as well as a documentary series. it is both directed by and written by oliver stone, the academy award-winning filmmaker who has taken on three american presidents. jfk, nixon, and george w. bush. a vietnam veteran himself, oliver stone was decorated with a bronze star and purple heart. as a filmmaker, he tackle the most controversial aspects of hiswar, the vietnam war, in classics "platoon" and "born on the fourth of july." is explored latin america through his film "salvador." now his venture today is the untold history of the united states, a four-part dvd series.

10 episodes appeared on showtime. oliver stone work together with historian "untold history of the united states." peter kuznick. it is a multipart documentary that features a companion book with the name, "untold history of the united states." it draws on archival findings recently declassified documents from the atomic bombing of japan to the cold war to the fall of communism and continuing all the way through to president obama. i want to go back to my interview with oliver stone and peter kuznick from when the showtime series first aired. first, this is the trailer of oliver stone's, "untold history of the united states." exciting and i want to make it as exciting as it can be. we take a history subject and make it not only dramatic, but we are compassionate. there was a disconnect about what is officially reported and what actually happened.

you can't accept that something is just handed down. this is the key to the whole series, the find out how we got to where we are and who we are. it is a great, great story. >> that was the trailer for oliver stone and peter kuznick series called, "untold history of the united states." the first episode aired on monday night on showtime and will re-air monday evenings at 8:00 p.m. and also available on demand. for more of the award-winning director oliver stone joins us as well as is co-author peter kuznick. we welcome you both to democracy now! oliver stone, you have been working on this for years unbeknownst to many people. why? >> the trailer looks pretty epic. job, 4.5 years off and on. i did do three feature films and two documentaries during that period, but peter and i started in 2008.

we recently discussed wallace wasthe bomb in 1997 when i there in one of his classes. talked about maybe a documentary . he is an expert on weaponry and especially the atomic bomb. he founded the department of nuclear studies. henry wallace can explain to you, he is -- the link from a would we have dropped the bomb, the origin myth, every school kid -- still my daughter in a private school is still learning about this, we dropped the bomb because we had to, because the japanese resistance was fanatic, and we would have lost many american lives. there was no alternative to the story. we are beginning the process in chapter 1, 2, and three. dropping for strategic reasons and morally reprehensible, but

strategically made no sense. >> professor, why? >> the japanese were ready to feed it. they were looking for a way out of the war. the united states knew they were defeated. 18, telegram was intercepted from the japanese emperor asking for peace. >> the japanese emperor? japruman's exact words, the emperor. everyone else did they were militarily defeated and looking for a way out, but the people who knew that were the russians because they were trying to get the russians to intervene on their behalf and get them better surrender terms, and also their strategy was to welcome the american invasion and in conflict -- conflict heavy damages and force better surrender terms. when the russians invaded, that undermined the diplomatic strategy and military strategy. that is what really ended the war, not the bombing. we firebombed over 100 cities.

it did not change the equation how many bombs and planes. the soviet invasion changed the message. >> august 9. a huge army off the german frontier by stalin. army i think in today's or one day. japan.moving towards if you let a month go by, if we really are interested in ending this war and using russian troops, it is perfect. >> let's turn to a clip from the series that challenges the prevailing logic of world war ii , the united states so-called good war. generations of americans have been taught the united states reluctantly dropped atomic bombs at the end of world war ii to save the lives of hundreds of thousands of young men poised to

die in an invasion of japan. but the story is really more complicated, more interesting, and much more disturbing. many americans have viewed world as the goodlgically war in which the united states and its allies triumphed over german nazis and italian fascism and japanese militarism. others, not so blessed. remember world war ii is the bloodiest war in human history. the time it was over, 60 to 65 million people lay dead, including an estimated 27 million soviets between 10 million and 20 million chinese, over 6 million germans, 3 million non-jewish ands, 2.5 million japanese, 1.5 million yugoslavs. italy,, britain, france, hungary, romania, and the united states each canada between a

quarter million and a half million dead discounted between one quarter million and one half billion dead. most carnageth the in the history of the world. >> that is where we begin. we deal with the three empires and the rivalry between u.s. and britain. a lot of schoolkids don't know the british empire is a dominant empire and sm some and resources around the world. churchill is fighting among other things for the retention of the colonies and all through supplies,t the oil greece is very important, north africa, egypt, suez, india, singapore. -- he never starts a second front for about two years. it is promised in 1942 to stalin. stalin is rolling the germans back and winning the war in the meantime. as the british and the americans are periphery packing, retaining

