06/08/16 06/08/16 [captioning made possible by democracy now!] amy: from new york, this is democracy now! >> thanks to you, we have reached a milestone. first time -- first time in our nation's history that a woman will be a major party nomination. amy: in a victory speech, the clinton's claim the democratic nomination as she pulled off victories in california, new

jersey, new mexico and south dakota. but her challenger bernie sanders is vowing to keep fighting until the democratic convention. >> we're going to figight hard o win the primary and washington, d.c. and then we take our fight for social, economic, racial and environment all justice to philadelphia, pennsylvania. amy: we will speak with clinton backer and longtime labor organizer dolores huerta as well as bernie sanders delegate norman solomon. then to stanford law professor who has launched a recall campaign against a judge who sentenced a former stanford university swimmer to six months in jail for sexual assaulting an unconscious woman behind a

dumpster. all that and more, coming up. welclcome to d democracyow!,!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. hillary clinton has claimed the democratic presidentiall nomination. with clinton wins in california new jersey, new mexico, and south dakota, she said to be the first woman ever nominated by major party to run for the white house. with only one primary to go in the district of columbia, she has an insurmountable lead in pledged delegates over her challenger bernie sanders. but clinton's pledged delegate count falls short of the 2383 needed, meaning she will need to rely on the support of unelected superdelegates to officially secure the nomination at next month's convention in philadelphia. on tuesday night in brooklyn, clinton declared victory, celebrating what she called a milestone for women. >> on the very day my mother was

congress wasgo, passing the 19th amendment to the constitution. [cheers] that amendment finally gave women the right to vote. [cheers] and i really -- i really wish my mother could be here tonight. amy: vermont senator bernie sanders one north dakota. he has vowed to remain in the race to challenge clinton at the convention in july. >> i am pretty good in arithmetic and i know the fight in front of us is a very, very steep fight, but we will continue to fight for every vote and every delegate. [cheers]

tonight i had a very kind call from president obama, and i look forward to working with him to make sure that we move this country forward. amy: senator sanders is expected to meet with president obama at the white house thursday. we'll have more on the democratic race after headlines. racist. that is the word republican house speaker paul ryan has called donald trump's attacks on the -- a latino judge racist. trump said judge gonzalo curiel should recuse himself over litigation against the defunct, for-profit trump university, because trump has called for building a wall on the mexican border. on tuesday, house speaker ryan, the highest-ranking republican in the united states, condemned

trump's remarks. but he reiterated his support for trump's candidacy. >> i regret those comments he made. i don't think -- finding a person cannot do the job because of the race is a textbook definition of a racist comment. i think that should be disavowed. it is an except double. do i believe hillary clinton is the answer? no, i do not. amy: after days of doubling down on his claims against the judge, and even suggesting muslim judges, too, might be biased against him, trump released a statement late tuesday afternoon saying his remarks had been misconstrued. "it is unfortunate that my comments have been misconstrued as a categorical attack against people of mexican heritage. i am friends with and employ thousands of people of mexican and hispanic descent,"," the statement read. trump also said he did not intend to comment on this matter any further. donald trump, the only remaining

candidate in the republican race, swept all five republican contests tuesday, winning california, montntana, new jers, new mexico, and south dakota. he spoke of his country club in briarcliff manor new york. ,>> i know some people say i am too much of a fighter. ,y preference is always peace however, and i have shown that. i haveve shown up for a long ti. i built an extraordinary business on relationships and deals that benefit all parties involved. always. my goal is always, again, to bring people together. but if i am forced to fight for something, i really care about, i will never, ever back down in our country will never, ever back down. amy: illinois republican senator mark kirk has reversed his endorsement of donald trump. he becomes the first person to on -- un-endorse the candidate.

kirk faces a tough re-election battle against democratic congress member tammy duckworth. after democrats criticized him for failing to condemn trump's attacks on a mexican american judge, kirk released a statement saying -- "while i oppose the democratic nominee, donald trump's latest statements, in con with past attacks on hispanics, women and the disabled like me, make it certain that i cannot and will not support my party's nominee for president regardless of the political impact on my candidacy or the republican party." the number of people who have died crossing the e mediterrrran in an attempt to reach europe has topped 10,000 since 2014. the united natatns said ththis year has seen a sharp uptick in deaths, with more than 2800 people drowning since january alone. in papua, new guinea, police have reportedly opened fire on student protesters in the

capital. opposition lawmakers say four people were killed but the government has denied the toll. more than 20 people have been wounded. the students were marching in -- to demand the resignation of prime minister peter o'neill who faces a corruption scandal. in syria, at least 15 people have been killed and dozens wounded in a series of air strikes on rebel-held areas in the city of aleppo. there are reports one of the strikes hit a makeshift hospital in the eastern shaar district. on tuesday, syrian president bashar al-assad delivered a speech vowing to retake "every inch" of syria. in guatemala, eight former military members have been detaed and are facintrtrial charges f forcedisasappranceses and cr a again humumany duri the deces-long, u.s.-backed dirty war against guatemala's indigenous communities. the eight are accused of overseeing of people -- killings of people found ms graves.

in afghanistan, hundrereds of family, friends, and fellow journalists gathered outside kabul for the funeral of afghan journalist zabihullah tamanna. tamanna was working as a translator for npr when he was killed by a rocket-propelled grenade attack sunday alongside npr photojournalist david gilkey. journalist and media advocate abdul mujeeb khalvatgar was among those to attend tamanna's funeral on tuesday. >> we have lost 10 journalists so far this year, and it means this is a bloody year for journalists in afghanistan. i believe freedom of speech is not a priority for afghan government and international community anymore because we have already noticed an increase in violence against journalists in the country. it can affect democracy and freedom of speech in afghanistan. amy: in california, jasmine richards has been sentenced to 90 days in jail after she was convicted of innocents known up until recently as felony

lynching. police accused her of trying to de-arrest summoned during a peace march. the jailing of a young black activist woman on charges of protest. richards faced up to four years in prison. she was sentenced tuesday to 90 pluswith 18 days served three years probation. in washington, d.c., the city council has voted unanimously to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2020. d.c. joins the cities of seattle, san francisco and los , angeles as well as the states of california and new york, who have all passed measures heeding the call for a $15 an hour minimum wage. d.c. mayor muriel bowser has vowed to sign the measure, noting that t even with $15 an hour, , it is hard to afford to live in the district of columbia. and helen chavez, an activist

who played a crucial role in launching the united farm workers of america, has died at the age of 88. she was the widow of cesar chavez, who led the united farm workers of america for more than three decades. in a statement honoring helen chavez, president obama said -- "she managed her union's finances, prepared meals, marched in picket lines, and was even arrested for her actions, all because she believed in the dignity of america's farm workers -- men and women she toiled with in the fields, even as she raised eight children and helped lead a movement." helen chavez died monday in bakersfield, california. and those are some of the headlines. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. hillary clinton has claimed the democratic presidential nomination on tuesday y night pulling off victories in , california, new jersey, new mexico, and south dakota. clininton is s set to become the first woman to claim a major party's presidential nomination.

with only one primary to go in the district of columbia, clinton has an insurmountable lead in pledged delegates over her challenger bernie sanders. but clinton's pledged delegate count falls short of the 2383 needed meaning she will need to , rely on the support of unelected superdelegates to officially secure the nomination at next month's convention in philadelphia. on tuesday night, hillary clinton held a victory rally in brooklyn. >> thanks to you, we have reached a milestone. the first time -- the first time in our nation's history that a woman will be a major party nominee. [cheers]

tonight -- tonight victory is not about one person. ofbelongs to a generation women and men who struggled and sacrificed and made this moment possible. in our country, it started right here in new york, a clays called seneca falls -- a place called seneca falls. [cheers] when a small but determined group p of women and men came thather with the idea women deserved equal rights. and d they set it forth and something called the declaration of sentiments, and it was the first time in human history that that kind of declaration occurred. much to thoseso

who came before and tonight belongs to all of you. amy: hillary clinton speaking in brooklyn at the navy yard last night. on tuesday, bernie sanders recorded two victories in montana and north dakota but fell far short in california where he had heavily campaigned for weeks. with 94% of the votes counted, clinton is leading by a margin of 56% to 43%. it is unclear how tuesday's results were impacted by the monday announcement from the ap and nbc that clinton had already secured enough support of superdelegates to become the party's presumptive nominee. speaking in santa monica after the california polls closed, senator sanders vowed to continue his fight all the way to next month's democratic convention. >> next tuesday we continue the fight in the last primary and

