announcer: welcome to "global 3000." this week we pay a visit to the south african coast to see the only penguins at home on the continent. but their numbers are dwindling. how can they be saved? in colombia, we meet motivated young people who want to develop innovative ideas to improve conditions in their country. but first, we take a closer look at a photo series. a swedish phototographer has captured arrrresting imamages depictining the lives of childrn fleeing war. all of our heads are filled with pictures.

images are a powerful force, we absorb their content 60,000 times faster than information conveyed in text. pictures appeal to our emotions. they can move us, make us laugh , or feel happy or sad, but they can also deceive us. images are easy to manipulate, a process that begins the moment a subject is chosen. elements can also then be removed, or added. but there are photographs that really reach out and grab the observer, precisely because they show things exactly as they are. children sleeping peacefully. refugee children from syria rarely sleep so well. and when night comes, terror stalks them. tamam is five. she is from homs. magnus wennman: her father told

us as soon as she lay down on the pillow, she started crying, because when she was laying down on the pillow, she remembered the sounds of the bombings. >> these children all had to flee their homes. now they rarely sleep in a proper bed. millions of syrian children have been displaced since the violence in their country began. swedish photographer magnus wennman has documented where children who have been forced to flee sleep. magnus wennman: i have a son my own. he's six years old. i put him to bed every night, so i know how important it is for him to feel safe, especially when he goes to sleep. it's a special moment, it's an intimate moment that i think most people can relate to. >> wennmnman works for the newspaper aftenbladet inin stockholm. he wanted to find a way to bring home to his audience the kind of life child refugees are forced

to live. he took photos in syria and in locations around europe for his project, entitled "where the children sleep." magnus wennman: they truly are the most innocent victims of this war. they have absolutely nothing to do with it. i want peoeople to see this. i wawant people to know the stories of these children. >> last autumn, hungary suddenly erected a barbed-wire fence alalong the border to serbia, closing g off the balkan route o the european union for refugees. these people arrived just a few hours too late. sham and his mother fell asleep right by the fence. this photo of lamar in a serbian forest won a world press photo award. nine-year-old fatima made it into the eu.

wennman met her at a refugee hostel in sweden. she made such an impression on him that he also made a film about her. in "fatima's drawings," she describes what she has been through and what haunts her at night. magnus wennman: she told me that they hadad been going on a shipo italy. and that trip was really, really dangerous, and she had seen a lot of terrible things. fatima: on the boat, there was a pregnant woman. when she gave birth, herer baby was dead. i saw two men throw it into the sea. i had never seen anything like that.

it was horrible. >> wennman's photos reveal how the violence at home and their perilous journey continue to trouble these children even at night. when magnus wennman's son saw the photos of the children who are his age, he asked why children should have to live like that. magnus wennman: i imagine it's really hard to see these images , and at the same time, say that you want to o close the borders. >> leaving borders open to refugees, thatat's alalso somhig the e members of seaea watch advocate. in late 201414, the organization decided they would no longer sit

on the sidelines and watch as thousands died trying to cross the mediterranean sea. for the past year, these lifesavers have been navigating the waters between libya and malta with two large ships and high speed patrol boats. what the teams experience on the open sea is impossible to forget. martin kolek: the light fefell n such a way that i could clearly see something small swimming under the water. it looked like a doll, the arms were stretchched out. it looked so peaceful. he wasn't right at the surface, but some way down. a little c child, much l lighter than the adultlts. as l light as a featather. i instinctively took him in my arms, as you would a small child. i held him and looked d at him. it was almost asas if he werere still alive. tiny fingers, beautiful eyes.

i felt a surge of sadness well up inside me. i had anan overwhelmining urge o scream and shout, it was so weird. in the mediterranean, this totourist region, , nobodyees aa baby sink into the water. i started to sing him a songng,a melody i know. because i could not yeyell. i thought, i cannonot howl in te presence of this child. ♪ frank dorner: we at sea watch released a photo of the dead baby in the arms of one of our rescuers. it w was not an easysy decision. it is not the kind of thing we wanted to do to attract attention. but these things happen every single day. it makes you want to explode and bang your fist on the table. you just w want things to chang,

