>> welcome to live from paris. let's look at what is making headlines. the latest landmark ruling rejects china's claims from the disputed south china sea. the u.n. is calling on south sudan's neighbors to open their borders. in the capital.

david cameron shares his last cabinet meeting before turning it over to theresa may. we begin with breaking news out of italy, where least 10 people are dead and dozens have been injured. italian news reports that two passenger chains -- trains collided head-on. we -- they were traveling from carotid. fire trucks have reached the scene.

an international tribunal has ruled against claims to -- in the south china sea. to accept thes ruling. they said there was no evidence that china had control over the waters or resources. let's listen to what beijing had to say earlier. >> we don't recognize it and we will not accept it. to do withe nothing this illegal arbitration court case. not accept any document they provide, whatever they may be. >> the chinese government has said they reject the position.

what else have they been saying? >> they are rejecting it and calling it illegal, invalid, saying they will not accept it in any way, shape, or form. thus far, and are going to continue their condemnation and rejection. to see theoing chinese ramping up military prisons in the region? >> it is a strong possibility. >> the president, he has taken a

consolatory response. his administration has suggested the idea of bilateral talks with china. a looks like they are taking wait and see approach. >> ryne sandberg reporting from beijing. thank you. the case has been taken to the tribunal by the filipino government. let's listen to what manila had to say. >> the philippines welcomes the issuance today. respectippines affirms for this decision as an important contribution to ongoing efforts in addressing disputes in the south china sea.

>> how china responds to the ruling in the case filed by a u.s. ally, it means the philippines could trap the aurse of relations in dangerous hotspot. what do you think beijing is going to do? they have a few choices. it could choose to respect the rolling. not have said they will accept that. they have been clear on that. suggested that is the right course. there are other options.

china may choose to underline its rhetoric by taking military sea.n in the south china for example, by building a runway. that would be very aeschylus or a. that would create a situation in which the united states would have to respond because it is in an important location. there are a number of things china can do. it is a pretty wide range. >> do you think washington is interested in a standoff with beijing. >> washington is interested in maintaining liberal order.

whether that can be accomplished -- is preferable. i expect we will see a greater presence with the u.s. military and the south china sea to come. >> the filipino leader seems to be friendlier to beijing. could that defuse the situation? >> china would prefer the president announced this suit. if the philippines were to do

that, it would set a precedent that as china becomes powerful, it can force its neighbors not to seek redress through international law and set a bad precedent. it might reduce tensions momentarily. there would be more of these efforts from china in the future. these would be it's smaller neighbors and that would not be a positive outcome. if he can get a resolution that safeguards all small countries rights. >> we will have to leave it there. >> -- has opened fire. they are reporting at least two people are dead and several others have been injured. protesters or angry about the

interim authority in the region. 36,000 people in the south sudanese capital have fled fighting and are seeking shelter. the u.n. is calling on countries to open their borders to accept refugees. >> the refugee agency estimates 36,000 people have been displaced by the fighting. it is calling for countries to keep their borders open to people seeking asylum. refugee camps are expecting the arrival of more south sudanese citizens. hundreds of people were arriving here, fleeing hunger. tip the threatens to

country into a humanitarian crisis. clashes broke out. .he presidents the u.n. secretary general theed for a blockade on embargo. helicopters tock enforce our mandate to protect civilians. the leaders of cell sudan have failed their people. >> there are fears of a return to the civil war that arrested at the end of 2013.

in all, the civil war has displaced more than 2 million people. >> david cameron is cheering his last cabinet meeting as prime minister. he will be tendering his resignation to the queen on wednesday. wildly seen as a confident politician, she is about to inherent -- inherit a job riddled with problems. iamb honored and humbled to have been chosen by the conservative party to become its leader. >> among her challenges, uniting that sawative party people abandon the party leadership to back the leave

camp, not to mention the task of uniting a divided country. voters chose to leave the eu. she will have to convince them her heart is in it. after this, missing the prospect of an early general election. the pound took a hit following the referendum but rose on the news that may will be taking the helm. of brexit.e matter brexit.t means we are to make a success of it. there will be no attempt to remain inside the eu. on monday, more than 1000 lawyers came out to advise the

brexit vote is not legally binding. cutting concerns aside, she will have to negotiate a good deal outside of the block. >> in other news, more than 1000 people have attended a vigil to honor the attack by gun. u.s. president barack obama and george w. bush will attend a memorial service later. in the meantime, david brown has

said state laws allowing civilians to carry guns openly -- aesenting a glowing growing law enforcement challenge. movement lives matter has condemned the killing but should not stop the protest from happening. >> no protest against police brutality goes by without black lives matter being chanted. an activist rooted -- wrote a post ending with the line black lives matter. two black victims of police.

black americans have a three-time higher risk of being killed by police. the congress -- the confrontational approach towards authorities. when a gunman shot five police officers dead last week, some said the killings were the network's fault. those who seek to improve our country, i want you to know your voice is important. >> what they want to see is a

theer relationship between police and the community. >> the move had been expected after the european commission said both countries weren't taking effective action to bring their budgets down below 3% of gdp. many officials expect the find to be set at zero because of mitigating circumstances in both countries.

the banks have high levels of bad debt. the finance ministers discuss a problem at a meeting on monday. >> italian lenders have been trying to upload 360 billion euros worth of bad debt. leaders hope to use funds to recapitalize their banks. an alternative has failed to convince european ministers. >> it is not a new issue.

withll have to be dealt gradually. there will be no big solutions. crisis.t an acute he gives us time to sort these things out. i think we will get the results of the stress test that the supervisor has carried out. we should not speculate before we have the results. >> the monetary fund the says -- should be taken seriously. >> finance ministers are continuing their meetings. brexit will also be a topic of discussion. the european commission warns britain's economic growth could

be 2.5% lower next year as a result of the referendum. mosque of ec says brexit woodcut growth in the euro zone. >> the longer the uncertainty last, the costlier it will be for the economy. essential thatis we see the important acceleration of the change. we continue calling for a clarification of the situation as soon as possible. markets are getting some cheer. the pound is having its best day in two weeks. it is up over the dollar. it is still off the pre-referendum level. the stock markets are in good form.

