genie: this is "france 24." time for 60 minutes live around the world. i am genie godula. these are today's top stories. house speaker paul ryan tells fellow republicans he will no longer defend or campaign for donald trump, the party presidential nominee. haiti is in desperate need of clean water, food, and medical supplies in the wake of hurricane matthew. the u.n. says close to 1.5 million people are in desperate need as fears over cholera grow.

stops all production of galaxy note 7 smartphones. telling customers to stop using them over safety concerns. we will talk to a technical specialist shortly to find out how worried owners of other samsung phones should be. in business, we will take a look at the hit this is having on samsung shares. first, our top story, live from paris. in the u.s., hillary clinton had her biggest campaign rally yet on monday. the former secretary of state drew a record crowd of more than 10,000 supporters in ohio. she is also up to 11 points

ahead of donald trump since the video dropped friday showing trump making vulgar comments about women. in another blow to the republican nominee, the top member of his own party openly distanced himself from trump, saying he would no longer defend .im or campaign for him instead, house speaker paul ryan says he is going to focus on protecting the republican majority of the house. despite and misogynist tape scandal and hillary clinton rising in the polls, presidential candidate donald trump was showing no signs of discouragement at a rally on monday. mr. trump: we have 28 days. november 8 is the big day. we are going to get out and win. i am going to make 3, 4, 5 stops a day. i may be limping across that finish line, but we are going to get across. latest scandal is proving one too many for house speaker paul ryan. after a 2005 tape surfaced last

friday showing trump making lewd comments about women, ryan told he would nott defend the presidential candidate. todid not go so far as withdraw support. instead, he will focus on protecting the republican party's congressional majorities. in response, trump lashed out at ryan, saying he should spend more time balancing the budget, immigration,gal rather than fighting the republican nominee. ryan's move distancing himself from trump could signal that the republican party has already lost the presidential election and now wants to work on maintaining the majority in congress. ryan joins a growing list of republicans who have disavowed trump third among them, condoleezza rice, alabama governor robert bentley, and john mccain. move: that extraordinary

from house speaker paul ryan monday came after the second presidential debate in st. louis, missouri area that is not far from the town of ferguson, missouri, site of the fatal police shooting two years ago and a major protest that followed. philip crowther went to ferguson to see how people there are following the campaign. city ofthis is the ferguson, a 10 minute drive from st. louis, where the presidential debates took place yesterday. this place was not mentioned in the debate by either of the candidates, despite the fact that two years ago violent riots took place after the killing of an unarmed black teenager, michael brown, by a white police officer. maybe surprisingly, people here tell me they did not watch the debate and that they have largely already made up their minds. >> i just basically feel like donald trump is not a good

candidate at all. he does not know the struggles of everyday life, living like we do. what has he really been through that we have been through? how can he actually relate? he is ae him because businessman who knows how to make money, and he will balance the books between us and the democrats, get something good going for us. the common folk. philip: a lot of people here and around the country tell me they are pretty fed up with this ugly presidential election of the year 2016. but many here also say they have not registered to vote yet and are not even sure whether they will. there is a clear lack of enthusiasm and also a fear of what might lie ahead. there is one presidential debate still to come. that is in las vegas next wednesday.

based on what we saw in st. louis here last night, things could get uglier still between donald trump and hillary clinton. genie: that is philip crowther in ferguson, missouri. haiti is suffering from the lack of clean water, food, and medical supplies in the wake of hurricane matthew. says 1.5 million people are in desperate need as new cases of cholera are on the rise. with the nation's infrastructure badly damaged, even getting aid to those who need it is daunting, as brian quinn explains. jeremy,n the town of 20,000 houses are heavily damaged, 66,000 completely destroyed. --ds washed away or coupled or covered in rubble. it is very bad. we have no water, we have no food.

brian: aid is finally beginning to arrive on the peninsula. u.s. military helicopters began landing in jeremy on monday with boxes of usaid supplies, following two days of delivery to the capital, port-au-prince. blockades by starving locals make distribution a major challenge. >> we have no means of communication, no telephone, no this explains a massive delay. i understand the frustration. >> on the southern coast, residence in a temporary shelter desperate for relief welcomed the arrival of aid trucks from the world food program, that they say it is not enough. >> the authorities have brought us some things, but the men stop us from getting our share. we cannot take anymore. there is no place for us to go, no place to sleep. for $120ent call

million has been made, to cover humanitarian needs in haiti for the next three months. genie: hurricane matthew was the worst storm to hit the caribbean in almost a decade. it hit the southeastern united states as well. over 700,000 homes and businesses were without power there, particularly in north carolina. people are in particular danger of a high risk of flooding this week from overflowing rivers. thousands of homes have been damaged already. hurricane matthew is known to have at least 23 -- two have left at least 23 people dead, nearly half of them in north carolina. colombian- rebels have agreed to revive effort, after one manuel santos is trying to recover from the shock projection of the much larger farc rebels.

onhas staked his presidency ending a half-century of bloody combat in the country. elnal peace talks with the are due to begin later this month in ecuador. in afghanistan, at least 14 people were killed as television attacked.ban fighters that coordinated attack in lashkar gah occurred on monday. they have stepped up attacks in the country in recent months, putting even more pressure on afghan forces that are stretched to the limit. for more on the situation there, the spring in our course -- let's bring in our correspondent. what do we know about the attack lashkar ga.

>> at least 20 people have been killed in yesterday's attack, which was killed that -- which was carried out in an armored vehicle. at least 14 other people were injured. most of those killed and injured policeown afghan local commanders who are known for their fighting skills against the taliban. they were brought as areas fell to the taliban. it is a huge blow. we also understand that at least 15 policemen were killed and 22 injured after afghan forces abandoned their positions in police district 4, not very far from the city of last car guy -- gah.shkar we understand that police have seized armored humvees and

weapons. those details are coming to us from police officials in lashkar gah who are complaining that there at least 10 commanders, that there is no one command. the police chief is doing his own thing. the former militia commander and a member of parliament set by the president -- sent by the president is also on the ground. there is a lot of confusion and there are a lot of complaints when it comes to the issue of coordination between the various afghan national security agencies. severalhere have been major attacks by the taliban and months. how strong is the taliban's foothold in afghanistan right now? bilal: if you look at the situation just today, the taliban are almost trying to get into fire city in western afghanistan. city of lashkar gah has been surrounded for well over several

weeks. another province further down has also been surrounded by the taliban. secure thes are not army convoys have been attacked. it is hardly a secret that the taliban have control of territory. that also means more recruitment ground for the taliban in a place like where i was last week. the taliban are announcing to people, if you come to us and you capture or sees anything from vehicles to weapons, that is yours. goes tods of the prize you. so they are incentivizing battlefield roles, and afghan soldiers are tired. they have not had leave for quite some time. genie: thank you for that. allung has stopped production of its much-hyped galaxy note 7.

the share price for the world's top smartphone maker is in freefall after a recall and reports of replacement foams bursting into flames. samsung is telling customers who have the phone to stop using it. for more on what is happening exactly with the samsung galaxy note 7, donaldson again is in london. thank you for taking the time tuesday with us. how is it possible that a smart phone can explode? donald: that is a very good question. because of the manufacturers -- theuch energy as -- batteries within smartphones are incredibly energy dense. incrediblyen in an catastrophic way. everybody surprised

that this has happened to samsung. they have a reputation of being a very reliable and high performance product. genie: samsung has told galaxy 7 owners not to use their phones. isn't that a bit dramatic? auldn't someone know when smart phone is about to explode? what are the signs? onal: from what i understand of they arery failures, under too high of a pressure. and because of an internal short, this causes the temperature of the battery to rise. when the battery temperature rises, the high-density energy causes more heat which causes a fire. genie: for the moment, we're healing -- we are hearing about this problem with galaxy note 7. ,ut many people are concerned

people who have samsung phones like this one. should owners of other samsung phones be worried? i believe it is device specific. any consumers, i would have no standards -- ety genie: thank you very much for that. we are going to talk a bit more now about samsung on the business angle. what more can you tell us? >> we have to keep in mind what this means, 2.5 million devices already recalled. that is a huge cost to business,

especially because that replacement novel is also starting -- that replacement model is started to burn up. brian quinn explains the cost of that decision. brian: melting down in the company's global halt on sales of the galaxy note 7. shares had their largest one-day drop in eight years on tuesday, wiping up the equivalent of over $13 billion in market value. in mobile phone stores, new notes are now on display. these ones on paper, informing customers that the phones are not for sale. >> i was going to buy this product. it was a flagship model that represented samsung, but i am very disappointed with this low quality. brian: samsung has told owners not to use the phones while it investigates reports as it catching fire. or exploding. it was already part of a 2.5 million unit recall in september when customers reported original units catching fire when charging.