the british colonies for britain. it is interesting story. the british going to athens in 1944 after they liberated it, so to speak. but they end up fighting street battles with the communist resistance fighters who fought against the nazis. we put in a nazi greek was working with the nazis and we put them in right away. a dirty story. americans say the united states won the war. the reality is, the american and british combined were fighting 10 german divisions, the russians alone were fighting 200 german divisions. that is why churchill says it was the russians who tore the guts out of the nazi army. >> let's go back to another clip from were series, "untold history of the united states." wallace.is about henry the vice president and agriculture commerce secretary. it suggests the midwestern statesman would have put america on a radically different

trajectory had his path to the presidency november of the democratic party leaders in 1944. >> seeing the war clouds gathering clearly on the horizon, decided to break with the president and run for a third term in 1940 against the strong antiwar republican candidate willkie, corporate attorney from indiana. the stakes were high. the nation might soon be at war. roosevelt waited his options and chose his controversial secretary of agriculture henry wallace as his running mate. wallace had overseen an extraordinary return to agricultural prosperity during the great depression. these policies have been at the heart of the new deal. for the urban poor, wallace also had provided food stamps and school lunches. he instituted programs for land-use planning and soil conservation.

he carved out his credentials and the new deal years as an outspoken anti-fascist. instead of the scientific communities best ally, wallace spoke out strongly against the building up of false racial theories. chemist, carver, now a specializing in botany, first introduced me to the mysteries of fertilization. spent a good many years breeding corn because the scientist deepened my appreciation of plants and away i could never forget -- in a way i could never forget. provided men are given the right opportunity. >> the democratic party bosses feared wallace's views, mistrusting his devotion to principle over politics. it looked like the wallace nomination would go up in flames

when roosevelt, angry and frustrated, wrote a remarkable letter to the assembled delegates in which he flatly turned down the presidential nomination. >> the democratic already has failed when it has fallen to the control of those who think in terms of dollars instead of human values. until the democratic party shakes off all the shackles of control fastened upon it by the forces of conservatism, reaction and appeasement, it will not continue its march to victory. the party cannot face in both directions at the same time. therefore, i decline the honor of the nomination for the presidency. eleanor roosevelt, save the day. the first presidents wife ever address the convention, she told disgruntled... that we face now a grave situation.

>> [indiscernible] buckled and bosses put wallace on the ticket. it would come back with a vengeance. i just heard the news of my nomination and there's just one thing i want to say, i am confident that under the leadership of president roosevelt, we shall have a united democratic party, victory in november, and security for the american people. ofand that was the voice henry wallace, nominated as vice president. oliver stone, your inspiration for this whole series was about henry wallace. why? talk about his significance. >> i was the inspiration is the atomic bomb. i grew up in that period. the bomb shaped all of our lives. .e lived in fear of it

we had air raids in school. we have the cuban missile crisis. it haunts our policy. we were in a cold war up until 1989 for 1991, with the soviets. he continues on if you notice it. i'm wondering what happened in the 1989, 1991 period all the way through the 90's. it is the war on terror, the war on drugs. you go back and i talked to peter, he knows a lot about the bomb. did the bombs start all of this? the bomb is what leads you to wallace. wallace was supposed to be vice president in 1944, the popular choice with 65% of the democratic voters wanting him him a 2% wanted truman. it is like a frank capra movie. on one particular night it comes down to moment in time like nine seconds when wallace almost makes it, almost squeezes in. the crowd is cheering "wallace!" the bosses convened the

convention that night. overnight, they turned favors and so forth and money and bribes. wallace does not end up as vice president. roosevelt dies. a little unknown party hack, really, called harry truman, had one of the most important times in the history of the world it comes a small man and he comes leader of the world with all the power, frankly, like george bush, he blows it. runenry wallace would later for president. >> as an unsuccessful third-party candidate. the real drama is the 1944 convention. >> wallace was very much a visionary. he was lost in history. nobody knows henry wallace anymore. he is an extraordinary man. in 1941, use of the 20th century must be the american century. he gave a famous speech and said the 20 century must be the century of the common man.

