captioning funded by cbs and ford. we go further, so you can. >> for the past 46 days, most of the american territory of puerto rico has been without power, the longest blackout in american history. an island devastated by the monster hurricane "maria." unsure of the island's future and their own, an exodus is underway, with many heading to new puerto rican communities in the united states. >> the u.s. citizens here are going to go to where they can get equal conditions. now is that something that the united states wants? >> well, isn't that something that's already happening? >> it... it is already happening. >> when the fog rolls in over san francisco, the skyscrapers live up to the name.

among them, the millennium tower, 58 stories of opulence. opened in 2009, it was the tallest residential building west of the mississippi. though priced in the millions, inventory moved quickly, attracting tech barons, bankers and san francisco football hero joe montana. yet for all it's curb appeal, the building has one major fundamental problem: it's sinking into mud and tilting toward its neighbors. >> we cannot explain what you are about to hear. science doesn't know enough about the brain to make sense of alma. alma deutscher is an accomplished british composer in the classical style. she is a virtuoso on the piano and the violin. and she is 12 years old. people compare you to mozart. what do you think of that? >> of course, i love mozart, and i would have loved him to be my teacher. but i think i would prefer to be the first alma than to be a

second mozart. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm jon wertheim. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories, tonight on "60 minutes." i want the most out of my health and life. so i trust nature made vitamins. because they were the first to be verified by usp for quality and purity standards. and because i recommend them as a pharmacist. nature made, the #1 pharmacist recommended vitamin and supplement brand. ronoh really?g's going on at schwab. thank you clients? well jd power did just rank them highest in investor satisfaction with full service brokerage firms... again. and online equity trades are only $4.95... i mean you can't have low cost and be full service. it's impossible. it's like having your cake and eating it too. ask your broker if they offer award-winning full service and low costs. how am i going to explain this? if you don't like their answer, ask again at schwab.

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you matched everything i earned this year? yeah. whoo! more money! more money! it's all very exciting. i'm going to spread the news! spread it wide! it's cashback match people! people! you know that. you all work here. new cardmembers get a dollar-for-dollar match at the end of their first year. only from discover. >> kroft: it's safe to say that of all the places in the country, the one that is suffering the most right now is the hurricane ravaged island of puerto rico. most people probably don't think of it as being part of the united states, but the people who live in puerto rico

certainly do. it's been a territory since 1898, and its 3.4 million people are u.s. citizens. for the past 46 days, most of them have been without power and remain so tonight, the longest blackout in american history. fema says it has distributed more food and water there than any disaster its ever been involved in. damages could reach $90 billion, and puerto rico is already bankrupt. there has been some finger pointing about the speed and effectiveness of the relief and recovery effort, but the misery there has much more to do with nature. when hurricane maria arrived on the morning of september 20, it was largely unheralded and never projected to hit the continental united states, which was already suffering hurricane fatigue. but the storm tore into puerto rico with sustained winds of 155

miles an hour and then began a slow 12-hour crawl across the countryside, with the center of the storm enveloping the entire island. >> governor ricardo rosselló: storms that come through puerto rico typically hit part of the island. this hurricane essentially went right through the middle of puerto rico. >> kroft: there was no safe haven. >> rosselló: there was no safe haven. >> kroft: ricardo rosselloó is the 38-year-old governor of puerto rico. he's been in office for only ten months and was one of the first to inspect the damage. >> rosselló: once we flew over the island, it looked like a bomb hit puerto rico. it was just all wiped out. it is a different set of circumstances, and whoever doesn't understand that really needs to... to look at this twice. >> kroft: there are all sorts of circumstances that make it unfair to compare puerto rico's situation with those in post hurricane texas and florida.

first, it's an island a thousand miles away from the u.s. mainland with washed out roads, destroyed bridges, unreliable communications and, in most places, still no electricity. >> héctor pesquera: what happened here is that within a 24-hour period, life as we knew it in the island just collapsed. it was a brand-new island the 24 hours later. there is no food. there is no water. there is no gasoline. there is no diesel. there is no power. there is no running water. there is no banks. there is no a.t.m.s. there's nothing. >> kroft: before he retired, heéctor pesquera was the special agent in charge of the f.b.i. office in miami. now, the native puerto rican is back home directing emergency services and public safety for the island, one of three people running the recovery along with the governor's office and fema. >> pesquera: we need to create some sense of normality here. we have to. we owe it to people. and we can't stay in... in... in day two. we need help. we need real help. we can't do it ourselves. there's no way.