so that it never happens again. martin kolek: it was a strange fefeeling. and then, i made the decision to look at every single individual. they are not just corpses. they are people who set off on a journey in order to survrve. and we got there too late. in fact, our entire culture has arrived too late. when these people sink into the depths, they never reeeemerge. anand therare thousands s down ere. frank k dorner: we are filling a gap. what we do is absolutely indispensible. many people's lives depend on it. we are not doingng this becausee really want to, but because it sisimply has to be donone. the fact is,s, it is not our responsibility, and we don'tt

want to be d doing it. we'd be happy not to have to. the gap we are filling has not -- the gap we are filling has been left there put intentionally.y. eurorope's popoliticians arare g to l let people suffffer harm ad die, because thehey thinink it l deter others from coming. martin kolek: first i felt pain, then rage. but i also knew in that moment that it would not make sense to be angry at anybody. we have to put all our energy into the task at hand. i i can save my y anger for tet. that incredible rage is still there. rage at the structures that make these people drown in the mediterranean. but i can't direct that immense fury against any individuals in particular. and as to the politicians, i would not necessarily say that they bear full responsibility. but they do have the duty to address the issue, and to revise their decisions.

>> the global shapers community is a worldwide collaboration of young adults whose aim it is to use their ideas to make our world a better place. suz is dedicated to helping children in her home country of myanamar. franklin, from panama, works together with young people to improve health care in his coununtry, and elaine from vieim wants to beaututify her hometown ho-chi-mininh city. and today, we introduce you to a global shaper from colombia. >> medellin's metro system is modern and efficient. the first line opened in 1995. these young people are visiting from all over south and central america to attend the conference of the global shapers initiative. they are interested in learning about how medellin managed to

modernise and upgrade its infrastructure. the metro links outlying neighbourhoods, or comunas, that were once the domain of drug lords, to the city center. vigilant staff help keep the public transit system safe and clean. camilo ruiz is one of the organizers of this special sightseeing trip. this is the first time the annual meeting of global shapers is being held in his home town. they are going to visit comuna trece, neighbourhood 13. built on a steep hillside that was once a slum, notorious for squalor, drugs, crime and brutal gangs. jeaneth perez holguin: there are many things that stay with you for life. such as losing family members, friends and neighbours in the

conflict we had here. i myself lost an uncncle, a coun and a brother. it is really rough. >> comuna 13 is changing fast. infrastructure investment is helping to revive the district and the entire city. kids can play outside without fearing for their lives. estebaban jaramillo: we want to make things better for society. there aren't just bad guys living in this neighbourhood, killers and dealers. there are people who hold down jobs, who work as cooks, actors, or dancers. they have a perspective and prospects, a way out of the violence. >> in 2011, escalators were inauguarated that connect comuna trece with the city below. there's a drop of more than 380 meters from the top to the bottom. it is hard for outsiders to

appreciate how bad things used to be. andres ramirez: try to imagine this without the escalator, or even proper steps, just dirt. well, that is how it was. people often had to carry their children on their backs to get to their homes up there on the hillside. >> global shapers learn from each other, their aim is to help drive social change and innovation. but not all activities are socially oriented or deal with urban planning. the conference is being held downtown. the participants come from all walks of life, law, business, the arts. they want to promote access to education and modern technology for all. latin america is the most unequal region in the world.

the municipality is continuing to invest inin comuna 13. and the local global shapers want to contribute to the transformation of their city. camilo ruiz: everyone keeps saying young people are the problem and not the solution. we have to realise that we are in fact the solution. and on top of that we always see , ourselves as the future. but we should actually see ourselves as the present. >> medellin has undergone an astounding turnaround, from the most dangerous city on earth to one that is more peaceful, more liveable, and more prosperous. but there is still a long way to go. >> our next report is part of our global ideas series. scientists estimate that 100 species disappear from thehe planet every day. we're interested in meeting people working to maintain biodiversity and nature

conservation. this time, we have traveled to south africa. our repoporter jurgen schneider went to ththe coast near stony point to speak with conservations there who are trying to prevent africa's only penguin species from dying out. reporter: these penguins are having a rest after a long day looking for food. they spend hours out in the ocean every day hunting fish, to feed themselves and their children waiting near the shore. the biggest colony of african penguins lives at the stony point nature reserve on the coast south of cape town.

