>> when a head of state asks the world for money do not exploit his country's oil wealth in the middle of the jungle, is that blackmail or a pretty good offer to all of us was to mark welcome to global 3000, and here is what we have coming up for you today. ecuador didn't get the money, living the national park under threat from oil drilling. fleeing a ban on unislamic music, africa's festival du

desert comes to berlin, and not enough to kill the pain, how indonesia's top anti-drug laws affect patients. it could've been so easy to see -- save a key chunk of ecuador's national park. before the oil drillers moved in, the ecuadorian president offered the world a deal to save this precious region, but the lure of liquid gold was there. it is clear this unique region and its people are under threat. >> it is usually a learning experience when sergio alvarado takes his children to the turtle ponds. the family have lived here for generations. the park was also home to the hungry river turtles, and it will be getting crowded for humans and animals alike. the ecuador government plans to

drill for oil here. >> progress means having a good life. we should maintain the resources at our disposal and protect nature over the long term so that our community will also have a good life in the future. >> but the good life for the quichuas is under threat. at the same time every day, in the afternoon, when it is hottest, the whole family takes a break in the shade of the house. then, everyone gets chicha. it is a beverage made from the fruits or roots of various indigenous plants, like yuca. sergio's wife, judit, prepares the traditional drink over and opened fire, but lately, she does not know where to get good-quality yuca from.

>> a lot of the yuca and banana plants are dying off. i planted new ones, but they died too. so i got fruit from the village market, and it made the children sick. i think everything has been contaminated here. >> we ask him to show us the source of the contamination. we only have to travel a short distance on the rio napo, the biggest river in yasuni national park. and so that the children learn something, they come along also. we soon arrived at the first gas flare, one of the many in the area that are always burning. less than one kilometer away, we need a group of workers who are using barriers and hoses to clean the angst of leaded oil. nowhere is there a greater variety of flora and fauna species. but the wealth in the region that interests ecuador's

government is in crude form, underground, or was, at least, until 45 years ago, when the state started extracting the oil. since then, much of the nature preserve has changed. only a few areas remain untouched. so in 2007, ecuador's president proposed not drilling in the area if the international community aid him half of the value of the oil that would have been extracted. the area is known as the itt block that the president wanted to protect in exchange for hard cash. it contains 20% of ecuador's oil reserves, but it only accounts for a small area in the eastern part of the biosphere reserve. despite international support, the initiative generated just a small fraction of the expected funds, so the president reversed his plan and gave the go-ahead to start drilling in the park's itt block.

>> unfortunately, we have to say that the world has failed us. >> the world isn't willing to help save one of the planet's last green lungs, and the president needs money to pay off state debt. now, environmental activists take to the streets to demand nature preservation. >> our country needs develop it and growth, and we have to use our resources, but these resources should not come from exploiting and destroying one of the earth's most valuable green lungs. >> the oil in question would earn ecuador profits of around 7 billion euros. burning it would produce some 400 million tons of co2. and the world would need just nine days to consume the oil.

>> this doesn't just affect the people living in the region but the people of the whole world. that is why we turned into the rich countries that they're the biggest responsibility for climate change. the oil production will cause many problems, like deforestation of the amazon region or the contamination of the water under the entire park. >> we traveled deep into the yasuni rain forest to meet those people who would be most affected by the drilling, the waorani indigenous group. were it up to the president, we would not have gone there. he does not want to see journalists in yasuni, especially now. we had to smuggle our camera

equipment past military checkpoint in order to see for ourselves where the waorani live. some have never had contact with the relationship. -- with civilization. they live a two-hour drive and an additional three to four hour boat ride from the nearest city. one of the rare journey away from home, martin und gaba baihus, who is the village elder, heard about the plans that would bring pipelines and drilling rigs deeper into the forest. >> i do not want these people to come here. they will change our lives. we live here our way and everything we have comes from nature. it is a very healthy life. >> after it rains, the people at that that to work -- get back to work. this is a plant-based poison that paralyzes the respiratory systems of monkeys and parrots, curare.