neither could any jurisdiction, either. >> kroft: another difference with florida and texas is the puerto rican terrain, especially in the mountainous middle of the island, which was hardest hit by maria and is the most difficult to reach. we caught a ride in a black hawk helicopter with the governor, who pointed out all of the damaged homes lucky enough to get a fema-issued blue tarp to serve as an emergency roof. there is a serious shortage. >> rosselló: there's still about another 200,000 homes that probably need a blue tarp. >> kroft: 200,000? >> rosselló: our estimates are that about 250,000 homes have been either completely destroyed or severely damaged. >> kroft: we were on our way to the isolated town of utuado, parts of which were cut off from civilization after a raging arecibo river knocked out a key bridge. the people here call it the camp of the forgotten, and ferry supplies back and forth across

the gap using a shopping cart on pulleys. on the other side of the river, we found hundreds of people gathered to receive emergency food and water. the mayor told us it's a daily occurrence. what's the biggest problem here right now? >> mayor of utuado: the biggest problem here is the water. i need water to the people. >> kroft: there are still 15,000 people here helping, most of them military and national guard who could be gone in a matter of months. fema, the federal emergency management agency, is in it for the long haul. its man on the ground is mike byrne, who came here with a lot of other people in this room from hurricane harvey in texas. >> byrne: just because it's not my first rodeo, it doesn't mean it's not a rough ride. >> kroft: along with the army corps of engineers, byrne will be planning and coordinating what he hopes will be the island's eventual recovery.

have you gotten beyond the assessment stage, or are you still in the assessment stage? >> byrne: we're not only still in the assessment stage, we're still in the emergency stage. you know, we're still giving out water. we're still giving out food. we're doing a million meals a day, over a million liters of water a day. we're still powering hospitals with generators. so, we still have a long way to go before we're able to even just get out of emergency response. >> kroft: how long do you think you're going to be here? >> byrne: a long time. we're really rebuilding the core infrastructure of the island. >> kroft: the immediate and the long-term problem is electricity, or the lack thereof. after 46 days, the vast majority of puerto ricans are still in the dark, living without lights, refrigeration, television, computer networks, wi-fi, air conditioning, traffic lights and offices to go to. it's not just the downed utility poles and power lines that are literally everywhere, it's giant

transmission towers and high tension wires in remote parts of the island. >> pesquera: and this is where the lines came down. >> kroft: heéctor pesquera says more than 170 towers are down and the power grid completely destroyed. >> pesquera: the... the grid, the electrical grid to me is the backbone of all these things starting to come up. until we get this grid thing resolved, it's going to be very slow. but you can't run emergency power 24/7. that's why it's called emergency power. >> kroft: to get some sense of how arduous the task of restoring power to neighborhoods and businesses will be, a good person to talk to is lieutenant general todd semonite, who runs the army corps of engineers. >> semonite: the last mile is going to take a long, long time. and these are probably 62,000 power poles that have to be brought in from the united states, that have to be shipped here over water. and then, you're going to run 6,100 miles of cable. so, just the magnitude of that program, do you want it done in a couple weeks? of course you do.

but the science and the engineering and the logistics to be able to make that happen is just going to take some time. >> kroft: how long do you think this is going to take? >> semonite: we're going to push like heck. i think the majority of people will hope to have their power up in... in january, maybe february. i would predict there's some people on that last mile that are going to be close to spring or summer before they get those very, very last houses. >> kroft: some of that work will have to be done by the puerto rican electric power authority, or prepa, which is where the damage from hurricane maria intersects with the island's financial crisis- at a point called reality. prepa is responsible for $9 billion of the government's $73 billion in debt, and the power company was falling apart before the storm hit, with no money, no maintenance and apparently no management. not even governor rosselló would defend it. many people in puerto rico see prepa as a big, fat corrupt political organization. >> rosselló: right. >> kroft: do you disagree with that? >> rosselló: not necessarily.

