this broadcast is real time captioned by carrie o'brien. raising babies, from people to chips and the similaritaries in the first year of life. >> we're doing our best to be good surrogates. >> stepping in when mom steps out. plus killer whales in the wild. they have a lifelong bond between parent and child. what happened when one whale was captured as a youngster and

released after years in captivity. it is ahead on "a second look." tonight bringing up baby. both human and animal. researchers in atlanta say that studies show a pregnant chimp will undergo physical changes in her brain that prepare her to bond with her newborn. but from 1995, biology not enough. and what a baby learns from her mother matters. >> just 48 hours old, this chimp has been rejected by her mother. without human help at the oakland zoo, this baby chimp would die. these remarkable picture show the chimp mother caring for her infant moments after giving birth. then she seems to lose interest in her fist born baby. >> she didn't know what to do. she didn't realize to hold it in her arms and put it to her breast. it was left on the bench and to

get cold. which it did. she turned away and went to take a nap. >> it turns out abigail was rejected by her mother and never got the nurturing to teach her how to be a good mother. >> she is passing onto the next generation the inability to raise a youngster. >> abigail's failures mirror what pediatricians have seen in human families and the message is clear. >> we're the product of our heal environment and we bring to our painting what happened to us. >> some researchers are saying we can learn a great deal about ourselves observing these creatures. chimps are closure biologically to humans than other great aims. even with gorillas, we can share blood. this is us. researchers say baby apes also develop physically and

mentally, just like baby humans. this evaluation called a test, checks reflexes and recognition. for instance,-month-old baby lyla sits up and reacts to a face. baby scott, a -month-old chimp makes the same responses. >> there are very strong parallels between chimps and humans. they can comfort themselves a little bit better than humans can, or use external means, the mother, a little bit easier than human babies can. asign of slight advancement in the way the brain is organized about 30 days of age. >> researchers have found many other behaviors have virtually identical between apes and humans. they bond, play with toys and cooperate, they seem to love and grieve. at the san francisco zoo, researchers are looking at this group of gorillas for development that may apply to

humans as well. >> we have that common thread and in the early years we see it most strongly before we are set in our ways. we see it in humans, that strong period of learning that is so critical. >> at the oakland zoo, abigail and her foster family offer researchers an opportunity to study socialization. >> humans share with chimps on a number of sort of body language kinds of things. the extended hand for reassurance, the kiss, the pat on the back, the arm around the shoulder. >> new research here at the primate center in atlanta shows ape parents like human parents must learn to nurture their infants. that responsive parenting in advance creatures is not instantative, unless their mothers teach them how, they will not learn to raise their

young. >> mothers nurture the development of skills in their infants. even the physical skills and more importantly their social skills. >> where does it fit? >> at oakland's children's hospital, 22-month-old kristin is taking a bailey test. his mother watches as they check for object and spatial awareness. >> stacking blocks and putting forms into a puzzle to see if they can coordinate the actions and figure out where those pieces go. >> this chimp, rosemary, is taking the same tests, four months younger than christian, she does tonight as well. but performed like any other toddler and pleased with herself. these psychology -- psychologists made a remarkable study. >> chimps are more advance

compared to humans at the same age. 6 to 8 months, before that, they are happy to be social. at about a year you get strong attachments that allows infants to explore new environments. it also means they have some sense of discriminating a particular person from other people. they have favorites. >> chimps and gorillas today develop motor skills quicker and lag mentally, but by that measure they are still very much like this. >> this is something at human -- that humans do. remember complex sequence of events. that's how we function be planning things ahead of time. this is showing us this gorilla has a plan. >> tanner and chirk earnest are studying this gorilla group at the san francisco zoom they are

saying great apes peak mentally unlike four years, unlike humans that continue to develop past their teens. this gorilla is engaging in an important part of bringing up baby. socialization, very much like what human mothers do with their infants. pediatricians are saying this is what makes a good mother. learning to respond to her baby. >> still to come on "a second look."