>> this land belongs to everyone, but we needed to live. we do not want them to drill oil here. why should we change our lives or language for them? why should we do that? we just want to continue living here. >> a state run oil company prepares to conquer this unique forest. three other indigenous peoples have already fled the oil rigs. gaba and his family could be the next in search of the new hunting grounds. >> we will see who has the last word on that. since last october, a campaign is collecting signatures across ecuador, calling for a referendum on the exploration, so in the end, it may be a question of democracy rather than money alone. to africa and mali, where the political situation is still fragile more than a year after

the military campaign to drive out al qaeda-linked militants. the tense situation has driven one of west africa's largest music festivals out of the country. not to be silenced, the festival musicians are traveling around the world now, and they also stopped by in berlin. >> for 13 years, they gathered at the gates of timbuktu in three days -- for three days in january. thousands of nomads celebrated the festival du desert with guests from home and abroad. normally, the kel tamaschek live scattered across the sahara region. they got together once a year. the festival was something of a family reunion. in 2013, woodstock in timbuktu was released. manny ansar is the director of the desert festival. >> when we started the festival,

mali was just coming out of a civil war. a rebellion that destroyed a lot, especially between nomads and settled people. for the first time, people could enjoy themselves together again, with music and dance. >> some 10,000 people celebrating in the desert. daytime is for traditional music and dance. evenings, the stage is reserved for malian rock bands. 2013 saw the last of the timbuktu festivals, at least for now. the city was occupied by islamic extremists. musicians and festival organizers received death threats and fled to neighboring countries.

manny ansar also went into exile. in berlin, he and desiree von trotha met again. -- mali is no longer a safe place for musicians. >> it is like this, music, everything that is music and not chapters of the koran that our song is the work of the devil, according to the salifi political islam. that totally contradicts the traditions of the region. >> ethical organizers managed to take individual musicians out of refugee camps. now, they are touring the world as the caravan of peace. >> the caravan is our answer to the bearded ones. you have forbidden us to play. you do not want us to play in front of 10,000 people in timbuktu. now, people around the world listen to us.

>> the grand dame ofmalian music also had to flee. extremists destroyed her studio and tortured her musicians. >> celebrating the festival in exile, like here in berlin, it gives us current -- courage. we can still spread our message. our festival au desert will exist until the end of time. ♪

>> berlin's volksbuhne theater is packed. even so, the biggest room of the caravan and its musicians remains, to celebrate again in the desert in 2015. >> now, indonesia has some of the toughest laws on drugs in the world. you can get life in prison or the death penalty for possessing even small amounts of banned substances, like heroine, cocaine, or marijuana. while these regulations send a clear message to users and dealers, they also have some severe side effects for people who need medication. fear of being accused of breaking the law keeps many doctors from stocking strong pain killer is. the confusion over what is allowed and what is not leaves many patients in serious pains with no prospect for relief. >> even on the final approach, visitors get an impression of how serious indonesia is about its war on drugs.

>> we would like to remind you that carrying narcotics and drugs is a violation of the law. heavy penalties are imposed for disregarding the law. thank you. >> only alcohol is legal in indonesia, but many in the muslim country would like to see that banned too. but there is a flipside to the tough drug policies. over time, all narcotics have become suspect. there is a big fear of being penalized for possessing or distribute in drugs, even in hospitals and doctors' pr actices. so many patients with severe pain or chronic disease often are not prescribed effective painkillers. patients like rukilah warji, who has terminal breast cancer. after every radiation treatment, she is in great pain. >> when the pain started, my breasts swelled, and my skin

blistered. my body got very, very hot. it was unbearable. it hurts so much that i could not stand clothing touching my skin. i only put something on when people were around. >> many painkillers are opiates. were raw opium is made from the pods of opium poppies. the dried juice of the poppy is used to make a number of drugs, including heroin and the opium that is smoked. in indonesia, police patrol bars and discos at night, searching locals and tourists alike, searching for drugs. the sessions of even small amounts can land a person in prison for 12 years. drug dealers can expect life in prison or even the death penalty. now, let's return back to the hospital. many people who take painkillers

are called morphinists in many parts of indonesia. this may be why doctors at rukil ah warji's state-run hospital will not or cannot prescribed taint killers for her. her husband finds that incomprehensible. >> when i first brought her to the hospital, she was examined for four days. then, they told us that the cancer was too far advanced to save her and that there would be no further treatment. >> the couple had to turn to an expensive private clinic. it was only here that they finally got help. >> with the medication, the pain was bearable, but when the medication wore off, we could not do anything but cool my wife off with a fan. >> dr. cahya purnama is the public health department director and himself a doctor in the state-run institution.

