you could scratch your way to instant winning. the pennsylvania lottery. bring your dreams to life. captioning funded by cbs and ford >> stahl: how common are attacks, cyber attacks against the u.s. military? >> it's common. >> stahl: a lot? every day? >> every day. >> stahl: dan kaufman has within monitoring the rise of cyber crime as the man in charge of inventing new ways for the department of defense the fight it. these computers have been hacked? >> yes. >> stahl: a former video game developer, he never served in the military. >> the number of attacks is increasing. the sophistication of attacks is increasing. >> whitaker: this is the man responsible for the largest and most damaging swiss bank heist in history. it doesn't involve stolen money but stolen computer files which are being used by governments all over the world to track down

thousands and thousands of tax cheats, and that's just part of the story. >> looking at these documents here, this is shocking. >> to the average american taxpayer, it's beyond shocking. >> they were beaten back with canes and clubs. >> simon: this is how cbs news covered the dangerous days in selma, alabama. [gunfire] 60 years later ava duvernay's recreation has a shock value, as well. >> hundreds of black people being beaten and threatened because they were in the quest for their dignity. >> simon: the movie has attracted praise, controversy and a couple of oscar nominations. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm bob simon. >> i'm bill whittaker. >> i'm scott pelley.

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>> stahl: the recent cyber- invasions of health insurer anthem, sony studios, and the military's twitter and youtube accounts highlight how hacking has morphed from a commercial nuisance to a matter of national security. the man the department of defense has tasked with inventing technology to wage this new internet war is dan kaufman. he heads the software innovation division of "darpa," the defense advanced research projects agency in charge of maintaining our military technological superiority. it makes sense that darpa is working on this-- after all, it invented the internet. but kaufman is an unexpected choice-- he's not a general or a scientist or engineer, he's a video gamer. call him "darpa dan," and he says it's only right that the agency that brought us the internet find a way to secure it. how common are attacks, cyber-

attacks, against the u.s. military? >> dan kaufman: it's common. >> stahl: it's common. a lot? >> kaufman: oh, yeah. >> stahl: every day? >> kaufman: every day. >> stahl: dan kaufman has been monitoring the rising cyber threat for six years as the head of darpa's information innovation office in arlington virginia. >> kaufman: the number of attacks is dramatically increasing. the sophistication of the attacks is increasing. so i... my job is not to wait for something catastrophic to happen and then say, "oh goodness, we should do something." my job is to say, "hmm, i see this trend line going. i want to be way ahead of this line." >> stahl: do you consider dealing with cyber war your main mission? >> kaufman: no. it's not my main mission, but it's about half my office. >> stahl: half your office is dealing with this? >> kaufman: absolutely. both offense and defense. >> stahl: one of their defensive inventions is this ambitious prototype that, when in operation, will be able to scan the military's global computer network and zero in on any machine that may have been hacked. >> kaufman: yellow nodes are the ones running our software, and the blue are the ones it's

interrogating or asking. >> stahl: within seconds, the compromised computers pop up as red dots. and the idea is that these computers have been hacked. >> kaufman: yes. >> stahl: and someone has control of them and is taking secret information away from the military. >> kaufman: exactly right. and before, as you saw, it'd be completely invisible to us because you're hiding among tens of thousands of computers around the world. now, you and i can see this very quickly and we know exactly what's going on. >> stahl: stunning, and in just a couple of minutes or less even. >> kaufman: more than that. from here, you could absolutely start, i could say, "let's shut that computer down. let's quarantine that computer off." >> stahl: if it looks like a video game, that's not entirely an accident. before darpa, kaufman made a fortune running several cutting- edge video game companies. his only military experience is make-believe. he helped invent the popular war game series "medal of honor." >> kaufman: and then 9/11 happened. and it shocked me to my soul.