a defect has been found in the replacement models as well. multiple air safety regulators have now banned its use on flights. days ago, the colony was predicting a third-quarter profit of over six $.5 billion come even with the initial recall. this new disaster could end up costing upwards of $10 billion. even worse, a be the long-term impact that even worse may be the long-term impact on the brand. >> i would not want my phone to blow up in my hand, right? i will probably get an iphone. sarkozy coveney issued a statement that it would withdraw the galaxy note 7 from the market permanently. genie: we know samsung shares are not doing well. how is the rest of the market doing? fernande: shares are looking better than they were in asia. by three percentage points per luxury goods are doing well.

oil is trading slightly down from a year high yesterday after russian president putin said he supported limiting oil trading at around $53 a barrel a short while ago. the pound is down for a fourth consecutive day against the dollar. currency analysts are revising their long-term predictions. they are not offering any clarity on how they plan to cooperate with the european union on brexit. that's take a look at other business stories. part of the brexit fallout, rush upon btb bank has become the first to publicly say it will move its european headquarters out of the uk "the financial times" said it will be between frankfurt, paris, indiana. -- frankfurt, paris, and the end of.

the closure of falcon private has been announced over a legend money-laundering failings. -- anti-money laundering failings. ubs was fined a total of $1.7 million and has apologized. and the company that claimed it was able to run tests on a few drops of blood is being sued. a san francisco-based hedge fund -- the american biotech startup is being investigated by u.s. authorities, and its founder has been barred from the industry. fernande, just to wrap up, there is a new coin in britain. over something that have a 950 years ago. fernande: it is the battle of hastings, which took place in

1056. the coin shows king harold with an arrow through design. -- with an arrow through his eye . ,enie: thank you so much without look at today plus business news. it is now time for the press review. it is time to take a look at what the papers have been saying, with our very own florence villeminot. the new highflying deal between turkey and russia after a few months of not getting along. flo: it seems like the days between -- of the diplomatic fallout between moscow and turkey are gone. erdogan, all smiles with vladimir putin.

the huge project is getting a lot of attention. a lot of papers are saying maybe this is politically motivated. as we take a look at the lebanese paper, they are talking about the fact that vladimir putin is moving his chest pieces forward in the region, and they see this deal with turkey as just one more move from the russian president. genie: the moves comes that the move comes as russia's tensions with the west on the increase. ao: they are talking about breakdown. quite a dramatic front page. you can see secretary of state john kerry and sergei lavrov quite literally turning their backs toward each other. it says that relations have taken a sharp turn for the worse between russia and the west. remember, this weekend russia vetoed a french-drafted u.n. security council resolution demanding an immediate end to city ofes in the syrian aleppo.

this has been seen as a major slap in the face to french diplomacy. it is a huge story today in the french paper. take a look at the front page. that camehis nyet from russia really sparked outrage in france. like stsarat it is war, a play on words. "how can we stop vladimir putin ," they say. genie: many people are focusing on the situation in ethiopia, where the government has announced a six month state of emergency. flo: this is a huge story on the state of if yoga. -- on the state of ethiopia. the prime minister announcing there that the governor has just accused foreign funded gangs of stirring up a protest movement in ethiopia. in particular, gangs from egypt

and eritrea, two rival countries. is kind of classic for an authoritarian government to blame foreigners for upsetting the peace at home. this article says authorities are essentially panicking in the face of this growing antigovernment movement, really seeming to take root in the country. they are talking about a growing paranoia in the capital. genie: just a word on u.s. politics. the papers are continuing to react to the debate on sunday between donald trump and hillary clinton, particularly on more comments made by donald trump about the videotape that dropped last week. the debate, trump tried to downplay what came out in that video. he was quoted writing about abusing women. he said, "no, that was just locker room banter." this has upset a lot of people. there's an interesting article in "the new york times."

it reports on the fact that millions of women have been sharing their own experiences online using the #notok. this movement started before the debate but picked up speed after donald trump made those locker room comments. the result has been a collective nationwide purge of often painful, often buried memories. you read more about it in "the new york times." a lot of athletes are upset about the locker room comments as well. there is an article in "the guardian" that focuses on the fact that athletes are saying, "we work in locker rooms and there." ot how we talk one tweet in particular by a football player, chris connelly -- he says the guys i know and respect do not talk like that. they talk about girls in the locker room, but they do not period.e that,

donald trump is known for making controversial comments about women. a paper-based in london really sums up the situation. you can see donald trump versus a woman here, the title there says, and it seems like the woman there is winning in an arm wrestling match. genie: thank you for watching "france 24." you can always check out our website. the website is france24.com. fall, is beautiful in the and while it is completely normal now for people to appreciate the autumn with long walks in the woods, it was not always that way. find out just how the art world helped that change, on the way. >> france in focus, presented by

tom burges watson. years.50 following in the footsteps of the architects of that invasion of england, william the conqueror. the first place to the restingplace, the manager medically changed the course of european his -- the man who dramatically changed the course of european history. >> "france in focus," on "france 24." connection," presented by florence villeminot. >> they are known to buy their cuisine and saying hello with a kiss. they'd work 45 hours a week when they are not on strike, that is. every week, florence villeminot -- join us for insight into french culture and current events to understand what makes

the french so unique. on"french connections," "france 24" and france24.com.

announcer: this is a production of china central television america. lelee: we live in a world of extremes. on one end, prosperity abounds. on the other, millions live in extreme poverty. why is that? why is eradicating extreme global poverty such a daunting challenge for everyone from powerful governments to ngos? maybe it takes a little more ingenuity. this week on "full frame," conversations with change makers who are taking innovative, new approaches in the fight to eradicate global poverty. i'm may lee in los angeles. let's take it "full frame."

well, astonishing, new estimates from the world bank revealed that 702 million people today live i in extreme global povere, meaning that they live on less than a 1.90usd a day. eugene cho is the founder of one day's wages. cho invites everyone to simply give just one day of their wages to the less fortunate living in areas like sub-saharan africa and southeast asia. thanks to his efforts and supporteters, the organization s engaged in neaearly 90 projectsn more than 30 countries and raised in excess of f $3.5 milln since 2009. eugene is also an author and recently released his first book "overrated: are we more in love with the idea of changing the world than actually changing the world?" joining us to tell us more about

his work around the world and how you, too, can participate in the one day's wages movement is eugene cho. eugene, welcome to "full frame." cho: thank you so much. it's a joy to be here. lee: thank you. oh, it's great to have you here, and i can't wait to talk about all that you're up to. well, first of all, i got to ask you. how did you guys come up-- you and your wife decided to come up with this concept of giving away one day's wages. where did that come from? cho: it's a great question. um, i was on a trip, um, many years ago, and i was in a country called burma, otherwise known as myanmar... lee: yup. cho: and we're in the jungles there, and i was there to do some research, uh, personal research because i've always cared about issues of injustice and poverty and such, and i visited this makeshift village in mnmnmar, d i i waed intnta clasoom ther abobo 15 tablbles and airs, mashift assroom. there s thiseaten-do chaloard in ont of thi classrm, and was dra to th chalkboarbecause ere