it is likely hang on to the paris andrading today frankfurt shares are up. ikea is recalling 1.7 million pieces of furniture in china over it fears of toppling onto children. the chain had been work -- had been forced to recall a chest of drawers in the united states. elon musk has proved the power of a single tweet. he has cultivated and or a of a man with big ideas. he tweeted he was working on a top-secret tesla master plan, people got excited. rose.

investors are keen to see what elon musk has in store for them. >> thank you. it is time for the press release. >> time to take a look at what is making international headlines. we are starting across the channel with a new prime minister. the country's second female prime minister. >> her name invite all sorts of ponds and wordplay. day,e starting with may still covering what it is calling the political crisis. the metro, they're from page has another day of mayhem. they have been cataloguing the latest events in the post-brexit

saga. there was no vote by the party or the country to get her into power. the daily mirror reminds to chosenaway that she was by 0.004% of the electorate.

back in 2007, it says she reminded gordon brown, who came into power in the same way that he ought to hold an election because he did not have a mandate to rule at that stage. the daily telegraph has a , just a thumbs up where the rest of the leadership campaign potentials went out of that door. whoe were all of those voted who wanted to leave the eu , leaving only theresa may. the sun is the only paper not to have shown the smile of theresa may. the kitten heels that she likes to wear seem to be more important than her political credentials. we wonder if that is because of

her gender. >> i don't think we would be seeing a man's shoe on the front page of the papers. that speaks to our article talking about the tragic downfall of british media. that produced the bbc failed so spectacularly at journalism in the lead up to brexit. >> the tribunal ruling over territory and the south china see, the philippines are laming and has papers on both sides talking. >> in china, the official china tribunalls the invalid" several law professionals around the world.

it was initiated unilaterally by the philippines without the chinese saying that it could be. it quotes, some are american and they say the u.s. is behind the efforts to stir up the situation because it wants to get back to those military bases. lawa said this particular professor is not getting a fair stake. over to the philippines, where on daily inquirer focuses chinese aggression. it has a photo of the chinese coast guard firing water cannons fishermen. aside, it points to masterstroke who announced to

announced he was willing to discuss negotiations with china. that would anger washington, which had been egging on the philippines. there is a final cartoon from the inquirer that shows this is a battle not between the philippines and china, but a proxy war between china and the u.s.. >> this is a manuscript that was carried out of iraq in 2003 by the writer's daughter. tribethe story of a living by the river euphrates.

it was banned for sale.

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man: this is a production of china central television america. may: from clean water to a stable climate, the planet's ecosystems are under attack. but environmental pioneers around the globe are trying unique and innovative ways to save the earth. this week on "full frame," conversations with world- renowned experts who are fifinding sustainable ways to change the future of the planet. i'm may lee in los angeles. let's take it "full frame."

in the last 4 decades, marine life in our oceans have taken a very big hit. even so, overfishing continues. 90% of fish, like sharks, tuna, salmon, and countless others are being snatched from the ocean and put onto dinner plates far faster than they can reproduce. scientists believe climate change and pollution have also jeopardized oceans, putting one of our most valuable natural resources at risk. but all hope isn't lost. the world's best known oceanographer, sylvia earle, has dedicated her life to saving our oceans and goes above and beyond to educate and inspire the public. well, i had a chance to sit down with sylvia at the 2015 annual meeting of the clinton global initiative to discuss her decades of underwater discoveries and how we can all help to protect, restore, and preserve our oceans for generations to come. sylvia, first of all, it's such an honor to be speaking with

you, because you are truly a legend in your field of oceanography. i know that in interviews you've talked about how this curiosity started. and it was way back when you were growing in new jersey as a child. so, tell me about that moment in your life and why that led to what you do--what you do now. sylvia: well, people ask how did i get to be an explorer, how did i get to be a scientist. i say it's really easy. you start out as a child doing what children do--ask questions. who, what, why, where, when, how. they're irrepressible. it's just natural to many young things, but especially young humans. never lose it, whether you become a scientist or an explorer. i mean, everyone can have that as a core of observing carefully and reporting honestly what you see. and everyone should be

scscience savvy. everyone should be an explorer no matter what else you do with your life, because everyone can do it. it comes naturally. somewhere along the line, we tend to smother it. may: yeah. sylvia: but a few of us... may: that natural curiosity goes away as we get older sometimes, right? sylvia: and it's also a matter of wonder. may: uh-hmm. sylvia: everything about the natural world is--everything about being alive, t the factt that there is life, it's a miracle. may: yeah, yeah. sylvia: and children, to wake up with a sense of, "wow, isn't this amazing?" may: it's so true. sylvia: never lose that because it's still amazing. it continues to be. may: let's talk about missionon blue, because that's obviously a project that you started. and it really is about trying to save the oceans and trying to save these--preserve these hope spots, as you call them. tell me about what that is and what that's all about. sylvia: mission blue is

essentially a name for a movement, an idea to try to get people to know and care and do something positive about the natural world dominated by the ocean. whether it is high in the mountains or deep in the sea, it all is one part, allarart of thonone glious plat ththats our meme, oulifefe sport system. we have a tendency tbebe ver self-ctetered if f weule the rlrld. may: oh, yh.h. sylvia: '' finindi that t r extracti o of thnatural rldd to spoport o prorospity haha sts th we'renly now beginninto tru accountor. we see it in the air that has changed, in the water that has changed, in the composition of the natural living systems that have been altered through our actions largely, of course, throughout all of our history.