washington, d.c. [cheers] going --ing -- we are we are going to fight hard. we are going to fight hard to win the primary in washington, d.c. [cheers] and then we take our fight for social, economic, racial, and

environmental justice to philadelphia, pennsylvania. [cheers] i am pretty good in arithmetic, and i know that the fight in front of us is a very, very steep fight, but we will continue to fight for every vote and every delegate. amy: senator sanders is laying off more than half of his staff and will meet with president obama in washington, d.c. on thurursday. we go now w to california wheree are joined by two esests. dolores huerta is a civil rights activist and co-founder of the

united farm workers of america with cesar chavez. president of the dolores huerta foundation for community organinizing. she has endorsed hillary clinton for president. and we're joined by norman solomon a bernie sanders , delegate to the democratic national convention and co-founder of rootsaction.org. the author of many books including, "war made easy: how presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death." we welcome you both to democracy now! let's go to dolores huerta first. your response to the hillary clinton's victory last night, the headline in "the new york times, ""clinton claims the democratic nomination." >> i think it is a very historic as hillary clinton set herself that this is a historic moment that we have a woman who is going to be the nominee, a democratic nominee for the presidency of the united states of america. i believe when hillary gets

elected, she will live the tide for all women throughout the united states. not only women, but also children because in her career, hillary has done very much for children, starting when she passed the first health care act for children. i am very hopeful. i do believe she also has the capacity to run against donald trump, and it will be a very interesting race to see mr. super macho, donald trump, run against a feminist, hillary clinton, with very different values. i do believe hillary clinton has the values o of the majority of the people of the united states of america, and that she will be successful and gain the presidency of the united days of america. amy: last night, hill it clinton addressed bernie sanders supporters. >> i know it never feels good to put your heart into a cause or a candidate you believe in and to come up short.

i know that feeling well will stop [laughter] but as we look ahead -- [cheers] battleook ahead to the that awaits, let's remember all that unites us. we all want an economy with more opportunity and less inequality, where wall street can never wreck mainstreet again. we all want a government that listens to the people, not the powerbrokers, which means getting unaccountable money out of politics. and we all want a society that is tolerant, inclusive, and fairir. amy: norman solomon, you are a bernie sanders delegate. clearly, hillary clinton offering the all of branched of people like you, to bernie sanders supporters. your response to what happened last night? think hillary clinton's

speech was well-crafted and bernie sanders speech was transcended. that is really symbolic of both campaigns. if we're getting an olive branch now from hillary clinton, it is a rather small one. it is a rather brutal one. it remains to be seen whether there is going to be much substance. it is a glass ceiling that needs to be shattered. we need equal rights for women as well as men, and we also need equal scrutiny. thatthink about the role hillary clinton has played in terms of advocating for the so-called welfare reform of 1996 that decimated the lives of millions of women economically in this country, when you think of the women in the middle east and north africa whose lives have been shattered by the policies advocated an advanced by hillary clinton, it is problematic to see her as some sort of advocate and champion

for the rights of women or children or any human being. so this is an ongoing challenge, and i think the most important words we heard last night were three from bernie. "the struggle continues." amy: dolores huerta, what about that and what about the movement writtennie sanders has over these months --ridden over these months, the mass rallies he has held in california force almost anything that hillary clinton has seen in the campaign that she has been conducting. >> i think it is wonderful that we have so many people engaged in the rallies that bernie has had. it is wonderful to see so many young people engaged, but i think we are a little shortsighted because we need to understand that the person that we have two beat in november -- to beat in november is donald

trump. hillary clinton is not the enemy. she is a very intelligent woman. she will be up to bring to fruition many, many of the ideas and philosophy that bernie sanders and his supporters have. i have a lot of faith and trust in hillary clinton. i have known her, troubled with her, seen her and talk to hundreds of people she has been involved with people she has helped. when we hear the words, we're going to keep fighting, yes, maybe we have a long way to go in our democracy in the u.s. to be able to erase inequality, to be able to get our labor unions respected again, to get our people of color respected. yes, all of ththe thingsgs -- y, we need to do something about the college tuition. but we are going to have a nominee, and that is hillary clinton. at this point, we have to talk about unity and stop thehe talk

about fighting. we have to come together because there is some at it we have to defefeat and that is donald tru. at the end of the day, as many as the values of bernie sanders have are the same values that hillary clinton has. i hope that many of the bernie sanders supporters will understand thahat. if we keep -- if the talk keeps going on we're going to fight, we're going to fight, then this is going to help donald trump. it won't help anybody but him. we have to be real about what is going on in our country right now. amy: do you think at this point bernie sanders should drop out of the race? >> i think that some of the rhetoric that bernie is using is also i think -- especially when it comes to the young people, many that he represents. athink he has got to be leader in this moment. this is what he has to be. eventually, we know that hillary

is going to be the nominee. how he handles that -- i am supposing he is having trouble dealing with that, that he is not going to be the democratic candidate. we know that he has half of the people -- almost half of the people on the platform committee are bernie sanders supporters. they will be able to craft a kind of platform for the democratic convention that we all want. we all want social justice, reform, but let's start working together and stop the fight talk. it is enough already. together. we have to win in november of the donald trump. amy: your response? >> we definitely need to defeat donald trump. no soap respecting her human respecting aggressive would ever vote for -- progressive would ever vote for donald trump will stop at the same time, you're not going to be able to defeat the bogus, racist, in a phobic type of pseudo populism coming from donald trump with a sort of

wall street throw in a littltle bit of populist rhetoric campaigning that we have been getting from hillary clinton. of course while we defeat donald trump, we also need to keep on keeping on to speak truth to and about power. right now corporate power has a stranglehold over domestic policy, over international policy. it is fueling the worst day of perpetual -- war state of perpetual war. since when do they go silent when hillary clinton is an advocate for perpetual war? there are people in libya, iraq, syria who are suffering grievously because of policies not only in the past that she has advanced, but once she is prescribing for the future. since when do we go silent when hillary clinton affectionately crazes and describes henry kissinger as her friend? let's be there, hillary clinton is a pro-war candidate. if bernie sanders is not exactly

an antiwar candidate, he is not a pro-war candidate for instance, he is symbolically said he would never want henry kissinger -- who, frankly, is a warmonger and a war criminal. i just think history bears that out. bernie sanders went out of his iy into debates to say, look, would never consider him my friend. he is a disgraceful historic figure in terms of being -- i think we need to get a clear grip on what our values are. progressives are absolutely capable of holding in their minds and hearts two fundamental precepts and goals. one, yes, we must defeat donald trump. the other is, we have eternal vigilance to challenge the kind of corporate power, wall street friendly and militarism policies that are advocated by now and represented fully by hillary clinton. amy: do you see a path for

bernie sanders right now to the presidency, norman solomon? >> i think there is a path to philadelphia. like many other bernie sanders delegates that i have spoken with in recent days, we want to hear the nominating speeches and the seconding speeches for bernie sanders inside the hall in philadelphia. we want to hear him's reach of the convention still as a whoidate and as delegates have been elected in our congressional districts, for instance in the state of california, we want to cast our votes for bernie sanders as the nominee for president of the united states of the democratic party. that need not be divisive at all. it is inclusive. it means that, as jesse jackson said way back in 1988, a plane and a party needs to wings to fly. and if this party tries to lop off the left wing of its vehicle

and its possibilities, then we're going to be fighting this campaign with one hand amputated behind our back. amy: we're going to continue this discussion. norman solomon is a bernie sanders delegate to the democratic national convention, and dolores huerta is a civil rights activist and co-founder of the united farm workers of america with cesar chavavez. about want to ask dolores cesar chavez's wife helen who has just died. ♪ [music break]

amy: this is democracy now!, democracynowow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. night, the clinton held a victory rally at the brooklyn navy yard as she claimed the democratic presidential nomination, pulling off victories in california, new

jersey, new mexico, and south dakota. democracy now! was there speaking with some of her supporters. >> i am from manhattan. i am here because after many months of painful back and forth , proud to be a look about and say, go to lori. i cannot wait for her to put ,rump in his place and to say not just women, but a lot of people have wanted to say, to stand up for social justice in this country for women -- for everything. >> i name is francis and i'm here to support hillary clinton because she is the most qualified to hold the position from day one. a number two, because she and my lifetime i would love to see a female put these 40 for men down. >> i am from long island city queens and i am here to celebrate because hillary is going to be the nominee. i like her ideas. i actually like the fact that bernie sanders even kind of shifted some of the ideas to the

left the cousin i'm all about that, but i think she is -- left, but i'm all about that because she has all about making these ideas come to fruition. i have a lot of friends on that site and it is a shame it got so contentious. really she should be lend out a hand to those people, make sure they get those voices heard. include them with us because we are the democratic party and we need to come together, especially to fight against donald trump. that would be a nightmare if he was anywhere near the white house. amy: i am from brooklyn, new york. i am here -- my mother, my grandmother, my grandchildren -- because it is a historic moment. i am 71 years old and i am absolutely excited that we will have a woman president. a womanthe first time has been nominated by major

party. it is huge. it is on the same level as having a black resident. i want to see mymy grandchildre. amy: a spepecial t thanks to caa for that report from the brooklyn navy yard. during her victory speech on tuesday night, hillary clinton looked ahead to the general election, attacking donald trump. >> the stakes in this election are high and the choice is clear. donald trump is temperamentally unfit to be president -- [cheers] and he is not just trying to build a wall between america and mexico, he is trying to wall off americans from each other. when he says, let's make america great again, that is code for, let's take america backwards.