waa poster was a clage of photos, and it was a pho--a group of photos of men, women, and children with missing, bloody body parts... lee: mm. cho: and i was terrified because this is a classroom that was designed for first to fifth graders... lee: yeah. cho: and i later learned that the reason why they had these photos were to teach these kids about the dangers of landmines... lee: mm. cho: and it was sometime later that day when i found out that the salaries of teachers was $40 a year... lee: a year? cho: uh, not per day, not per week, not per month. lee: wow, wow, wow, so you were totally inspired by that one-- one experience. cho: absolutely. lee: well, you went beyond that, though, didn't you? you decided to give up a year's salary... cho: yes. lee: uh, so you really committed yourselves, and, i mean-- ok. let's--let's, you know, be--be honest. your annual salary at that point was $68,000... cho: yup. lee: right, but an entire year's

salary, what did you have to do to make that commitment? because--come on, eugene--not a lot of folks would do that. cho: you know, it's--it's-- it's--i--i chuckle a bit because if i'm, you know, perfectly honest, that wasn't the plan. lee: really? ok. cho: it--it wasn't the idea. lee: ok. cho: you know, we spent some time talking about doing something, and i thought doing something may have been, um, writing a blog post about it, hosting a little house party for friends and tell them about the experience, but it was out of that time of really conversing and praying that we had this conviction about starting this organization, but i think we're living in such skeptical and cynical times among people... lee: mm. cho: in regards to everything, including the work of nonprofits, that i thought it was going to be important for us. we can't ask people to do something we'rere not willing to do ourselves. lee: mm. cho: now, that journey took us 3 years. uh, my wife minhee--god bless her--she was on board with this vision.

now she was convicted. for me, it took me about 3 years to come to t terms with giving p a year's wages, and i know that, you know, as a pastor, i'm not supposed to say these kinds of things, but i--i like my stuff. lee: right. cho: uh, we have 3 kids that keep eating constantly. lee: yeah. yeah. let's not forget you had 3 small children at the time. cho: that's right... lee: yeah. cho: so it was really difficult, and i think if, you know, i knew how difficult that 3-year journey was going to be... lee: mm. cho: i don't think we would've done it initially... lee: yeah. cho: you know, but along the way, we just found enough hope and encouragement and insp-- inspiration among our families to say, "let's keep moving forward. let's honor--" excuse me. "let's honor these convictions." lee: and, uh, to make that goal of $68,000, you were short $10,000... cho: yes. lee: so you actually had to lease your house... cho: yes. lee: and move out... cho: yes. lee: to be able to meet that

goal. cho: yes. again, not what we planned. it wasn't part of the excel sheets. um, you know, the funny part about this story--and i say funny, but during that time, it was probably some of the--one of the most stupidest decisions that i could have made-- lee: really? cho: i put up an ad on craigslist in a moment of desperation because we were short $10,000. we had committed to starting the organization by october 2009, and we're running out of time. i put an ad on craigslist basically saying, um, "would you be interested in renting a furnished home--$10,000 for two months?" and i did it because, "a," i was bored; "b," i was desperate; and, "c," i thought to myself, "who would be dumb enough to pay $10,000 for our home for two months?" but i did this without asking my wife. lee: uh-oh. cho: yes, so you can imagine how, uh, she reacted, and she happens to be a marriage therapist. lee: oh, no. she's like, "what are you thinking?" cho: she uses this as an example

of what not to do, as well, and a bus-- lee: and you got a taker immediately, didn't you? cho: we did. a businessperson from the uk came in, saw it on a wednesday, loved it... lee: oh, man. cho: but--but his--his--his one caveat was, "i need to move in by friday," so this was wednesday and friday, and so we had a very interesting, my wife and i, a very interesting, intense conversation on a wednesday night. lee: that's probably putting it mildly, isn't it? cho: very mildly. lee: yes. ok. ha ha ha! cho: but, i mean, she--this was her vision, as well. it was our vision,n, but it wasa really difficult night, that wednesday night, i remember, because we invited our kids into our bedroom, and we explained to them what we were going to do, that we were going to go on a--on a 10-week "field trip" as a family, and, uh, i remember crying that night, uh, because this is not what i had signed up for and i felt like a deadbeat father, i had failed my family in some ways. lee: mm. wow. ok, but obviously, they were on board because they

sort of had to be, but this was the commitment you made... cho: that's right. lee: and here's the thing. i think when it comes to charity and wanting to give, this is what you talk about in this book that we're going to talk about in a second, is that it seems like people want to do something, but they don't want to leave their comfort zone. they don't want to give up things that they're used to, so what was that like for you? what was thahat journey like for you that, you know, others might say, "uh-uh, not for me?" cho: yeah. that's a--a great summation. i mean, that really does capture that season of our life. um, you know, that book that you--that i wrote, it's really a confession. um, it's not a how-to book. it's not a "we're on top of the world. we got it all together." it's really a broken confession of what we experienced, and part of that confession is, like a lot of people, i have good intentions. i want to do lots of good things. um, uh, i want to be a philanthropist.

i want to make the world a better place to live for my children, for others, as well, but i think for--for many of us, we somehow get confronted by obstacles and challenges, discomfort... lee: yep. cho: and as a result, we tend to revert back to that which is comfortable for us, and that was the big lesson for us, and in some ways, you know, we set out to start one day's wages to "change the world," and i know that's a cliche phrase, but there's a lot of people that have that idealism. we want to to change the world. what i did not know is how much this experience would change us. i mean, it revolutionized our lives in many ways, gave us a perspective of so many things, deepened our family, our marriage. i think our empathy for people locally, globally, around the world really deepened, so it wasn't just an idea. we were, um, really embodying those very things. lee: and i think you touch on something that a lot of people talk about once they do commit

to something charitable or volunteering or even something as simple as going to a soup kitchen for one day. they realize that--that they themselves are getting so much more out of it than what they thought they were giving... cho: that's right. lee: right, so--so the change has to come from within, but also, you experienced the change, although you're thinking you're changing the world at the same time. cho: that's right. that's right. it's really a--a mutual--there's a reciprocity to this... lee: yeah. cho: and so when people say, "why should we do this?" well, clearly, there is need in our neighborhoods, in our cities around the world, and we have to keep highlighting those things... lee: right. cho: but i think what's not talked about enough is, maybe we need healing and changing. we need maturing and growing. it helps us to be more human. lee: right, right. well, there's so many distractions in the world now, aren't there... cho: oh. lee: um, and it's--it's making us a little bit more selfish, possibly, and sort of inward instead of looking around... cho: that's right. lee: and seeing what reality is really about.

cho: mm-hmm. lee: yeah.h. yeah. let me--uh, we have a piece of tape on sosome of the work thats done in myanmar, all right, so let's just take a look at that clip, and then you can tell me what's ining onver r the. cho: y.. lee:ll right man: renently,e trtraved witit our partnerst t mia d woworl concn n to s somome viagesesn myanmar inououthea asisia. the's tragic iny h her war r is erywhwher yet v vy little of i is cln anand fe to drink. we spoke wh h one m naname sens m moh. occasionallyshshe is ae e to b safe, clean wateinin jug butut usually, she can't fordrd i so sensen h h and r two daugers scooupup dir watater and drink it. it gives thedidiarrh, paratetes, a it t cod threreen their ryry liv. lee: i mn,n, thiis t thearsh realitof life myanm for so my, so thwork tt you are ing thugh youruh, organition, whatwhat diffence areou making er

there? cho: well, we were spending some time in a region called irrawaddy delta or delta irrawaddy, and this was the region that was devastated by cyclone nargis in 2008. i mean, we're talking about approximately 125,000 people dying in this region. we visited communities where they lost 80% to 90% of their entire village. lee: wow. cho: it was really heartbreaking speaking with wives and husbands and children who lost loved ones, and out of this, um, i will first say that it was amazing to see how people were rising up on their own... lee: mm. cho: uh, deep hope and courage, innovation, um, so it wasn't like we came in and saved the day. we had the privilege to come alongside and say-- they're doing such amazing work and to have the privilege to come alongside, to hear their stories, hear their hopes for their villages, their children, again, it was so inspiring, so