it is home to about two and a half thousand breeding pairs. cuan mcgeorge is a marine ranger and looks after the colony. he works for capenature, the conservation authority for the western cape. cuan mcgeorge: at this locality, it's the only colony that is actually growing. most of the other of the 27 colonies penguin colonies on our , south african coastline, most of them are in decline and some of them are even extinct. reporter: he counts the penguins every week, and takes a look at the chicks and the nests. the species is endangered. every penguin counts. cuan mcgeorg: the species is struggling. the species, we call it a sentinel species, an indicator specie of how healthy our ocean is, basically looking at the biomass. if the biomass is poor, the

species is going to struggle. currently we are looking at 2%, 2.5% of the original stock of african penguins. we are down to, i think it is about 20,000 pairs, breeding pairs. reporter: a huge problem for the penguins is overfishing. they don't find enough to eat. many are killed by ingesting plastic rubbish, or by oil in the water. most colonies are on islands. stony point is only one of on two the african mainland. and they are both in coastal towns. penguins appear to like gardens. this one has set up home under a grill. leopards and other predators are evidently wary about entering developed areas. marine biologist dr. katrin ludynia and her colleague collect data about the health of the birds.

katrin ludynia: we tag the birds to get basically an id for each bird to see how long they survive. so we calculate survival of the species, because the species is decreasing dramatically, so the number are going down, and by seeing how often we're going to see the birds through the years, we can calculate what their survival rate is and what their chances are to survive in the wild. reporter: indirectly, tourism helps the penguins. visitors can take boat rides to dyer island. it used to be the biggest breeding ground for african penguins. in the 1970s, there were 25,000 breeding pairs here. but the population has shrunk dramatically. a long-term problem has been the harvesting of guano, the penguins used to make burrows in it. income from the boat trips helps fund a penguin and sea bird sanctuary at gansbaai on the mainland, with a rehabilitation centre for the injured and sick.

xulani lawo: he's got a seal bite wound. and then now we've just cleaned , the wound. so he's going to be with us for three weeks, and then we'll release him as soon as he recovers. now we are going to feed him. reporter: when he is fit again, he can go back home. penguins play an important role in the region's ecosystem. other sea birds often settle near their colonies. like these cormorants.

this interrelationship, interconnectivity. we find that the penguins are plunge diver who then coopt and hunt in packs to actually bring the food to the surface and allow the other seabirds to feed. this dependence is very important between all seabirds. if you lose the one, you lose the others. reporter: at stony point, the public can observe penguins up close, and learn about their life and the region's biodiversity. on the boardwawalk, humans can observe them without getting in the way. tourism needs to be carefully managed. tourist: i think with the correct education and information given to people, you know, if you go tourism -- it go -- ecotourism is balanced properly, yes, it will have a massive impact both positively

, but it can also have a negatiti impact asas well if not controlled properly. rereporter: out in the o ocean,e penguins are on their own, and are nearly impossible to protect. the fishing fleets are not concerned about the penguins' fate. if fish stocks continue to be depleted, the penguins will face starvation. cuan mcgeorge: it's only us as humans that can become part of the solution. we're the species that can make a choice. these guys don't have a choice. big sea, big swell, they must go out and go and forage for their daily bread basically, regardless of trawlers, plastic, debris in the water, the challenges faced with sharks and seals. these guys are dedicated to survive. so yes, there is always hope.

i think if we lose hope, we lose the essence of live. phphilippines to try a traditiol snack. it is considered a delicacy there. reporter: this is negros oriental province in the philippines. the country's colorful history is reflected in its cuisine. there are spanish, mexican, chinese, indian, japanese and american influences. fish and rice may be dietary staples, but we want to focus on something sweet. leliosa redira has been making and selling local specialities at her stall for more than 45 years.

leliosa redira: this little pastry is called shakoy. to make it, you need five ingredients, rice flour, eggs, lard, milk, and brown sugar. reporter: the 75-year-old prepares seven kilos of a dough daily to make these twisted doughnuts, as well as ananother philippine speciality. leliosa redira: these are called butchchees. they are filled with the meat of a young coconut and caramelised brown sugar. reporter: she leaves the dough to rise for an hour, then deepfries her shakoys and

butchees in coconut oil. after the excess oil has drained away, leliosa redira sprinkles them with sugar. leliosa redira: my shakoys and my butchees are the national delicacies. reporter: and what do her customers say? >> i i buy five or six a day. every day. reporter: ms. redira still has to make another batch for the afternoon. shakoys and butchees are a popular snack any time of day. >> ♪ tell you what you want really, really want >> ♪ i'll tell you what i really, really want ♪ >> ♪ i really, really, want someone to say aa ♪