and i thought, "i've lived incredibly well off this country and i want to give something back." but i have no idea how to work for the government. i mean, i had never thought about it. i'd never been to washington d.c. and i did what all nerds do-- i went to barnes and nobl. ( laughs ) and i got a big book-- it said "government jobs." it was a big book. and i thumbed through it. and i said, "i will find something and i will donate some time." and i decided i would hunt serial killers. so i cold-called the f.b.i. i'm sure i'm still on a list somewhere. and i said, "you don't know me but i want to do this." and they told me i was too old. >> stahl: 38 at the time, he missed the cut-off age for agents by one year. but eventually, his resume got noticed by the department of defense that saw an advantage to bringing in someone familiar with the language and hardware of video games, like the virtual reality oculus rift headgear he's experimenting with. so you're just using joy sticks.

you're just doing what any kid playing a videogame would be doing. >> kaufman: that's exactly right, except moving then into the world of actual science and cyber defense. >> stahl: now, darpa dan has top-secret clearance, though his department looks like an arcade. he has a team of 25 brainiacs and a budget of half a billion dollars a year. is everybody given a lot of freedom to pursue what they're interested in? >> kaufman: yes, you're given tremendous freedom. the only constraints on you are, one, it has to do something to help national security, so make the world a better, safer, more secure place. >> stahl: so, you're working for the military. >> kaufman: absolutely, part of the department of defense. and two, we don't do incremental improvement. so the idea is it has to be something really revolutionary. >> stahl: this man is working on artificial intelligence software that would detect a hacker attack in real time and plug it in milli-seconds with no humans involved. if such technology had been available to sony, that breach from north korea could have been plugged right as it happened.

when darpa first invented the internet 50 years ago, they just didn't imagine hacking would become such a problem. can the internet be fixed, or do we just have to throw this one out and build a whole new internet from scratch, with security built in? >> kaufman: i don't think the internet is broken. i think the things we put on the internet are broken. what we're doing is we're putting a lot of devices on it that are unsecure, and so... >> stahl: like what? give me an example. >> kaufman: pretty much everything. >> now you can control everything in your house with a smart phone. >> stahl: our devices are increasingly connected online in what's called the i.o.t, the "internet of things". >> unlock garage side door. >> affirmative, unlocking garage side door. >> kaufman: today, all the devices that are on the internet the "internet of things" are fundamentally insecure. there is no real security going on. >> always on. connected home. >> stahl: so connected homes could be hacked and taken over.

>> what is the house's temperature? >> stahl: there are already horror stories of this happening to baby monitors and smart kitchen appliances. so if somebody got into my refrigerator... >> kaufman: yes. >> stahl: ...through the internet, then they would be able to get into everything, right? >> kaufman: yeah, that's the fear, right. so the fear is, as everything becomes networked, right, so first, maybe they can mess with the refrigerator. you think, "well, that's bad it's not that horrible. your milk will go bad or..." it's sort of prankish, right? >> stahl: yeah, prankish. >> kaufman: but that refrigerator, of course, as everything becomes networked well, maybe that also happens to talk to your garage door, or even to your car itself. >> stahl: how many computers do you think is in a car like this? >> kathleen fisher: somewhere between 30 and 50. >> stahl: kathleen fisher, a darpa veteran, says a modern car is really a computer on wheels. you've seen the ads of your gps or smartphone linked to the dashboard, but this way, your car could be hacked and taken over remotely.

here we go! they showed us. >> fisher: you might look at the dashboard there... >> stahl: what am i looking at? oh! >> ready, lesley? >> fisher: all right! >> stahl: this is a regular new car. the masking tape is only there because we agreed to obscure its make and model. >> kaufman: we'll give them the illusion they control the car, for now. >> stahl: kaufman has been working on this for five years with multiple research teams. >> kaufman: we want to hit the fluids? >> stahl: oh, my gosh. >> kaufman: there we go. >> there we go. >> stahl: what's that? what's that? what's that? >> fisher: that's the windshield wiper fluid. >> stahl: no, wait. is... so this is something that a hacker... >> fisher: that's right. a hacker... they... obviously, you didn't turn on the windshield wipers. >> stahl: i did nothing. using a laptop, the hacker dialed the car's emergency communication system and transmitted a series of tones that flooded it with data. as the car's computer tried sorting it out, the hacker inserted an attack that reprogrammed the software, gaining total remote control. ( car horn blowing )