we're partnering with an organization. they're called world concern, so we help raise resources, share stories, come along with local partners, and it was focused around water... lee: mm. cho: and there's 4 areas of water that we were focusing on. one is just simply education around water and sanitation, and the second one is, how do we repair waterelells tt wewere once built, peapaps, botheher developmenororganitionons even by llllagerbut t th are broken.. lee: yeah. o: and tn the otheone is touh, builwater ra catchmts to ta advanta of thfact thathere's rain ming dn and to pserve at ra, um, anthe la one is buillatrinesagain,ecause ter and sanitation has to always go together... lee: right. cho: and so we were working with 7 communities, impacting thousands of people, and so it's been, uh, such an encouraging thing to, again, be a part of what these villagers were already doing. if-- lee: that's so nice to hear that

they were already lifting themselves up in such a tragic situation. cho: well, i think that's the key that we have to tell people because sometimes what's tempting is, we make it, in our desire to glamorize a story, that it's the western saviors coming in, and it's really not. lee: yeah. cho: you know, we have to really be careful about the stories that we tell... lee: right. cho: and there are heroes on the ground.. these myanmar villagers are doing amamazing things. lee: and--and that's what i love about the work that groups like yours does--do because it's em--empowering the people there, the local people there, instead of, like you're saying, you know, the western world being the knight in shining armor type of thing. cho: yes. yes. lee: yeah. um, let's talk about the donors, right? so since you started this, the response has been pretty incredible, hasn't it, from all walks of life, and in some very creative ways, people are donanating... cho: yes. lee: their wages or at least donating funds, right? cho: yes.

lee: tell me about some of the most unusual or creative. cho: yeah. i mean, i'm smiling because it really does warm my heart. i mean, these stories are crazy, and--no. one day's wages, our strength is that we're an open source, uh, foundation, that we try to tell people whatever that--whatever excites you, whatever intrigues you, any gifts or talents, so certainly there's people that are donating a day's of their wages. lee: ok. cho: we had someone donate half of their wages to us, but in terms of some of the interesting creative ideas, right now, you know, there's 3 brothers in a small town in minnesota in the united states. they built what i believe to be a 34-feet octopus, a snow monument... lee: oh, wow. cho: and it was such an innovative idea that it was recently featured on "nbc nightly news"... lee: ok. cho: and they raised so far $15,000 from neighbors and passerbys. lee: just as a, like, admission

or something? cho: no, just people who-- lee: oh, just donating. cho: who heard that these brothers are doing this because they want to raise awareness for one day's wages and one of our water projects, as well... lee: wow. cho: so $15,000 there. uh, we've had, uh, couples donate their weddings, saying, "hey, we don't need, um toasters." i mean, i think people are saying, "we would like them, but we're choosing a more generous path," and so we've had numerous couples from all around the world give up their weddings. lee: amazing. cho: um, what else? we had students in the uk, in taiwan, uh, in the united states host races and 5k races. a team of, uh, women and men have climbed up mount rainier in seattle for several years, have raised over $30,000... lee: wow. cho: and one of my favorite story is, a 16-year-old high-school student who bicycled around--or across the united states and raised over $10,000

for one day.y. lee: 16-year-old? cho: 16-arar-oldigh-scho student. lee: w. . we, and d i ow there's s anotr ststorwhere e womaactually donated her hai aved heread... cho: yes. lee: and datated h haiair. cho: y. . yes. i don'know if r hairas made out of gold or what, but when she shared this idea with us, i honestly said, "ok. do what you need to do," but s s ended up raising over $12,000. lee: no kidding. that's amazing. cho: yes. may, you have a nice hair. lee: oh, ok. sta--stand--stand back there, eugene. don't get so excited. no, but it tells you that--how creative people can be and also how willing, uh, they are to make some sacrifices, you know? just the little sacrifices goes a long way. um, there--you said something, though, that struck me, um, and you said that you think that, uh, we may be among the most overrated generation in human history... cho: yes. lee: right? what did you mean by that? cho: well, it's certainlnly a, um--a blunt statement...

lee: it is. yeah. cho: you know, and i've gotten some pushback from--from folks. you know, , i think k it's simpo acknowledge two things-- one, i mean, we are living in extraordinary times, of extraordinary resources... lee: yup. cho: and, you know, for us, for me, for you, for us, particularly in the western world, it's not necessarily a bad thing, but i think we have to simply acknowledge the fact that we're living in such affluent times where we have so much resources. a lot of folks don't want to acknowledge it because we're constantly being reminded we want more or need more--i mean, that's, in a sense, the whole seed of materialism--but the second thing is that we're also living in times where so many people feel empowered or drawn or compelled to do something-- lots of ideas, good intentions-- but we stop when it gets difficult... lee: yeah. cho: and so it's kind of merging of those t two ideas that we ned to pursue ideas and convictions and causes that we really care

about and not simply like it on facebook, tweet something out... lee: that's right... cho: or whatever it might be. lee: and that's what happens. we're--you are bombarded with images and stories of all of these causes all over the world because of social media... cho: yup. lee: but then it does--there's a disconnect in terms of, "oh, i'll read about it," but that's kind of where it ends. right. cho:o: in some ways, it's a call to go deeper... lee: yeah. cho: that we can be so surface. see, there's a--a terminology that's been used recently called slacktivist. you know, we want to be activists, but we're kind of lackadaisical... lee: i've never heard that. it's funny. cho: and so they call much of this generation slacktivist. now, i think it's a little unfair. i think the jury's still out. lee: yeah. cho: i think, you know, the subtitle to my book, it should be pushed back on, but i think it's a question we have to ask ourselves. lee: mm. i'm curious. uh, you immigrated with your family when you we're 6 from korea... cho: mm-hmm. lee: and me also being korean and of--of a korean immigrants. did something about that

experience, you know, was--is that part--in your dna that that made you into who you are and wanting to do more to give back? cho: absolutely. lee: yeah. cho: you know, i came here when i was 6, and, i mean--you know this--as an immigrant, it was hard. it was traumatic. lee: yeah. cho: came here and--and 3 or 4 days after, was in first grade in a public school system, um, experienced the feelings of being marginalized, otherized, um, and i think in some ways, it always gave me a perspective of the margins, the outsiders in some way... lee: mm. cho: a deeper sense of empathy... lee: right. cho: but what's also interesting about my story is, it was a bit later in my life as a teenager i learned about my parents' story. they were born in what is now called north korea, and this was-- back when they were children, there was only one country, one korea, but they were what development workers call idps, internally displaced people.

they were refugees. they had to flee south because of the rise of communism and tension in the peninsula, and they experienced such, such poverty and--and hunger, and, uh, hearing their stories and also learning about how people, both within the country but also from international countries, came to the aid of parents and the korean people. um, that's a deep legacy. i'i'm moved by that, and i think about the rise of the korean economy. uh, much has been shown, demonstrated to us, and i think we have a responsibility, a privilege to pass that on to others, as well. lee: i'm very moved by what you say because it's a very similar story for me, and so, like, i definitely feel that also from my parents having gone through that hardship. it's does--it has to be part of you, right, and you can't be moved by it and affected by that, so, uh, thank you for sharing that story.