amy: that was hillary clinton last night. donald trump gave his victory speech at his country club in briarcliff manor, new york. it was the first time during this campaign that he was using a teleprompter. his campaign said that he wrote the script along with his inner circle, discussing people like his daughter ivanknka trump. dolores huerta, the issue of the wall is been in the forefront in the last two days because donald trump has raised it. he is trying to get the judge to recuse himself, who is overseeing the civil lawsuit against his now-defunct trump university where students are accusing him of defrauding them out of millions of dollars. he says that the judge, gonzalo curiel, a federal judge, cannot because biased simply

of his mexican heritage. or as he says, he is a mexican. and he directly links it to trump's support for the wall. your response, dolores huerta? >> well, that is a ridiculous statement. again, he is showing his overt racism that he has against latinos, especially mexicans, and to attack a judge that way is unethical and might even be illegal ththe way he is doing that.. i think this is the way that trump works. he blows a lot of smoke of their and blows a lot of fire. you think that is going to somehow be able to cover his actions so that people will not see what the man is and what he does and what a corrupt person donald trump is. i know the truth will all be coming out during this campaign. i do also want to say just on amy: i want to talk about the dailily news front page, the "nw

york l.a. news." it says "i am with racist. trump's mexican judge rent is the definition of racist, says house speaker paul ryan, but i still support him." >> that is what is so sad. i do believe the racism in the u.s. has been so inherent in so part of the fabric of the united states of america, hopefully with donald trump being in the forefront and his supporters bringing it to the forefront, it will be a call to action for all of our organizations, our agencies, our institutions, public and private, that we have to start doing something to end racism -- amy: i want to say -- >> i want to say disparaging hillary clinton because she knows very -- henry kissinger, does not mean she advocates his policies. i think that is going far field. attacking hillary clinton for

policies that other people have advocated or have practiced, i believe, is wrong. i hope that does not continue between now and the time that she is running her election. amy: norman solomon, yourur response? >> they have praised each other. they praised each other's policies, henry kissinger and heller clinton have publicly lauded each other's policies. robert careythe who is documented in great detail that hillary clinton's policies, her advocacy's for foreign intervention, are essentially very similar to what we call neocon policies that prevailed under the presidency of george w. bush. it is now just called liberal interventionism, now called responsibility to protect or rtp , but the bottom line is the

same. i think we need to have a single standard of a value waiting the advocacy and policies of presidential candidates. it is really fair to say that hillary clinton has advanced through her words and deeds as secretary of state policies of continual u.s. military intervention and the fact oh perpetual war. ctcto perpetual war. i think we ought to debate that. amy: i want to turn to a part of donald trump speech last night. >> we're going to rebuild our inner cities, which are absolutely a shame and so sad. going to take care of our african american people that have been mistreated for so long list of amy: take care of our african american people. dolores huerta? >> that sounds kind of a plantation talk, very patronizing. i don't think the african-americans are going to

be fooled by that kind of speech that donald trump is now engaging. i think the people are too smart for that. i'm sure he is one to be changing a lot of his rhetoric. maybe not so much against mexicans, but against other people. we will be seeing a change in donald trump by his handlers to try to make a more palatable so people will vote for him. he has shown as during this election cycle who he really is. i don't think people will be full. amy: i wanant to turn -- i want to turn to a part of his speech where he addressed bernie sanders supporters. >> to all of those bernie sanders voters who have been left out in the cold by a rigged system of superdelegates, we welcome you with open arms. , you will beolomon in philadelphia. >> in his statement last night,

donald trump was feeding on the thatulous and absurd spin has come from so much of the mass media in this country complaining somehow the "antiestablishment positions of bernie sanders" and donald trump. as bernie said last night, donald trump is antithetical to bernie zaidis and progressive ideas. and the fact is that unless we are going to take on the need for democracy a challenging the power of wall street, then we are leaving open the door for the donald trumps of the world to come right in and demagogue it out. the reality is, today, nobody who embraces the campaign of bernie sanders should do anything but try to defeat donald trump. and what trump said last night to try to woo bernie sanders

supporters i think will largely overwhelmingly be rejected, as it should be. amy: very quickly, norman solomon, your response to ap and democratic the nomination for hillary clinton on the eve of the largest primary in the united states, in your state, california? >> it really is an example of mass media genuflecting to elites within the democratic party. in this case, superdelegates will stop those delegates were not elected for the purpose. some of them are lobbyists for tobacco companies and so forth. it is a pattern where ap and nbc in the major media outlets, they have been clueless for more than a year about what the bernie sanders campaign is all about. they thought that progressives could not mount an effective presidential campaign. and i think it isdefacto vote

suppression and more more people are recognizing that kind of media manipulation as exactly that, efforts to manipulate. amy: i want to thank you, norman solomon, for joining us, a bernie sanders delegates, one of the founders of rootsaction.org. , "war madebooks easy: how presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death." dolores huerta, i want to talk to about helen chavez, who played a crucial role in launching the united farm workers of america who is just died at the age of 88, widow of cesar chavez, who together with you led the united farm workers of america for more than three decades. in a statement honoring helen chavez, president obama said --

you knew her well, is that right? >> yes, i did. helen was a very dear, very close friend. we were together for many years, even before we started the united farm workers. she was truly the foundation and the rock. have't think cesar would been able to a college what he did without her physical and emotional support she gave, not just to caesar, but to everyone in the movement will stop ththe staff, volunteerers work diligently in our r credit u un. i do want to say, hey, in california, with a popular vote where hillary clinton won the popular vote. amy: i i want to thank you for being with us, dolores huerta -- >> by the way, helen chavez voted in her absenentee ballolor hihillary c clinton. just before she passed away she

said, as soon as i get out of this hospital, i want to start doing commercials for hillary clinton. she was a very strong advocate for hillary clinton and i know there has been so worn out there that the chavez family itself was supporting bernie. no. they all supported hillary clinton. amy: d dolores huerta, thank you for joining us, civil rights activist and co-founder of the united farm workers of america with cesar chavez. president of the dolores huerta foundation for community organizing and hillary clinton supporter. when we come back, we go to stanford university to find out about the case of a man who was convicted d of felony after fely around sexual assault, sentence to six months in prison. stay with us. ♪ [music break]

amy: "true colors" by kesha and zedd. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report.

i'm amy goodman. we turn now to the effort to recall a judge who sentenced to former stanford university swimmer convicted of sexually assaulting an unconscious woman to six months in jail. judge aaron persky expressed concern a longer sentence would have "a severe impact on him." brock allen turner was caught by two witnesses thrusting on top of the victim as she lay unconscious behind a dumpster. in a packed california court, the victim read aloud what the local prosecutor called the most eloquent, powerful, and compelling piece of victim advocacy that i've seen in my 20 years as a prosecutor. she began by recounting how she woke up in a hospital with pine needles in her hair, her -- and no idea what had happened to her. she said -- "you took away my worth, my privacy, my energy, my time, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, until today," she read, addressing her rapist directly. "you bought me a ticket to a planet where i lived by myself."