but with our new technologies, the last 200 years, and i have to say mostly the last 50 at an accelerating pace, as our numbers increase--it's not just the numbers game of more people, it's our power to alter, increasingly alter the nature--nature. and if you like to breathe, you'll listen up. may: and you've said many times, "no oceans, no us." sylvia: that's right. may: i mean, that's how connected we are. sylvia: it's the living ocean. it's not just rocks and water, sand, and all the beautiful natural physical structures. it's the living ocean. and the livinganand. it's phosynynthis. you owow, i's e abilily of green thingsn n the nd a andn the a,a, moly in the a that genera oxygen,ake uparbon. things that other creatures on earth are oblivious to this. humans have a gift of knowing and of understanding

what happens in a leaf? what happens in the water that makes earth a place that's suitable for us? i mean, we look at mars and say, "oh, beautiful red planet. let's go live there." but then you think about, "hmm. what are we going to eat? what are we going to breathe?" may: r right. sylvia: "how are we going to withstand the temperature ups and downs?" we need a living planet. so, protecting areas that are in great shape. the national geographic calls these places pristine seas. may: uh-hmm. sylvia: and there are places that still remain. about half the coral reefs inn the world are stilinin prey goodhapepe. may:k.k. sylvia: the d d newss, a abo half of emem hav be d destred. when iamame tohe c carbean a a partf f the ktitite ssion n 1970ththe res heherereulul of lif today, tho r reefsre g gon we need to look at pcess arou t the cstalal wers anan

in high asas, evywhehereto sayay we canestore t d dame. we can't go bk to whawas but we can make things better than they currently are. and there's plenty of evidence that works. when you stop killing things in a place... if we haven't destroyed all of their relatives along the surrounding area... may: which we have been doing, though. sylvia: there's a capacity to bring a better place into focus. may: andnd that's your life's work. you know, i watched the netflix documentary, "mission blue," same name. beautiful documentary, amazing story about your life, but there's a quote that you begin with which really struck me. you're swimming withth whale sharks, some of the most beautiful crcreatures on t planet. sylv: : biggt fifishn thee ocea may:igiggestn ththe ean. mean, , 's like a greyhound bubus ming a ayou, right? but you say eyey've b bee living he e for llioionsf years. we're ncocomersn ththei backya.. they'reomomplety ininnont off whatumumans . sylviaththat's s rit. may: and 's trurue.

you knowththey'rere jt livivi wherththey we memeanto be.e. sylvia: righ may: and y w we're c chaing their home. sylv: : yes. but the thing , , we'rere ao changingurur hom bececau we're s crereates, toto i meanitit toome a a wle too get that thrghgh my ad, , bu we need the ocean, a healthy functioning ocean, every bit as much as a whale shark. the coral reef or whatevever it is that we think of as being in the ocean, we aren't in the ocean but we need the ocean as the generator of the oxygen that we breathe. of this fabric of life that maintains the chemistry of a planet, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, things that humans have found words to describe the nature of what makes earth a planet that is suitable for us. may: right.

sylvia: and we now know that our lives dependnd on taking cae of the natural systems that make earth suitable for us in a universe of unfriendly options. may: yeah. sylvia: we can dream of mars, we can dream of setting up housekeeping somewhere else, but first, we have to make peace with earth. may: with our planet. right, right. do you think we are, though--or do you think the awareness is growing? are you seeing a sea change? for lack of a better phrase. that humans, that societies are finally getting that notion that we need to reverse this course? sylvia: plenty of reason for hope. i see it. it's partly because anyone can see it. just look around. if you're 10 years old, you can remember when the world was different, better in some ways than it is. and, of course, we have

benefited enormously from our investment in technology. our lives, our livelihoods, you know, generally speaking, people live longer and they live better. there is terrible poverty still and there are diseases that plague humankind, and wars. there are lots of things that are negative. but if you look overall where humanity was 100 years ago versus where humanity is today, we've come from two billion to--creeping up on 8 billion. and generally speaking, our level of quality of life iss better. but there's a cost, and now we are beginning to account for that cost. may: are we grasping the notion that we can't just keep taking? sylvia: i hope so. may: you know, as people, we just can't keep taking. sylvia: that's it. it's quality over quantity. but we can't cram an infinite

number of people into a planet of finite size, knowing that there's a cost to our prosperity to every individual, food, water, space, all of it. but we can take what we have and do a much better job armed with the technologies that we now have than we could 100 years' worth--let alone 1,000 years ago. we understand the value of nature. eating wild fish is not going to be an option for much longer because it's wildlife. we don't consume that many songbirds and eagles and owls from a--or wild creatures to sustain 7 billion people. a tiny fraction actually gains sustenance, necessity from wildlife, most of what feeds us. we have--we have learned over 10,000 years how to efficiently

harness sunlight's energy through plants to a small number of grazing animals, chickens, ducks, geese, cows, pigs, out of the thousands of birds and thousands of mammals and a handful of freshwater fish. we are actually feeding most of the world, most of the plants, mostly, most of the calories still come from where they should come from, the most efficient. sunlight, plants, eat the plants. or if we're going to eat animals, grow the animals efficiently. and we'rere getng b betr at doing that anit i is't t st the big agcucultur giaiant it's loining atommumunies, how most effectively a directctly, mmunitie f famils can sustain a large portion of what they need. may: and that must give you hope, that you see people becoming more aware. you see people caring more about the environment, about the ocean... sylvia: that's a health issue,

too. may: and health--yeah, health issues, too, because again, you know, we're limited--we have limited resources on this planet. are there things that still break your heart, ththough? because i'll admit, i look around and there's lot of things about the environment that breaks my heart. one of them is shark fishing, shark fin... sylvia: crazy. may: and, you know, china is a very big culprit of that. sylvia: this has--this has nothing to do with need, nothing at all. may: right. sylvia: this is not about sustenance, it's about luxury. may: that's right. sylvia: it's about an attitude. it's about being--it's about marketing. we've been sold the idea that it's an honor to be given something rare. well, shark fin soup is no longer rare, but sharks are becoming rare. and, ultimately, they'll be gone if we continue doing what we're doing. so, it's just this artificially induced taste. and it's not anything about real taste, it's about the, you know, the social... may: it's the idea. sylvia: yeah, the idea. may: yeah.