oh, my god. >> fisher: the horn. >> stahl: they're doing that? >> fisher: they're doing the horn. >> stahl: they could control the gas, the acceleration? they could control the breaking? >> fisher: that's right. that's right. and they could do this from anywhere in the world. >> kaufman: when they come out and they are facing straight there, like away from us, just saying... >> aha! >> kaufman: that's right. we'll just slam on the brakes. >> yeah, sure. >> stahl: oh. oh. oh. oh. >> and they're stuck. >> kaufman: she is... she is stuck dead. >> yeah. >> stahl: oh, my god. that was terrifying, actually. >> fisher: so, now, let's make another loop around. >> stahl: okay. >> fisher: so just stop at the cones here. >> kaufman: she thinks she's going to be able to stop right at those cones. let's make sure that she can't and she's going to drive right through them. >> all right. >> kaufman: we'll have complete control of that braking. >> here we go. >> stahl: oh, no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. >> fisher: brakes didn't work, right? >> stahl: i cannot... oh, my god. i can't operate the brakes at all. oh, my word. that is frightening. while there's no known case of a

car hacked this way, security cameras have shown cars burglarized by hackers unlocking doors. you can find software to do that online for $25. all this has alarmed senator ed markey. tomorrow, he is releasing a scathing report revealing that nearly all new cars can be hacked, but that only two out of 16 carmakers can "diagnose or respond to an infiltration in real time." >> what the theft program does is unlock the car's doors. >> stahl: darpa researchers got involved in hacking cars and the internet of things... patrick, are you really trying to hack into it? >> patrick: yes, i am. >> stahl: ...in an effort to invent unhackable code for military drones. and is your goal to do it for drones, and then have it apply to cars and my refrigerator and things like that. >> kaufman: exactly right. i think that when darpa's at its very best, we're solving a specific problem for the military, i want to make sure their systems are safe.

but i would like everything to be safe. >> stahl: and now, darpa dan is trying to reinvent search engines. traffickers who sell weapons or young girls online remain largely hidden from authorities. kaufman and his team set out to remedy that. first, they studied the time- consuming way law enforcement agents bust sex trafficking networks by clicking on one sex ad or link at a time on commercial search engines. >> kaufman: and we watched, and they did what you'd think. you know, they put an address of a massage parlor or something, and then they'd write it down on a yellow stickie, and then they'd try to build in each to each to each. and we looked at that, and we said, "there has to be a better way." >> stahl: especially considering that google and bing don't penetrate the dark web, where most illegal goods are advertised and sold. so darpa invented memex, with which you can click just one button and all the hidden information scattered deep in

the web about an illicit activity is pulled together and revealed. so the... you're building the network. >> chris white: building the network, that's right. >> stahl: chris white, who invented memex, showed us how, in the case of sex trafficking it can comb through all the sex ads online-- over 60 million-- and identify hundreds of names and numbers that link together and makeup an entire trafficking ring. how long did it take memex to figure this out? >> white: instantaneously. >> stahl: darpa's inventions can take over a decade before they are transplanted from the military into the broader market. but not in this case. >> cyrus vance, jr.: we started using memex about a year ago, in january of 2014. manhattan district attorney cyrus vance, jr., says new york is one of several cities already deploying memex to find sex traffickers. >> vance: we have 20 open investigations in which we are using the memex tools and eight open indictments. >> stahl: memex is so effective,

the white house has asked to see if it could be used to monitor isis. a downside is that memex could also invade our privacy. so, what do you do? you throw this out there, and it can do many good things, but there's the dark side. >> kaufman: there's always a dark side and it's something we wrestle with tremendously. our job is, a, to sort of say, "this is what it is. let's decide how do we want to use it." and then, two, with some of the new programs we're working on just beginning now, are there ways that i can get in here and still protect your privacy? >> stahl: how much of your time is spent inventing things for the n.s.a.? >> kaufman: almost none, actually. >> stahl: because a lot of this stuff could be used by them. >> kaufman: yes. >> stahl: he can't control how his inventions will be used. these aren't videogames, after all. but when it comes to beating the hackers out there, dan kaufman has total confidence. are you worried at all that by

showing us all the new wowie-doo things you're working on that you're going to give car thieves an idea, or you're going to give someone who wants to break into my refrigerator an idea, or a terrorist an idea? >> kaufman: i think they have lots of ideas on their own. and what i want them to know is that there's somebody smart on the other side who's going to make that way harder. i want to make them think twice. >> cbs money watch update sponsored by: >> good evening. the new prime minister of greece today vowed he would undo austerity measures seemingly putting him on a collision course with european partners. new numbers out today in china's economic slowdown, imports were down 20% last month. and the "wall street journal" published its final sunday print edition today. i'm jeff glor, cbs news.