she concluded her statement with a message to survivors everywhere. "on nights when you feel alone, i am with you. when people doubt you or dismiss you, i am with you. i fought every day for you. so never stop fighting, i belilieve you," she said. the survivor, who has not been named publicly, told the guardian she was overwhelmed and speechless at the support she had received. brock allen turner was convicted of three felony counts of sexual assault and faced a maximum of 14 years in state prison but was , only sentenced to six months in county jail and probation. that punishment isis significany less than the minimum prison time of two years prescribed by state law for his felony offenses. the judge is a stanford alumnus who led the university's lacrosse team -- his critics say he we was unduly influenced by turner's background as a fellow elite athlete. tuturner's father fueled thee outrage by complaining his son's life had been ruined for what he

called "20 minutes of action." meanwhile, stanford university has finally released turner's original booking photo from the night of his arrest last year. up until now most media outlets , had been using a smiling turner, ratherof than the mugshots that typically accompany stories of sexual assault and other crimes. stanford's surveys have found that 43%3% of female graduates have experienced sexual assault or misconduct, and that more than two-thirds of them said perpetrators took advantage of intoxicated victims. brock turner's case has sparked outcry across the country in , part because campus sexual assaults seldom lead to criminal prosecutions and convictions. for more we go to stanford, california, where we're joined by michele landis dauber, the stanford law professor who is leading the recall campaign against judge aaron persky, santa clara county superior sentenced brock

turner to six months in jail. michele landis dauber, welcome to democracy now! explain what your petition is calling for. >> so we are a group of democratic and progressive women here in silicon valley who have comeme together to put togethern actual recall campaign. there are a number of change.org petition's online, but those are not the official california -- effort.rt to to participate, you should go to recallaaronpersky.com. we will be collecting signatures , getting this on the ballot, and working to replace him with somemeone who understands violee against women. amy: can you talk about judge persky's handling of the case?

explain what happened in the trial. he was found guilty by crimes.or three felony the third was a very serious charge but has a minimum, as you said, two-year sentence. presumptivively, not eligible fr stay lessor a jaiail than that two years. however, the judge really bent over backwards in order too give this defendant a very lightt sentence. amy: in his sentencing, the judge seemed to sympathize with turner's assertion the encounter saying --onsensual

the judge also set a prison sentence wouould have a severe impact on him, "i think you n nt be a a danger to oththers." yoyour response? >> this is the kind of talk that really has outraged the commmmunity -- really come acros the world. here in silicon valley in particular. under the law, the judge had to make a finding in order to grant probation. the state legislature requires the judge make a finding that this is "unusual case and an interest of judges -- justice require him to grant probatiti. to do that, , he found becausese was grievously very successful young man and a good swimmer, you know, with all of these

accomplishments as an athlete, and d that he was intoxixicatedd ththat would make it unusual. the problem is that basically describes every sexual assault at stanford. amy: explain how stanford -- you are professor at stanford law school. explain how stanford has dealt with this attack. >> i'm sorry, there's a lot of clicking on the line. could you repeat? amy: explain how stanford university debt with the attack. it took place in january 2015, is that right? and the reason that -- the reason that the perpetrator was found was because two people were riding by on a bicycle and saw him on top of this unconscious woman and chased him.m. >> yes, that is right. there were eyewitnesses s to ths assault, which makes it even worse, frankly, that the judge

was so lenient in the sentence. i think that one of the questions you asked me was, how has stanford done with respect to this question. i think it is important for viewers to understand stanford has a long history o of not treating these offenses particularly aggressive. for example, up until at least last year, stanford had only ever expelled one student in the history of the university for sexual assault. they have not, for example, as harvard president has, taken only fraternity culture of toxic masculinity and the seseal assaulult that comes along with that. more directly, harvard has taken strong measures against fraternities then stanford has. -- then stanford has. our provost has lasted up to the fraternities. i think in some ways you can see this is the kind of situation you can end up with when you

elite maleter athletic privilege. amy: i want to read more from the statement that the victim made in the courtroom, which has been viewed by millions of people, addressing brock allen turner she said --

the victim ended her statement with a message to fellow survivors. she said, as the author once wrote, lighthouses don't go running all over an island looking for boats to save. they just stand there shining. i hope by speaking today you absorbed the small amoununt of light, smallll knowing that you can't the silenced in a small

satisfaction that justice was served, a small assurance that we are getting somewhere in a big knowing you are important, question make, you are untouchable, you're beautiful, you're to be valued, respected, undeniniably every minute of evy day. your powerful and nobody can take that away from you. to girls everywhere, i am with you. thank you." the victctim chose to remain anonymous. professor, her statement in coururt? >> i'm having trouble keeping my composure listening to you read it as i think a lot of people probably are. i really hope you will post the full statetement on democrcracy! website or link to the buzzfeed site so that people can read it for themselves. it is incredibly powerful. it really has, i think, caused a lot of women who have been sexually assaulted or other individuals who someone close to them has been sexually assaulted to really understand the pain that i really want your viewers

to understand, although this has inspired so many people, she did not write it for that purpose. she wrote it for the purpose of persuading judge aaron persky. unfortunately, unlike the millions of people who have been moved around the world, judge persky apparently was not moved by this but was instead persuaded that he needed to have a lot of sympathy for brock turner. amy: i want to end the asking about something else that happened in california. likewise matter activist jasmine richards has been sentenced to 90 days in jail after convicted of an offense known up until recently as felony lynching. she was accused of trying to de-arrest someone last august. charges of felony lynching sparked protests. she faced up to four years in prison and sentence tuesday to 90 days with 18 days served plus three years probation. brock allen turner is expected to serve three mononths or less with good behavavior in the same amount of probation time.

your response? >> i thinknk this really doeoes highlight t the reason why we fl it i is important to recalall je persky. we have one system of justice in this country and we need to make sure that women are s safe regardless of where they are assaulted, and that whether it is on a college campus or anywhere else, and that when an individual does perpetuate an offense, they're subject to the same kind of justicice and to equal justice regardless of who they a are, whether they have hh grades or their stanford student or not, whether they are an excellent athlete or not. everyone needs the same standards. amy: we have to leave it there. i want to continue this conversatition and post it onlie because i want to ask you what happened right before brock was sentenced. a fascinating story that links to what we're seeing today. michele landis dauber, stanford law professor, leading the

recall campaign against aaron persky, santa clara county superior court judge. that does it for our show. we have two job openings. go to democracynow.org. democracy now! is looking for feedback from

michchael: of f all the wonds of t the human body, therere'one that i think is me myststious than any oth.. the veve sight makes so people int. losing h half will kilill you. and it permeates our culture as sely asas o bodies.s. blood, i it is said, is thick thahan war, but what do we reaeally know about thisis sticky red d subste and its mysterious, lifefe-givg forcrc fofor ceuries, is inspired our r darkest fligights of i imaginati,, with the p promise that t it will l help us cheaeadeat, recover our yoh.h.

but now science is finding n w ways to tap its t true potentiaial. i'm going g to investigagae the strangnge and wondererful world of my own n blood. man: keep going, kekeep goi, ththat'st. michchael: i'llll learn how to boostst its power..... inhe b blink of e eye. thatat is cold! find out how itatastes. so, here we go, black pudddding á la micichae. and chart s s many ghghways and bywyws. ththat is circuculation. the product of hours sntnt in t mri m macne. most surisising all, i'lliscocovewhy dracula had d thright idea. i wawant to nd ways can meddle witmymy own bod and make myself fitter, younger, healthier. i want to show you what blood can really y do.

i'm not fazed by blo,, which is jusust as well bebecause in thihis program i'm going to be spilli lo of itit. it's's quite stranange anand sligly d distuing wahihing bod flowowut of my body, anthat's'secauselolood isuch a a precious fluluid. inin fact, almost every greaeat region a andociety hahas imbued blood with almomost magical qualities. i'i'm making a s small whdrawal from my ownn personalal blood bank.k. around half f a liter. enough t to get me through a unique set of triaials. trtrials that i i hope will reveal l five astonisish prpropties of f ood.

and i'm starting wh h onthat is fundameal t tlife itself. i live and work inonondon, ich is a sprawling c city, so i like to cycleroround. it beats the traicic, it cheapap, and itit's also goodod for my heartrt and lungs.. now, i do this mnlnly in ththe pe it wiwi keeme fit, whwhich these dadays is sometg of a a uphill struruggle. the harder i pede,e, e e deeper i brereathe, drawawing oxygen i into my lu. but london trafficsiside, therere'a limit.t. if i r really pu m myself, my mususcles start t to ac, and the e reason for t that is h hidden deep i in my blo.

sohat i'veot her is two tt bes full of dark, red,ich h ood, anhaveve aook at what h happenso ththisne when i put some ygenen thrgh it.t. it's n nice and messssy and mur. as i bubble oxygen through the blood, something happens. so what you should be able to see now is aolor chang the one ovover here is a a sortf lighter,r, brighter, a arterial. and thiss a cl to aransfoation taking pce inse us inur red blood cells. wewe have staggegering numbmbers of them.m. your blood coninins aroundnd 2trillionon and d you ke 17 mimillion new onones every sececond. each time wereatat in, they extractct oxygen from the airir, changing color as theyo o so.

