was denied by a woman who lives inside. >> they're closing a lot of the streets particularly that street. they're pretty much dug up. maybe that will be an opportunity right there. >> reporter: now the only kind of digging are from neighborhood gardens. and the only break-ins from those who lock themselves out of their vehicles. >> are you a russian citizen?

>> yeah. >> reporter: the russians coming in and out of the consulate would not talk to us and the vice consulate told us there would be no comment. no comment is also what we got from the fbi office in san francisco today. but at the height of the cold war, the soviets were interested in bay area military secrets and university research. and the fbi was surely interested in knowing what the soviets knew. >> the history of u.s. soviet relations is littered with revelations of spying on both sides. some of the stories were so dramatic they were made into motion pictures. but for two people one with the cia the other with the kgb they were just part of every day life. reporter elaine cojano spoke to them at the international spy museum in washington, d.c. >> reporter: what does it take to be a successful spy? >> my name is oleg colugan and i'm a former kgb officer in the

intelligence service. >> reporter: what colugan ought to know during the cold war he was the face of the enemy recruiting americans to work as spies for the kgb in a world that knowledge was and is the ultimate power. >> you can have them, you can manipulate, you can destroy. you can misguide, you can do any damage because you are superior in your knowledge. >> reporter: colugan belongs to a a spy and will not talk. they are now sharing their insight as board members for the new international spy museum. >> you have to be a knowledgeable, loyal, dedicated man who would simply sacrifice

his life if necessary for the protection of his country and his people. >> reporter: information and a first of its kind public peak at a shadowy world of spies. >> reporter david ensore visited that same museum and looked at some of the tools of the spy trade. >> historian keith melton collected some of the most unusual objects. like this shoe. it was used to spy by russia. and this lipstick. it is loaded. it has a collection of spy cameras, from the small to the very small. >> the idea is that while i'm wearing this i can take a picture of you and you have

absolutely no idea that it's been taken. >> reporter: the spy museum turned to this legendary couple cia veterans tony and jona mendez now retired for advise on how spies used disguises. in 1980 during the iran crisis, tony spirited six spies using false identities. >> i turned a lot of people into older people. and turned a few into younger people. but turned a few into different genders. >> whatever it takes. >> whatever it takes. when we come back on a second look. we go back more than a half century to see how san francisco responded when the anti communist house on american activities committee came to town. and a bit later the last remaining missell base in the country. it's right here in the area and you can visit it. when i was living without insurance, it was very scary.

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tonight on a second look remembering the cold war.

there was a time when the country feared not only a soviet attack from without but also a communist take over from within. it was in the midst of that fear that the house of representatives formed its un- american activities committee to sniff out even the most remote hint of communist influence. when the committee came to san francisco in may of 1960 people showed up to tell them they were not welcomed here. ktvu's bob mackenzie first brought us this report in 2000. >> it started here in the streets outside san francisco's city hall on a spring day in 1960. the house un-american activities committee commonly known by its acronym huac had come to town to investigate congress suppression. these were the days of the cold war, when soviet style communism threatened american

interest all over the world. demonstrators in the streets saw this congressional crew crusade as an american witch hunt. everyone to the left of center. >> there were plenty of actual communists they had a newspaper called the people's world that was published in san francisco. and it was a well known political organization. i think the problem was that there were also some people who were underground as communists and they were afraid that if they were truthful about their political point of view that they would get fired from their jobs or discriminated against. so they kind of hid their true position on things. and that created some confusion and difficulty. >> reporter: marshal crauss was a young lawyer who came to city hall on the morning of may 13th along with hundreds of others

hoping to get inside the hall to see what hu, -- huac was doing. after lunch admittance would be first come first served. >> then we came back from lunch and the students were again shut out. they were not allowed to go into that committee room and witness what was happening. so they sat down and they started singing a song that had just become popular then. we shall overcome. >> the noise the clapping and the singing penetrated the doors of the hearing room. one of the witnesses archie brown the leader of the communist party on west coast took his opportunity. >> open the door, open the door. open the door. open the doors what are you afraid of? open the doors here comes a goose bomb. this is americanism. >> according to a film later