sylvia: the same thing has been true in the past with birds. feathers to adoryour hats. or furs, not because you need to stay warm but because it's the, you know, the chichi thing to do. you wear an animal skin. it sounds really primitive when you think about it. may: yeah. sylvia: dead animals adorning your body. well, it's an attitude. so, we need to do a much better job of speaking for nature, marketing, why keeping thing--the live fish is more beautiful than a dead fish, and more important, too. and they... may: in the wild. sylvia: in the wild, yeah. i mean, i think it's ok for people to have pets and to have aquaria as--you know, pet fish, if you will, but again, extracting from the wild can be a dangerous thing. you can deplete areas. but growing fish the way we grow our pets, cats and dogs and horses, there's a place for this, because as humans it's a

part of our psyche to love and give love to a cat or a dog or, of course, to other humans, but the affection that we bestow on cats, for example, the wildld cats are being destroyed. may: yeah. it's an irony, isn't it? sylvia: elephants are being destroyed because of the--we value not the living animal but something that is their fate. they have those wonderful big tusks and--again, it's a luxury, not a need. we should honor and respect these creatures for their own sake and honor them. mamay: sylvia, thank y you so mh for your t time. again, an honor to speak with you. we really appreciate it. sylvia: see you underwater. may: coming up, underwatater 3d farms that may help save our struggling oceceans.

according to the world wildlife fund, more than 85% of fisheries around the globe have been pushed to or beyond their natural limits because of overfishing. but as one commercial fisherman found out, just because there are fewer fish left to catch doesn't mean our oceans can't continue to feed us. former commercial fisherman turned innovator bren smith is dedicated to satisfying our cravings with sustainable shellfish and seaweed while simultaneously restoring the ocean's ecosystem. i met bren at the 2015 annual meeting of the clinton global initiative and he shared with me his creation of the world's first sustainable and affordable 3-dimensional ocean farm, a proven alternative for fishermen who can no longer depend on a declining catch from the sea. ok, bren. bren: uh-hmm.

may: what you're doing in fish--fishing, the industry of fishing is so revolutionary. you came from being a commercial fisherman to then becoming a sustainable fisherman. bren: yeah. may: how did that transition happen for you? bren: yeah. so, i was thinking of--i think of it as a journey of ecological redemption. so, i'm a high school dropout at the age of 14, grew up in newfoundland, canada, a little townwn of, you know, couple houses, fishing co-op. and at 14 i headed out to sea, and i fished all over the globe. i fished off the bering sea, in russia, in grand banks, georges bank, i really fish for everything. but the trouble was, as a kid i was just--the timing was--it was the height of industrialized fishing, so, we were just ripping up entire ecososystems, fishing inin illel waters. i've thrown tens of thousands of pounds of dead bycatch into the sea. you know, i love my job, and we didn't really know at that time, you know, as fishermen, but over--at some point, it was

just clear, it wasn't sustainable, mainly because the cod stocks crashed in newfoundland, in my home. so, then there was a whole generation of us. we were all younger and we decided to go on the search for sustainability. we w were ththe generation which believed in science. we were able to--and the scientists were telling us this was the beginning of the end. really important. and then to see in my hometown, overnight, people thrown out of work, boats beached, canneries shuttered, and just to see the sort of violence of that in a way, and the shock to the system was a really a wake-up call. and i think--and then we were also, you know, as a generation of wanting to innovate, right? and not wanting to just work on the big boats and the big factory trawlers but actually running our own boats, our own businesses, sort of--sort of search for that, you know, a self-direction. i think that was a big impulse. may: i mean, it sounds like sort of a reinvention, right? and you have to be willing to do that t as an entrepreneur.

brenen: yeah. may: so, you really actually pushed that to an extreme because you came up with an idea that nobody really had thought of... bren: yeah. may: 3d d ocean farming. bren: yeah. may: first of all, tell us what that even means. bren: sure. so, it's--imagine an underwater garden, so, it's vertical, and on the top, we have these floating long lines, and we're growing seaweeds like kelp and gracararia, sselels,callopop sters, all hanging d down. and the keisis--the arare couple benefs s to i one is it's s got veryry sll footprinbebecauswe''re usisi the whole teter comn, , anit has a low ststhetiimpapact which ismpmporta bececau our oceansrere the beaeautul, prisnene plas. you owow, ougoalal inot toto create ia a pig rms s atea, essentiall w whichas t thewhat happenedn n the ghtitiesike aquaculturand i wo----usedo work on the salmon fmsms as was ararchinforr sustainabili a and iwas s ju repeatg g the me m miskes inin differt ways. so, r model, very sml footint. athe sameime, it's ro input

so, we only grow species that require no fresh water, no animal feed, no fish feed, no fertilizer, and the--it makes it the most sustainable food on the planet. anand it's gonna be the m most affordable food on the planet someday because the price of moving water in the era of drought, the price of-f--using fertilizer, which is getting more and more expensive, land, we're running out of arable land. zezero inputut food is gonna be food not just for the elite restaurants but it's gonna be sort of the gorton's fish stick of the future. so--and then the other thing is our farms restore rather than deplete, so--it's not just not putting, you know, zero inputs but also our kelp soaks up 5 times more carbon than land-based plants, so, i think if our transforming the fishmemen in clilima farmeme wherththey c actctuay, notot only aptpt, buhelplp aress issues of clatate chge.. our oysts s soakp ninitren, which t the cse o of ad zones,ndnd thethe whol farms funconon as r artificialeeeef syems,s, s as

our coral res s and sterer reefdisappea we needew undationfor the ecystem to thre. so, now e best fhing in t whole aa is omy farm. ma wow. en: and think at'key. it's not just sustainable but going beyond sustainability to actually restore it and figure out new syststems for that. may: i was just gonna say it. so, you're almost rebuilding part of the e ocean and its ecosystem. you've been very frank in some of your talks about what we've done to this planet and d particularly the oceans. i mean, i think there--you--i'm gonna quote you, you said, "we screwed things up." bren: yeah. yeah. may: and you can't get more blunt than that. bren: yeah. may: but we really have, haven't we? bren: yeah. and, you know, i say that based on experience. this isn't theoretical. it--as shell fishermen and fishermen and now ocean farmers, we're on the front lines of climate change. acidification is--and water temperature increases is driving lobsters, for example, north out of the--in my hometown. it used to be a huge thriving industry. now you cannot find a lobster anywhere. acidification is weakening