and, more e importantly,y, providining life-givining ene. but ere are e limits. now, blood can only hold so mh oxoxen, which is w t the cor isn'n't chging anynyurther. no matter how mu m more ygen i i pp in, on eacach cell is sasaturate, ththat's it, my blolood can't takake any mo, and d this limitss what my body is capapable of. but what if i could change my blood so it carries rere oxyge would th help meat way to grter fitns? to f find out, i'v've come to ththe institute e of sport, exexercise and h health. - great effort. ( chuckles ) - ( cougughs ) lovely!y! michchae we're going memeasurthmaxiximurate at whichch my blood cacan pass oxoxygen to my m muscles. how does that feelokok?

michael: it's calleled my vo2 m.. - so, yoyou're all setet. - ( indistinct ) ok, that's it. ththree minutes s of this. that's i it, keep goining. that's's excellent.. well done,e, well do. michael:l: soon my y lungs e burnrning and d my heart is s pounding as i struge e to kee thoxygen flowing. ththat's it, thehe muscles arere working realally hard now,w, your heart rat wiwill he incrcread so the amount of blooood beg pumpmped around y your body per r minute is inincreasing. i can seyoyour breathingng has s increased. um, all of this to just keep thatat supy of o oxyn to t the muscles u until the pot whwhere you can n no longer gog. that's excellent. twenty m more seconds,s, come . that's great. real p push it keep t those legs gogoing rou, kekeep going, keep going. - ( groans ) - that it.t. stothe loload

that's it, that's it, th's i it. jt relalax. whoo! yeah. i think the thing that surprprisedmost was ththe pain was alall in mthigigh, i mean, that was wh w was reay huhurtin it wast t my lungst t all. soso it's your l legs that stoppeded you, then?? yeahah, and that's's what's con with most t people, it t the faire o of liry of o ogen to theususcles which sts you omom cycng anynyore raratherhan running ouofof breh. the pblem was mcles ying at me, "i need re o oxyn." yeah, combation n ofow muchou c can bathe in and d then how mucuch oxygen you can pumpmp around in y yr circulation, it can no longer meetet thademandnd d that's's where everything f falls apart.. michaeael: right. now for my results. just how fit am i? this could be embarrassing. whwhat we see hehere is, for yoyour body weigight, - ur vo2 maxax is... - da-dumum! - 35 mils peper kilo per m min. - ok. i'm a little bit disappointed because,e, three yearsrs ago whenen i did this s test it was a about the samame, - maybe 35, 36, so... - .

i thininthat's good, then. beyondnd the age of a about 40 or s so you would expecto2 max to jt t slowly dliline as y getet old and o old, so, as thehe years have e gonen maybe ththe training t that youo is just lolowing you to s stay in a steady state. so, 35. isis that ok for r a bloke my a age? it's absolututely fine michael: fi, but not rticular impresse. although t the strength my heart t and lungss limits how hard i can clcle, my r redells alslsmatter. one way to increase your red bloodod cell count,t, anand therefore e your athlhleticerformrman, is to take dgsgs. this is both dangerous s. the alrnate to train at a aitude, preferably vy highltitude.

dan and ned ha b both ent titimen evereses researchching how altititue affects s the human bobody. at this s height, therere's a lolot less oxygegen around. to compensate,urur body mamakemore red blood cells fortunately, to get the same resusults i don't hahave to go to the himalalayas. - - pulse oximeteter. - that's's perfect.. michael: i just have e to css thehe ro. soso, put that o on your finge, once you go o through the door, yoyou're going t to be in abobout 12% oxygen,n, which is t the equivent of somewherere arnd 4,5,500eters, so about t the summit ofof mont blanc.c. ok, smsmells a bit f funny, but otherwrwise... you' f feeling all riright, though?h? - yeah, yeah. - goodexcecellent. michael: ththis is altltitudchambebe. i'going g toe trtrappeinsidedeere for the nenext fr hours. dr. martin:: so t f firsthing thatill l ppen to michael

he goesesnto thchchamber, is hisis bodwill s sen that t there's a rededuced lel ofof oxygen in t the air and he'll begin to breathe harder and his heart will begegin to pump faster and harder. so thahat will circuculate m e oxoxygen round h his body, to try and make up for the ftt that there's less of f it in the air. michael: after about anour, i really start to feel the effects. my, uhuh, oxygen levelel is around 80%,%, whwhich is pretttty damned lo. i'm acactually feeliling very t, i'm doing a lot ofawawning the m momt. i'm s suggling. i feelel groggy and d lethar. but indede me, remarkable changes should already be king place. my body y will have dedetected ththe fall in oxoxygen. in resesponse, it shshould he released a hormone called erythroietin, orpo. this hormone triggers the creation

new redlood cells right, that's our four hrsrs up. - ok. - we c r releaseou f from re. thank you.u. after fofourours spentnt the topop of mont blalanc, have mblood test. my epoevels have shot up by aimimpressive 40%. if i'dtayed the chamber r a a bilonger, myed bloodells wou ha s staed to multiply. a drug-fe e way boost youblooood and enennce your performce.. no wonr sosoany athletes train n altite. but there's a catch.h. to make a measurable difference, i'd need to live in this chamber for the best par of aonth.. i asked mymy wife if shehe fancied d keeping me c compa. but strangngely enough,, she said n no.

so, until she chgeges her mimind i'm going g to have to makake wiwith the 20 trtrillion red s i have a at the momentnt to powower me througugh thstrereets of londodon. apart from oxygegen, blood does indeed carrotheher things. fantastitic. looks gooood. several titimes a day, and without gingng it a sesecondhoughtht, we l load our blooood with s sugar and fatat. mmm. now, this is a sample oflolood th was t tak from me a few hoururs after eatiting ththat greasy brbreakfast, it's been spun down and d you can seee the red blooood cells and other cells do here, and this yellowyluid up here, that is plasasma.

it's actctually quee murklookining because it's g got little dropletsts of fat in i it from my greaeasy breakfastst. now, that's slhthtly diurbingng, n't it?? plasmama cries the brbreakdown prododucts of food araround youbobody. by contrast, this o one ththat was taken just beforore i had thatat breat and i hope you caneeee that the plplma is much clearer. plasasma makes u up re thalf o our b and is key to o its second remarkabable ability.. to absororb the mind boggling variety of substces that come from the food we scscoff, and deliver r them as enerergy to fueuel r musclele raw materials to build n tisissu orimply be stored as b rollsf fat arou our bodie thank yoyou. that's fafantasti but how exactldodo e diffffert foods s eat changey y blood, anand what does s at do to m?

to f find out, the next day s sit dow to a v very differenent kind o of breakfast.t. sadly, no caffffeine this momor, but i gett the orange j juice insteadad. goodod juice, ough. i've comtoto glaow uninirsity to see how eatgg ose didiffent breaeaasts has altered my bloodanand me. now, this is an impressi pipiece kit, , ist it? wowo so, this is s our mass spectrorometry room.. we have sixx mass spectrorometers in hehere and they function like erememely sesensive weighing scales, ok, , so you put t the molecule, and d it weighs ea one anletstsou kw whatat iis. it's'srocessing my blo from brkfast athehe momen iitit? it i i absolutely, soso we' put i iin thimamachine, it's now pcessssinit and thiss the e relts thatat are ming o outt the moment. this imetabomics---- a nol data cnching approa to foodcience is s a radicallyy new way y to find out t whatat different foooods do when ty geget inde you.