let me put it in this context. you have a monopoly of an essential service that is four or five times more costly than in the united states. and yet, you're... you're running on the... the red. so, it's... it's as if i had a... the only bakery in town. i was charging five times the... the cost of bread loaves to the townsmen, and i was still losing money. that's what's happening with prepa. >> kroft: eight months ago, the governor appointed ricardo ramos to run the bankrupt utility. are you still sleeping here? >> ramos: no. only on weekdays. >> kroft: he quickly discovered that pressure from debt holders demanding payment had forced prepa to cut corners on maintenance and other necessary services. you've been in this job since march? >> ramos: march 10. >> kroft: what did you inherit? >> ramos: i inherited a junker. >> kroft: the power company has lost two-thirds of its workforce

in the past three years, and, after maria, the junker is for all practical purposes totaled. >> ramos: we have no money. we have to recognize it. and no credit. >> kroft: it's taking forever to get contractors and heavy equipment onto the island and out in the field. already there's been a whiff of scandal after prepa signed a questionable contract potentially worth $300 million with an obscure but well- connected montana contractor called whitefish that was already up and running. the contract, since cancelled, is now under investigation. the bankrupt puerto rican government has even bigger problems. it's $73 billion in the hole after flooding the market with municipal bonds it can't pay off. its finances are now being monitored by an oversight board created by congress. for the time being, old debt payments have been suspended as the island confronts hurricane damages that could exceed $90

billion. is it realistic to think that you can come up with $90 billion? >> rosselló: well, you know, those are the damages. what i'm asking is for is fairness. what i'm asking is, give the citizens, the u.s. citizens in puerto rico, equal treatment to the u.s. citizens in texas, florida and california and the u.s. >> kroft: what is the responsibility of the united states government to its territories like puerto rico? >> rosselló: we are u.s. citizens. we fight the same wars that u.s. citizens that live in the mainland fight. we... you know, it is the condition of being a colonial territory. just to give you a sense, if i move to the united states, to... to one of the... any of the states, i get the right to vote for the president, for my house rep, for senators and so forth. if you move to puerto rico, you lose those rights. it doesn't make any... any sense that we have a sort of second- class citizenship in the 21st

century. >> kroft: when you say puerto rico's a colony of the united states, what do you mean exactly? >> rosselló: well, it... it is a colonial territory. we are a possession of the united states. congress has full authorization power over... over puerto rico. >> kroft: so, what's to stop the congress from saying, "i'm sorry, but, you know, you know we got california and florida and texas to take care of, and you're just a u.s. possession." >> rosselló: well, you know what's going to happen then? all... vast majority of puerto ricans are going to catch a flight and move to one of those states. our only transaction to go to the united states is buying an airplane ticket. that's it. you don't even need a passport. so, if conditions are so dire here, the u.s. citizens here are going to go to where they can get equal conditions. now is that something that the united states wants? >> kroft: well, isn't that something that's already happening? >> rosselló: it... it is already happening. >> kroft: you can see it every day at the san juan airport.

there are tearful goodbyes as families break up and head off to start a new life on the mainland-- the "jetblue solution," they call it. more than 100,000 have left since maria struck puerto rico 46 days ago. some will return, many won't. in the last decade, nearly a half a million have resettled to new puerto rican communities in places like kissimmee, florida, outside orlando, where they gather at the millao bakery every sunday after church. whatever happens back home on the island in the tough years ahead, it will require the help of puerto rican americans wherever they live.

>> cbs money watch sponsored by lincoln financial, helping you protect those you love most. >> quijano: good evening. wireless carriers sprint and t-mobile this weekend pulled the plug on their potential mega merger. in order stop, macy's and j.s.meny report earnings this week. and united airlines retires its last 747 jumbo jet. i'm elaine quijano, cbs news.

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because who wouldn't want...that? ask your doctor about opdivo. see opdivotv.com for this and other indications. bristol-myers squibb thanks the patients, nurses, and physicians involved in opdivo clinical trials. >> wertheim: it's a story as old as cities themselves: prosperity comes to town and triggers a building boom. in modern san francisco, rows of skyscrapers have begun lining the downtown streets and recasting the skyline, monuments to the triumph of the tech sector. leading this wave, the millennium tower.