welcome back to a second look. ababy chimp abandoned by her mother gets a new adopted sister, also neglected by her mother. in 1996, bob headed to the oakland zoo, the two made their sleepily debut. it was a beautiful day at the oakland zoo, as the zoo's now

famous baby chimps made their first public appearance. the spectators were spellbound and the chimps were oblivious. they played with toys sticking close to their surrogate mom and amy was in a snooze and cuddle mode this morning and hanging onto the madeleine. but the babies, strangers three months ago, are hitting it off fine. >> the babies were young enough they were doing a lot of parallel play. now they are older you can see tons of interaction. >> the bay area has known the chimps through television. adramatic story. beginning with a scary situation in november, when amy's mother gave birth, but didn't recognize the baby as hers or know what to do it. chimps learn to be mothers from their mothers.

this chimp was abandoned and never learned. humans took on amy, a 24-hour problem. and and how to raise a chimp to be a chimp, not a human. a sister might help, and in january, another chimp arrived in san francisco from atlanta. she got a welcoming kiss, and a few days later met amy. she had been handled roughly be her mother and blinded in 1 eye -- one eye, the volunteers have to learn to be -- behave like chimp mothers and not human behaviors. they cannot grin at the babies. bearing teeth is a sign of aggression. today, they clack their teeth or smack their lips and groom the babies at chimp mothers do. >> we're doing our best to be good surrogate chimp moms and not to bring them up like human babies, but to respond to what the chimp business heavier is

and re-enforce their behavior when they give it inappropriate context. so they understand chimp manners and how to fit into a society and what is okay and thought okay to do. >> chimp society is hierarchal, and every chimp learns their place in the social picking order. but smaller chimps have a higher place if they are related to a dominant species. it is not what you know, but who you know. and a possible object for humans. mothers don't punish their children. only when they arrive at adolescences, do the parents start enforcing the rules. eventually, they hope they can be introduced to the chimp community in the large compound. for now they get to play. they got boulder later today, leaving her human mom to explore the area and tryout the climbing muscles. amy decided it was too hot and

spent the day mostly snoozing. >> 18 years later they both make their home at the oakland zoo can be visited there daily. life's running out of shaving stuff. and thankfully being able to find backups.

life's running out of shaving stuff. and thankfully being able to find backups. welcome back to a second

look. killer whales have a special relationship with their offspring. once a calf is born, they remain with their mother the rest of their lives. in 1995, john reported on the majestic animals and the controversy over keeping them in captivity. >> northwest indians call them mystical rulers of the sea. and scientists call them the biggest members of the dolphin family. we know them as killer whales. here breaching during their summer return to the straight near vancouver. killer whales are the largest creatures ever held captive. they have wowed millions with their intelligence, grace, and awesome power. a killer whale is also the star of a movie "free willie," the film and the just released sequel are about a captured killer whale returned to the child by a schoolboy and his

friends. in real life, no long-term captive killer whale has been released. but this one may soon be the first. the very whale filmed for free willie. he lives in a 12--foot deep pool in mexico city. and activists are saying it is a matter of conscious. his situation is cruel. >> like you or i living in a phone booth. the phone -- void of any social context, and natural breeding behavior, it is inhumane to take an animal and put it in that position. >> fisherman captured him as a 2-year-old baby. he has been in captivity 13 years. he is a good candidate for release. may be just the first of many. >> if you're going to release an animal into the wild, it has to have strong behaviors to make it. animals can lose that survival

knowledge very quickly. when they are in a protected environment like you have in ocean area. >> orchids have social animal. in the wild, they travel in extended family groups call pods. feeding together, and fending off sharks together, and nurturing their young together. and off springs will spend their lives with their mothers. experts are saying each pod has their own dialect of vocalization, their own language. this is the j pod off of vancouver island tape as few weeks ago. what is left of the family of this orca -- now in miami's aquarium, she was captured 25 years ago. >> it is not -- ethically correct to keep an animal in

cap tiskty that has such an integrated social structure. >> i feel after 15 years of working with these animals that they have as many happy days here that they would have out in the wild. >> in the wild, killer whales kill the liver. in the way, this small pod of killer whales attacked a much larger gray whale and her calf. in the struggle that followed, the killer whales drown the grays, ate their tongues. killer whales are the top predators and they hunt in groups, family units. >> they feed together. they ward off predators together and that, that socialization is the key part of their survival. >> everyone agrees without a family, a single killer whale would very likely starve to death. >> we can't find his family that is going to make it very difficult or impossible to release him back into the wild.