well, eugene, it was a pleasure meeting you. it's tremendous what you and your family have started, this movement, and i'm so glad that so many people are jumping on the bandwagon to help you out, so keep on doing the great work that you do... cho: thank you. thank you. lee: and once again, his book is called "overrated," great read, so i thoroughly enjoyed it. thank you, eugene. cho: thank you very much. lee: all right. well, coming up next, taking a stand in the fight against extreme poverty. stay right there. from the front lines of the war on terror to the front lines on the war on poverty, jake harriman is fighting the good fight. he's a decorated military veteran who served 7 1/2 years as a platoon commander in both the u.s. marine corps infantry and a special operations unit

called force recon. awarded the bronze star for actions in combat during his second tour in iraq,q, jake harriman came to believe that the contributing causes of terrorism--disenfranchisement, lack of education, and extreme poverty--must be erased in order for peace to prevail. take a look. harriman: the e are d pepeop in this wod,d, andhererelways will be. we need ouararmed rceses t protect usrorom the pepeop, and many of my fridsds hav sacrificed the l liveso dodo just tt, but trorists rely on an endlessusupplyf desperate pelele livg inin extreme veverty th n no her options in le.e. the on c chancwe h havto seeee the d d of troririsms to e e extreme portrty. after 1/1/2 yes ofof svice, , madene of thtoughesthoices i've ever de i in lifife- to leave mplplatoo to o lee my guys, and rsrsue ts vivisi to crea a an ornizazati to hehe end extre e povey.

le w wel afterereaving t marineorps, ke graduat fromhe prestious staord aduate schl of busess, where createduru international, a nonprofit focused on ending extreme poverty in remote areas of the world. working in kenya and ethiopia since 2009, nuru international has helped over 85,000 people lift themselves out of extreme poverty--it's great--and the organization's impact has gotten some attention. in 2014, jake was named a white house champion of change, and in 2015, recognized by goldman sachs as one of the 100 most intriguing entrepreneurs. he was also recentlyly named a presidential leadership scholar, and he joins us now to share his goal of eradicating global poverty in our lifetime. jake, welcome to the show. harriman: thanks, may. lee: boy, you're a slacker, aren't you? man, i mean, talk about this list of achievements. that's pretty incredible, and

it's also because it came out of something so difficult for you when you were in iraq serving... harriman: that's right. lee: and so tell me about that epiphany that you had while you were there. harriman: well, it was early in the invasion, and at the time in southern iraq, it was one of the poorest places in the world. uh, there was no access to any kind of health care education for the kids, terrible hunger problem, and what had been happening as we moved through the south was that the regular iraqi army was retreating to make a final stand at baghdad and saddam was pushing his fedayeen soldiers south, and they were going hut to hut in these villages recruiting these poor farmers to fight us, basically saying, "look. your children are starving to death right in front of you." lee: yeah. harriman: "if you pick up this weapon and go fight these guys 10 miles south of here, we will, um, drop off a bag of rice here for your kids every other week." we were fighting these guys by the hundreds and thousands and that kind of set the stage for this one kind of momentous, uh, event in my life. we had just survived the first major contact of the war in a place called nasiriyah. we'd been ambushed, and, uh, we pushed through the city and had dug in north of the city, and everybody was terrified. we were all scared.

we were hungry. we hadn't eaten in two days. lee: oh, man. harriman: everybody was tired, so i got up out of my fighting hole, and i was walking the lines kind of checking on my guys to make sure everybody's ok, and i remember there was, like, a--a very thick fog that morning, and i knew as the sun came up, they were going to start shooting at us again, and i looked up on the highway, and i saw a little, white car racing toward our position, and they had just started putting suicide bombers in these cars to blow themselves up, so i grabbed 3 of my guys. we took off running to stop the car, and i fired a warning shot across the front of the car. finally it stopped about 50 meteters out, and the driver hos out, starts waving his arms frantically and running at me, so now i think this guy has-- he's strapped a bomb to himself. he's going to blow himself up... lee: right. cho: so i'm yelling at him in arabic to get on the ground. he's not listening. finally, as i lift my weapon--i think i have to take this guy out--i look behind him, and i see a--a large, black, military truck roll up behind this little, white car. 6 guys in black jump out of the truck, run up to his car, and starts shooting into the car, and so this man stopped dead in his tracks, starts screaming, turns around, and starts sprinting back to his car, and that's when i realized that, you know, this guy was just one of

those poor farmers who was trying to escape across our lines with his family because he didn't want to fight, so i yelled at--at my guys to take out the fedayeen. then i ran as fast as i could to try to--try to desperately save this guy's family, and by the time i got there, it was--it was too late. you know, i looked in there. lee: they were all--they were all lost. harriman: i looked in the passenger side. his wife had been shot in the face and the chest, and she was dead, and he had a little baby infant girl in the back. his arm had been shot off, and she'd been shot in the head, and then he was cradling the body of a little, 6-year-old daughter who'd been shot in the stomach, and she was choking on her own blood, and i just thought-- you know, in that moment,, everything in the war kind of slowed down, and i put myself in this man's shoes for the first time, and i thought, you know, like, i have all these choices in my life. you know, what kind of choices did this guy have when he woke up this morning? you know, he could watch his kids starve to death. he could pick up a weapon he doesn't even know how to use, make some desperate attempt to cross our lines. he didn't have any choices, and that wasas the beginning of this big awakening for me. you know, i thought, we can't just kill our way out of this problem, you know?

the problem of terrorism, extremism, it's such a complex issue. we have to start thinking about alternative methods to complement what we're currently doing. we have to start giving people real, meaningful choices to stymie the spread of a lot of these groups. lee: that--uh, sorry. i just got a little bit choked up from that story because that's just--it j just takes ito that level that people don't understand, the loss and sacrifice and the desperation... harriman: yeah. lee: that they, you know, feel, that they feel like there's no other hope, right? that's part of the problem of what's fueling the terrorist recruitment. harriman: right. i mean, we all want to take care of our kids. we all want to give our kids a better future, you know, and, you know, poverty doesn't cause terrorism, but it acts as a huge contributor. it allows extremism and terrorism to--to thrive and grow and--and spread around the world, and so if we can tackle extreme poverty, we can eliminate one of the factors that allows it to continue. lee: right, so, therefore, you saw that happen. then you said, "ok. we need to tackle it from this angle..." harriman: yeah.

lee: "rather than--" as you just said, we can't kill our way out of this... harriman: that's right. lee: right? harriman: yup. lee: so tell me, then, how that concept came into fruition. i i mean, thatat's--that's--th'a pretty big task to take on, right? yeah. harriman: yeah. that's right. i--i, um--it was very daunting, so i remember, uh, i had many conversations with my unit, the guys in my unit. we talked a lot about this problem. we all saw that--what we called a market gap, essentially. you know, you had guys like us, operators who were--dod hahad in there trying to work in these villages helping, but honestly, we were trying to take out targets. we weren't trained to help farmers... lee: right. harriman: and then you had aid workers who are very well-intentioned, uh, but they go in, and they were really short-term solutions--more handout-type stuff, not a lot of sustainability--and many of them were getting kidnapped and killed, so we saw this gap that perhaps we could have former operators like us who know how to handle ourselves build a sustainable, long-term economic development model for these villages, and that was the beginning of the genesis of the idea, and--and i talked to my

guys about it, and we all got excited about it, and--and i decided to make one of toughest decisions for me at the time, which was leaving my guys, um, in my unit, get out of the marine corps to kind of--on this quest to build this new way of development... lee: right, right. harriman: and i got out, and i realized i have no idea what i'm doing... lee: ha ha ha! harriman: and, like you said, it's a daunting challenge, right, extreme poverty. lee: it sure is. yeah. harriman: i mean, it--you know, we've been faced with extreme poverty for eons now, and so how do you think about it? lee: but it this like extreme poverty combined with war and conflict, right? harriman: that's right, focusing on really unstable areas, and so i didn't know what to do. i had an engineering degree from the naval academy which i'd--i'd never used, and it was not--i wasn't a peace corps guy. i wasn't a developmental economist, so i spent about a year and a half just researching the problem, trying to understand, ok, what's working, what's not working in the industry, and why, and my initial idea was, i want to join another organization and help from the inside out, but, uh, i--i quickly found out nobody wanted to hire me. i wasn't--apparently, i wasn't hirable... lee: oh, no. harriman: so, uh, i thought, "that's fine." you know, i'm--i'm pretty entrepreneurial. um, my father was entrepreneurial, so i--i thought, "i'll just start my own