58 stories of opulence, it opened in 2009 to great acclaim, then the tallest residential building west of the mississippi. though priced in the millions, the inventory of posh apartments moved quickly. yet for all its curb appeal, the building has quite literally one fundamental problem: it's sinking into mud and tilting toward its neighbors. engineering doesn't often make for rollicking mystery, but san francisco is captivated by the tale of the leaning tower and the lawsuits it's spawned. it's a story positioned-- albeit at an angle-- somewhere between civic scandal and civic curiosity, an illustration of what can happen when zeal for development overtakes common sense. ( foghorn ) when the fog rolls in over san francisco, the skyscrapers live up to the name. the transamerica pyramid, long the gem of this skyline, now dwarfed, quaint as a cable car. the new salesforce tower stands

as the tallest building in town. nearby, facebook just took out the city's largest lease on this building. and across the way, the millennium tower at 301 mission street, 645 feet of reinforced concrete wrapped in glass. inside the $550 million construction, as advertised-- lavish condominiums flush with amenities, attracting tech barons and venture capitalists. san francisco royalty, former 49ers quarterback joe montana, bought here. >> pat dodson: it's a wonderful location. >> wertheim: so did jerry and pat dodson. eight years ago, they paid $2.1 million for a two-bedroom and planned to live out their retirement enjoying the sweeping view from the 42nd floor. >> pat dodson: everything i had read indicated that it was the best building in san francisco. it had won numerous awards. it had particularly won awards for construction, which was very important if you're thinking of moving into a high rise. >> wertheim: initially no buyer's remorse? >> pat dodson: absolutely not.

>> jerry dodson: no, not at all. i mean, in fact, buyer euphoria. >> wertheim: one feature the dodson's hadn't counted on... these devices are what? >> jerry dodson: they're stress gauges. >> wertheim: dozens of stress gauges dot the walls of the millennium tower's basement. they measure in millimeters the slow growth of cracks along the columns that rise up from the building's foundation. >> jerry dodson: there's enough of them, a spider web of cracks, that you have to be concerned about what's going on underneath. >> wertheim: these cracks are one of the only visual clues that there's anything profoundly wrong here. these are the rounds you do now? >> jerry dodson: yeah, i've been told by structural and geotechnical engineers that i should be watching. >> wertheim: both an engineer and a lawyer, dodson makes daily rounds of the basement looking for signs of deterioration. it's a routine he's kept since the homeowner's association called a meeting of residents in may of 2016. >> pat dodson: they just said we should be there and made us sign in, which alerted us at that time that there was something serious.

>> wertheim: so, what was the nature of that meeting? >> pat dodson: it was the first time we were told that the building was sinking and was tilting. >> wertheim: engineers for the tower's developer have tracked sinking here since the day the foundation was poured in 2006. nothing unusual about that. here's what is unusual: their data shows the millennium tower sinking-- 17 inches so far- and tilting 14 inches to the northwest. >> aaron peskin: let me ask you this: what do you think is going on? why is this happening? what can be done about it? >> wertheim: once news got out, local politicians seized on the story. >> engineer: i don't know. >> wertheim: and the very engineers celebrated for the building's design suddenly were being compelled to explain why the building was moving. >> woman: if you'd like to speak, please do approach the mic. >> wertheim: when the millennium hearings opened to public comment, it brought some livelier moments. >> man: i think what's needed here in the city by the bay, where everybody thinks everything's okay, but they might want to hear what i've got to say. >> wertheim: this, after all, being san francisco- a city once

described as 49 square miles surrounded by reality. aaron peskin has a certain vitality himself. a long-time city supervisor, he starts most days with a swim in the bay, then meets constituents at a north beach coffee shop where the millennium tower is a popular topic. peskin is leading hearings into what is causing the trouble. you subpoenaed some of the engineers involved with millennium tower. why? >> peskin: we don't generally like to subpoena people. that power has not been used by the san francisco board of supervisors for some quarter of a century. >> wertheim: 25 years, you've never issued a subpoena before? >> peskin: that's correct. >> wertheim: when you got them in here, what did you learn? >> peskin: their answers were less than satisfactory. nobody has owned up to why this building is not performing. >> wertheim: some homeowners aren't waiting around to find out. andrew faulk and frank jernigan, who worked at google when it was still a start-up, got all the answers they needed when they rolled a marble across their floor.