oyster shells. one out of 4 marine species are expected to die in the--in the--going to extinction in the next hundred years. i mean, this is crisis time. and, so, you know, i'm not an environmentalist as a background, just confronted the environmental limits and crisis we're facing. may: do you see enough being done, you know, in your line of work, or is there still a resistance from traditional fishing--fishermen and industries... bren: yeah. may: are they still saying that or no, we're doing it fine? bren: yeah. i think there are a couple points of resistance. i mean, first i was getting laughed off the water when people started, you know, fishshermen found out i i was grgrowing plplants, you know, l, we chasese and hunt things for a living, right? may: right. brbren: i grew up clubbing seal, you know, like for real. may: oh, jeez. bren: but--and that's our background, but now i'm like an arugula farmer at sea. i will just say this thing which is the potential here is gigantic. there are 10,000 edible plants in the ocean. this is just the

beginning of an exploration of--imagine being a chef and having never seen arugula, tomatoes, kale, like being introduced to these new vegetables in such an exciting time but at the same time scary. but you asasked about some of the--somome of the stumbling blocks. so, i think fishermen wanna a stay the same course, many, but they're running out of fish. so, we had a meeting last year, and just a little local meeting, and 40 fishermemen showed up, and that was stunning, and it's mainly because their nets are coming up empty. i think there's resistance from the ocean conservation world who really wanna--which i really i believe in is great massive conservation zones and these are good things. the trouble is they don't confront the realities of climate change unless we have these engines of remediation and restoration which soak up carbon and deal with nitrogen but also feed the planet. the--we can set aside the

entire ocean and it's still gonna die. like, you need to incorporate this--these new crises we face, the climate change acidification. and i understand w where they a are, you know, in terms f fear of developing the oceans and their experience with aquaculture was so bad, as was minine, but we need to find this sweet spot between conservation and sort of restorative techniques, and what i see in the future is hundreds of small-scale ocean farms surrounded by conservation zones. the ocean farmers are the engines of restoration while we protect huge sloughs and... may: yeah. if it's replenishing the ocean,n, then it just make sense, so, it still has to make money... bern: yeah. may: it still has to be profitable... bren: yeah. may: and therefore sometimes businesses are willing to sacrifice... bren: yeah. may: the environment... bren: yeah. may: to make that extra buck. bren: yeah. . absolutely. may: so, is this a viable busisiness that people can, you know, profit off of... bren: yeah. may: as well as saving the planet? bren: yeah. so, i think we don't know yet... may: uh-hmm. bren: because sea vegetables,

especially, we can make some money on shellfish, you know, some of the products we're growing on the farm, but i think sea vegetables are the game changer betting those because we can grow such a high volume. you know, if you were to take a network of the farms totaling the size of washington state, you could feed the world, all right. we can grow an incredible amount of food and it's cheap to grow because i don't have to feed it, right? it's sort of a lazy job. all i have to do is go out once every two weeks and make sure my lines are a at the right height so it's getting the right level of light and nitrogen and things like that. so, i think--yeah. i think the possibility is huge. what we need to do is create value-added products. so, take this, we do a kelp noodle, for example. we have these noodle machines, and we cut it up, and you get kind of a fettuccine noodle and it--and it freezes very well because kelp freezes and thaws naturally in its environment, so, it stays al dente and it's a really sort of a successful dish h that we do in new york. may: i know you have kelp cocktails and kelp ice cream

and, you know, being of asian background, korean... bren: yeah. may:y: we eat seseafood... bren: oh, yeah. may: seaweeded all the time. and it's highly nutritious. bren: exactly. may: we make seaweed soup for prpregnant mothers... bren: exactly. yeah. may: because it's such good nutrition, so, it's almost like an image thing. bren: yes. may: people have to understand, you know, the taste of it and the...you know, what you can do with it, really. bren: and we're trying to de-sushify seaweed for american palates. may: right. bren: right, i mean, you know, places like noma in copenhagen are--the whole idea is to create a new indigenous diet based on what we're able to grow. everything is imported and imported food isn't--and it's a great thing, right? the trouble is we can't be shipping food hundreds, you know, thousands of miles and things like that and we need to grow it sustainable, so, we're trying to de-sushify it, so, we like kelp becauause it dodo't taste like seaweed... may: uh-hmm. bren: when it's cooked, it's a great entrance point. the other thing about these farms is it's not just food. love sea vegetables because we can turn it into biofuel.

we turn it into fertilizer. we turn it into animal feed. i mean, as animal feeds fast and if you feed cows majority kelp diet, there's a 90% reduction in methane output. may: oh, my gosh. wow. bren: and fish feed and animal feed are really unsustainable. it's all corn and soy or wild fish. may: right. bren: so, here we have plant serum, pellets, and we're feeding it to our protein, but we can do ocean-based biofuel and just not run into any of those problems. we also use it in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, so, they're at every point of the value chain or leftover pieces of kelp. it can go somewhere. we actually have farms just in polluted areas and all they do is soak up heavy metals, nitrogen. like in the bronx river here, it's--and then that goes into biofuel, so, we're actually, it's just remediation, stays out of the food system, but we can clean up our harbors with it. so, it's the--it's the--it's the versatility and all these possible avenues of income, which i think reduces

risk but it--and really makes it a powerful avenue. may: amazing versatility. i had no idea. bren: yeah. may: so, nature seemems to have the ananswer for everything, but we--like you said, we screwed it up. bren: yeah. yeah. may: but now you are trying to fix it. bren: yeah. and my-- i see--you know, my role is just to nurture and to figure out how to grow these good, beautiful things. and then, you know, make sure it's healthy, and just species selection is key, and, in some ways we're trying to not make all the mistakes that were made on land. stay away from monoculture. we wanna protect our sea base, so it's not privatized. we wanna make sure that leasing systems and land ownership give access from--for beginning farmers and new farmers. all these different elements. this is our chance to rethink it and do it right. may: yeah. and to think, like you said, you were 14 years old, dropped out of high school, and now you're here at cgi, about to receive an award from president clinton. bren: uh-hmm. lifefe is weird. may: go figure. bren: life is weird, yeah. may: could--did you even imagine that anything like this