thousands of different molecules appeared in my blood after eating brefafast, and ththfascinating part is following how they change between the two meals.s. michchl: so, what did u fifind dr. sci: ok, s weooked inour plas, we looked at thoanands ofof mecules, and the are several ndred that are different between the two ysys wheyou hahad the differerent breakfas. um, some o of them ok quite ieresesting and tell i interesting s storie, and i could take youou through - yeyes, please. i'm all es.s. - so of ththos so first, a prtyty obviousnene, which islucocose. ok, soso glucose lookoks pretty statable and what this means y youre able to control ur sugugarevels etty... ththat's relief becaus i have family histor fatatr died of diabes-releled illnesses. so, thoughgh this isotot diagnostic, , itould indndicate that your sugar levels are t bobouncingbout,, they'r're keeping fairly stae,e, anand that's true acacross both breaeakfasts. mimichael: t tanita also f fou someththing she wasnsn't expec,

anand which e e was exted d y because she hadn't seen it fore. ter i e the grea fry-up, ere waapparent a surge inattyty ads, caed proaglandins. this is a gn of inammation iny blood ssels and is not good thi. if y l looat day one, yoyou have a cououple of proststaglandins. michael: right, the e are bo indidicars of ininammatory... . casci: of inflammioion,eah. this cou have someing do withhe diet that youad on dadaon so, you kn, the ieied egg and the prprocessed meatats somehow ininducing inflalammat. michael: inflammation is generay a a bad ing, i isn it? i i mean, obviouously i wouldd expect the f fat to go up,p, but inflammatition is alsasassociated wiwith heart disease and alsortrts - oftheradad tngsn't it? - exexactly. what i i find extraoaordinary abouout th is for ththe first timeme by looking i into ood you can actual telell so mh abouwhat the fooood is really dodoing inside m me. drdr. casci:eaeah, and what you're doing to that food, so what you see is a combination of who you are and what you've eaten. michchael: whatats really exciting a about metabololoms is that by msusuring wt isis going ononnside our bloo

it is possssible to see, for the fifirst time, exactly what our food is doing a after we eat t it. wewe are, quite literally,y, what w weat, and our bls ability cararry such a vasrangnge ofububstans gigis it athther qlity that's oft o overlked. it's nutritiou acroross the naturural world, therere are numerorous species of animals that feast on human blood. he l lice. mosquitoes. leeches. in fact, all tt lot t ha at o oneime or another gorged on n my blood, and seem to o have enjoyed d the experience.

even hans somemetimedrink k ood. now, we're all familiar with t vamampireyth, but wawas surised to read that i in roman times, drinking othereoeople's oodd was extremely popular. whateople wod do is they'd goo a a figh gladiator lylying dead theher, and if y you had see ailmt likeke elepsy, you would dadash in and tranand grab a chuhunk of the dead glaladiator's livive, or perhahaps just lickck the wo. in fact, the reason le d did ts is becausese the gladiatotors were younung, ththey were fit t and they were rerecently dead.d. these days, we'rleless inclclined to drk k blood toto cure our aiailments, but do o eny eatingng it. most every national cuisee has a rerecipe involvining animal blolood. in a playful, ghoulish md,d, i've decidided to make a trtraditional, british h blood dish,, with a lesess tradionanal inedientnt.

my own blood. here we go. not very attractivlolookin bui've managed to tt two black puddings out of 3 330 mils of m my bloo. this should be actual quiuite nritiouous, plenty of prprotein, lots of f vitamin c anand iro. right, for those who are wawatchingheirir figes you might like tknow that bloois r reay quite e calofic. in fact, thehere's almostt twicice as many cacalories per mil of blood a say, be. ok, it's k kind of readydy to plate up,p, i think. here we go. black puddining á la michahae. mm, not bad, cld do o wi a t morere st, i think, i obviously dot have very salty blood

i n't t ink it's g gng to take off a n natiol dishshthis. quite chewy. we've seen that one of blood's primary jobs is to carry oxygen and nutrients to evevery part t the bod it does so via arteries, veinins ancapillllars. and, of cocourse, itirirculate these days thededea that blood circulate is as obobvious as the fact the earth goes round the s su. but it's a surprisiny rececent discoveryry. the romans, believers in vital spirits, were also convinced that blood is made fresh evy day d travels ly one way out to our fingers and toes, where it is burnt away. it sounds bizarre to us today, but thisis idea survivived largelely unchallengnged for ovover 1,000 yeaears,

untitil someone dedecided to a ratherer obvious expererim. now, ourur modern undederstandig of thehe human circuculatory sye began here in bart's hostatal in the earlyly years of thehe 17th centurury. it began with williahaharvey, an emintnt dtor and mo unlnlikely revolulutionar. it occurred hararvey thatepleleshing our blood evevery day mustst involve makaking huge amounts of t the red stuffff. so he decideded to do anan experiment.t. he got hold of an anil l heart. heilled ononof the ambersrsith water. d d en he ju kikindf poured it out and he msusured at he'e'd go then he did the caululation. he toothe vome of wer h he'd asureded anand ltiplied it by t n number of times the hrtrt bea.

thisame totoround ten lirs o of ood ssing through thheart erery ho. th's 24040iters b blood beininproducedy y yourody every sile d day now, clear, itit w stlyly morbloodd than anyone's dydy could possibly be makingngn a day. ththe only ratioional explanatn is that blood must b be circatining. fafast forward 4 400 years and we cananow see how blood flows throh ththe bo in ws s haey could nevehaveve damt of. now, this is an mri mache,e, and i absolutely loaee mri i machines bebeuse i'm mildldly claustrophphobic. apparently, , i'm going to be n ere e for most f fouhours. 3030 seconds th powerful scanner is buiuilding up a picture

of allll the major blood vesss in m my body. ok, mimichael, cayoyou brthe inin, please? good. breathe out. nono that is impresse. it's not the sorof t thi you ululd rmally e er see. this imy circution bed on hours ent inhe mri macne, its the mar highwa downhich my ood travs. what youe lolookg at at t m momen is actctuay the arteries, the e gh-spe n netwo. if you add in thmiminor arries and the vns then i it gets realllly complic. intrododuce the capipillaries and d it's almost t a sold sculpture ofof my body. inin fact, bloodod is so essent, every ving c cl in my by lilies oaveragag just a hundredth ofof a milmeteter from a blood vessel. now, that dsds u to an asnishin 60,000iles of bing. enough tgo around the wod twice.

it looks like a stst and mplex x biof plumbmbg. and titil cently,, docts s teed to treat it asas nhi more sophticated an that. but t there is actually y a set about our cicirculatory sysym that we are only nobeginnnninto unravav. if an artetery supplyingng the heheart gets blolocked, then the surgeon may t u using a veinin tbypass t t blocke.e. in time,e, however, ththe veis themselves o often clog. why? well, the e answer camee not fromom medicine but omom aerodamamic engigineing. here at imperialolollege londodon, engineers enend theidaysys analyzing hohow air owows overer racing carsrs and d airpne winings

the e team are nowow applying the techniniques of aerorodyns to study how bod flolows through artees andndeins. peter vincenent has set upp a demonstratation of what can go wngng a comommoprocedurur- bypassss surgery. so wha i lookingt t he, this presumably reesentstsn arte? yep, that'righght,nd thiseprereses a veinin anand the entirere configuration represents something g that would be formed by a clinician arartificially i inside the bo, such as s a bypass graraft. ok, so i'm a surgege, there's a problem further down there,, i, f for example,, have attached a vein here to bypass a blocockage, in, , say, an artetery feeding ththe heart. dr. vincent:t: exactly. y yeah. that's exactly what it represents. michael: now we're going to use colored ink to simulate what happens when our blood t tries to flow round a a sharp cornener.

so we n n see e ink comi throughere, which gives an indication ofhehe flo and what we noti i is, inhis reregi, ththe flow is vevery unsteady. michael: surgeons c commonly ned to join blooood vessels, and it turnsns out that if the angngle of connecection is too extmeme, it cateses turml l in ourloodod fw. dr. vincent: ththproblem with thiis,, ghghly uteady y ow can tuallyly aravate thvevess wall and cause the vesselalll to infla,, d d gr inwardsds and ock ththis conction,n, which is c clearly very y bad if youe foformed a bypasass aft. right, so that csess the siside of the tery to furp or blo or whatever, ithat rig? - tonfnflamenwards, 's annfnflammory response. so the idea is, if we e dersta thflow p pterns in m more tail,, we can lk k touppress e e unstdinessss that occs and d y ancreaeate bassess that are, , well, functition for longer and last lolonger.

michael: now, watch whahappen when our tube isurveved ininead oftraiaigh withth aentler angle of c cnection, e flowowecomes mu, mumuchmoother. petes team are expriring how the inicicate rves ofur blolo vessels affecthe w wayur bloodlows thughout o wholeody. pepete what we can dis zozo in on the flofield,d, on the flu d dynics. michael: ththeye been lking at hoblood moves ththrough e aoaorta, e main artery miming outf ththe het. in the aorortic arch, fofor exa, you cacan see the nanatural twit and curvature t the arch, soso as well ass justurving a around, it twists s and it sort t of hahas a helical l shape at actcts to mix and d irl thblooood mix oxygen in ththe blood, helps to statabilize the f fl, avoid unsteadiness. - it just makes you fully appreciate the wowonders of evovolution, doesesn't it?