reporter: what do girls really want? two decades have passed since the spice girls shot to fame with their hit wannabe. now the song has been reissued by project everyone to increase awareness of the united nation'' global goals. and gender equality is among them. >> ♪ i'll tell you what i really want, what i really, really want ♪ >> ♪ i really, really, really want ♪ reporter: the video has already been viewed on the internet over 1.4 million times. it also appeals to women and girls to share their wishes and hopes in the social networks using the # whatireallyreallywant. these will then be presented to the un general assembly in september. >> and that's all from global 3000 this week. we love hearing from you, so send us an email, or visit us on

facebook. we'll be back next week and hope you'll join us then. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] bq

♪ >> hello and welcome to "focus on europe." in today's show, we'll be examining why going from spain to portugal means, quite literally, a step back in time. more of that later. my name's damien mcguinness. great you could join us today. one of the big stories in europe and the moment is what's going on in turkey. since the failed coup, president recep tayyip erdogan has been clamping down heavily on dissent. this is creating tensions between critics and supporters of the government. tensions which are now reaching germany. tens of thousands of

german-turks have been demonstrating in cologne in support of erdogan's government, and against those who staged the coup. followers of the islamic guelen movement are accused of being behind it. they are bad people, says this man, and he wants them thrown out of germany. germany has the largest turkish diaspora in the world. and in the latest turkish elections, more than half of german-turks who voted, supported president erdogan. they are obviously worried by the recent attempt to overthrow the turkish government. there are also many critics of mr erdogan here, especially from the guelen movement, led by islamic preacher fethullah guelen, once an erdogan ally, but now a fierce critic in exile in the u.s. his followers say they are being intimidated. in some cases allegedly with the support and encouragement of some state-backed imams, who preach in germany, but are paid by ankara. >> stuttgart, just after friday

prayers. we canvas opinion outside the mosques in the southern german city. the mood is hostile -- people are angry with the german media and the gulen movement that allegedly masterminded the failed coup attempt against the turkish president. >> gulen's people are dirty people. terrorists. >> a few days earlier, erdogan supporters attacked a youth organization linked to the gulen movement in the city of gelsenkirchen. and companies owned by gulen supporters were daubed with the letters rte -- erdogan's initials. most of the mosque-goers support the turkish government. >> what happened in gelsenkirchen was a reflex. it was just a reflex and anyone who is at all patriotic reacted in this way. >> they're very dangerous, very bad people. they should all be kicked out. >> are thehe imams stoking the

tensnsions? this is a quote from a sermon: "a cououp attempt t was made vie hand of evil - -- internally and externally - and a pernicious organization." >> what organization is being referred to? >> the gulen movement, of course. everyone associated with it. >> do you think that this kind of preaching is acceptable? >> definitely. when asked the chairman of the mosque association refused to comment. >> switch off your camera or i won't say anything. >> the integration policy representative in chancellor merkel's conservative parliamentary group, cemile giousouf, is herself a muslim and d she's familiar with the sermon. >> that's not a religious sermon. it had a very political message. it's all very dangerous. sermons like that serve to widen the rifts between people, to increase t the enmity and distrust, rather than playing a reconciliatotory role.

>> and this is t the federation behind the mosquque: ditib the turkish h islamic unioion for religious afaffairs. it operates some 900 mosque associations across germany and is politically independent according to its rules. in a writttt statementnt, ditib told us that anyone accusing the organization of carrying out political smear campaigns was entangled in "fallacious anti-ditib propaganda" with "the -- ditib's imams are payrolled and sent to o germany by turke's religious authorities. >> in recent years, these associations havave fostered a a certain type of rhetoric, a certain type of attitude, that is symympatheticic to the tuishh gogovernmentndnd uncriticacal towards erdogan. people need to open their eyes and realize the work being done is not religious. itit's polilitical, at leleast n part.. >> on its homepepage ditib now , condemns " "bble-rousing slander and propensity to

violence." but we have seen several statements by ditib imams and associations calling for gulen supporters to be denounced and their businesses boycotted. and until just recently there was a sign hanging outside this mosque in the western germrm city of hagen,n, which read, "ot with the traitors to the fatherland" -- a clear reference to gulen supporters. the sign has now been removed. on the telephone, the chairman of the mosque tells us it was a "mistake". but was it really just a slip-up? let's return to the attack on the youth organization in gelsenkirchen. alleged gulen supporters were beaten up there after the failed coup attempt in turkey. eye-witnesses say the deputy imam of the ditib-run mosque was present. this man was also there when the attack took place. for years, he himself was on the ditib board. he says he's disappointed by y e man in the picture.