would happen? bren: no, nothing. not for a minute. not for a minute, yeah. may: so, what's next for you, then? bren: well, so, we started a non-profit called greenwave, and greenwave's role is to replicate the farms, so, we have 8 new farms started and it's what--both on the east coast, then we're starting some on the west coast, and then build infrastructure, so, we have--we have a hatchery that we've built, and we're building a seafood hub. it's the country's first seafood hub which will do the processing, develop the value-added products, do the fertilizer, biofuels, kelp noodles. it's sort of an incubator space. and we trust spinning ouout of that will be all these entrepreneurial efforts of people--like, so, i had a kid, we worked with the bridgeport sound school, which is an inner-city school. i had a kid take my kelp and invent a 12-volt kelp-powered biodegradable battery. may: out of kelp? bren: yeah. may: wow. bren: : so, like, it's just, you know, like, i can't even imagine what people are gonna do and hopefully, i'll

disappear at some point and people will run with this and make the model better and just innovate, but, so, infrastructure, and then the third piece is market development. so, our farmers need stable markets to--as they grow. and so, we're working with a whole bunch of other institutions, google, and other places, to create a stable market for our farmers. i'll say that our farmer traiaining program is--what we offer is a grant for each farmer, about $1,000. they get free seed, they get free gear from patagonia, they get two years of consulting so that my team can pass on the mistakes that we made... may: right. bren: over 15 years so they can scale up very quickly, and then we promised to buy 80% of everything they grow. may: oh, wow. bren: so, the farmers just have a guarantee that they'llll be ok for 3, 4, 5 years, which should stabilize it, and will mean they'll be able to be successful. and then our support will fade but they'll be, you know, off and running. may: so, kind of low risk? to get into it?

bren: yeah. may: that's fantastic. bren: because farming is really, really hard. working with mother nature is wonderful and difficult. may: yeah. bren: and we need the farmers both to stabilize that risk and own more of the value chain. for generations, farmers and fishermen have been selling raw products and it's a beggar's game, quite honestly. like, the fishermen need to own and have the infrastructure to develop that. and so, we're also organized under a co-op model which is helpful because it allows us to share resources to pool our crops so we can--we can supply to big buyers and stuff like that. so, we're just--you know, there's so much we don't know... may: yeah. bren: and i think all of our work will be--look even--will--different in 5 years, but this is sort of how we're beginning to piece it together, and whatat we're tryig to do is build an industry from scratch. may: yeah. bren: in other countries, very often you'd take, let's say, the solar industry or actually the seaweed industry in asia, and it's subsidized by the

government, with the trust that you're gonna have all this economic activity that spins off, right? we don't do that very much in this country for good or bad. mamay: yeah. bren: what greenwave is trying to do is sort of replicate that. and so, we take a mix of private investment, foundation money, individual donors, and try to piece together to recreate that. we'll build a foundation with just the trust that it's gonna take off after that. may: but it makes sense, you know.. if you have ththat kind of cooperation from all sides... bren: yeah. may: then the better chance to be successful that way. brenen: exactly. exactly. may: and you're leading the way, bren, so congratulations on that. we look forward to hearing much more about what you're doing. bren: thank you so much. an honor to be here. may: yeah. thank you. from the demands on our oceans to the rapidly growing demand for renewable energy on land, more and more people are turning towards the sun as a safe, clean, and sustainable power source. in homes, solar panels can help save money on energy costs and help conserve the planet's resources. but some homeowners

resist solar energy because initial costs are high and the panels themselves are physically unappealing. however, some e collegiate designers from schools across the u.s. are trying to change that. they're competing in a nationwide contest to see who can build the most attractive, cost-effective, and solar-efficient home. "full frame" contributor sandra hughes takes a look at the competition. sandra: it's down to the wire for students competing in the u.s. department of energy's biennial solar decathlon. collegiate teams spent two years building solar-powered homes and then must reassemble them in just 9 days. woman: are you nervous? woman 2: we are nervous. we're excited, though, at the same time. we're just so excited that we built our house from the ground up. sandra: this year, the competition is in irvine, california.

each of the 14 solar homes are paid for by student fundraising. [crowd cheering]g] man: so, a team not only needs a good set of architects and engineers to design the house, but these are multi-disciplinary teams, and the best ones have a couple of business students, mba students maybe, to help them do fundraising. they have good communicators because they got to get their story out. man: ...bedroom. richard: they need interior decoration, they need landscape engineers. sandra: and of course, they need solar panels. richard: these are zero-net energy houses. they produce as much or more of the energy they need to run their house and an electric car with the solar systems that are on their house. sandra: the houses are small in size but big in innovation. take the home made from shipping containers. woman: we're using the shipping containers because of their transportability, their

stability, and the fact that they won't deform while we transport. sandra: but they're also pretty cool visually, which is one of the ways the houses are judged. the team that best combines affordability, consumer appeal, and superior design with optimal energy production and maximum energy efficiency is deemed the winner. richard: it is hard to choose a winner. they all got some great ideas, something to learn from. they're all beautiful certainly in my eyes, and--but the competition is set up to do point scoring, and although a winner wins, i mean, we always say, "everybody wins." sandra: the 14 decathlon homes are as unique as the students who built them, from the east coast to the west coast of the united states, to europe, to central america. the one standard they all hadd to try to aim for was a $250,000 budget.

which we found wasn't easy. man: we broke a little bit out of the $250,000 budget just to be able to implement some more interesting design as well as more interesting engineering systems throughout the homes. jenny: our house is just under 1,000 square foot, it's two bedrooms, one bath, and the cost is roughly around $300,000. sandra: a west coast team built a home for farm workers with a very unique cooling and heating system. man: the key is what we're calling night sky cooling. this utilizes a 1,500-gallon rainwater reservoir on the side of the home. we pump that through sprinklers onto the roof during the night, 7 hours a night, every night. by doing so, we take advantage of the unique atmosphere conditions of the western coast of america and we can chill that 1,500-gallon reservoir by up to 20 to 40 degrees.