>> the health ministry has not often rise to the use of this type of pain remedy in public clinics. but it it has four other hospitals. -- but it has for other hospitals. doctors have the authority to prescribe morphine if the patients want it, but both are taking a big risk, because in this country, so little is known about treating chronic name. >> the world health organization says that every year, 5.5 million people die in an extremely painful conditions. it is an untenable situation for dr. lucas meliala, president of the indonesian pain association. >> we have to work towards better education in the area of pain therapy in indonesia. dr. should not have to fear prescribing morphine. >> but that will come too late

for rukilah waeji. she died shortly after filming this report. >> now, indonesia is just in the process of launching a nationwide health insurance scheme, which, it is hoped, will also address the western of access to pain therapy. we head to south america to the border region between guatemala and mexico. and if you ask villagers in tacana about the most fertile place to go, they will immediately point you towards the volcano nearby. that is because it's ash provides excellent conditions to grow all sorts of crops, including very good coffee. we follow one man trying to keep this complex ecosystem intact.

>> it is always exciting for me to climb the volcano. i ask myself, what am i going to encounter today? there is so much to see and discover along the way. and when i get up here and look down, the countryside scenes -- seems infinitely tranquil. >> when javier ramirez sits up here, he often thinks about what the people say about the tacana volcano, a sleeping dragon. nearly every day, it is shrouded in clouds that hang in the surrounding forests. it creates a unique ecosystem, the cloud forest. >> it is the interaction of the different species that make for this special variety. starting with the animals, the fungi, bacteria, the plants and

the birds, everything comes together here. >> the plants and trees keep the soil most and -- moist and the air humid. the 4th street engineer works for -- the forest three -- forestry engineer works for iucn, the world's biggest nature protection organization. several times a month, he climbs tacana for the group. today, he is meeting some farmers. they owned land up here that they got from the state. they can use it as they wish. >> nature means everything to us, because we live from it. that is why it is important to protect it. >> he and other farmers have agreed not to plant corn or beans here. in return, a receive compensation from iucn.

together, they are building protective barriers on their land made of tree trunks and branches. they are to protected b d for instance looks from erosion. -- protect the deforested slopes. >> when the water comes down, it takes everything with it, and that at breakneck speed. mud, earth, rocks. it gathers together and gets dragged along, and that, for example, causes the rivers to flood their banks. >> the river water used to be much dirtier because the leaves and branches were flushed down the side of the volcano. now, the water is clean, thanks to the protective barriers.

lunch break in tuquiani las nubes. the village is on a slope of the volcano at an altitude of 1700 meters. the villagers are poor, but thanks to the rich volcanic soil, they can't plant a profitable crop, coffee. the beans of coffee grown here at higher elevations are dense and flavorful. farmers earn more money with high-altitude coffees. francisco ortiz take special care of his coffee plants. to protect them and the soil, he switched to organic fertilizer several years ago. he says that makes his plants stronger. where he used to use chemicals, his plants would thrive for perhaps a your two but then they would die. he says the organic fertilizer makes the plants more robust. and the leaves are stronger, says a colleague.

but the farmers still cannot prevent disease from attacking the coffee plants. lately, they have been fighting a fungus known as "la roya," or "coffee rust." it has already infected many of his plants. >> you can see a bit of it here on this spot. eventually, the leaf will turn completely yellow and die. the entire coffee plant will dry out and no longer produce teams. that hit us hard this year. our harvest was much too small. >> to get by, the farmers have to make some changes and plant other crops on their fields. at the base of the volcano,the flores family is harvesting flowers on their land.

it has rained a lot recently, and that has been good for the flowers. each week, they bring along something else to the weekly markets. last week, it was oranges. the market in cacahoatan is a good hour's walk wa!!away. only organic tick products can be sold here. it is an initiative of the iucn. many farmers participate. they are switching to sustainable architecture, without chemical fertilizers or pesticides. it is good for the environment and the organic market is an additional source of income. >> we come here to sell what little we have, to increase our income, and pay for school for our children. that is why we also plant fruit on our land. if something sometimes does not

have enough of one kind, we something -- bring something else along. >> that is also part of the strategy of javier ramirez and his organization. >> the people realize it is all worth it. they say, "aha, i can earn from that. if i keep it up, i will profit in the future too." >> for the farmers, the fertile soil around tacana remains their most important resource, and they want to keep it that way for a long time to come. >> for now from me and the whole global team here in our berlin studios, thanks for watching, and we will see you next week. captioned by the national captioning institute

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