>> jernigan: we didn't do it but once, and this is what we got. we were shocked when that thing stopped, turned around and started rolling back. >> faulk: back to where the building is tilting. >> wertheim: the northwest side. >> jernigan: i thought, "we don't know if this building's going to stand up in an earthquake." and so, i became severely frightened of that. >> faulk: and we got out. we left. we left really most all of our belongings. we just left. >> wertheim: the couple sold their apartment earlier this year and moved to a two-story home in the pacific heights neighborhood. >> jernigan: we sold it for approximately half of what it was valued at before this news came to light. >> wertheim: you lost seven figures... >> jernigan: yes. >> wertheim: ...on the sale of this apartment? >> jernigan: yes. >> faulk: that's right. >> jernigan: i would say we lost $3 million to $4 million. >> wertheim: speaking of astronomical figures... ( bell ) half a world away, in a suburb of amsterdam, san francisco's

sinking tower came across the radar of petar marinkovic, an engineer who works with the european space agency to track earthquakes. using signals from a satellite 500 miles above the earth, marinkovic measures ground movements around fault lines. in 2016, he happened to be studying the bay area when something caught his eye. this is obviously downtown san francisco. what do the green dots represent? >> marinkovic: green dots represent stable, no displacement or no significant displacement. >> wertheim: stable structures? >> marinkovic: stable structures, yeah. >> wertheim: and the red dots? >> marinkvoc: few red dots means something's going down. something's settling. something's subsiding. something's sinking. >> wertheim: did you know what it was? >> marinkovic: no. >> wertheim: had you heard of millennium tower before this? >> marinkovic: no. >> wertheim: ever been to san francisco? >> marinkovic: no. >> wertheim: what can you tell us about the rate of sinking? >> marinkovic: it's in the ballpark of... between 1.5 to two inches a year. >> wertheim: 1.5 to two inches a year? >> marinkovic: yeah, yeah. >> wertheim: and there's nothing to suggest the sinking and tilting are slowing down, much less stopping. but is it dangerous?

as recently as this past summer, the city of san francisco and its engineers asserted the building is safe even in the event of an earthquake. even so- and this is a central theme to this saga-- there are as many opinions about the trouble at the millennium tower as there are engineers in the bay area. >> jerry cauthen: there's a lot of things about this building that are unprecedented. >> wertheim: jerry cauthen, one of those local engineers, did not work on the tower but has worked on nearby projects. some sinking for buildings is acceptable, right? >> cauthen: some is. they actually anticipated that over the life of the building, it would sink about four to five inches. that's like a hundred-year life. >> wertheim: this is double and triple that. >> cauthen: yeah. i don't think they... they obviously didn't anticipate anything like this, close to it. >> wertheim: by "they," cauthen means millennium partners, brand-name developers with high- end skyscrapers all over the country. cauthen says their big mistake was building millennium tower out of concrete instead of steel.

>> cauthen: concrete is often cheaper. and it's just as good, but it is a lot heavier. and so, you got to design your foundation and your subsurface to support that higher weight. >> wertheim: what lies beneath the surface at 301 mission street is critical to the story. it fell to millennium's geotechnical engineers to analyze the ground below and design an appropriate foundation. they went with a foundation driven 80-feet deep into a layer of dense sand, and the city approved the plan. larry karp is a local geotechnical engineer. he did not work on the tower either but specializes in bay area soil conditions. what is under the ground here? >> karp: what is under the ground here at the surface is rubble from the 1906 earthquake, brick and sand and debris. everything you could imagine is down here. >> wertheim: you have to go 200 feet below the millennium tower, through layers of history in the ground-- below landfill from the time of the gold rush, sand, mud

and clay- to reach solid rock or bedrock. karp says the fact that the tower's foundation isn't anchored in bedrock, well, that's a problem. >> karp: for a big, heavy building, a concrete building, those foundations have to go deeper. for a building like this, they have to go to bedrock. >> wertheim: otherwise, he says, the structure will sink into less sturdy layers of sand and mud. and because it doesn't sink or settle uniformly, you get tilting. >> karp: look at the whole line. >> wertheim: karp told us he can see the tilt from the middle of mission street a few blocks away. we couldn't see it, so we asked jerry cauthen if he could. >> cauthen: no, i don't. it's very hard to see. it's not enough of a tilt to see. this is not like the leaning tower of pisa. >> wertheim: and there it is: the inevitable comparison to that greatest engineering gaffe of them all-- not the landmark any present-day developer wants to be associated with. millennium partners declined our request for an on-camera interview but pointed out their