by doing so, we've completely eliminated an air exchange system in this home. we've replaced it with a water-based radiant solution in our floor slab. sandra: an east coast team wanted to meet the needs of homeowners who could experience flooding like what happened after hurricane sandy. it's airtight when all the panels come down. a.j.: yeah, we designed it as a flood-proof prototype specifically for a 5-foot flood, uh, and we have various systems that can deploy and various construction methods that we've actually adopted from the marine boating industry that we've implemented into our architecture to help protect the home and have it stand the best chance to surviving the next 100-year storm we might face. sandra: but it's still a house built for coastal living. it is a beach house, you're sandy, you're dirty, you come in, and this is the bathroom that you come in to. a.j.: absolutely. sandra: and i find this really cool. what's going on in here? a.j.: so, we designed this kind of indoor/outdoor shower that

flows right off of our deck, so, you can come back after the beach, you're sandy, you can wash off. there's even a little foot-washing station down there. sandra: they even built cell phone charging stations into the kitchchen islanand. a.j.: so, we've actually integrated, um, into this countertop induction chargining, so, wireless charging capabilities, so, you can plop your phone down, phones that are capable to do it, and they'll just starting charging right away. sandra: despite all the cool technology and sustainability, none of the concepts are out of reach. richard: we call it sort of these are houses of the future that you can live in today. sandra: the wiwinner doesn't get money or a golold medal.l. [crowd cheering] just a trophy and the pride that comes from knowing they built something very, very special that can possibly someday help save the planet. for "fulull frame," this is sandra hughes in irvine, california. [crowd cheering]

may: coming up next, saving a nation from the devastating impact of global climate change. the remote, low-lying south pacific island nation of kiribati is facing a life or death situation. with few natural resources and poor infrastructure, it's plagued by rising sea levels, water contamination, and pollution. high tides partly due to climate change have destroyed homes and resources crucial to the island's livelihood. but one woman is determined to improve sustainability in order to save those who live on the island and their culture. pelenise alofa is a tireless activist who serves as the national coordinator of the kiribati climate action network. i spoke with pelenise at the 2015 clinton global initiative

about the human impact of climate change and how sustainability could help save this nation. pelenise, i think you are a powerful spokesperson when it comes to climate change because where you are from, kiribati, is dealing with it on a daily basis, isn''t it? pelenise: yes. we live with it. every day. may: tell me what that i is lik. what is lilife like on those islands dealing with climate change? pelenise: our islands are very--are very low. may: yeah. pelenise: like, the highest point is 3 meters above sea level, and they're very narrow, so, you have the lagoon on one side, you have the ocean on the other side, and when i say narrow, it may be like only 50 meters, and some will be just, you know, like, two meters. that's maybe the end of the islands, and then we are connected between islands to islands through the cross waves. that means they built not

bridges but, um, they build land, you know, to connect--or build a road between one island to another but, um, with--the sea level rises, i think one of our few challenges right now. may: right. right. pelenise: and people said, "but how do you measure the sea level when it's coming up? how do you make--do you see it coming up? you know, can you measure it?" and i said, "no, we cannot but we can. we measured the sea level rise by a destruction that it has on our coasts." you know, when the coconut trees are falling, when the pandanus trees are falling, you know... may: right. pelenise: one after another, or rows of coconut trees all fall, then we know the water has come up, you know, and it's coming up and in most islands, it has come up like 10, 20 meters inland, so, we would--you're losing land.

i found that a lot of things happen this year in february, and two weeks after that, we have the aftermath of the cyclone, pam. may: uh-hmm. pelenise: if you have heard of cyclone pam that hit vanuatu like really badly, you know, part of it came to kiribati and because it's a low island, it just washed up, you know, a lot of us. southernrn islands, um, a few islands, they just wash up everything. and... may: so, pelenise, how are you supposed to maintain any kind of normal lifestyle whenhihis continues to happen and the predictionons are it's going to get worse? it's gogoing to get worse. pelenise: yes. it's--the thing is when you come to kiribati, people are very contented and they're happy even though this climate change impacts. they continue to live a daily life and continue to adapt to whatever is happening, so, people say, "oh, we'll be ok." may: uh-hmm. pelenise: no problem. but our people are like--are just like that.

the whole pacific people, they are very peaceful and they just see this--there's a problem, they try to fix it there and continue to live, you know. may: but is it--but is it an issue that they don't have any other choice? they don't have anywhere else to go. pelenise: we don't... may: they don't have the means. pelenise: no, we do not have a place to go even though some countries have offered to help. may: uh-hmm. pelenise: like fiji, you know, but most people say, "no, we don't go." you know. our elders would say, "why do we have to go somewhere else? maybe you younger people move but for us, we just stay here. this is where we were born and we'll just stay here and die here."

man: and that's your house just over the seawall? may: i knonow for you, youou obviously are very driven and passionate about trying to make something change so that your lifestyle, your home can be preserved. and so you started the kiribati climate action network. pelenise: yes. may: t tell me about the misissn of this s group and wh i it is that you're trying to do exactly to try and solve this. pelenise: we're trying to build resilient people. first of all, we have to deal with our people. the center of our organization is people. we build resilient people so that they can continue to live and adapt on their own land. let's do whatever we can to

stay but if we have to go, at least in my country right now, we say we move with dignity. no one want to move as refugees. may: right. pelenise: that's the word. it's almost like a taboo word. you don't say it in kiribati. and that''s why if we're going to be refugees, no, no, i--we'd better not move. we just stay, you know. if they're going to accept us as climate citizens, you know, and give us citizenships straight away, then we're happy, but just to push us out, to move us and... may: and leave your home, yeah. pelenise: say, ok, these are the refugees to have come from kiribati. no, that's a very--for us, it's very degrading. may: right. pelenise: because there's no war in our country. we're not fighting anybody. you know, we are very peaceful, we are contented where we are but then we may have to move. that's why... may: but i have to wonder. does it make you angry that you're losing your country in ththis way that t you can't conl but it is the cause, it's a

man-made issue, climate change, you know, because of the greed, however you want to phrase it, because of greed, because of corporate greed, because people are being selfish and not caring for the planet, you may lose your home. pelenise: i'm angry, you're asking whether am i angry? you know, angry, maybe it's not the word i would use. it's just... may: frustrated maybe? pelenise: frustrated, disgusted with peoplple who cannot make decisisions. may: what do you think it's gonna take for them to l listen? pelenise: if it touches their life... may: right. pelenise: that's when they change, but if it doesn't touch their life and their own families, then they won't--they don't care. may: a and that's disappointing, isn't it? again, that's a sort of a selfish mentality. if i'm not affected by it....