thing"... lee: good for you. harriman: and that led me on a quest. i didn't want to--i didn't want to just start a little project that was gonna help a couple of people. i wanted to build a company that could actually help impact this on a global scale, and that actually is what led me to business school. i knew i had to learn the language of business. i had to understand how to build a company effectively... lee: right. harriman: run on business principles, not like a--a tradaditional l charity,y, but y run officially where we can leverage investors' dollars for furthest--to--to create the furthest impact possible. lee: well, here's the thing, jake, though. um, it must have been difficult, though, to try to explain to the average person who hasn't seen the conflict, who hasn't gone through what you've gone through as a soldier on the ground to see exactly what the problem is, right, so to convince investors and just even supporters, was that tough to try to explain to them what this was about? harriman: you know, um, what i found in the beginning-- i--i assumed that would be the case, and it hurt me in the beginning because i was-- you know, i was--i was--i was going to stanford. uh, there were very few people, uh, at stanford at the time, um, veterans who had actually been in combat, and so i was really nervous about opening up about my experience, but what i found is, when, uh, i did open up and

i shared my passion and the vision for what i was trying to do, people really rallied around that. you know, i found that investors and just the general public, people rally around strong vision and passion for change in the world. if you--if the entrepreneur--if the founder is driven and on point and they have this fire in them that can't be extinguished, pepeople are really drawn to th, and i found that that is-- i mean, and it's not just me. there's many people out there like me that--entrepreneurs who have--who have a unique vision to add something to the world that's never been done before... lee: sure. harriman: and so, uh, at places like stanford, they really like the concept of innovative, new ideas of--that can kind--of, like, breakthrough technology, and i think the team and i that were working on it, we're really onto something really unique, and people saw that, and they wanted to get involved, and so we had--uh, over 30 of my classmates got involved. lee: oh, wow. harriman: faculty at stanford came on board as mentors, advisors, investors, so-- lee: ok. well, we have a video of--that shows how nuru works, so let's take a look at that, and we'll talk about it on the other side...

harriman: great. lee:e: all rightht? ok. narrator: this is how nururu works. when nu is invited into a community, they memeet with locl stakeholders to o idtify and focucus on the mosost promising leaders who e e then mentored and equipped with sential skills. these lolocal leaders identitify their momost pressing nes s in e areas ofof hunger, thehe inabily to w withstand fininancial shoc, preventable e disease and d dea, anand a lack of f quality educun for chilildren. data is cocollected and d a base is e establish f for ongoing moninitongng and eluatation. local l leaders are provided wih extetensive analysys of f the worlrld's top poverty fighghting interventionons to evaluatate against set t criteria theyey choose whatat will rk b t in their context and t then mobibilize their c community ino actition. susuccessful lococal business pe are rerecruited to s start businenesses to fundnd the poverty-fighghting work. nuru providedes them withh worlrld-class traiaining and acs to newew markets andnd capital.

as theirir businesses s grow, tr increasising profits e enable te work to spreadad to neighbororig regionons. afafter 7 years,s, nuru ininternational l staff and fufg exits, leaeaving behind a self-sustataining organinization owned and d operatated by local leaders who e e equipped too innonovate past chalngnges and rapidly scalale throughoutut the countrtry. lee: jakake, what t i love about your business model is that you work with local leaders first and foremost... harriman: absolutely. lee: and then secondly, you actually have them choose what model works best for their community, right... harriman: that's right. lee: to sort of customize to what their needs are, and you take into consideration, really, what their community needs, right? harriman: that's right. it's really important because what we found-- i mean, we're based on the philosophy that a strong ethiopian woman leader who is in this country is far better--far better equipped to solve her long-term problems than i will ever be. lee: right. harriman: the key is actually just unlocking the potential in her and removing barriers from around her that are keeping her from realizing that potential, so our model focuses on

leadership, and we have a process of co-creation where we design these programs with the local leaders. it's based on best practices and lessons learned from around the world, um, that we all analyze together, but then they make the final selection on what the composite solution's gonna look like... lee: mm. harriman: because they're-- they're best informed on--on what's gonna work in that culture in that context. what that does is, it creates huge ownership and buy-in and leadership sustainability... lee: right. harriman: so that when we leave, these--these leaders can continue not only to implement and scale, but also innovate past challenges that they're gonna meet along the way as these programs change and break, et cetera. lee: so give me an example of how it works and what--what's been done in a particular community so i get a visual sense of the success and what's actually implemented. harriman: sure, so, um, i'll walk you through what it looks like for a family that works with nuru, ok, so, um, you take kenya or ethiopia, we have--we work with farmers who are in really desperate situations, so typically they--they--their kids suffer from a--they suffer from a hunger season. sometimes the kids get one meal a day for a period of 3 months, um, really terrible situations.

there's a lack of access to any kind of quality, uh, health-- health care. they're dying from stupid diseases like malaria, diarrhea, respiratory tract infections. in the schools, uh, the children many times can't go to school because the parents can't pay the school fees. if they do go, it's very difficult for them to get good, um, literacy training so they can actually learn to read, so the--the literacy levels are abysmal, so they're in these situations. they're very desperate. the first thing nuru does is, we come in. we focus o on, ok, the first thg we have to do is provide food security, right, so we work with the local leaders to design an agriculture program that could look like this--um, providing, uh, a loan for high-quality fertilizer and seed, teaching them how to use it effectively, supervising them in the field to make sure that they're able to use it properly, and also give them advice as they hit challenges. just by doing that, we can at least double their production so now, all of a sudden, farmers on the same piece of land have enough food to be able to feed their families, and they have, actually, some left over to sell. lee: right, so therere's an income. harriman: exactly, and we provide a market linkage because

many times, there's no access to markets in these remote regions... lee: right. harriman: so the farmers get a fair price for their food as they sell it. now they have income for the first time, so what do you do with the income? now we--that's the second program--financial inclusion. we train them on the importance of savings. we provide savings mechanisms, access to micro loans so that they can actua--when shocks come to the family, economic shocks, they can dip into that savings account and pay for that so they don't have to go to their food stores, sell all the food, and now they're back down in hunger again, right? lee: right, so it's like financial planning... harriman: exactly. yeah. lee: in the most basic way. yeah. harriman: that's exactly right, just like we would h have here.. lee: sure. harriman: and then next is our health care program. the reason we focus on health care is because the most common economic shock for a family in rural communities is if a child gets sick or if her mother dies during childbirth... lee: right. harriman: they had to pay for funeral expenses or--or medical expenses, so if you can eliminate the really basic infectious diseases that are plaguing these villages, you can have a huge win and eliminate those--those economic shocks, again furthering the prosperity of the family... lee: yeah. harriman: and then the final side that we work on is education.