>> i i would have expepected hio saylads what you are doing , here isn't right, stop." but he just stood there and watched like most of the others, some of them were older men or came from otheasassociatioions, too. they just stood there and watched. they liked what they saw. >> we encounter the deputy imam at the mosque. but he doesn't want to talk to us. could this have been another slip-up -- just bad judgment on the part of the deputy imam? a tape recorded message sent by the mosque's chief imam to his congregation after the attack on the youth organization would seem to contradict that. >> i was very pleased to see that the offices of the parallel organization had been closed down and turkish flags hoisted. may allah reward you. >> the german integration commissioner is calling for a tough response and a ban on the

dispatch of turkish imams to germany. >> of course. it is absolutely unacceptable for an imam from turkey to praise his community for carrying out acts of violence. i would like to see this imam prohibited from entering germany again, and for us to make it quite clear that this is just not on. i think it''s already clclear to ditib that it's balancing on a precipice and d that it's abouto squander the trust i invested in it. >> ditib informed us in writing that it would carefully investigate the incidents and respond accordingly. >> next to ukraine, where the fragile ceasefire in the east of the country is looking more tenuous than ever. it's local people that are being hit hardest. the problem for ukraine though is that many people have lost faith the government in kiev: the oligarchs still have control.

and corruption is endemic. some believe the answer is nadia savchenko. a former soldier who until recently was held prisoner in moscow. she's battle-hardened. she's determined. and she's seen as a hero by many voters. but is she able to help lead the country politically? we've been to meet her to find out. >> a platform truck lifts nadiya savchenko to a mural with her portrait. artists in zaporizhia in southeastern ukraine painted it, adadding the opening lines of te national anthem. the fervent patriot enjoys this appearance. as so often,n, she singsgs the national anthem. we'llll hear her singng it again later ♪ >> savchenko is a first lilieutenantnt, the first womann ukraraine to complplete trainins a helicopterer gunner. she saw action in iraq. here is some footage from ukraine's military television.

when armed revolt against kiev broke out in eastern ukraine, savchenko volunteered for combat duty. moscow-backed separatists captured her, and she was brought before a russian court. international observers called it a show trial with fabricated charges. she was sentenced to 22-years in prison. at home, nadiya savchenko became a hero. this may, she was unexpectedly released. her return to kiev stirred emotions. she announced that she wanted to go into politics. she even set her sights on the presidency. >> to be able to change the powers of the presidency and the structures o of the country, to make laws useful to the people, and to battle corruption, one would have to become a dictator holding all the power. and later return the power to the people.

>> savchenko's flirtation with the idea of absolute power breaks taboos -- even in ukraine. relations between savchehenko ad president petro poroshenko were reserved from the beginning, even as he hononored her with te title "heroine of ukraine". her r popularity could threaten his own position. this picture by a ukrainian photogographer hanangs in savchenko's office. it echoes delacroix's famous painting "liberty leading the people". >> no, that's not me. they took a picture with a girl who looks similar to me. with the same t-shirt, the same trousers, and the same combat boots that i had on. >> savchenko sometimes seems to play with her role. she's often been compared to joan of arc and stylized as a legendary savior of the nation. at her first appearance before the ukrainian parliament, she appealed to patriotic feelings.

♪ >> some observers say she has the qualities to set new moral standards in politics -- but hardly to become president. >> she clearly has good intentions, but she's not familiar with the political process. her declarations are often confused and unclear. they muddy ukrainian politics instead of leading them in a clear direction. >> wherever she appears, people come to her with their worries and d problems. this man is complaining about arbitrary police action. savchenko promises to look into it. then, it is off to the next appointment. savchenko has called for more prisoner exchanges in the war in eastern ukraine. to this end, she wants to talk with the separatists, a

controversial stance in ukraine. >> politicians and pr managers are starting to cast aspersions on me, saying i did this and that wrong. and people are starting to believe them and to criticize me. but that's fine. i'm absolutely relaxed about it. i'm sure they'll also throw rocks at me in the f future. >> that sounds like a sense of foreboding. the defiant pilot knows her popularity could suddenly change into mistrust and rejection. in politics, especially ukrainian politics, that's common enough. >> whenever i'm in spain, i always get quite confused about when the shops open and close. that's because a lot of shopkeepers pull down the shutters during the day to go for an afternoon siesta. nowadays, big international firms tend to ditch the siesta, so that they're not out of step with people abroad. but in western spain people feel like they are permanently out of synch with their neighbors just over the other side of the border in portugal.