pelenise: ...angry, yes. i've been--i think for many of us, we've been angry for so many years that we just forget it. we just continue to work because, you know, maybe somebody will come up that will listen. may: people hear these messages over and over again but do they actually take e action? pelenise: i wouldn't know how the action will be. a message is really to the political leaders, no? those who are making decisions and policies. may: i know you have to o remain hopeful. you have to, right?? you can't give up because this is your home you're talking about. but are you also really fearful? pelenise: we are reallyy uncertain and we are--maybe fear is--it's not a word i have. it's really just frustration right now because all we want

is somebody, one strong leader to come up and say and i am betting on america to do that because no one can do it. america is, you know, a superpower. whoever want to say i am, no. we know that america is a superpower right now and they're the ones who can finish it. i was happy to see that there were so many business people around here because the e other thing is, climate change also offers opportunities. it's not just insecurity, you know. it is an opportunity for us and for these people to work together in partnership and actually work together to create a better, you know, environment for everybody. may:y: right. pelenise, thank you so much for speaking to us about this because it's obviously an issue thatat affects you every day. pelenisese: thank you so much fr the invitation. may: thank you.

it's not all right, so, hopefully everybody will jump on that bandwagon. pelenise: thank you so much. may: thank you. we'll be right back with this week's "full frame close-up." could the earth be entering a mass extinction that could wipe out several species? well, some scientists say yes, and they say it's because of humankind. former national geographic photographer, author, ocean conservationist, and oscar-winning film director louie psihoyos believes the solution starts with us. in his latest documentary, "racing extinction," he exposes the issues surrounding endangered s species and mass extinction. "full frame" caught up with louie to find out how we need to change the way we live, eat, act, drive, and work in order to create a sustainable earth.

louie: my name is louie psihoyos and i'm in the save the world business. yeahi i stard ouout ing environmental photraraph

stl photraphy atational ograph. i loved working for them. it was, you know, i thought i had the best job in the world--you know, we've traveled around with--until i started becoming a filmmaker. ththe leap frorom still photogry to fililmmaking was primarily because i thought it was more interesting. you could--you could tell a more comomplicated story.. and i thought i was at t the, yu know, , near the top of my field doining what i did as a ststill photographer b but without word, without music, it's harderer to reach a lot t of people.

there's something that happens when you put the images up against these buildings. and atat st. peter's in the middle of the day, people are crying. it was just so beautiful. it was a very powerful event. you see the sea of cell phonones lighting u up. that's--it's extraordinary.y. pepeople wananna documenent it. they wananna sharere it. they''re crying, they''re lauaughing. they're,, you know, , they're excited. so, the films i make tend to make people e wanna feel. you have to do t that right off the bat. "t"the cove" ostensibly y is abt this one little tiny cove in japan where they herd up dolphins for the--capped the

dolpn trade anand slaughter the rest of them that they don't use. they take the boats around to the secret cove that nobody could see. they're afraiaid of cameras.. louie: with the next film, we really wanted to take on the biggest story in t the world and that's how, you know, we're causing--mankind is causing the sisixth mass extinctioion on the planet. man: what's happening now is unprecedented in earth's history. man 2: why wouould we wanna disrupt something g that took billions of years to evolve? louie: we e all wanna do good. we all wanna leaveve the world a little bit better r place, i think, either throrough your chchildren, or your work, or whatatever, but whenen you're trying to do massive social change, you need to hit that tipping point. when y you'rere talking about losing allll of nature, it's not a spectator sport anymore. everybody has to become active somemehow. if you can reach people, you can change them.

woman: we can make this happen. we need people to undersrstand it's worth doing. louie: mmissssiois to crte cial chae. ifou look "ththcove,"," "r"racing extincon," th're albuilt, th're a designe to basally be ke boocamp r ththe ul. i love the oceans. i alwaways wanted d to be an oceanogrgrapher. so, i moved the familyly down to antigua. we lived on the ocean and i was writing g a bo, , "hunting dinosaurs," and i drop the kids off. i go write f for 4 or 5 hourursi go pick them up, and then we go out in the water and dive and fish back then.

and it was idyllic. it was one of the best, you know, years of my life. i've been all around the world to some of the best dinosaur sites, digging up dinosaurs with some of the most famous paleontologists of our day. there's a dinosaur nameded after me. it's called baby louie. it was the biggest known dinosaur egg at the time. it was a friend of mine, charles mcgovern, who was, you know, basically preparing these things. one of them had broken open and they found an embryo, a fossilized embryo inside, and they don't know quite what kikid of a dinosaur it was but it was probably realllly vicious.

geologically speaking, we're rapidly destroying our life support system on the planet. and i'm not saying we're gonna run out of oxygen in our generation, but we're certainly making it harder and harder for everything else to survive. you know, we're trying to mitigate a disaster. man: [indistinct] right out there. louie: we can't rely on our kids to save the planet. may: well, that's it for this week. join the conversation with us on social media. we are cctv america on twitter, facebook, and youtube. and now you can watch "full frame" on our new mobile app available worldwide on any smartphone for free. get the latest news headlines and connect to us on facebook, twitter, youtube, and weibo.

search cctv america on your app store to download today. and of course, all of our interviews can still also be found online at cctv-america.com. and let us know what you'd like us to take "full frame next." simply email us at fullframe@cctv-america.com. until then, i'm may lee in los angeles. we'll see you next time.

>> was it a conscious deecision or a momentary lapse of reason? how did progress take priority over humankind? how could the desire for a modern way of life that threatens our future be considered a way of life? could it be we are connected to all things in the universe, not the center of it? that suburbs in los a angeles affect the melting ice caps of antarctica? deforestation in the congo affects the typhoons of japan? now we must face the insurmountable challenges for what they really are, opportunities to reinvent and redesign. "e2: the economies of being environmentally conscious."