>> locating his family pod after nearly 13 years is just one hurdle, another is a learned behavior. in captivity, killer whales put on shows for food. some aquatic theme park breeds them, and the birth can be part of the show. however, the births usually went poorly. 27 recorded births in captivity, only nine survived. at first nearly all died from the same trouble that claimed this newborn, failure to nurse. the results are better. this might be evidence that humans don't fully understand killer whales. experts agree a re-- performing killer whale would have to learn natural tricks before it is released. how to find and capture live prey, and avoid predators, literally how to survive without humans. >> only a few number of cases where animals have been in captive environments for a few

weeks or months and been released successfully.

welcome back to a second look. the killer whale was born in the wild, but captured at the age of 2 and spent 20 years in captivity. as john reported back in 1999, the whale was brought to iceland in a multi-million dollar effort to see the orca swim free again. >> winter weather is setting in on the island, icy winds whipped the floating pen where the killer whale has spent the last 14 months.

watched around the clock by handlers. when storms break, the former star of the free willie movie stills leaps on command, responding to signals learned during years as a performing killer whale in mexico city. handlers here are saying they have been trying to wean him away from human contact. >> we don't want to make eye contact with him, and encourage him to watch our movements and follow what we're doing above water. difficult, you know, because we developed such a bond. but it is the best thing for him. >> they are hoping to release him into the wild as soon as high is ready, but he has not mastered catching live food. most of his diet is hand fed. you may recall that more than a year ago when we visited him at an aquarium, before he flew to

iceland. handlers have optimistic he would be released in a few months after the move and quickly figure out how to hunt. >> he is down on the bottom, he is looking at it. >> this is critical behavior. without it experts are saying he would starve in just a few weeks in the wild. critics point out that dolphins released in the ocean after captivity, never got over hand feeding and would have died if not rescued. the newly formed ocean society has just taken over the project. it is developing satellite tracker for him to wear if he is released and still searches the atlantic for his family group, listening for sounds similar to his vocalizations. experts are saying release us hill to his own family could boost his chance of survival. >> i don't think it is

essential. it would be nice. sounds good. very romantic. and, and i would like to see that happen. but that's not going to be a condition for him to go back to the wild. >> the primary condition is for him to learn to hunt on his own. handlers are saying when they make him hungry, he doesn't go for live fish. and as tourist boats visit, he spy hops to catch a glimpse of people. human imprints may be too strong. they set their sights on freeing akeepative killer whale, but may be learning a sad lesson about waging wild creatures. i'm john fowler, that is segment two for tonight. >> in the schumer of 2002, he was released into a wild and in a month ended up in norway. 870miles away. and he allowed feel people and play with him, and children crawled on his back for rides. keepers fed him and took him on

walks leading him around the ocean, but in december of 2003, he started to show signs of problems and suddenly died. vets are saying the cause was pneumonia. he was 27-year-old. and in new zealand, a dolphin needed help from a diver after getting caught in a pot. reese came to the aid of the killer whale in 2012 after he received a call from the department of conservation that the animal needed help. he said it was nervous when five large orcas started to swim around him. >> i went up to him, he didn't seem to mind. he seemed fine once i cut the rope and quickly swam away. >> no one in the world has been tagged by an orca in the wild. three people in captivity.

93-- no one in the wild. >> the trapped animal appeared to have teeth marks around his neck from other orcas trying to free him. this suspect in washington state puget sound, a celebrated birth of an orca calf. it was born in the sea, the first once since 2012. the baby is a welcome addition. the number of orcas in the area has dipped to just below 80. that's the lowest count in a decade. researchers attribute the population drop to the declining number of salmon. that is up -- it for this week's second look. captions provided by: caption colorado, llc. 1-800-775-7838. comments@captcolo.com.

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