>> in spain, the clocks tick differently, as juan rivera knows only too well. rivera is a watchmaker in the galician town of tui, on the portuguese border. >> it's ten to two, and the sun hasn't even reached its zenitzh here. from the sun's position you'd think it was about 11:00 a.m. >> spain runs on central european time, despite lying far to the west. that means the sun is two to three hours behind the clock. many think spain should switch to the same time zone as britain or portugal, which are an hour behind central european time. that situation annoys watchmaker rivera. here in the far west of spain, the discrepancy between the official time and solar time is particularly great, and he needs to remember the one-hour time

pneighboring portugal if he is o avoiarriving l late for business appointments there. >> the time difference makes no sense here at the border. galicia is geographically in line with portugal. . we have to have the same time. it's nonsense for us here. >> but spain and portugal haven't always been in different time zones. joaquin alvarez is 92. as a young man living under the franco dictatorship, he remembers his country changing to central european time. that was in order to be in the same time zone as nazi germany. it was a purely political decision. >> the orders came from on h hih and you had to obey them.

you were put undnder a lot of pressure back then, if you opposed anything. it wasn't like today when you can talk about anything. so people were forced to adopt this time. and that was that. >> watchmaker rivera thinks it's high time for that decision from the franco era to be reversed. why should people still be setting their watches according to a whim of the fascists? it remains light hours after rivera shuts up shop in the evening. that's why he goes to bed late, like most spanish people. but he has to get up in the dark. the watchmaker believes the spanish are suffering from sleep deprivation because of the time zone problem. he envies the portuguese. they also dabbled with central

european time, but they decided to switch back 20 years ago. >> they changed the time zone because it's better for them that way. the portuguese are more confident than we are. more traditional. they're better in that respect. >> so is it time to follow in their footsteps? if the majority of spanish politicians have their way, spaniards could soon be turning back their clocks. no doubt, that would please their neighbors in portugal. >> if the spaniards change their clocks to our time, it must mean that portuguese time is advantageous. >> but rivera isn't holding g hs breath. he knows change is often slow in coming. >> only a few projects actually get implemented. and perhaps this will be one of them.

but because it isn't actually costing anyone any money, they'll probably leave it as it is. >> but the watchmaker knows that 76 years after the introduction of central european time, he and his countrymen will continue to lead their lives largely in accordance with the sun -- no matter what time zone they're in. >> cross a border, and then suddenly found yourself in a different time zone. but then that's the case in many parts of the world. drop me a line and let me know your experiences of this where you live. >> now the last time i was in armenia, the conflict in syria had just begun. and we talked to many refugees who had fled to armenia, ethnic armenians who had lived in syria for generations after having fled the armenian genocide a hundred years ago. today though, with the conflictt in syria worse than ever, their

ancestors are fleeing again. this time back to the armenian homeland. but some are finding themselves in yet another long-running conflict, between armenia and its neighbor azerbaijan over the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh. and some are even enlisted to fight. >> a rickety barrier in the mountains marks the boundary between armenia and nagorno-karabakh. the two flags hang here in harmony. but under international law, we are now in azerbaijan, which lost 17% of its territory when nagorno-karabach's armenian population declared itself independent in the early 1990s. azerbaijan still wants the enclave back. this destruction in the village of talish is new. early in the morning on april 2, azeri heavy artillery shelled the village, and residents fled. armenian forces later chased the azeris away, but the 500 villagers have not returned.