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>> whitaker: the largest and most damaging swiss bank heist in history doesn't involve stolen money but stolen computer files with more than 100,000 names tied to swiss bank accounts at hsbc, the second largest commercial bank in the world. a 37-year-old computer security specialist named hervé falciani stole the huge cache of data in 2007 and gave it to the french government. it's now being used to go after tax cheats all over the world. "60 minutes," working with a group called the international consortium of investigative journalists, obtained the leaked files. they show the bank did business with a collection of international outlaws-- tax dodgers, arms dealers and drug smugglers-- offering a rare glimpse into the highly secretive world of swiss banking. this is the stolen data that's

shaking the swiss banking world to its core. it contains names, nationalities, account information, deposit amounts. but most remarkable are these detailed notes revealing the private dealings between hsbc and its clients. >> well, the amount of information here that has come public is extraordinary. absolutely, extraordinary. >> whitaker: few people know more about money laundering and tax evasion by banks than jack blum. he's a former u.s. senate staff investigator. we asked him to analyze the files for us. >> blum: if you read these notes, what you understand is the bank is trying to accommodate the secrecy needs of the client. and that's the first concern. >> whitaker: take the case of british citizen emanuel shallop. he was convicted for selling blood diamonds, those illegal gems used to finance conflicts in africa.

the documents show in 2005 hsbc knew shallop was under investigation, yet helped hide his assets. "we have opened a company account for him based in dubai," one entry read. "the client is very cautious currently because he is under pressure from belgian tax authorities, who are investigating his activities in the area of diamond tax fraud." >> blum: you get into the notes and you find that they offer various products: shell corporations, trusts, various ways of concealing the ownership of the account. they offer products that they're gonna give to the customer that will help with concealment. >> whitaker: concealment is what irish businessman john cashell got from hsbc. his file contained these notes by a bank employee: cashell's "preoccupation is with the risk of disclosure to the irish authorities." the employee went on, "i endeavored to reassure him that there is no risk of that happening."

cashell was later convicted of tax evasion. the bank files we examined contained more than 4,000 names of people with connections to the u.s., holding more than $13 billion in hsbc accounts. one was a new jersey realtor. the notes in her file reveal that she and her family wanted assurance that her assets would be well hidden from u.s. tax collectors. >> blum: and she expresses the concerns to the bank, which in turn reassure her that they will find ways to keep her name out of the sights of i.r.s. >> whitaker: this seems to be evidence of the bank actively helping clients evade, if not cheat. >> blum: of course. >> whitaker: you say, "of course." but for us, looking at these documents here, i... this-this is shocking. >> blum: first of all, for the average american taxpayer it's beyond shocking. >> whitaker: but perhaps not

that surprising. swiss banks have been caught protecting tax dodgers before, but never has this much detail been revealed. >> blum: under u.s. law, any bank that does that, that assists a u.s. person in evading u.s. tax, is guilty of a felony. and it doesn't matter where the bank is located or where the bankers are located. >> whitaker: so, we're looking at evidence of a felony here? >> blum: potentially, yes. >> whitaker: the bank notes also show hsbc was a popular place for people in trouble with the law to stash their assets. british citizen jeffery tesler was convicted by the u.s. of funneling $132 million in bribes to the nigerian government to win billion-dollar engineering contracts. we found he used his family's hsbc accounts as conduits for the bribes. the documents show bankers knew tesler was under investigation yet failed to shut down those accounts.