tower was built to code. they blame their neighbors, specifically construction of the transbay terminal- san francisco's answer to grand central station- right next door. transbay declined an on-camera interview, too, but told us millennium had already sunk ten inches before work began on their project. and right on cue, here come the lawyers. lawyers for millennium partners, for the transbay terminal next door, for the tower's structural engineers and geotechnical engineers, for the architect and the builder, for the homeowners association, and for the city. and yes, even for joe montana. there are 20 parties to various millennium tower lawsuits and counting. >> dodson: it takes a half hour just to take attendance of the lawyers in the courtroom. i mean, literally. >> wertheim: that's a lot of billable hours. >> dodson: a lot of billable hours. >> wertheim: courtroom circus aside, we asked aaron peskin, the city supervisor, simply: what's going on here? >> peskin: everybody is afraid

to tell the truth, because if we get to the bottom of this, they are worried that it is going to, in some ways, slow down the building boom that is happening in san francisco. >> wertheim: "time is money in construction, and we don't want to stop this frenzy." >> peskin: absolutely. absolutely. >> wertheim: this drama has hardly had a chilling effect. everywhere you look in downtown san francisco, they're building another skyscraper. and the latest must-have amenity for all these new constructions: bedrock. in what might be the first act of building-on-building bullying, tech giant salesforce stuck it to millennium via twitter. >> peskin: "bedrock, baby." >> wertheim: you think that was in reference to what's going on across the street? >> peskin: i don't think it was in reference, i know it was in reference because i know the people who built that building. >> wertheim: the city still doesn't require all skyscrapers to go to bedrock, but it has made some changes to prevent another tower from leaning. more review of foundations for

new tall buildings, for one. as for the millennium tower, on this almost everyone agrees: it needs to be fixed. what do we do with a tilting, sinking building? >> cauthen: i've heard freeze the ground in perpetuity. freeze the ground. >> wertheim: perpetually freeze the ground under this building? >> cauthen: perpetually freeze the ground. they've talked about removing 20 stories from the top of it to reduce its weight. >> wertheim: what... what do you think of that, lopping off... >> cauthen: god, i hope they don't have to... >> wertheim: ...lopping off the top 20 stories? >> cauthen: shoot, that sounds like a horrible mess. i think more likely the surest way is to get it on piles to rock. >> wertheim: bedrock. there may be no avoiding it. the parties are in mediation, debating just how to drill down to bedrock under an existing skyscraper with a thousand people living upstairs. and then, there's the indelicate question: who pays for all this? >> peskin: i am hopeful that the city and millennium and the homeowners association will implement a fix in the near term and fight about the money later. but time's ticking.

>> this cbs sports update is brought to you by ford. i'm james brown with scores from the n.f.l. today. jacoby brissett threw two touchdowns as the colts napped their three-game skid. the saints won their sixth straight and sit alone atop the n.f.c. south. the giants are 6-2 for the first time since '01. the eagles soar to their seventh win in a row. jacksonville remains tied atop the a.f.c. south. for more sports news, go to cbssports.com. i no, thanks , santa, i got this. looks a little tight. perfect fit. santa needs an f-150. that's ford, america's best selling brand. hurry in today for 0% financing for 72 months across the full line of ford cars, trucks and suvs! and just announced... get 0 % apr for 72 months plus $1000 cash back!

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he stood up to north jersey special interests nobody delivers more for south jersey than steve sweeney. to increase funding for our schools. he stopped christie's commuter tax, saving south jersey residents over 200 million dollars. and he led the charge to pass paid family leave. aarp applauded sweeney for freezing property taxes for seniors and cutting prices on prescription drugs. "i got to take my hat off to him. he's a man of his word." steve sweeney. because there's more work to do to get south jersey's fair share.

