narrator: coming up on a special edition of "21st century," on refugees and migration, the global picture: a shared responsibility. and from afghanistan, to leave or to stay. we live in a world where nearly 3434,000 people are forced to fe their homes every day.y.

narrator: drriven by confnflictd poverty, more than 55 million people globally were displaced by the end of 2015, the highest number in history. filippo g grandi: refugees are n international responsibility.. we need to tackle this all together. [boy crying] [man speaking in local language]

narrator: 22-year-old ada fled her home country in central america with her son brian, after gangs started to threaten her and demanded she pay a war tax. the country ada fled from cannot be named for her own protection. the region is among thehe most violent in the world.

narrator: ada decided to make the dangerous journey to mexico. narrator: alone, she begged for food during the day and hid in the bushes at night. in recent years, tens of thohousands havave fled the norh triangle of cecentral amererica, seeking asysylum from t the re's

rampant crime and gang v violen. filippo: these e high figures ae not just fiigures. behind each one of these 65 million people is a story of fear, of dispossession, of exile, and of hopelessness. we need not to forget that. and we need toto remember thatat, to draww m

that awareness that these are human beings with human stories. we need to drdraw from ththat awareness a renewed s sense that we need to tackle this all together, that n none of us is exempt from that responsibibili. suzana says that she will die from sorrow. monthshs ago she watched in horror as anti-government militia in burundi violently tore her family apart.

[interviewewer speaking lococal langnguage] narrator: the violent acts weren't solely attributed to anti-government militia. mamanase, a hospital pharmacist, was arrested by burunundi's pro-government forces. he still bears the scars of his torturous 3-month stayay in prisison. [shouting] [gunfire, whistle blowing] [indistinct shouting] filippppo: more than 2 270,000 people have fled to neighboring countries, , particularly tanzania, drc, and rwandada.

andd that flow hasn't ended because the internalal conflict in burundi continues to be the cause of internal and especially exteternal displacement. all t s to sasay that africa is and remains the theater of some of the largest refugee situations in the world. unfortunately, uhuh, it has not receivedd enouh attention. fufunding of our operations i in africa continues to be very lowow. it is importat that the same attention that this puts in trying to address politically other crises is exercised also in africa. because in the end, like everywhere else, you need to make peace to find a way forward for these millions of refugees in this place.

karen: i'm not sure how many years it will take to eliminate conflict. that will be a long time. i'm hopeful that we'll make some difference. it may not be a huge difference right away. we won't see a lot of difference coming quickly, but we can at t least set the grounds forr people ththinking about refugees and migrants in a different way, accepting them more easily and readily.

narrator: on the greek island of samos, volunteers like gabi are helping refugees who arrive onon shore near their home a afr fleeing conflilicts abroad. man: slow! slowow! [indistinct] man: mark!

karen: we talk about their neediding safety and dignitity, and they need to have a journey that's safe, they need to arrive somewhere and be welcomed, rather than resisted, yoyou kno, and pusheded back. but they also need to have what we're calling inclusion. as soon as they get somewhere, they need to know not just that they're welcome, but thehey can begin n to learn the language, they can be offered aa job, they c can be offered se skills training or a scholarship. that's the kind off thing we're trying to mobilize. narrator: in sao paulo, brazil, talal l and his family have foun this inclusion thanks to the country's open door policy. talal's family fled syria to lebanon in 2013. but he wanted to seek morere opportutunities abroad. determimined to avoid

a dangererous sea crosossing, tl found another way--brazil's humanitarian visa program for syrian refugees. narrator: o oe ththey arrived,, talal raised money through crowdfdfunding to start a new bubusiness. brazilians doonated 20,000 u.s. dollars to their cause. his wife hazan now cooks for their thriving catering business, offering up syrian dishes. with more help, talal is already at work setting up his new restaurant..

filippo: 7 or 8 countries host more than half the refugees in the world. and likewise, 7 or 8 countries provide more than half of t the funding to hp the refugegees that are displac. this is n not a sustainable situation, especially y with the problem bebecoming so big and complex. remember, refufugees ae not just the responsibilility of a few receiving countries or of a few donors. it is a very collective responsibility.

if you read the refugee convention, its preamble, which was written 65 years ago, thatat preamble, like the whole convention, still very, very-- is very valid, and it says refugees are an international responsibility. narrator: kabul, afghanistan. people forced to make the most diffificult dececision of theirr lives. narrarator: peoplple make thehe agononizing decision to stay put

and risk death and to migrate and risk everyrything. helena: [laughing] ok.

[coonversation in lolocal lalan]

[wahid speaking local language] [cat meowing] girl: yeow. wahid: yeoeow. yeow. [indistinct] yeow.

[rana speaking]

[music] [inndistinct c chatter]

it's 7:00 p.m. on a tuesday here in japan. i'm james tengan. welcome to nhk "newsline." torrential rainfall is causing landslides and floods as a powerful storm makes its way toward eastern japan. one person is missing and at least 36 have been injured. weather officials are continuing to warn of heavy downpours as it heads towards tokyo.