that's just really about breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty for these families, you knowow. we want the--especially the young girls to be able to make it all the way up to high school, secondary school, and we found that the key lever in that--research shows if the kids can make it to a second-grade reading level, the whole world opens up to them because they can do what's called read to learn. they can understand what they're learning in their other subjects, which allows them to test higher and begin--begin to make it to higher grades in high school. lee: yeah, and, uh, girls being key, right? harriman: yeah. i mean, girls are key. i mean, empowering women and girls... lee: yeah. harriman: all of the research shows if you can empower women and girls to be able to--to get good edu--solid education and with--empower them with choices, economic choices, it's one of the key levers in eliminating extreme poverty in this region. lee: well, jake, let me ask you this. i mean, with this program, you must have seen amazing transformations in communities and families, right? harriman: absolutely. lee: you--do you see that transformation taking place so that that--that anger or that bitterness or that desperation starts dissipating and... harriman: absolutely. lee: you know, you kind of see that there's a hope, you know, that this could actually make a difference worldwide? harriman: absolutely. you know, uh, i--i see in these communities that we're working

with--i see the desperation going away. you know, i see for the first time, you know, individuals, families having hope for their future. these are brave, resourceful people who have tried for years to try to get their families out of these conditions, but they've been--the--the deck has been stacked against them just because of the gps coordinates of where they've been born, you know, so--so with basic access to basic choices and basic resources, thehey're able to pul themselves out of these conditions, out of--out of extreme poverty, and they're prououd of it, t too. for the first time, they have hope. they have--they begin to think about things other than just survival, which is really important. you begin to think about good governance from your government, you know, and you're beginning to think about linking up with neighbors to do--make positive change in the community yourself, a lot of really positive things. lee: and going back to the issue of terrorism and the war on terrorism, is this--do you think this is the way to try and, you know, defeat that? harriman: absolutely. i think it's a big part of the equation, so, you know, i think military solutions-- there are evil people in this world. there's evil groups in this world. we need our military to be able to take, uh, care of that

problem. however, um, as some of our senior milita--military leaderes have stated, we cacannot kill or way out of this problem. it requires a more holistic solution, and there's a lot of very good conversations happening not in the u.s. government, but in the--in the united nations, in the african union about how we need to build a more robust strategy around eliminating extreme poverty, around adding stability in some of the most fragile regions as a way to strip away a lot of the resources and recruiting grounds and logistics spaces of support for some of these extremist groups. lee: yeah, and we should mention that this is not about a handout. harriman: no. lee: this is about empowering them, teaching people, and then--and then leaving eventually, and then they become independent, and, as the video said, that they spread their information to other regions, right? harriman: absolutely, i mean, this is--this is not a westerner solution, you know? like i said in the very beginning, this philosophy is based on the fact that--that the individuals that we're working with, they're brave, resourceful people who are far more capable than we are of solving their problems. we're just a catalyst, you know, so exit is very important. we think it's really important that n nuru international, the

western organizationon, must lee in order for a true, long-- long-lasting success to happen. lee: right, right. well, jake, it's great stuff that you guys are doing with nuru. congratulations, and i know you have expansion plans. harriman: yeah. lee: where--what other areas are you about to go to? harriman: so we, um--we have-- uh, the last 7 years have been really about proving the model works, and so we did that in relatively stable places-- kenya and ethiopia. now that the model is working, we're really getting ready to tackle what i believe was my original vision, which is taking this in to some of the toughest places in the world. lee: mm. harriman: we want to show the world that we cacan disrupt violent extremism, disrupt terrorism, um, through the nuru model and the nuru approach, so we're looking at--we're specifically looking at different regions that are very volatile, so we're looking at northeast nigeria. we're looking at southern somalia, looking at eastern drc, so those are some of the--the top, uh, regions that we're looking at for our next project because what we want to be able to demonstrate in a big-splash way, that if you--if you do this work in a sustainable way, it makes for a very fertile ground for a more holistic stra-- strategy to counter violent

extremism, that it's an important component to the equation, and then once we have proved this with data, then our--our goal is to scale that up kind of globally. lee: yeah. i think you're onto something, for sure, but congratulations on all the success thus far, but, uh, i think you got a--a healthy road ahead of you with this project, so good luck to you. harriman: thank you so much. lee: all right. harriman: appreciate it. lee: when we come back, a simple recalibration of charitable giving is having an impact on global poverty that may surprise you. stay right there. when you give to a charity fighting to rid the world of poverty, how much impact does your donated dollar really have on a single individual living in abject poverty? wewell, in many cases, not much. one organization is--is out to change that and how we all think about charitable giving. michael faye is the co-founder

and chairman of givedirectly, a top-ranked international charity that advocates for direct giving to people with most need. the "guardian" writes that givedirectly sent shockwaves through the charity sector when it introduced the idea of making cash transfers directly to the poor. faye's model essentially eliminates thehe ngo middleman y quickly and efficiently transferring funds from donors right into the hands of those who need it most. michael faye joins us now from new york city to discuss how he's changing the charity landscape and why it's working so well. michael, welcome to "full frame." faye: thanks, may. pleasure to be here. lee: well, michael, umum, this s definitely a unique concept. it's pretty much cutting out the middleman, as i just said, and there's no strings to this. the donor directly sends the money to the person in need. when you first came up with this idea and you started sharing the concept, did people sort of question the whole idea?

faye: yeah. i think it was a mix. i think there are folks in this sector, uh, the development sector, that were quite familiar with the idea. it wasn't a new idea, and there was quite a bit of evidence for cash when we got started, uh, and those folks were really quite supportive. now, i think there is the general public, and there is skepticism about cash, um, in general. there's also a lot of skepticism about pe--whether people would actually give in this way. lee: and how--so tell me, why does ca--direct cash work? faye: well, i think you're realally putting, uh, trust into the poor and allowing them to make decisions o on their own behalf. i think if i'm sitting in a room in new york or dc or london, it's going to be a lot harder for me to understand what that recipient or poor person needs than for themselves to know what they need. lee: well, let's talk about how it actually works, then. um, let's start from the donor's end. how does a donor go about

deciding who the money goes to, and how does that transa-- transaction work? faye: yeah, so this is quite eaeasy. it's--it's like going to any other website. i think if you go to our website, givedirectly.org, you have a choice of which country to give to, and right now, you can give to either kenya or uganda. uh, there's slightly different efficiency ratios for each. they're 91 cents on each dollar gets to the poor in kenya and about 85 cents in uganda. lee: ok. fafaye: you select your option, uh, and go from there. lee: 91 cents and 8--you said 85 cecents--that's pretty gooood, , in t terms of how much actually goes to the person in need. faye: we think so, uh, and we think even more, um, basically, simply asking the question of other organizations--how much of the dollar that i'm donating... lee: right. faye: reaches the final recipient?--is a first step. lee: that's right. yeah. i think a lot of folks wonder about that whenever they give to a charity.

all right. let's then talk about the, uh, recipient. they receive the money directly, and how does that take place? faye: that's right, so the first step is finding the e recipipie. then to be eligible for givedidirectly, you u need to be extrememely poor. uh, givedirectctly recipieient,n average, is living on about 65 cents a day. lee: wow. faye: we then go through a number of back checks and follow-ups to make sure that the person is actually poor, um, and who we think they are. uh, once that process is complete, uh, we enroll them in the system. uh, we register them by providing them a a sim card, uh, for mobile money, uh, and then transfer the money. they get a text that they can either pick up that money at a--a local agent or hold that money and save it on their phone. lee: and you just mentioned, michael, that you go through a lot of, uh, background checks to make sure that this person is legitimate. you've never had an issue with fraud or somebody trying to misuse these funds? faye: i think everybody working in this sector has had an issue

with fraudud, anthe-e--the reall quesestion is how you minimize that. lee: yeah. faye: um, we had one which we''e been very public about, uh, and think it's important to be public about these things in uganda where we lost about 2%, uh, of a budget. uh, the question is how quickly do you catch it and how quickly do you adapt to it. lee: ok, and--and how were you able to managege that, then? fafaye: so it-t--it's a combinan of mananagement and tetechnologo we use everything from satellite image to automated fraud alerts, um, to feedback mechanisms with staff compensation, uh, to prevent fraud going forward. lee: ok, so that's the fraud element, but what about-- you know, th--these are real recipients of--of this money, but how do you ensure that that person doesn't then go and misuse the funds? i mean, they may be poor, and they may have needs, but what if they go and spend the money on alcohol or drugs or other things that obviously aren't being used pro--you know, they're--they're using the money for other things

that aren't needed. faye: well--well, it's interesting, and i think for a lolong time, w we've thought the needed to put constraints on the poor for what they could use the money for... lee: mm. faye: and the reality is that popoverty itself puts constrains on the recipient. uh, if you're living in abject poverty on 65 cents a day, when you get a transfer of cash, your first thought is not, "how do i go have fun? which bar should i go to?" it's, "how w can i make my familyly's life betteter?" and even, "howow can i surveve?" lelee: right, right. well, tell me, thehen, michael, um, you know, you u guys havavee proof. you have the stories o ohow this works. give me some examples of how lives have been changed through this mechanism that you've created. faye: uh, there--there are examples of everything. there's, um, lots of recipients that have bought motorbikes to start taxi businesses. a recipient will use the money to send their kids to school. a fair number of recipients use it for the--the simplest of things that we take for granted,