none of this would have surfaced had it not been for this man: hervé falciani, an hsbc computer security specialist at the geneva, switzerland, branch. he stole the data in 2007. he likes that he's been called the edward snowden of swiss banking. now a fugitive living in france, he says he grew disillusioned with what he saw at hsbc and began to download "proof" of illegal tax evasion: those internal bank files. the information you took was not just names but it was... >> falciani: no. >> whitaker: ...correspondence deposits, deposit numbers, wh... >> falciani: exactly. exactly. >> whitaker: how did you do it? >> falciani: friends, let's say, partners give... gave me these datas. >> whitaker: so, you had accomplices inside the bank. >> falciani: of course. i am not the only person in banking system that wants to raise alarm. >> whitaker: but swiss

authorities say falciani acted alone. when they came looking for him he fled to france and turned over his files to french authorities. >> eckert ( translated ): after he came to france, we realized his information was useful to us. we protected him and we used his skills to understand the documents. >> whitaker: christian eckert is secretary of state in charge of the budget of france. about six years ago falciani gave the french eight dvds of encrypted data. it took a year to decipher the information. eckert told us almost every french citizen on the list was evading taxes. >> eckert ( translated ): we have already reclaimed $250 to $300 million dollars from penalties and back taxes. >> whitaker: french authorities began to disperse the falciani list to other countries. the europeans went after tax evaders and so far have collected hundreds of millions of dollars. since 2010, billions of dollars have been recovered worldwide. the hunt for tax cheats is

ongoing. >> serge michel: i think this leak is the biggest banking leak ever. >> whitaker: ever? >> michel: ever, yes. >> whitaker: serge michel is an editor of le monde, france's leading newspaper. le monde was first to obtain the secret hsbc files, leaked by a french investigator with access to the data falciani stole. overwhelmed by the mountain of information, the paper called on the international consortium of investigative journalists, which gathered more than 140 reporters from 45 countries, who spent more than seven months digging through it all. "60 minutes" was the only u.s. news organization included. >> michel: "le monde" can deal with 3,000 french names, but it cannot deal with 120,000 names all around the world. we understood it's too big for us and we can't have "le monde" reporters working on italian greeks, chinese, and american names. >> whitaker: hsbc declined to

respond on camera to what journalists found in the files but acknowledged to us the bank had been used to evade taxes in the past. in a written statement the bank said it "has undergone a radical transformation that began in 2008." it says it will no longer do business with clients it suspects of evading taxes. but repercussions of the bank's earlier activities still are being felt. in 2012, the u.s. found hsbc laundered hundreds of millions of dollars of drug cartel money. as a result, the bank had to pay $1.9 billion in settlement. >> blum: for these big banks the fines that have been imposed amount to a parking ticket. >> whitaker: $1.9 billion in fines is a drop in the bucket for hsbc? >> blum: exactly. maybe one quarter's profits.

>> whitaker: as for hervé falciani, he's still a wanted man. in december swiss authorities charged him with industrial espionage. he says he's a whistleblower. the swiss say he's a thief. his ex-girlfriend considers him a con man. when falciani first took the files, she traveled with him to beirut. she told a british filmmaker he had hoped to sell the data and make millions. she says she discovered he was a liar and a manipulator. falciani says he shopped the files around beirut, hoping to set off alarms and trigger an investigation back in switzerland. but as we learned after spending time with falciani, the truth can be elusive. the young woman you were traveling with says that you were trying to sell this information in lebanon? >> falciani: of course not. she didn't know at the time. i wanted... i wanted just to

trigger alert. >> whitaker: so you...you were using her? >> falciani: yeah. >> whitaker: so, you're manipulating her? >> falciani: excuse me. who is not manipulating? manipulating just the way to proceed, to convince that what you're doing is important. is no... nothing more than that. everyone is manipulating. >> whitaker: falciani did trigger an international alert... for his arrest. he became a man on the run. over the next four years his strange saga became absolutely bizarre. he says there were attempts on his life and that he was kidnapped by israeli mossad intelligence agents, things we could not substantiate. what we know for sure is that he ended up in a spanish jail for five months, fighting extradition, and made court appearances wearing disguises, saying he feared for his life. i've read mossad, kidnappings, shootings, disguises, fake names. come on, is this guy for real?