calls for worldwide people's revolution in the tradition of the american revolution the french revolution, and the russian revolution. have to wipe out monopolies and cartels. he says we have to and colonialism and imperialism, and u.s. and the soviets have to collaborate to refashion the world at the end of the world. that was the vision he had. the party bosses hated him as to the wall street people. wall street comes first. he was the exemplar of everything good at the democratic party's ever seen. >> peter kuznick and oliver stone, they have written the book, "untold history of the united states." i also want to ask about president reagan. in your book, oliver stone, give

a chapter titled "death squads for democracy." this is ronald reagan giving an address in central america. >> strategic importance of central america, bordering as a dozen the caribbean, our lifeline to the outside world. two thirds of all our foreign trade and petroleum pass through the panama canal and the caribbean. in a european crisis, at least half of our supplies from nato would go through these areas by sea. reagan andus about central america policies. >> briefly, ronald reagan said american policy back by 20 years -- set back american policy by about 20 years. he'll mistook the cold war to the edge of world war -- he almost took the cold war to the edge of world war. he said the soviet union was ahead of the united states in every military capacity. in all this time, 70 years since the cold war, we were always ahead.

but we were always the underdog in our own mind. in reagan's bind, central america becomes the bulwark of communism. we are being threatened again. he said they're very dangerous to the underbelly of texas and arizona, going to come up -- worried about guatemala and salvador.oing red and he basically starts a dirty war and the central american countries. i was there. that is when i went back will stop i made a film called "salvador." i saw soldiers that reminded me of my days in vietnam. i saw soldiers walking around lost, quite skin and all that, saying, what are you doing here? i said, do you remember vietnam? they said not really. they said, we don't want to discuss it, sir. death squads, terror, the right wing parties of central america took they're not from reagan, and killed -- quantum all was

the bloodiest and the contra war, a dirty war. >> and you would back years later and told the story of the changing latin america. you went country by country. >> and the 1990's. that comes out of the economics of reagan. the south americans decimated by the international monetary fund and the world bank who played a huge role -- and the people turned against the democratically elected leaders in the new century. they came in because of the disastrous policies of reagan. >> i want to get to president obama before the end of this conversation. in the last chapter of your book , it is called "obama: managing a wounded empire." you're fiercely critical of him, bu also supported him. >> i supported him because the alter your was more frightening. it is a limited choice americans have. we live inside no longer a

national security stance, but a global security state. obama has made it very clear in as did romney, it is about american power. we are the "indispensable nation" in the world. a form of american conceptualism. he made it clear he is quantitate troops and so forth out of afghanistan and iraq, but he is committing on a full-spectrum dominance to a continuing of china. he said it. hillary clinton has the 21st century will be the americas specific -- pacific century. it does not and. you will see obama in the think is going to make alliances, treaties with countries all around the world. he is already expanding the bush version of security. when you know about the terror state, i guess you have done shows, and yes and gone back on any of that. peter, do you want to add anything? >> he expanded it.

we were so critical of bush for doing so badly against people without judicial review. obama is targeting and killing people without judicial review. we are acting as judge, jury, and executioner. >> this is president obama on cnn on the drone war. target that is a authorized by our laws. it has to be a threat that is serious and not speculative. it has to be a situation in which we can't capture individual before they move forward on some sort of operational plot against the united states. this is an example of where i think there's been some is reporting. our preference is always to capture if we can, because we can gather intelligence. but a lot of the terrorist networks that target the u.s., the most dangerous ones operate in very remote regions. it is very difficult to capture them. and we have to make sure in

whatever operations we conduct, we are very careful about avoiding civilian casualties. >> heirs president obama speaking. -- there is president obama speaking. i was just thinking about the yemeni cleric awlaki's 16-year-old son who was killed two weeks after his father was killed also in a drone strike. people will hate us more for doing this and invading the sovereignty of pakistan and so many countries. the united states is acting with impunity. the bigger issue is simply there has been -- and the history of empires, and they have all fallen, no one has a monopoly on any weapon ever. the atomic bomb was copied or the hydrogen bomb, or in this case, predator drones will be made by other people and they will be coming this way.