putting a roof on their heads, which not only obviously improves the dignity, um, of their lives, but is actually a great investment for them, uh, and the list goes on from there. lee: michael, why hasn't someone done this before? i--you mentioned earlier that this isn't something totally new, but really, it's not that commonplace, so do you think this is something that's gonna continue to catch on? faye: uh, i sure hope so, and it's interesting. i think people talalk about givedirectly, um, as something new and--and leading this movement towards direct giving and cash transfers, uh, and the reality is that many people were doing it b before. the government of brazil, the government of mexico, um, and many others were doing cash-transfer programs which actualally provided the evevidee upon which givedirectly is based. without those prprograms, we wouldn't haveve known that cash worked. lee: rightht. faye: what people haven't done and where i think givedirectly has really pushed it is opening that up to the general public and saying, "let's go beyond the

large institutions and governments and allow anyone, uh, in the general public to give directly." lee: and i guess i should ask you, michael, how's it going in terms of donations? are you seeing a steady rise in the number of donations and donors participating in this program? faye: uh, we've been delighted. we, uh--we recently crcrossed te $100 million mark, um... lee: wow. faye: of cumulative donations, so we--it's just been a tremendous amount of support for folks, um, to the poor, uh, and i--and i think it's folks that have placed a real, uh, priority on evidence. uh, it's folks trusting the poor, and i think it's growing. lee: that's incre--$100 million. that is incredible, michchael. uh, well, let's talk about how much, uh--an average donation, how much of a difference it can make--$50, let's say, you donate to uganda. wh--what's that $50 gonna do? faye: uh, this is transformative for people, and, again, to put this in context, uh, people are living on 65 cents a day, so for

the price of coffee each morning, you could basically double their income. lee: jeez. huh. faye: um, for $50, uh, you can buy enough maize to last a family, probably, for about two months. you could buy several pigs. uh, it really goes quite far abroad in these countries. lee: right. well, michael, thank you so much for sharing, uh, your story about givedirectly. sounds like you guys are doing incredible work, so keep it up. faye: i appreciate it,t, may. thanks so much for having me. lee: you're w welcome. all righ. we'll be right back with this week's "full frame" close-up. in 1994, a florida prison started a small zoo with a group of ducks. eventually, people began dropping off unwanted pets. several years later, however, the zoo is nearly shut down

after beining cited with violations, that is until one woman stepped in to save the animals and the inmates who care for them. 10 years later, the zoo now has 150 animals and, as "full frame" contributor jim spellman explains, it's a thriving program that's good for the community, good for the animals, and great for the inmates. selander: good morning. how are you today? morning, morning. all right. we got everybody. spellman: the sun is barely up in the florida keys, and these inmates at the monroe county jail are on the move, gearing up for work detail... selander: so it'll be exciting to see that, and... spellman: but this is no chain gang. [rooster crows] beckman: hey, come on. spellman: these inmates help run

a zoo... beckman: what's up, buddy? spellman: at the jail. prisoners feed the animals... beckman: ok. spellman: play w with them, and take care of the facility. beckman: all right. spellman: seth beckman is serving 6 months on drug charges. he moved to florida shortly before his arrest. beckman: ha ha! i heard the cocaine here was pretty gogood,o i--i ended up having, like, , se cocaininon me, and i gotot pulld over and got, uh, , charged for possesession of cocaine. spellman: he had no experience working with animals before coming to the farm, but he soon fell in love with his new companions. beckman: whenever i'm inside, um, of course, you got to deal with all the other inmates that are in here, a bunch have different personalities, and it's just--it's--it's kind of like a mess, really, you're juggling with, you know, and it's just sometimes when-- whenevever i'm out here, i get away from it all. um, i'm at peace, really, out here. uh, it's kind of like my escape while i'm in jail.l.

spellman: adam korzen was convicted on drug charges and is back in jail after violating parole. korzen: just we usually come in in the morning and feed them all and, uh, you know, hang out with them for a little while. spellman: working with the animals is a welcome relief from his time inside the walls of the jail. korzen: upstairs, i tend to be withdrawn a lot, just stick to yourself simply because of the environment that you're around, um, so you kind of have to. downstairs, you can be more open, and then you got the animals, which, you know, bring out the best in you, i guess. spellman: all inmates who work on the farm must be nonviolent offenders s who haven't committd crimes agagainst animalsls. jeanne selander, farmer jeanne to the inmates, runs the program. so when did you come to work here? selander: i came here 10 years ago in 2006. spellman: what was it like then? selander: it was a little bit barren. there were only about 20 animals.

there was no grass out here. there was no grazing fence. there were no trees, so i've tried to make improvements as i go, and we're up to about a 150 animals now. spellman: all the animals here have been abandoned, abused, confiscated, or donateted. a lot of the animals here, like this goat french fry, begin as pets. when they become too big and too unruly for their owners to take care of, they end up here. there are boars and ducks, a skunk and a lemur, snakes, and a sloth. selander: so this is our aviary, where all of our exotic birds and our sloth live, and i see the sloth h over thehere waitinr me now. hi, mo. so we're gonna give breakfast to mo the sloth. spellman: mo's s a farm favorit. he eats these biscuits soaked in water, sometimes sharing with his featherered friends. for dessert, it's an ear of corn.

sloths can live 25to 30 years. after 5 years, his owners decided mo was too much to handle. now w he makes appearances at community events a and is a favoritete with visitors. selander: and people get to come up and pet him and interact with him, which is pretty amazing because most people would never get to see an animal like this, let alone as up close as wee allow them to. spellman: what do the prisoners get out of working here? selander: well, they learn compassion from working with the animals. it also gives them a purpose, and it makes them feel like they're doing something worthwhile, and some of them don't feel like they matter, and some of them had hard lives just like these animals have had hard lives, so they really identify with them. i've even heard them tell the animals before--i've heard the inmates say, "you're in jail just like me," so they really identify with these animals that have had difficult lives. beckman: this is snowflake and arabella the alpacas. hey. hey, buddy, come on. there you go. spellman: more than 700 inmates have worked in the program over

the years. they bond with farmer jeanne and the animals so much that many return to visit and even volunteer once they are released. beckman: they're actually pretty unique animals. i like them a lot. korzen: it just makes you appreciate things a little better, you know? just w when we come down here, these animals, like, depend on us. i mean, they know we're here. they'll walk up to the gagate ad waitit for you to be fed, and 's just--just makes you realize how much beauty there is in the world. spellman: farmer jeanne hopes morere jails will develop similr programs and spread d that beauy far beyond the prison walls. >> i love you. spellman: for "full frame," jim spellman, stock island, florida. lee: well, that's it for this week. join the conversation with us on social media. we are cctv america on twitter, facebook, and yoututube, and now you can watch "full frame" on our new mobile app, available worldwide on any smartphone for free.

get the latest news headlines and connect to us on facebook, twitter, youtube, and weibo. search "cctv america" on your app store to download today. all of our interviews can still also be found online at cctv-america.com, and let us know what you'd like us to take "full frame" next. simply email us at fullframe@cctv-america.com. until then, i'm may lee in los angeles. thanks so much for watching, and we'll see you next time.o#qñ

>> was it a consciouous decision oror a momentary lapapse of rea? how did progress take priority over humankind? how could the desire for a modern way of life that threatens our future be considered a way of life? could it be we are connected to all things in the universe, not the center of it? that suburbs in los gegeles affect the melting ice caps of antarctica? deforestation in the congo affects the typhoons of japan? now, we must face the insurmomountable challenges for what they reaeally are, opportunities to reinvent and redesign. "e2: the economies of b being environmnmentally consnscious."