released by huac the students were repeatedly told to keep the noise down and warned there would be consequences if they didn't. that's not how kraus remembers it. >> i was there and i don't remember them telling them to keep the noise down. i remember them turning the spigots at the students and the students were drenched down. >> others began to walk away. marshal kraus tried to intervene. >> i walked up to a group of policemen and said wait a minute you didn't warn these students. they didn't do anything they were just sitting down and singing a song. all of a sudden i became the focus of about 15 police who came right at me, grabbed me and just hustled me down that

big white steps. >>kraus was the first to be pushed down the steps and arrested. 60 others would have the same experience. the police response was uncalled for, he says. >> there was certainly no provocation in the sense that people were enteenaging the -- endangering the building or trying to break down the door. some people were pounding on the door. some people were shouting and were angry about the fact that the crowd that had been waiting there all day was not being admitted and these other people were being admitted. i remember that everybody was completely shocked that they turned the hoses on. it kind of didn't make any sense. and this particularly in san francisco. >> reporter: images like these would soon become familiar but in may 1960 it was shocking to see bay area youngsters hosed down and pushed and dragged

downstairs. >> yet that basically killed huac. they retreated to washington and never came out again. i don't think they had a meeting after that and after a while they seized existing. >> and a witch hunt which people understand is not going to happen again in the united states. they understand that even though there are desenators in our society. our society is strong enough to carry on and do its job as the government and as a civilization. even with decent. >> when we come back on a second look we will tell you where in the bay area you can visit the last remaining missell base in america. we'll have the story of what some say is the worse nuclear weapon's security breech in american history. justse citi. boom. ah, she's feeling lucky.

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in the early days of the cold war before the use of long range ballistic missells, the united states staged hundredsover bases across the country. only one of those bases remains

and it's in the marin headland. although it's still usable it's missells are no longer hot. it's now a destination for tourists. gary cob visited in 1993. looks like something out of the 60s doesn't it. missiles rising up, pointing into the heavens intercepting coming more heads. but these pictures were shot last month and right here in our bay area. this is the army's site in the foothills of marin. the last of the missell sites that protected the u.s. along with the two nike batteries were batteries of the smaller

ajax missells in daly city. at the san francisco precidio, on angel island, in the oakland hills, above pacifica, and at travis air force base. >> a huge radar on top of mount hamilton pies would be sweeping all the time if it detected a sight if they're called ufos. it would alert a couple of batteries, the hot batteries to bring up a missell and be prepared to launch. >> before the launch, they would get information to begin the launch. >> nobody knew in this area whether it would hit anything or not because they never fired up. >> reporter: at least not in anchor. but every year control officers that would be sent to white sands new mexico would get a chance to fire missells and

knock down a drone. while these missells were never actually fired they were brought up to alert stage a number of times. during the era of israeli crisis this missell was up. >> when you think of all the men that were here and the responsibility they had and the power they were sitting on to be allowed to bring visitors you would feel like you were -- a little bit. more than seven years ago, a crew committed what many considered one of the worse errors in the history of america's nuclear program. reporter rosen explained what happened in 2006. >> nothing like this has ever occurred. >> reporter: indeed it was the worse breech of nuclear

security of u.s. history when in north dakota on august 29, a b52 bomber like this one was accidentally loaded with six nuclear weapons and flown to louisiana. in all the war heads were unaccounted for for 36 hours. an internal air force investigation concluded the breech was a result of five procedural errors before starting with the removal of the war heads from their storage war heads. >> these airmen lacked an attention to detail. it was a lack of effective supervision. a lack of effective leadership. >> reporter: several airmen and officers including wind commander and maintenance group commander were relieved of their duties. further disciplinary action would follow and culpable

officials would be reprimanded. >> we are making all changes to make sure this has a minimal chance of ever happening again. but we would really like to ensure it never happens again. >> reporter: officials say the weapons were never in danger of exploding and faced minimal exposure to theft. but they could have been damaged and spread their toxic material. the air force probe found no substance abuse in this incident but also found adherence to procedures had suffered an erosion over time. some suggest the breech originates in the b52's mission which was the ferry aging weapons to depots where they will eventually be destroyed. part of a nuclear weapons reduction, a decline of american arsenal war head over a decade's time. >> we are not on nuclear alert, airborne alert etc. like we used to be in my days during the air force. >> reporter: the commander of air combat command has recertified from flying nuclear

weapons. a move that will not affect nuclear readiness. and that's it for this week's second look. i'm julie haener, thanks for watching.

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