we have 800 bases around the world under this empire we have created. we are very vulnerable. we have created hatred. >> when we started our drone attacks in yemen, there were 300 members of al qaeda there. now there are 700 or 800 members. it backfired. we just made people hate us. the cia operators who target people in pakistan refer to them as bugs blatz, the people who are killed. to the pakistanis, those are human beings. to operators, their bug splats. >> we have to join the rest of the world in a peace plan a be part of the united nations, not an outlier. >> you have been listening to peter kuznick and oliver stone, authors of the book, "untold history of the united states." yours for $100 contribution. i also produced the series for showtime called "untold history

of the united states." we are making that available to you, the four dvd set that actually has two extra episodes that did not appear on showtime for 100 $75 contribution. we're putting the book to my which is over 700 pages, and the dvds together for $250 contribution. if you call right now, 866-359-4334. that's 866-359-4334. i want to go back to oliver stone and peter kuznick, but we want to hear from you first. please, call in. your call makes the difference. you make it possible for link tv to happen. 866-359-4334. in a moment, they're going to describe the moment we were at a point in history that could have obliterated the planet. it was back in 1962. the cuban missile crisis. in order to go to that, we want

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occurred best lessons are described as not only the most dangerous moment of the cold war, it was the most dangerous moment in human history. the russian ships were heading toward the quarantine line, one of four soviet summaries sent to protect ships who have been hunted all day by the carrier uss randolph. war than 100 miles outside the blockade, the randolph began dropping depth charges. unaware the sub was carrying nuclear weapons. theexplosion rocked submarine, which went dark except from urgency lights. the temperature rose sharply. the carbon dioxide in the air reached near lethal levels. the people could barely breathe. men began to faint and fall down. the suffering went on for four hours. then the americans hit us with something stronger. we thought, that's it, the and. panic ensued. the commander tried without success to reach the general

staff. he assumed the war had already started and never going to die in disgrace for having done nothing. he ordered the nuclear torpedo to be prepared for firing. he turned to the other two officers aboard. fortunately, for mankind, the political officer, vasily was able to calm him down and convince them not to launch. probably single-handedly preventing nuclear war. >> oliver stone narrating " "untold history of the united states." it was cowritten by oliver stone and our guest peter kuznick as well the history professor at american university. just continue on this 1962 moment and how the nuclear war was averted. init was during this crisis october. eisenhower told kennedy through intermediary to go to bomb. we had no concept of what the

russians -- there were 40,000 russian troops under the command of stalingrad during world war ii. they were a rough, tough unit. they had 100 battlefield nuclear weapons. 100. we did not know that. mcnamara admitted this later in his life. the cubans were armed, like 200,000 cubans, so we would have faced far more significant casualties going in there than we thought. it would have evolved into a real nuclear confrontation in the caribbean, and it probably would have spread, most likely spread quickly, because we had bombers armed to go over china and drop bombs on china from okinawa. blow off the to soviet union. that was eisenhower's plan. because what eisenhower did in his eight years of office was to make nuclear weapons an alternative to conventional weapons, because we didn't have the size of the conventional weapons of the soviets, so we were ready to use nuclear.

we were ready to go, and washington was in the sights. the whole world, i don't think -- i think, would have gone up. khrushchev and kennedy at the last second, through dobrynin and his brother robert, said, no, basically to their hardliners. dearly.ost both men the generals were furious with kennedy. lemay was raging at the meeting that was described by mcnamara and others. lost.said, we we lost. this was our moment. and khrushchev was criticized by his own people, but the soviets were inferior in strength. but they built up after that crisis. they built up significantly, so by the late 1970's, they were almost achieving parity. in other words, kennedy and khrushchev saved -- what were saying is kennedy and khrushchev saved the world at a very key moment. we owe him a lot. beginnings also the

of the cuban embargo that exists to this day. to this day. the explain how that happened? >> the united states policy was the castroverthrow government, to do everything it could to sabotage, undermine, overthrow the castro government. the fear was that you are going to have similar kinds of revolutionary movements throughout latin america, that they would stand as an example. the united states policy since that time has not been only to isolate the cuban government, but to attempt to prevent similar kind of left-wing uprisings from occurring elsewhere. down overthrow governments there. for example, the way we treat vietnam in our vietnam episode, episode seven, is we put it in a different context. we want to show that vietnam is not an aberration, so we begin with the overthrow the government in brazil in 1964. then we go to the overthrow in the dominican republic in 1965. we show the u.s. role in the