>> pelley: we cannot explain what you are about to hear. science doesn't know enough about the brain to make sense of alma. alma deutscher is an accomplished british composer in the classical style. she is a virtuoso on the piano and the violin. and she is 12 years old. she's different from other prodigies we have known because at the age of ten she wrote an

opera, which demands comprehensive mastery; not just how to play the piano, but what is the range of the oboe? what can a cellist play? we don't know how she understands it all. it seems that alma was born that way. what is your earliest musical memory? >> alma deutscher: i remember that when i was three, and i listened to this really beautiful lullaby by richard strauss, and that was when i really first realized how much i loved music. and i asked my parents, "but how can music be so beautiful?" >> pelley: do you remember the melody? >> alma deutscher: yes. do you want me to sing it? >> pelley: please. >> alma deutscher: ( sings melody ) >> pelley: those notes of richard strauss ignited a universe. at three, alma was playing piano and violin.

when did the composing begin? >> alma deutscher: when i was four, i just had these melodies and ideas in my head, and i would play them down at the piano. and sometimes my parents would think that i was just remembering music that i'd already heard before, but i said, "no, no, these are my melodies, that i composed." ♪ ♪ it needs to be much more, i think. >> pelley: this past summer, in austria, we watched alma prepare her violin concerto and the premiere of her piano concerto. joji hattori conducts the vienna chamber orchestra. >> alma deutscher: just the clarinet. >> joji hattori: just the clarinet. >> alma deutscher: what they really want to hear is the violin and the clarinet. >> pelley: that night, the soloist was the composer herself. and as you listen, remember, she wrote all the notes for all the instruments.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ we could see, alma was living a story. a story of loss. a story of redemption. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ scales of emotion beyond a child.

♪ ♪ and yet her vision was almost like wisdom. ♪ ♪ do you have any idea where this comes from? >> alma deutscher: i don't really know, but it's really very normal to me to go around... walk around and having melodies popping into my head. it's the most normal thing in the world. for me, it's strange to walk around and not to have melodies popping into my head. so, if i was interviewing you, i would say, "well, tell me, scott, how does it feel not having melodies popping into your head?" >> pelley: it's very quiet in my head, i must say, but it appears never quiet in hers. look what happened when we took a break from filming at the deutscher home.

♪ ♪ never mind the background noise, that's just the rustle of lunch. this is idle alma. when she has nothing to do, the music flows from its mysterious source as fluently as breath. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ do you feel that there's anything about alma's gift that you don't understand? her parents, guy and janie, are professors. she teaches old english literature, and guy is a noted linguist. both of them are amateur musicians. >> guy deutscher: we don't understand creativity. does anyone? i mean, i think that's the crux of the mystery. where does it come from? this melodies popping into your head, it really is a volcano of imagination. it's almost unstoppable. >> pelley: it was guy who taught her how to read music.

>> guy deutscher: i thought i was an amazing teacher because, you know, i hardly had to... >> pelley: you thought it was you! >> guy deutscher: i thought it was me. i hardly had to say something. and, you know, her piano teacher once said, "it's a bit difficult with alma. it's difficult to teach her because one always has the sense she'd been there before." >> janie deutscher: she wouldn't be able to imagine life without dreams and stories and music. that's as unimaginable to her as it is strange for other people to think about a little girl with melodies in her head. >> alma deutscher: i love getting the melodies. it's not at all difficult to me. i get them all the time. but then, actually sitting down and developing the melodies and that's the really difficult part, having to tell a real story with music. ♪ ♪ the story alma tells in her opera is "cinderella," but it's not the "cinderella" you know.

♪ ♪ it seemed demeaning to alma that cinderella was attractive just because her feet were small, so she cast cinderella as a composer, and the prince as a poet. >> alma deutscher: cinderella finds a poem that was composed by the prince, and she loves it, and she's inspired to put music to it. and in the ball, she sings it to the prince. ♪ ♪ i think that it makes much more sense if he falls in love with her because she composed this amazing melody to his poem, because he thinks that she's his soul mate because he understands her. >> pelley: well, people can fall in love with composers. >> alma deutscher: exactly. >> pelley: i think this may be one of those times. they fell in love with "cinderella" in its first production in vienna. there is another composer who had an opera premiere in vienna

at the age of 11: mozart. people compare you to mozart. what do you think of that? >> alma deutscher: i know that they mean it to be very nice, to compare me to mozart. >> pelley: it could be worse. >> alma deutscher: of course, i love mozart, and i would have loved him to be my teacher. but i think i would prefer to be the first alma than to be a second mozart. >> pelley: in israel, mozart joined alma on stage. she played his piano concerto with a cadenza. in a cadenza, the orchestra stops and the soloist breaks away in music of her own making. ♪ ♪ >> alma deutscher: it's something that i composed because it's a very early concerto of mozart, and the cadenza was very simple. it didn't go to any different keys. and i composed quite a long one, going to lots and lots of different keys, doing lots of things in mozart's motifs. ♪ ♪