well, yes, quite, soluly, , yeah michael: so the stle curv and spes of o arteries en't ranm. our rculatory system is a re wonder of natur engineeng, designedo contl oublood fl with amang precion. and is reseah hahaspired a ry neamecal innotion. now,w, this is somomething calleded a snt, it's a nicickel-titaniumum mes, and what surgeons do ishey y use in artrties which arare paially y blocked, might be an n artery feedining your heartrt or, say, your r leg, and itt holds that a artery open.. the trouble , that the blococked up and i it turns outt ththat part of the probl i i becae theyey a straighgh nonow,his is atent of ry rece invenon, if y like, inventnted by a scieiet hehere at imperirial, and, as i i hope you can see, it is acactuly a helelix. now, it t looks reallyly simpl, but this is s the product ofof 20 years r resrch and cent sdies inumans suggest

that thihisurviv b better in the body, iyoyou ke, it's ls lilike to ocock upnd faiai than a s standard stent. beauful piecof engininring. our circulatatory system e enas our blblood to reachch every on anand every liviving cell in our body,y, carryingng its vital s suppls of oxygen anand food. but itlslso alws oururlood to do somethg just aimimportt-- dend us. i'm going to try and dememonstre what hapappens when yoyour body is injured o or under tackck, usg a niniceharp neeeee which i'm m gonna scratch h myself with,h, and this m machine here,e, what it willll do is record the blood d flow, just beneath e e surfacof t t skin. at thehe moment it's's just looking sosort of blue,, whwhich suggeststs that nothig ve excititing is goingng on. scratch there.

ooh, i was a a bit enthusiaiastic there.. immediately you can start to see the reaction, therere is a huge e increase in b bloodlow toto tt area which is demonstrated thehe sort of arerea of red and o orange, and what you've got is a classic inflamammatory resesps mymylood is rurushing to the ararea under attttack. w, the body's s first retion to a infnfecti or ininju is to inincrease bloodod flo, bringing whihite bloodelells. a healththy adult has s about 4040 blion of f em. ththey're thfrfront-ne defefse foe of our immune system, nstantlyatattling invading microbes, su a as baeria, virus and fufung magnified 1,00timemes, the rger c cel here e my ownwn white bod c cel, swlowiwingittle e green alie.. but the immune sysm

isis more than just a a reacve defefensive force, a microspic c das army. it c do o mething mumuch me intetesting. to s sw you whwhat is capapablof i'm about toryry sometng at's a f fst for me. white wateter canoei. the thing about your iune e syst is it is notnly y ally good at respondnding danger,r, but t also at ticicipating dger, and i'm about to ge e it soththing rious toto think aboutut. uh, nonot really lookoking forward d to it. ( yelllls ) to activate the response i'm hopi to see, i need to o do somethingng that is streressful. oh, that's's cold! not jujust physicalllly stress, but mentallyly.

the aim to indu a t of s strs, but not actually get hurt. ooh! ( man laughing ( water gurgling ) and just o once. michael: immunolologist drdr. nalie ririddl, from university llllege london, takekes generous a amounts of my y blood. right, you'll probably ve t to pu quite a bit of pressure on thehere. - i willll, yeah. whirriring ) michael: while i u up, natalie trtracts the imimmune cells from my blooood samples. the cells that mobize duri the stress s response tend to have a more, kind of, aged chacteristicic so, generally, as people get older you see more of tse age cel---- you haveerery few of thehese "aged celells." - hurray!! - anand seem to hahave quite a young g imne systete - a young immune system. a young g immu systetem. - and that'sood,d, is it? - thisis is good. ( chuckleses ) ok, so whahat happened??

so here, we'e're looking a at cs caed a a natural kilillecell and ththese cells arare known to r respond duriring pchologogical stresss or physical l stress. this is your baseline, so we can see we've got quite a low level. hmm. right, ok. - that's not bad, doubli.. - asou canan s the peakak has gone up.. here? michael: now, that's impressive. ten n minutes of challenging canoeing wawas all it tooook to triggr a 5050% increase in the proporortion of natatural killer celllls in my bloodstream. mymy body clearlrly decided afr i'd d jumped in ththe cold war there was a good chanc i i woulget huhurt and primed my imnene syste for action. during stress response not onlys s your cardiovasculular system acactivd anand, uh, your r energy stors are mobililized so that you have the ergy to o cape so, yourmmune syem is mobilized it's very smar i isn'tt,

becae i, kinof, hadn't appciciated e e exnt to which itnticiciped threaea i meanan, it, kind o of, obvisly y notid that something odd was ing g on. - is going to happ.. - and, u it t kn, if you like, - yes. - th thehere was something odgoining on sot mobizedd ready to take on. it mobiliz r readypoised, jun casese ththere some e nd of inry andnduh, infection or invadadg organism. michael: well, 's's ry nicice be toldld that i've got younung imne sysyste but t i was reallyly impressed by the w way that my naturural killer cecells sprang into action so iredidiy rapidly,y, and it hasas to be rapidid because wewe are constanantly surroundnded by threatat our blooood moves surpsinglyly ft. the avererage cell does a roundnd trip from our h heart to o ourxtmitieses once every mine.e.

but this also anans that i if cut mysese blood cararadly pe. if nothing sppeded i i'd soone in serious trouble. a simple c cut, and a shshort while lalater up to fiveititers ofloodod woulhaveverained away. fortunately, our bieies contn some really sophisticated d mechanisms for making s sure that doeoesn't happen.n. as soon as blood leaves the body, something extraordinary happens. this is the fifth key property of our blood, and in many ways, the most impressive. soso this is a v vial of freshsh human bloodod. if i t take the top p off, anleavave it something intereining shld hapappe you may not see

a particularly impressive change, but ththis bod hahas been transfoformed. if i tilt it, nothing comes out. that is a real clot, the prododuct of a sereries of complicateted chemical r reacti. whwhat's happening inside the blood isis a minor marvel of evolulu. oking at the clot magnified 5,000 times, it is a thing eaeauty. you can prprobably see the red cecells and the whitite cells trapapped in a matatrix... and at the heart of it all is a very special cell. to find out rere, i'veomee to the william hvevey resech ininstitute in lonondon...

where yet re blood is taken to isolate t c cells i paicularlyly intestein---- the platelets. man: the great thing about platelets is they're almost that forgotten blood cell going g round all ththe time in the bacackground, prprobably don't't think about t them too mucuch, but should your blood ssel b bre, shouould you start b bleeding, they're gonnnna spring intnto action and d start to ocock uphat hohole and stop the bloodod coming out t your blood v vessel, so they'y're really imimportan. michaeael: to see them in actio, my samplple is set too flow through a tube that mimics a broken b blood vessel,l, just like a cut on our body. michaeael: hi the.e. woman: hello. michael: o thanknkou. what i'm looki att is t f fir steps t the cation n a clo theye rathereautiful, aren they?ittle e atelets. this ithe firstime i' seen the tinyells in tion. first,ndividuacells, those tiny green dots, start to stick.

never seen them activate like this before. they signal others to join in. within minutes, clumps of cells have stuck together, forming a clot. in our body, this press begins the instant we're c. on the arterial side you need it toe quick, because ththe blood' hihigh pssuree and everything's movg g fast, you neneedt to blolo up. in your circulatioyoyour bod goes roundnce e ery minute, so youwhole bld volu's ing rounevery minute, so the arterial dede nee to responduicklyly. yove got a bleedyou'u're going to bleedo dedeat.. all ththe nice clusters of platelets where ththey've all bebecome activatated, and wiwill block up p the hole. michael: magnified 10,000 times, the platelets look like spiky balls. when they activate, they grow these sticky fingers to cling together. but the platelets can'n't stem the blood d flow all byby themselves.s.

there's s another vitareactitioneeded to stop us bleedintoto death and with thehe help onene of the deadliest animals on earth, i should be able to show you this prorocessappening. ( hisses ) now, i've gogot some fshsh hum bloohere and i've al got some snanake venom, ththis is actualally from fer--lancece, which is a south american vir.r. ok, in we .. give i it a bit of a a swirl. within secondsththe venohass drastically y tered my blood. i i think that's's definitelyy becoming thihicker and mururer, i'm actually quite surprised that worked, it w was quite a s small amout of venom. let's see e what happensns if i pr itit in re. yoyou can see itit kind of comemes out, more in n sort of globobby bit that have kind of sodidified and d turned almosost into a jelly-lilike substancece.