bloodbath in indonesia in 1965. we talk about the escalation of vietnam. and we also talk about u.s. overthrow of the a linda government in chile. concern for the united states was not cuba itself. it was the possibility throughout latin america, in our own backyard, for a series of communist revolutions and for radical movements down there. with kissinger, we work the right-wing governments in latin america in something wased operation condor, it basically an operation to set up death squads throughout latin america to kill not only revolutionaries, but reformers and dissidents. we see this policy continue through the 1980's under the reagan administration throughout central america, the u.s. were king with the right-wing government in also the door, the us role in guatemala, he was support of the contras in nicaragua. so cuba is only a small piece of it. as oliver said, the cuban

missile crisis is a crucial turning point, and it's a crucial turning point in kennedy's mind and in the mind of khrushchev. khrushchev, afterwards, writes a letter to kennedy in which he says, evil has done some good. our people have felt the flames of thermonuclear war. let's take advantage of this. he said, let's remove every possible area of conflict between us that can lead to another crisis. let's stop all nuclear testing. let's remove all the problems between us. then khrushchev says, let's get rid of the military blocks. let's get rid of nato. let's get rid of the warsaw pact. he reaches out to kennedy. this is a moment, as he says that, evil can bring some good, because what kennedy and khrushchev both understood from the cuban missile crisis was that despite all of their efforts to prevent a nuclear war, when a crisis like this occurs, they actually lose control.

we came very close to nuclear war despite the fact that both of them were doing everything they could to avert it at that point. so khrushchev says, let's get rid of anything that could cause another conflict. and what happens over the next year, until kennedy's assassination, is they do begin to cooperate on a number of issues. as oliver was saying before i'm a kennedy had a lot of enemies. and the reason why he had so many enemies is because he stood up to the generals, to the joint chiefs, to the intelligence community, to the establishment, time after time after time. and then in this period, we reach out and conclude the atmospheric test ban treaty. the joint chiefs were furious. cubatempts to reach out to at the end of his life. castro was very, very disappointed when kennedy was assassinated.

he talks about pulling u.s. forces out of vietnam. outants to pull 1000 troops by the end of the year, get all the troops out by 1965. his signature initiative is the space race. kennedy says, watch we begin feeding with the soviet union or who's going to be first to get into space? we should work together jointly for a joint mission of space exploration and putting man jointly on the man. in his american university commencement address, he basically calls for an end to the cold war. of 1963, indy response to that person who posted on facebook, kennedy of 1963 was really very much of a visionary. oliver and i believe that this was the last time we had an american president who was tolly willing to -- wanted change the direction of the country, stand up to the thetarists, stand up to intelligence community, and take the united states in a very different direction. so the tragedy of kennedy's

assassination is not just that we lost this one man, but it's that the united states and the soviet union were both looking to take the world in a very, very different direction. and kennedy is assassinated. khrushchev is ousted the next year. in his inauguration, says were going to pass the torch forge a new generation, and we say that now the torch has been passed back to the old generation. the generation of johnson, nixon, eisenhower, and the world goes back very heavily into the cold war. >> that's go back -- i want to turn to a clip from the documentary where you look at the transition from jfk to lg lbj. >> with the ascension of vice president lyndon johnson, there would be important changes in many of kennedy's policies, particularly toward the soviet union and vietnam. >> i will do my best. that is all i can do. >> and his inaugural address in

the morning of that decade in january 1960 1 -- >> let the word go forth, from his time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of americans. >> but with his murder, the torch was passed back to an old generation, the generation of johnson, nixon, ford, and reagan, leaders who would systematically destroy the promise of kennedy's last year, as they returned the country to war and repression. though the vision khrushchev and kennedy had expressed would fall with them, it would not die. the seeds planted would germinate and sprout again long after their deaths. >> you have been watching an excerpt of oliver stone's, "untold history of the united states."

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>> thank you very much. thank you. thank you. [applause wanes] thank you very much... and thank the commonwealth club and everybody here who has come