>> pelley: so, you improved the cadenza of mozart? >> alma deutscher: well, yes. >> robert gjerdingen: it's kind of a comet that goes by, and everybody looks up and just goes, "wow." >> pelley: robert gjerdingen is a professor of music at northwestern in chicago. he has been a consultant to alma's education. >> gjerdingen: i sent her some assignments when she was six, seven, where i expected her to crash and burn because they were very difficult. it came back, it was like listening to a mid-18th century composer. she was a native speaker. >> pelley: a native speaker? >> gjerdingen: it's her first language. she speaks the mozart style. she speaks the style of mendelssohn. >> pelley: and the names that you just mentioned are the ones that live for centuries. >> gjerdingen: yes. she's batting in the big leagues. and if you win the pennant,

there's immortality. ♪ ♪ >> pelley: the route to immortality leads through california. in december, the san jose orchestra will stage "cinderella" in alma's american debut. she'll be the belle of the ball on the piano, organ and violin. >> alma deutscher: the piano music teachers say, "well you must choose the piano." and the violin music teachers say, "oh, you must choose the violin." but anyway, that's better than the piano teacher saying, "you must choose the violin." >> pelley: that would be a bad sign. >> alma deutscher: that would be a bad sign, yes. ♪ ♪ >> pelley: fortunately, she doesn't have to choose. this is her composition, "violin concerto number one." ♪ ♪ >> alma deutscher: it's

extremely jolly and very happy and jocular, that movement. i want to make the people who listen to it laugh and be happy. the first movement of the violin concerto is quite the opposite. it's very dark and dramatic. ♪ ♪ >> pelley: what does a girl your age know about dark and dramatic? >> alma deutscher: well, yes, that's an interesting question because you know what? i'm a very happy person, so i have lots of imaginary composers. and one of them is called antonin yellowsink. >> pelley: antonin yellowsink, alma's imaginary composing friend, is an insight into the music of her mind. alma told us that she made up a country where imaginary composers write, each in his own style of emotion. so, how many composers do you have in your head? >> alma deutscher: i have lots of composers. and sometimes when i'm stuck

with something, when i'm composing, i go to them and ask them for advice. and quite often, they come up with very interesting things. >> pelley: even the real world seems magical. the deutscher's moved to the english countryside to be near a famous school of music. alma is privately tutored and home schooled alongside her sister helen, who also knows her way around the piano and the tree house. i usually don't ask people your age this question, but, what have you learned about life? >> alma deutscher: well, i know that... that life is not always beautiful. that there's also ugliness in the world. that's why i... i've learned that i want to write beautiful music because i want to make the world a better place. >> pelley: we cannot know how alma deutscher channels her music like a portal in time, but in a world too often ugly and too often overburdened with

explanation, it is nice to take a moment and wonder. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ( applause ) alma composes from four notes pulled out of a hat. go to 60minutesovertime.com. sponsored by lyrica. chronic, widespread pain. feel fibromyalgia may be invisible to others, but my pain is real. fibromyalgia is thought to be caused by overactive nerves. lyrica is believed to calm these nerves.

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>> kroft: 50 seasons of "60 minutes." this week, from the first sunday of november, 1988. that's when 92-year-old comedian, oscar-winner and ex- vaudevillian george burns gave ed bradley a music lesson. >> george burns: sing harmony? >> bradley: no, i can't carry a tune. >> burns: are you sure? >> bradley: positive. >> burns: ♪ for she can carry a gun good as any mother's son. ♪ that's one note. ♪ for she can carry a gun good as any... ♪ >> bradley: ♪ for she can carry a gun... ♪ >> burns: ♪ ...good as any mother's son. ♪ like murray. ♪ for she can... go ahead. >> bradley: ♪ for she can carry a gun good as any mother's son. ♪ >> burns: see? there's harmony. ( laughs ) >> bradley: so, listen, can i go out to vegas with you? >> burns: sure. we'll play together. >> bradley: you got room for me in your act? >> burns: you kick the back of your head, and we'll have a great finish. ( laughs ) >> kroft: i'm steve kroft. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes."

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