just imagine how mh h damage that would do. the viper r venom is mimimickg whatat happens inside a cutut blood vessese. long strands of protein are forming, thickening the liquid. whwh we're cut, this same process works s to our advanan, crcreating a webeb for the platateletto stiticko. witht t this emergency reonsese weououldleed to death, ery timeme weave e a ttle cut. bubut there's momore to it thanan that. research by the milita d hers h hasointed towards unexpected healing propererties in blooo. michael:l: hi there! i don't often find mysyself in a kenensiton beauau clinic, but i i want to testst out a new trtreatment. i've come toave somelood taken. sometimes calllled the vampirire face-lift,t,

prp, platelelet-rich plplasmaherapypy, claimso acaccerate heaeang anreversrsthe signs s of aging first my blood itrtreated makeke aoncentrarated solution of platelets i in plasma. next, this is injected direrectlynto mymy fe. it's actually ryry satising,g, ist it, the idea that all you'reealllly dodoing is, you'u're not injeceg an alien drug or anythg,g, you're just taking your ownwn stu, spinning i it down, and d then sticking it back ininto you. the e power of blo. indeed, uhit's egagance, u knowow, d simplility becaususe it's the p power of your r own healing.g. michael: in theory, activated d platelets and grgrowth factorsrs will trr a healing reresponse in mymy s, smooththing out wrinines. why does this work, when what you'rere effectively y doing is just sticki blood back into my fac and prumably the artees in my fe arare doing thatat anyway?

wewell, o aspectcts. one, whenen you actually sqeze the plateleticich plas intnto th areaa it theheignites those plplatets to opepen, plus you also arststimulatg ththe ea by woundingt. - right, s so i'll get a a certn puffinesess, aertainin bising-- you will, you will. but that's p part of the t therapeutic p proces. indeed. - what would i expect s see in a w weekeks'r months' time? yoyou'll feel a a difference in thehe tone and tetexture of your skskin, um, hopefully it'lbebecome re likike baby's b b. ( michchael laughingng ) i i expect my facece is s still a bit i inflamed and blblchy as all t those enriched plalatele and plasma run aunund inside m my skin doing g their magic.c. i'm totold that willll go very quicickly, within two weeks i sululd see some i impvement,, and within a cououple of montht, appaparently my skskin is going t to feel like a baby's bottom. lookok forrd to o it

now, it's been a cole o of eks sisince had thplplatel-rich h plma jectctednto my face, and i i think my skikin is pers a little b bit smoother,r, thoh you'u'd have to hahave a look at t the "before"" and d "after" phototographs and make your own judgmement. call it wishful thinking, but perhaps there's a bit of improvement. the so-called vampire facial is part of a long tradition ascribing extraordinary healing powers to blood. for cecenturies, thehere have n grueme talales of bloodd being usused to cure t the sk and rejuvenanate the old.. a 16th cenentury hungaririan countetess, elizabeteth batho, believed by many toto be e most plific fema murderein history

is sd to have thed the blood of her sughter victims legendas it shped th the fresblood uld help h clg to h own fadg beauty. ese stories and gendnds inired one of the gat gothic novels of the 19th centy,y, bram stoker's dracula. ( lightning and thunder cras)) dracula: one drop of f your blod anand you're bououndo me. now,w, in the book, stokerer describes dracula drinki blood and becomingng transformeded from a litittle old mann with white h hair into a dark-haeded supeathletete. oddly enoughgh, these e dark fantasisies of youthfutrtransfortionon are actually basedn n a glimmemer scientitific truth. recent discoveries h have resurrecected some verery old s ababout blood'ss transforormative powerer.

ththe story begigins with two . now, this one is about a ar o old, ich mamakehim middle-ageged in mouse y year, whereaeas this ratheher more vigororous one overer hee is aboutut three monthths, sosomething of a a teenager. now, i in a series o of rather gruesosome experimenents donene in the 197070s, what they y did is they y unitd the twtwo dents susuically... sohahat thbloodd fromhe yououngouse ran rough the old mouse. and when ty y did at ey nototic, much tththeir rprisese th thehelder mouse beme much h re vigorous. nothing much becaca of thisesearch, and d itas discontinued. until l recently, ththat is. in the last decade, inteterest has s be reignitit.

i've come to geneva to meet a pioneer ininhis new fieleld of rejuvenatation researchch. now, the i idea has been arouound for a lonong time, why has there suddenly been this recent interest? it was really the idea of stem cells, that was w what first brghght thisdeaa of tracking things througugh the oodsdstrea this i idea of, sortrt of, can thinings transfer f from one to t the oer, and that ignited thholele ide but we didn't knowtetem cells existed ununtil pretty r recent. michael: stem cells are unique because they can become many diffeferent types of cec. ththis gives thehem the power o repair andnd maintain ouour bo. when we are youn oustem celells are very active. bubut as we agage, they g gradually switctcoff. lili human mememory, the memory of a mousese gets worse e th a. ( mouse squeueaking ) this is anan old mousese. only o one of these e hole. after 50ececondsf seararing,

it still hn't t foun ththe rit one.e. buwatctch at happens wh we ininoduce a use of theame age thatas been fused with yng blood amazingly,he treat mouse findits nest in jt 24 secds. when they oked at therains ofld mice tread with yng blood sa and hisolleaguesaw en morremarkabab changes. dr. villeda:a: this is whahat our neuronons look likee when they'y're getting o older. michael:l: thisbjbject, which h los a bit t ke a shriveled pean,, is a an elderly neururon in an n old brain. it has lost many of its connections to other cells. on the right, is a neuron from an old brain that has been givenn young blblood. it looks completely different. when you give young blood, you'll see that all of audden the shape of the celell body becomes mumuch more like a a pyramid, anand this is whwhere all the e neurons

are tatalking to thihis neuro, ththat's h comommunition o occu, learning a and memory. so sething about young bodod cacan actually c change the shape e of the neuroron its. michael: and at is very simimilar toto what a ung neuron wowould look likike. - exactly, almost identical. michael: something the young blood seems to be triggering stem cells into action, turning back the biological clock. it's a finding that's truly staggeringn its implicatio. have they done a studies in humans yet? as of right now, n b but the are e stting to o ve at leaeast some proooof of principiple clinical l tria, especiallyly with people that he eay y signs alzlzheim's. so i'mining up my so at t m momen to dodonate blood. can yoagagine thtimeme when peoeople will starart to, sort o of, buy blblood off younung people in ordrder to try and, y you kno reverse eir memories or things lilike tha or dyou think itit'll be something in the blolood or... i hope they don't do that. it feels like a logical extension ofyou know, capitalismsm, doesn't itit? my hopope is that, u uh, is tt we can identifify maybe

the minimum m amount of yououthful factorors and d the minimum m amount of agiging factors ththat we have t to lower, and i ththink that'll l be a ch betetter way, a much morore controlleded wa. it's quitete strange, , isn't , that you havave this mythoholy ound b blo and then suddenly it tnsns out ere isis sething b bind it? all through h time there's's bn something g attributed t to blo, and now, we're just lookiking at it from a different persctivive, from t the perspectitive of sencece. and we're acalally findining out th therere is something rereally unique abouout blood. michael: if saul and his colleagues are right, then ancient myths about blood had at their heart a truth. perhapaps there really is sethihing ibloodd that has the ability turn back time. blood is a hididden wonder of our body,y, an amazingng, complex liliqud working to kp p us heahy every cocond oour lilive

in recent weweeks, i'veve cerinly s see more of mymy own blood than ever before.. i've probed d its secretss and pushed i its limits. i'i've seen it a adapt with evy breath i i take, ever r al i e, every titime i facace danger. for me, the real power of blood is its ability to transform. and thisoints s toward fascscinating vevelopments in the future. duriringhe coue of making thisrogram, i've discocovered just whyhy blood is feared, reverered and mytholologized. i've also seen h i it can useded, used andndtudied, d i think we'd all aeeee withhe poeoet ethe, who said that "blood rllyy is a vy spececial juice"..

[strumguitar] ntnt to it t fomy fririd? man:yes, we'ldodo itor h him rl: ahah. [lauteter] sami: tnknk yo ririgh on. rlrl boy i is thcoununtrbluess lege f fromomoo, ssissisii. on the wkekends,eoplple ther in the bkykyard rl'l's housus the unfificialeetitinglace f f this sllll to's sicianan spoananeousams s gi birththo new, impvivised nes.s. a in the n,n, timgoeses bvery owowly dnkining er andnd jamming. rl: ♪ cacan i t [i[indtinct]t] i tolyoyou, sny..