>> falciani: yeah, this is real. this is real. everything is real. >> whitaker: you know how fantastical this all sounds? >> falciani: yeah. but i can assure you i was not prepared for that. >> whitaker: today, he's a hero in parts of europe for helping recover billions in unpaid taxes. he says he hasn't profited from any of this and has been reduced to collecting unemployment. did he get paid in any way for the information that he turned over to the french government? >> eckert ( translated ): he was never paid by the french government. i know other countries buy information from certain bank employees, but it is not the case in france. >> whitaker: did you want to be paid for this? >> falciani: i want it, of course. i deserve that. i... >> whitaker: you deserve to be paid? >> falciani: ...deserved. but i knew that in europe it was impossible. >> whitaker: it does leave one wondering if you did this for high-minded purpose, or because, as you were saying, you thought

there was profit in this? >> falciani: yeah, common profits. i have no problem with profit. i knew that at the same time i could have both. >> michel: what is important is not really the man. what is important is the data that he provided. >> whitaker: it sounds like what you are saying his motives may not have been great? >> michel: yes. >> whitaker: but the result of what he did has been a good thing? >> michel: has been a transformative thing. this is something that can change laws and practices all over the world. >> whitaker: when the interview with falciani was over, the man responsible for the biggest breach and leak in swiss banking history left the way he'd arrived at our meeting: through the streets of paris on his scooter.

>> and now a cbs sports update brought to you by pfizer. sad news in the world of college basketball today. coaching legend dean smith has passed away at the age of 83. he amassed 879 win won two national championships in his 36 seasons in north carolina. scores from college basketball today include indiana topping michigan and iowa upsetting maryland. they've now lost three of their last five games. for more sports news and information, go to cbssports.com. this is steve obermeyer reporting. along with support (varenicline) is proven to help people quit smoking. chantix helped reduce my urge to smoke. some people had changes in behavior, thinking or mood hostility, agitation, depressed mood and suicidal thoughts or actions while taking or after stopping chantix. some people had seizures while taking chantix. if you have any of these stop chantix and call your doctor right away. tell your doctor about any history of mental health problems, which could get worse while taking chantix or history of seizures. don't take chantix if you've had a serious allergic or skin reaction to it. if you develop these stop chantix and see your doctor

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factory of america; the other, a small southern town where, 50 years ago, history was written in blood. ava duvernay has a foot in both worlds. in hollywood, the movie she's directed about martin luther king and the civil rights struggle in selma has attracted both lavish praise and considerable controversy. and she has deep family ties to the backwoods around selma where the ku klux klan once reigned and where people have long memories of painful times past. herewith, our tale of two cities. >> ava duvernay: you know, the thing that i was really interested in doing with the film is making king more than a catchphrase, more than a holiday, more than a street name in a black neighborhood, more than a stamp, more than one speech. i mean, i wanted him to be a man, a living, breathing man. >> david oyelowo: those who have gone before us say, "no more! no more!" that means protest....

>> simon: in duvernay's film the british actor david oyelowo does indeed make king come alive. it's a vivid retelling of those dangerous days in 1965 when, in selma and much of the south, the right to vote was reserved for whites, and blacks were given impossibly difficult tests to get on the voting rolls. >> how many county judges in alabama? >> 67. >> name them. >> simon: the flash point in selma came when voting rights marchers crossed this bridge one sunday, hoping to take their case all the way to the state capital of montgomery, 50 miles away. >> you are ordered to disperse.

>> simon: this is the real-life version of what happened at the foot of that bridge, described in 1965 by cbs news correspondent bill stout. >> bill stout: they were beaten back with canes and clubs and whips and tear gas and nausea gas. the screams of the marchers and the thud of the clubs and hoof beats were carried by television to an unbelieving america. >> simon: and 50 years later ava duvernay's recreation of that moment has a shocking power as well. ( crowd screaming ) >> duvernay: hundreds of black citizens running, being beatn, being bludgeoned because they were in a quest for their own freedom and dignity. >> simon: then, as now, the bridge bore the name of edmund pettus, a confederate general and leader of the alabama ku klux klan. >> duvernay: the bridge still