the farmer seriosha takes a look at his ruined farm every day. the first shells of the april attack landed here. two grad missiles hit his house. >> i was sleeping here. my wife and son, too. >> seriosha says the attack came without warning. his family and his neighbors fled in the cars that had escaped destruction. this was the second time that talish had been attacked. in the last full-scale war, in 1992, azeri troops burned his house to the ground, says seriosha. 3,000 armenians fled the area at that time. seriosha points to the hills around talish. in 1992, he says, azeri raiders sneaked into them at night and killed the sleeping residents. he doesn't t know whether his neighbors s will return now, but he intends to live here again once his house is restored. >> i don't want to leave this

soil. i was born here, like my father and grandfather. over there is our cemetery. >> talish is surrounded on three sides by azerbaijan. since the attack, a defensive wall has gone up. but there are people moving to the area for the first time. we're going to visit some refugees from syria. a foundation reportedly financed the construction of new houses in the village of ishkhanadzor for armenians whose families once fled to syria to escape turkish genocide and who have now fled the syrian civil war. they've been offered a house and low rent on fields. the agricultural co-op provides farm equipment. waik, from lebanon, and george, from aleppo in syria, wawant to start a new life here, waik's son interprets. they both volunteered for the nagorno-karabakh defense army and fought against the azeris.

arsen, the mayor, is happy to see e newcomers, likike radsh, o lost his farm and threshing machine in syria and now has to start all over. >> yes, many peope are coming now. >> they've fled the war in syria for an embattled conflict zone in the caucasus. here, at the mayor's house, they say fighting for their own land gives them an edge over invaders. all three say they had relatives who were victims of the armenian genocide. do they believe in a peaceful solution to the conflict with their muslim neighbors, with azerbaijan and its backer turkey? >> no. our wounds are still open after all the blood they spilled in the genocide. our wounds have not yet healed. >> the frontline is quiet. a ceasefire was agreed some weeks ago. but the calm is tense.

both sides are still buying modern weapons from russia. but there's also an agreement that could lead to peace. five occupied areas in nagorno-karabach would hold a plebiscite to determine which country to belong to. the question is how the opposing sides will use this opportunity. >> for many europeans, this is now holiday season. but the news over the last few months means that some of the usual tourist hotspots are deserted. particularly in turkey, where terror attacks and political unrest are putting tourists off. so many people are looking for more unusual destinations, such as the eastern european country of albania, which is by no means the drab post-communist state many in the west imagine >> just kilometers from the greek island of corfu lies the coastal resort of saranda in albania.

in the communist era, the town was out of bounds to foreign visitors. but the tourism sector has flourished over recent years. saranda isn't just popular with albanians and kosovans. several times a day, ferries dock, carrying daytrippers from corfu. at the moment, the beach resort is particularly popular with tourists from scandinavia and the united states. >> it's the first time. we have been to greece several times, turkey, and spain. this is the first time in albania. it is a new experience. >> ms. spent time here enjoying the cafes, restaurants, and the beach. >> and because saranda wants visitors to stay for more than a day, there are now ambitious plans, to build an airport, for example. >> we would like tourists to fly to saranda and make it their

base. they can visit greece from here. corfu, for example. because albania is a lot cheaper for foreign visitors. that's our strategic plan for tourism in saranda. >> but these plans have encouraged unscrupulous speculators. buildings have sprung up like mushrooms, often constructed without planning permission. the desire to make a quick buck from mass tourism has pushed the town to its limits. >> there are problems. there's no denying that. 12,000 people used to live in saranda. now there are morere than 55,00 the destruction of the townscape through this unregulated construction has damaged the town's reputation. >> and albania has another key problem it'll need to get under control quickly, if it doesn't want to put off holidaymakers, the lack of concern for the

environment. illegal trash dumps litter the countryside. but the urgency of the problem is now being recognized. more is being invested in waste management across the country. >> tests that we've just conducted show that our seawater is clean again. a sewage work has finally gone into operation, , which transpos the contaminated water into the hinterland where it is treated and purified. the last thing that the tourism planners want to see is further destruction of albania's natural environment, its prime attraction. >> looks idyllic. well that's it for this week's show. thanks for watching. remember you can always reach me on twitter, email, or facebook. but for now its good-bye for me. and look forward to seeing you next time. ♪

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[applause] wallace: [unclear] just a sec. i am, uh, exhausted by that introduction. i don't know about you. i didn't realize that all of that happened, uh, until just right now. [audience laughing] so, i'm gonna catch my b breath and, uh, i--i live in the santa cruz mountains with my parartner dana and our daughters grace and julia and wewe live on milill c. and we live with jaguars. we live with mountain lions. we are in a jaguar hot spot, the