honors the grand dragon of the k.k.k. >> simon: well, what do you think of that? >> duvernay: i took great pleasure in directing scenes on this bridge. i imagined him turning over in his grave a little bit thinking, "where did it all go wrong? this was not supposed to happen." and rising... >> simon: and by hollywood odds, ava duvernay's rise to prominence shouldn't have happened, either. women directors are rare enough, making only 4% of the films, according to one study. and a woman director of color is virtually unheard of. >> duvernay: cut! >> simon: do you think that the fact that your film "selma" is such an important event that this, in and of itself, is going to be a big step in the direction of enabling future people to do it? >> duvernay: i don't know. i don't know. i'm not a big believer in one... you know, one person that's a door opener. because i can open a door, but if there's no one coming through it or if the door is allowed to close right after me, it doesn't mean much. action! >> simon: she may be a relative newbie as a director, but she's an old hand at the business of

selling films. she worked just out of camera range for years as a publicist on movies such as "dream girls" and "the help," planning premieres, arranging photo ops getting the word out. >> slow down! >> simon: on the set of the movie "collateral" several years... >> michael mann: there should be one coming right at us. >> simon: ...she watched director michael mann in action and decided to try directing herself. she made some low budget films that were well received, which eventually led to her first film for a major studio, "selma." you'd never done anything like that before-- all the people all the sets, everything. >> duvernay: i had as a publicist. as a publicist... have you ever done a red carpet shut down hollywood boulevard, mann's chinese theater? >> simon: i have never... >> duvernay: it's the... >> simon: ...been invited. >> duvernay: it's the... next time, we'll invite you. it's people, it's coordination it's organization. it's mass scale in terms of everything falling into line. so, my cameramen are going to be walking and moving along the

crowd. >> simon: in short, it's what movie directors do. you exude confidence. but are you saying that you weren't the slightest bit intimidated? >> duvernay: you know, i was not. i felt in pocket, you know? >> simon: what does that mean, "in pocket?" >> duvernay: i felt that i was in the place that i should be. i had made five films before that time. my not making me a film of this size was not by choice. it was not because i couldn't do it. it's because no one was handing me $20 million to make a picture. i found myself really wanting to come back here... >> simon: a californian by birth, duvernay visited alabama every summer as a kid. her father's family has worked the land for decades in hard- scrabble lowndes county, not far from selma, where the klan once had free reign. >> duvernay: there was no one protecting anyone out here. you're in the open fields. you're... you're housing and feeding civil rights workers that come in.

someone comes and burns a cross on your lawn. you can't call the police, because it was the police. this is my mother, mrs. maye-- darlene maye-- and this is my aunt, zenobia whiting. >> simon: ms. whiting is 93. she remembers the tests people had to take at the polls, and one thing more. >> zenobia whiting: and they had to pay to vote. >> duvernay: pay to vote-- the poll taxes. >> whiting: yes. >> stout: two weeks after that clash at the bridge, instead of the 600 or so turned back then by lawmen, there were 4,000 marchers from all parts of the nation. they went all the way to montgomery, and on a street corner in the capital... here? >> murray maye: yes. >> simon: duvernay's father murray maye watched the historic parade. he was 11. >> murray maye: i just saw a bunch of people walking by waving and singing the old songs, you know? >> ♪ you gotta vote when the spirits say vote... ♪ >> simon: you saw the march

going by, and your daughter makes a film about it. >> murray maye: yes, i'm very proud of her. she's bringing it to light. >> duvernay: and action! >> simon: but when she started on the film, he had no idea what a major production it was, closing streets and closing the bridge. >> murray maye: i really did not realize it was that big until, one day, i walked on the set and saw her directing. took my heart away. >> simon: i bet it did. >> murray maye: yes, that was the moment. >> mr. president, dr. king. >> simon: her film won generally rave reviews. but some critics and historians took issue with the portrayal of lyndon johnson. >> now, you demanding more and putting me on the spot with this visit, that's okay. that's your job, that's what you do. but i am sick and tired of you demanding and telling me what i can and what i can't do. >> simon: to the critics, the movie suggested that the president, played by tom wilkinson, was more hindrance than help to king in getting a voting rights bill passed-- patronizing, some said. >> tom wilkinson: george, why are you doing this?" >> simon: and one historian saw the johnson of the film as a

kinder, gentler version of alabama's segregationist governor, george wallace. douglas brinkley said that you portrayed l.b.j. as george wallace light. >> duvernay: i disagree. i mean, it's as simple as that. history is to be interpreted through the lens of the people who are reading it and experiencing it on the page or at the time, and this is my interpretation. >> simon: you were quoted as saying-- tell me if it's correct-- that you were not interested in making a white savior film. >> duvernay: sure. i'm interested in having people of color at the center of their own lives. we don't need to be saved by anyone. we do not have to have someone sweeping in on a white horse or someone saving the day or assisting us in our own narrative, and so that's what that means. >> simon: the people who were friends and comrades of martin luther king, as i understand it, had no problem with the film whereas the people who were comrades and friends of l.b.j. have been dumping all over you. >> duvernay: i think the thing that folks are talking about

around l.b.j. is that he was a vigorous champion of civil rights. he did turn out to be that, but he didn't start that way. to try to push the idea that he was always 100% in the corner of the black man and woman in america is to not know your history. >> simon: it's true that, in his first 20 years in congress johnson stood with the solid south in opposing civil rights legislation, but had a change of heart in 1957. >> lyndon johnson: at times, history and fate meet at a single time, in a single place. >> simon: but, as the film does show, after selma, johnson did push the historic voting rights act through congress. >> johnson: and we shall overcome. >> simon: ava duvernay's film had been considered a strong contender in the oscar nominations-- best actor perhaps, for oyelowo, and maybe

a best director nomination for duvernay, the first for an african-american woman. >> the best picture nominees. they are "selma"... >> simon: "selma" did make the best picture list. but to the surprise of many, duvernay and oyelowo were passed over. people thought you were shortchanged. >> duvernay: over the last, i don't know, three months since we debuted the picture in november, how many people came up to me, "you are going to be the first black woman to blah, blah, blah." every time it was said to me, i just moved it aside because i never, i never thought it would happen anyway. so, when the nomination didn't come, it didn't do damage to me. i think for david, that... that hurt my feelings. >> for performance by an actor in a leading role... >> simon: and they weren't alone. all 20 oscar nominations for acting went to whites, and not a single woman was nominated for writing or directing. for the movie academy, the hollywood headlines were not

pleasant. the "oakland tribune" wrote, "and the oscar for best caucasian goes to..." >> brent lang: i would personally hope that the academy takes some of this criticism to heart and really doubles down in its efforts to promote diversity within its ranks. brent lang is the senior film reporter at "variety," the show business bible. lang says a survey of the moviemakers who actually do the oscar voting is instructive. >> lang: academy voters were 94% caucasian and 77% male, and african americans comprised about 2% of the voting body, and latinos comprised less than 2% and that's just not reflective of the american public. and it's actually not reflective of who is buying tickets to films. if you look at it, the two largest growing segments of the audience are latinos and african americans. >> simon: over the martin luther king holiday weekend, ava duvernay and oprah and the others went back to selma for a

celebration of the film. no matter what happens at the oscars, the town gave them the full red carpet treatment. >> common: freedom is like religion to us.... >> simon: on the very bridge where it all happened, musicians common and john legend performed "glory," which got an oscar nomination for best song. >> john legend: ♪ one day, when the war is won ♪ we will be sure, we will be sure ♪ oh, glory... ♪ >> simon: and in a march through town commemorating what happened here, there was frederick reese, the teacher and voting rights activist who invited martin luther king to join the selma crusade. reese turns 86 this year, the same age king would be, had he lived.

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>> whitaker: now, an update on a story we called "house of cards," one of a series of stories steve kroft reported on how the mortgage crisis grew into the great recession. that's when wall street bundled collections of dicey mortgages and sold them to investors as high-quality bonds. >> kroft: turning sows' ears into silk purses, all with the blessing of the rating agencies like standard & poor's. >> whitaker: this past week,

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